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deMayo JA, Brennan RS, Pespeni MH, Finiguerra M, Norton L, Park G, Baumann H, Dam HG. Simultaneous warming and acidification limit population fitness and reveal phenotype costs for a marine copepod. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231033. [PMID: 37670582 PMCID: PMC10510449 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation allow populations to cope with global change, but limits and costs to adaptation under multiple stressors are insufficiently understood. We reared a foundational copepod species, Acartia hudsonica, under ambient (AM), ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA), and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions for 11 generations (approx. 1 year) and measured population fitness (net reproductive rate) derived from six life-history traits (egg production, hatching success, survival, development time, body size and sex ratio). Copepods under OW and OWA exhibited an initial approximately 40% fitness decline relative to AM, but fully recovered within four generations, consistent with an adaptive response and demonstrating synergy between stressors. At generation 11, however, fitness was approximately 24% lower for OWA compared with the AM lineage, consistent with the cost of producing OWA-adapted phenotypes. Fitness of the OWA lineage was not affected by reversal to AM or low food environments, indicating sustained phenotypic plasticity. These results mimic those of a congener, Acartia tonsa, while additionally suggesting that synergistic effects of simultaneous stressors exert costs that limit fitness recovery but can sustain plasticity. Thus, even when closely related species experience similar stressors, species-specific costs shape their unique adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. deMayo
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Reid S. Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melissa H. Pespeni
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Finiguerra
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Lydia Norton
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Gihong Park
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hans G. Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
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2
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Lachs L, Humanes A, Pygas DR, Bythell JC, Mumby PJ, Ferrari R, Figueira WF, Beauchamp E, East HK, Edwards AJ, Golbuu Y, Martinez HM, Sommer B, van der Steeg E, Guest JR. No apparent trade-offs associated with heat tolerance in a reef-building coral. Commun Biol 2023; 6:400. [PMID: 37046074 PMCID: PMC10097654 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As marine species adapt to climate change, their heat tolerance will likely be under strong selection. Yet trade-offs between heat tolerance and other life history traits could compromise natural adaptation or assisted evolution. This is particularly important for ecosystem engineers, such as reef-building corals, which support biodiversity yet are vulnerable to heatwave-induced mass bleaching and mortality. Here, we exposed 70 colonies of the reef-building coral Acropora digitifera to a long-term marine heatwave emulation experiment. We tested for trade-offs between heat tolerance and three traits measured from the colonies in situ - colony growth, fecundity, and symbiont community composition. Despite observing remarkable within-population variability in heat tolerance, all colonies were dominated by Cladocopium C40 symbionts. We found no evidence for trade-offs between heat tolerance and fecundity or growth. Contrary to expectations, positive associations emerged with growth, such that faster-growing colonies tended to bleach and die at higher levels of heat stress. Collectively, our results suggest that these corals exist on an energetic continuum where some high-performing individuals excel across multiple traits. Within populations, trade-offs between heat tolerance and growth or fecundity may not be major barriers to natural adaptation or the success of assisted evolution interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Lachs
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel R Pygas
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John C Bythell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, 96940, Palau
| | - Renata Ferrari
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Beauchamp
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Holly K East
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair J Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yimnang Golbuu
- Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, 96940, Palau
| | - Helios M Martinez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Eveline van der Steeg
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James R Guest
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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3
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Hoey JA, Able KW, Pinsky ML. Genetic decline and recovery of a demographically rebuilt fishery species. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5684-5698. [PMID: 36114805 PMCID: PMC9828022 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The demographic history of a population is important for conservation and evolution, but this history is unknown for many populations. Methods that use genomic data have been developed to infer demography, but they can be challenging to implement and interpret, particularly for large populations. Thus, understanding if and when genetic estimates of demography correspond to true population history is important for assessing the performance of these genetic methods. Here, we used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing data from archived collections of larval summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus, n = 279) from three cohorts (1994-1995, 1997-1998 and 2008-2009) along the U.S. East coast to examine how contemporary effective population size and genetic diversity responded to changes in abundance in a natural population. Despite little to no detectable change in genetic diversity, coalescent-based demographic modelling from site frequency spectra revealed that summer flounder effective population size declined dramatically in the early 1980s. The timing and direction of change corresponded well with the observed decline in spawning stock census abundance in the late 1980s from independent fish surveys. Census abundance subsequently recovered and achieved the prebottleneck size. Effective population size also grew following the bottleneck. Our results for summer flounder demonstrate that genetic sampling and site frequency spectra can be useful for detecting population dynamics, even in species with large effective sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Hoey
- Ecology, Evolution, & Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Biodiversity Science and SustainabilityCalifornia Academy of SciencesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Able
- Marine Field Station, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers UniversityTuckertonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Ecology, Evolution, & Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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4
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Maccagni A, Willi Y. Trait divergence and trade-offs among Brassicaceae species differing in elevational distribution. Evolution 2022; 76:1986-2003. [PMID: 35779006 PMCID: PMC9545065 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Species have restricted geographic distributions and the causes are still largely unknown. Temperature has long been associated with distribution limits, suggesting that there are ubiquitous constraints to the evolution of the climate niche. Here, we investigated the traits involved in such constraints by macroevolutionary comparisons involving 100 Brassicaceae species differing in elevational distribution. Plants were grown under three temperature treatments (regular frost, mild, regular heat) and phenotyped for phenological, morphological, and thermal resistance traits. Trait values were analyzed by assessing the effect of temperature and elevational distribution, by comparing models of evolutionary trajectories, and by correlative approaches to identify trade-offs. Analyses pointed to size, leaf morphology, and growth under heat as among the most discriminating traits between low- and high-elevation species, with high-elevation species growing faster under the occurrence of regular heat bouts, at the cost of reduced size. Mixed models and evolutionary models supported adaptive divergence for these traits, and correlation analysis indicated their involvement in moderate trade-offs. Finally, we found asymmetry in trait evolution, with evolvability across traits being 50% less constrained under regular frost. Overall, results suggest that trade-offs between traits under adaptive divergence contribute to the disparate distribution of species along the elevational gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maccagni
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland,Botanical Garden of Canton TicinoBrissagoCH‐6614Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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5
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Maccagni A, Willi Y. Niche breadth and elevational range size: a comparative study on Middle-European Brassicaceae species. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210005. [PMID: 35067087 PMCID: PMC8784931 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-elevation species are predicted to have larger elevational ranges compared with species of lower elevations. The reasoning is that temperature variability is greater at higher elevation, selecting for wider niche breadth and more plastic genotypes. We used macroevolutionary comparisons involving 90 Brassicaceae species of the central Alps to test for associations among median elevation of occurrence, elevational range size and thermal variability over space and time on the one hand, and their associations with performance breadth or trait plasticity on the other hand. Performance breadth and trait plasticity were estimated by raising replicate plants per species under three temperature treatments (mild, recurrent frost, recurrent heat). Against prediction, we found that mid-elevation species had the largest elevational ranges, and their ranges were associated with increased spatial thermal variability. Nevertheless, variability in the thermal regime was positively associated neither with niche breadth nor with plasticity. Evidence for adaptive constraints was limited to a trade-off between acclimation-based increases in frost and heat resistance, and phylogenetic niche conservatism for median elevation of occurrence and temporal thermal variability. Results suggest that large elevational range size is associated with divergent adaptation within species, but not with more niche breadth or trait plasticity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maccagni
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Botanical Garden of the Canton Ticino, Brissago Islands, P.O. 245, 6614 Brissago, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Denny MW, Dowd WW. Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac037. [PMID: 36003414 PMCID: PMC9394168 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate forecasting of organismal responses to climate change requires a deep mechanistic understanding of how physiology responds to present-day variation in the physical environment. However, the road to physiological enlightenment is fraught with complications: predictable environmental fluctuations of any single factor are often accompanied by substantial stochastic variation and rare extreme events, and several factors may interact to affect physiology. Lacking sufficient knowledge of temporal patterns of co-variation in multiple environmental stressors, biologists struggle to design and implement realistic and relevant laboratory experiments. In this study, we directly address these issues, using measurements of the thermal tolerance of freshly collected animals and long-term field records of environmental conditions to explore how the splash-pool copepod Tigriopus californicus adjusts its physiology as its environment changes. Salinity and daily maximum temperature-two dominant environmental stressors experienced by T. californicus-are extraordinarily variable and unpredictable more than 2-3 days in advance. However, they substantially co-vary such that when temperature is high salinity is also likely to be high. Copepods appear to take advantage of this correlation: median lethal temperature of field-collected copepods increases by 7.5°C over a roughly 120 parts-per-thousand range of ambient salinity. Complementary laboratory experiments show that exposure to a single sublethal thermal event or to an abrupt shift in salinity also elicits rapid augmentation of heat tolerance via physiological plasticity, although the effect of salinity dwarfs that of temperature. These results suggest that T. californicus's physiology keeps pace with the rapid, unpredictable fluctuations of its hypervariable physical environment by responding to the cues provided by recent sublethal stress and, more importantly, by leveraging the mechanistic cross-talk between responses to salinity and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Wesley Dowd
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Eastlick G81, Pullman, WA99164, USA
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7
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Pallarés S, Verberk WCEP, Bilton DT. Plasticity of thermal performance curves in a narrow range endemic water beetle. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103113. [PMID: 34863476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal history can plastically alter the response of ectotherms to temperature, and thermal performance curves (TPCs) are powerful tools for exploring how organismal-level performance varies with temperature. Plasticity in TPCs may be favoured in thermally variable habitats, where it can result in fitness benefits. However, thermal physiology remains insufficiently studied for freshwater insects despite freshwater biodiversity being at great risk under global change. Here, we assess how acclimation at either summer or winter average temperatures changes TPCs for locomotion activity and metabolism in Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae), a water beetle endemic to shallow saline streams in SE Spain. This beetle is a bimodal gas exchanger and so we also assessed how aerial and aquatic gas exchange varied across temperatures for both acclimation treatments. Responses of locomotory TPCs to thermal acclimation were relatively weak, but high temperature acclimated beetles tended to exhibit higher maximum locomotor activity and reduced TPC breadth than those acclimated at lower temperature. High temperature acclimation increased the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rates, contrary to the response generally found in aquatic organisms. Higher metabolic rates upon high temperature acclimation were achieved by increasing aerial, rather than aquatic oxygen uptake. Such plastic respiratory behaviour likely contributed to enhanced locomotor performance at temperatures around the optimum and thermal plasticity could thus be an important component in the response of aquatic insects to climate change. However, high temperature acclimation appeared to be detrimental for locomotion in subsequent exposure at upper sublethal temperatures, suggesting that this narrow range endemic may be vulnerable to future climate warming. This study demonstrates that TPCs are context-specific, differing with performance metric as well as thermal history. Such context dependency must be considered when using TPCs to predict organismal responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pallarés
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Wilco C E P Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - David T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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8
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Buckley LB, Kingsolver JG. Evolution of Thermal Sensitivity in Changing and Variable Climates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011521-102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptation to temperature and climate depends on both the extent to which organisms experience spatial and temporal environmental variation (exposure) and how responsive they are to the environmental variation (sensitivity). Theoretical models and experiments suggesting substantial potential for thermal adaptation have largely omitted realistic environmental variation. Environmental variation can drive fluctuations in selection that slow adaptive evolution. We review how carefully filtering environmental conditions based on how organisms experience their environment and further considering organismal sensitivity can improve predictions of thermal adaptation. We contrast taxa differing in exposure and sensitivity. Plasticity can increase the rate of evolutionary adaptation in taxa exposed to pronounced environmental variation. However, forms of plasticity that severely limit exposure, such as behavioral thermoregulation and phenological shifts, can hinder thermal adaptation. Despite examples of rapid thermal adaptation, experimental studies often reveal evolutionary constraints. Further investigating these constraints and issues of timescale and thermal history are needed to predict evolutionary adaptation and, consequently, population persistence in changing and variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195‐1800, USA
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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9
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Zhu L, Hoffmann AA, Li S, Ma C. Extreme climate shifts pest dominance hierarchy through thermal evolution and transgenerational plasticity. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Climate Change Biology Research Group State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest and Disease Vector Group School of BioSiences Bio21 Institutethe University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shi‐Min Li
- Wucheng observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Science and Plant Protection Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences Luohe PR China
| | - Chun‐Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing PR China
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10
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Griffiths JS, Kawji Y, Kelly MW. An Experimental Test of Adaptive Introgression in Locally Adapted Populations of Splash Pool Copepods. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1306-1316. [PMID: 33306808 PMCID: PMC8042754 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As species struggle to keep pace with the rapidly warming climate, adaptive introgression of beneficial alleles from closely related species or populations provides a possible avenue for rapid adaptation. We investigate the potential for adaptive introgression in the copepod, Tigriopus californicus, by hybridizing two populations with divergent heat tolerance limits. We subjected hybrids to strong heat selection for 15 generations followed by whole-genome resequencing. Utilizing a hybridize evolve and resequence (HER) technique, we can identify loci responding to heat selection via a change in allele frequency. We successfully increased the heat tolerance (measured as LT50) in selected lines, which was coupled with higher frequencies of alleles from the southern (heat tolerant) population. These repeatable changes in allele frequencies occurred on all 12 chromosomes across all independent selected lines, providing evidence that heat tolerance is polygenic. These loci contained genes with lower protein-coding sequence divergence than the genome-wide average, indicating that these loci are highly conserved between the two populations. In addition, these loci were enriched in genes that changed expression patterns between selected and control lines in response to a nonlethal heat shock. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mechanism of heat tolerance divergence is explained by differential gene expression of highly conserved genes. The HER approach offers a unique solution to identifying genetic variants contributing to polygenic traits, especially variants that might be missed through other population genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Yasmeen Kawji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Morgan W Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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11
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Hidalgo-Galiana A, Ribera I, Terblanche JS. Geographic variation in acclimation responses of thermal tolerance in South African diving beetles (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110955. [PMID: 33839295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding sources of variation in animal thermal limits is critical to forecasting ecological responses to climate change. Here, we estimated upper and lower thermal limits, and their capacity to respond to thermal acclimation, in several species and populations of diving beetles (Dytiscidae) from diverse geographic regions representative of variable climate within South Africa. We also considered ecoregions and latitudinal ranges as potential predictors of thermal limits and the plasticity thereof. For upper thermal limits, species showed significant variation and limited acclimation-related plasticity. Lower thermal limits responded to acclimation in some cases and showed marked variation among species that could be explained by taxonomic affiliation and ecoregion. Limited acclimation ability in the species included in this study suggest plasticity of thermal limits will not be a likely buffer for coping with climate change. From the present results for the Dytiscidae of the region, it appears the group may be particularly susceptible to heat and/or drought and may thus serve as useful indicator species of ecosystem change. Understanding how these climate-related impacts play out at different spatial and temporal scales will have profound implications for conservation management and functional responses, especially important in a region already showing a trend for warming and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Hidalgo-Galiana
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ribera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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12
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Mesas A, Jaramillo A, Castañeda LE. Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:767-778. [PMID: 33662149 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms can respond to global warming via evolutionary change of their upper thermal limits (CTmax ). Thus, the estimation of CTmax and its evolutionary potential is crucial to determine their vulnerability to global warming. However, CTmax estimations depend on the thermal stress intensity, and it is not completely clear whether its evolutionary capacity can be affected. Here, we performed an artificial selection experiment to increase heat tolerance using fast- and slow-ramping selection protocols in Drosophila subobscura. We found that heat tolerance evolved in both selection protocols, exhibiting similar evolutionary change rates and realized heritabilities. Additionally, we estimated the thermal performance curves (TPC) to evaluate correlated responses to selection on heat tolerance. We detected that thermal optimum increased in fast-ramping selection lines, but with a cost at the thermal performance breadth. Conversely, we did not detect changes in the TPC for the slow-ramping selection lines, indicating that thermal stress intensity has important effects on the evolution of thermal physiology of ectotherms. These findings, together with previous studies in D. subobscura reporting interpopulation variability and significant heritabilities for heat tolerance, suggest that evolutionary change can contribute to insect persistence in thermally changing environments and adaptation to global warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mesas
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Angélica Jaramillo
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Park JS. Cyclical environments drive variation in life-history strategies: a general theory of cyclical phenology. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190214. [PMID: 30862286 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycles, such as seasons or tides, characterize many systems in nature. Overwhelming evidence shows that climate change-driven alterations to environmental cycles-such as longer seasons-are associated with phenological shifts around the world, suggesting a deep link between environmental cycles and life cycles. However, general mechanisms of life-history evolution in cyclical environments are still not well understood. Here, I build a demographic framework and ask how life-history strategies optimize fitness when the environment perturbs a structured population cyclically and how strategies should change as cyclicality changes. I show that cycle periodicity alters optimality predictions of classic life-history theory because repeated cycles have rippling selective consequences over time and generations. Notably, fitness landscapes that relate environmental cyclicality and life-history optimality vary dramatically depending on which trade-offs govern a given species. The model tuned with known life-history trade-offs in a marine intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus successfully predicted the shape of life-history variation across natural populations spanning a gradient of tidal periodicities. This framework shows how environmental cycles can drive life-history variation-without complex assumptions of individual responses to cues such as temperature-thus expanding the range of life-history diversity explained by theory and providing a basis for adaptive phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Park
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago , 1025 E. 57th Street, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637 , USA
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14
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Hoffmann AA, Sgrò CM. Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms: How much environmental control is needed? Integr Zool 2019; 13:355-371. [PMID: 29168624 PMCID: PMC6099205 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change. In most assessments of vulnerability, critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions. However, many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions, allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics. This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits, using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints, isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits, characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses, and when assessing the role of cross generation effects. However, vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions, which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior, microhabitat, stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions. There are ways of reconciling these requirements, such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions (or vice versa). While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa, assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered, and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Jensen A, Alemu T, Alemneh T, Pertoldi C, Bahrndorff S. Thermal acclimation and adaptation across populations in a broadly distributed soil arthropod. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Aalborg University; Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Tibebu Alemu
- Department of Biology; Dire Dawa University; Dire Dawa Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Alemneh
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology; Jimma University; Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Aalborg University; Aalborg East Denmark
- Aalborg Zoo; Aalborg C Denmark
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Aalborg University; Aalborg East Denmark
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16
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Willett CS, Son C. The Evolution of the Thermal Niche Across Locally Adapted Populations of the Copepod Tigriopus californicus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3160/3712.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Willett
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Christine Son
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
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17
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Tangwancharoen S, Moy GW, Burton RS. Multiple Modes of Adaptation: Regulatory and Structural Evolution in a Small Heat Shock Protein Gene. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2110-2119. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaetee Tangwancharoen
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Gary W Moy
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Ronald S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
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18
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Lucas LK, Nice CC, Gompert Z. Genetic constraints on wing pattern variation in
Lycaeides
butterflies: A case study on mapping complex, multifaceted traits in structured populations. Mol Ecol Resour 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris C. Nice
- Department of Biology Texas State University San Marcos TX USA
| | - Zachariah Gompert
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan UT USA
- Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
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19
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Matthews B, Best RJ, Feulner PGD, Narwani A, Limberger R. Evolution as an ecosystem process: insights from genomics. Genome 2017; 61:298-309. [PMID: 29241022 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolution is a fundamental ecosystem process. The study of genomic variation of organisms can not only improve our understanding of evolutionary processes, but also of contemporary and future ecosystem dynamics. We argue that integrative research between the fields of genomics and ecosystem ecology could generate new insights. Specifically, studies of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, evolutionary rescue, and eco-evolutionary dynamics could all benefit from information about variation in genome structure and the genetic architecture of traits, whereas genomic studies could benefit from information about the ecological context of evolutionary dynamics. We propose new ways to help link research on functional genomic diversity with (reciprocal) interactions between phenotypic evolution and ecosystem change. Despite numerous challenges, we anticipate that the wealth of genomic data being collected on natural populations will improve our understanding of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Matthews
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca J Best
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,b School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, 525 S. Beaver Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- c Eawag, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,d University of Bern, Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Romana Limberger
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,e Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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20
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Brans KI, Jansen M, Vanoverbeke J, Tüzün N, Stoks R, De Meester L. The heat is on: Genetic adaptation to urbanization mediated by thermal tolerance and body size. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:5218-5227. [PMID: 28614592 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, urbanization leads to tremendous anthropogenic environmental alterations, causing strong selection pressures on populations of animals and plants. Although a key feature of urban areas is their higher temperature ("urban heat islands"), adaptive thermal evolution in organisms inhabiting urban areas has rarely been studied. We tested for evolution of a higher heat tolerance (CTMAX ) in urban populations of the water flea Daphnia magna, a keystone grazer in freshwater ecosystems, by carrying out a common garden experiment at two temperatures (20°C and 24°C) with genotypes of 13 natural populations ordered along a well-defined urbanization gradient. We also assessed body size and haemoglobin concentration to identify underlying physiological drivers of responses in CTMAX . We found a higher CTMAX in animals isolated from urban compared to rural habitats and in animals reared at higher temperatures. We also observed substantial genetic variation in thermal tolerance within populations. Overall, smaller animals were more heat tolerant. While urban animals mature at smaller size, the effect of urbanization on thermal tolerance is only in part caused by reductions in body size. Although urban Daphnia contained higher concentrations of haemoglobin, this did not contribute to their higher CTMAX . Our results provide evidence of adaptive thermal evolution to urbanization in the water flea Daphnia. In addition, our results show both evolutionary potential and adaptive plasticity in rural as well as urban Daphnia populations, facilitating responses to warming. Given the important ecological role of Daphnia in ponds and lakes, these adaptive responses likely impact food web dynamics, top-down control of algae, water quality, and the socio-economic value of urban ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Jansen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Vanoverbeke
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussel, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Alemu T, Alemneh T, Pertoldi C, Ambelu A, Bahrndorff S. Costs and benefits of heat and cold hardening in a soil arthropod. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Pedersen A, Karlsson BG, Loeschcke V, Malmendal A. Metabolic and functional characterization of effects of developmental temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 312:R211-R222. [PMID: 27927623 PMCID: PMC5336569 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of ectotherms to respond to changes in their thermal environment through plastic mechanisms is central to their adaptive capability. However, we still lack knowledge on the physiological and functional responses by which ectotherms acclimate to temperatures during development, and in particular, how physiological stress at extreme temperatures may counteract beneficial acclimation responses at benign temperatures. We exposed Drosophila melanogaster to 10 developmental temperatures covering their entire permissible temperature range. We obtained metabolic profiles and reaction norms for several functional traits: egg-to-adult viability, developmental time, and heat and cold tolerance. Females were more heat tolerant than males, whereas no sexual dimorphism was found in cold tolerance. A group of metabolites, mainly free amino acids, had linear reaction norms. Several energy-carrying molecules, as well as some sugars, showed distinct inverted U-shaped norms of reaction across the thermal range, resulting in a positive correlation between metabolite intensities and egg-to-adult viability. At extreme temperatures, low levels of these metabolites were interpreted as a response characteristic of costs of homeostatic perturbations. Our results provide novel insights into a range of metabolites reported to be central for the acclimation response and suggest several new candidate metabolites. Low and high temperatures result in different adaptive physiological responses, but they also have commonalities likely to be a result of the failure to compensate for the physiological stress. We suggest that the regulation of metabolites that are tightly connected to the performance curve is important for the ability of ectotherms to cope with variation in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads F Schou
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torsten N Kristensen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Anders Pedersen
- The Swedish NMR-Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - B Göran Karlsson
- The Swedish NMR-Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | | | - Anders Malmendal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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23
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Puentes A, Granath G, Ågren J. Similarity in G matrix structure among natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata. Evolution 2016; 70:2370-2386. [PMID: 27501272 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the stability of the G matrix in natural populations is fundamental for predicting evolutionary trajectories; yet, the extent of its spatial variation and how this impacts responses to selection remain open questions. With a nested paternal half-sib crossing design and plants grown in a field experiment, we examined differences in the genetic architecture of flowering time, floral display, and plant size among four Scandinavian populations of Arabidopsis lyrata. Using a multivariate Bayesian framework, we compared the size, shape, and orientation of G matrices and assessed their potential to facilitate or constrain trait evolution. Flowering time, floral display and rosette size varied among populations and significant additive genetic variation within populations indicated potential to evolve in response to selection. Yet, some characters, including flowering start and number of flowers, may not evolve independently because of genetic correlations. Using a multivariate framework, we found few differences in the genetic architecture of traits among populations. G matrices varied mostly in size rather than shape or orientation. Differences in multivariate responses to selection predicted from differences in G were small, suggesting overall matrix similarity and shared constraints to trait evolution among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Puentes
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gustaf Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Kelly MW, DeBiasse MB, Villela VA, Roberts HL, Cecola CF. Adaptation to climate change: trade-offs among responses to multiple stressors in an intertidal crustacean. Evol Appl 2016; 9:1147-1155. [PMID: 27695522 PMCID: PMC5039327 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs may influence both physiological and evolutionary responses to co-occurring stressors, but their effects on both plastic and adaptive responses to climate change are poorly understood. To test for genetic and physiological trade-offs incurred in tolerating multiple stressors, we hybridized two populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus that were divergent for both heat and salinity tolerance. Starting in the F2 generation, we selected for increased tolerance of heat, low salinity, and high salinity in replicate lines. After five generations of selection, heat-selected lines had greater heat tolerance but lower fecundity, indicating an energetic cost to tolerance. Lines selected for increased salinity tolerance did not show evidence of adaptation to their respective environments; however, hypo-osmotic selection lines showed substantial loss of tolerance to hyperosmotic stress. Neither of the salinity selection regimes resulted in diminished heat tolerance at ambient salinity; however, simultaneous exposure to heat and hypo-osmotic stress led to decreased heat tolerance, implying a physiological trade-off in tolerance to the two stressors. When we quantified the transcriptomic response to heat and salinity stress via RNA sequencing, we observed little overlap in the stress responses, suggesting the observed synergistic effects of heat and salinity stress were driven by competing energetic demands, rather than shared stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Melissa B DeBiasse
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Vidal A Villela
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Hope L Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Colleen F Cecola
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
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25
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Heerwaarden B, Kellermann V, Sgrò CM. Limited scope for plasticity to increase upper thermal limits. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Heerwaarden
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Vanessa Kellermann
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. 3800 Australia
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26
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Stanton-Geddes J, Nguyen A, Chick L, Vincent J, Vangala M, Dunn RR, Ellison AM, Sanders NJ, Gotelli NJ, Cahan SH. Thermal reactionomes reveal divergent responses to thermal extremes in warm and cool-climate ant species. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:171. [PMID: 26934985 PMCID: PMC4776372 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The distributions of species and their responses to climate change are in part determined by their thermal tolerances. However, little is known about how thermal tolerance evolves. To test whether evolutionary extension of thermal limits is accomplished through enhanced cellular stress response (enhanced response), constitutively elevated expression of protective genes (genetic assimilation) or a shift from damage resistance to passive mechanisms of thermal stability (tolerance), we conducted an analysis of the reactionome: the reaction norm for all genes in an organism’s transcriptome measured across an experimental gradient. We characterized thermal reactionomes of two common ant species in the eastern U.S, the northern cool-climate Aphaenogaster picea and the southern warm-climate Aphaenogaster carolinensis, across 12 temperatures that spanned their entire thermal breadth. Results We found that at least 2 % of all genes changed expression with temperature. The majority of upregulation was specific to exposure to low temperatures. The cool-adapted A. picea induced expression of more genes in response to extreme temperatures than did A. carolinensis, consistent with the enhanced response hypothesis. In contrast, under high temperatures the warm-adapted A. carolinensis downregulated many of the genes upregulated in A. picea, and required more extreme temperatures to induce down-regulation in gene expression, consistent with the tolerance hypothesis. We found no evidence for a trade-off between constitutive and inducible gene expression as predicted by the genetic assimilation hypothesis. Conclusions These results suggest that increases in upper thermal limits may require an evolutionary shift in response mechanism away from damage repair toward tolerance and prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2466-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stanton-Geddes
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Data Scientist, Dealer.com, 1 Howard St, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Lacy Chick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - James Vincent
- Vermont Genetics Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mahesh Vangala
- Vermont Genetics Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01336, USA
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sara Helms Cahan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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27
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van Heerwaarden B, Malmberg M, Sgrò CM. Increases in the evolutionary potential of upper thermal limits under warmer temperatures in two rainforestDrosophilaspecies. Evolution 2016; 70:456-64. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Malmberg
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Melbourne Australia
- Department of Applied Systems Biology; La Trobe University; Bundoora 3083 Melbourne Australia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Melbourne Australia
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28
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Bahrndorff S, Gertsen S, Pertoldi C, Kristensen TN. Investigating thermal acclimation effects before and after a cold shock inDrosophila melanogasterusing behavioural assays. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Søren Gertsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
- Aalborg Zoo; Mølleparkvej 63 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
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29
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Castañeda LE, Rezende EL, Santos M. Heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura along a latitudinal gradient: Contrasting patterns between plastic and genetic responses. Evolution 2015; 69:2721-34. [PMID: 26292981 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to global warming relies on how thermal tolerances respond to increasing temperatures through plasticity or evolution. Climatic adaptation can be assessed by examining the geographic variation in thermal-related traits. We studied latitudinal patterns in heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura reared at two temperatures. We used four static stressful temperatures to estimate the thermal death time (TDT) curves, and two ramping assays with fast and slow heating rates. Thermal death time curves allow estimation of the critical thermal maximum (CT(max)), by extrapolating to the temperature that would knock down the flies almost "instantaneously," and the thermal sensitivity to increasing stressful temperatures. We found a positive latitudinal cline for CT(max), but no clinal pattern for knockdown temperatures estimated from the ramping assays. Although high-latitude populations were more tolerant to an acute heat stress, they were also more sensitive to prolonged exposure to less stressful temperatures, supporting a trade-off between acute and chronic heat tolerances. Conversely, developmental plasticity did not affect CT(max) but increased the tolerance to chronic heat exposition. The patterns observed from the TDT curves help to understand why the relationship between heat tolerance and latitude depends on the methodology used and, therefore, these curves provide a more complete and reliable measurement of heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Castañeda
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB-Chile), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. .,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Santos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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30
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Kristensen TN, Overgaard J, Lassen J, Hoffmann AA, Sgrò C. Low evolutionary potential for egg-to-adult viability inDrosophila melanogasterat high temperatures. Evolution 2015; 69:803-14. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1131 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jan Lassen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Blichers Allé 20 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Department of Zoology; Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Department of Genetics; Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne; 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Carla Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
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31
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Wallace GT, Kim TL, Neufeld CJ. Interpopulational variation in the cold tolerance of a broadly distributed marine copepod. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou041. [PMID: 27293662 PMCID: PMC4732475 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Latitudinal trends in cold tolerance have been observed in many terrestrial ectotherms, but few studies have investigated interpopulational variation in the cold physiology of marine invertebrates. Here, the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus was used as a model system to study how local adaptation influences the cold tolerance of a broadly distributed marine crustacean. Among five populations spanning 18° in latitude, the following three metrics were used to compare cold tolerance: the temperature of chill-coma onset, the chill-coma recovery time and post-freezing recovery. In comparison to copepods from warmer southern latitudes, animals from northern populations exhibited lower chill-coma onset temperatures, shorter chill-coma recovery times and faster post-freezing recovery rates. Importantly, all three metrics showed a consistent latitudinal trend, suggesting that any single metric could be used equivalently in future studies investigating latitudinal variation in cold tolerance. Our results agree with previous studies showing that populations within a single species can display strong local adaptation to spatially varying climatic conditions. Thus, accounting for local adaptation in bioclimate models will be useful for understanding how broadly distributed species like T. californicus will respond to anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T. Wallace
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Kim
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Christopher J. Neufeld
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Quest University Canada, Squamish, BC, Canada VB8 0N8
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Blackburn S, Kellmermann V, van Heerwaarden B, Sgrò CM. Evolutionary capacity of upper thermal limits: beyond single trait assessments. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1918-24. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.099184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal tolerance is an important factor influencing the distribution of ectotherms, but we still have limited understanding of the ability of species to evolve different thermal limits. Recent studies suggest that species may have limited capaity to evolve higher themal limits in response to slower, more ecologically relevant rates of warming. However these conclusions are based on univarite estimates of adaptive capacity. To test these findings within an explicitly multivariate context, we used a paternal half-sibling breeding design to estimate the multivariate evolutionary potential for upper thermal limits in Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed heat tolerance using static (basal and hardened) and ramping assays. Additive genetic variances were significantly different from zero only for the static measures of heat tolerance. Our G matrix analysis revealed that any response to selection for increased heat tolerance will largely be driven by static basal and hardened heat tolerance, with minimal contribution from ramping heat tolerance. These results suggest that the capacity to evolve upper thermal limits in nature may depend on the type of thermal stress experienced.
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