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Figueroa Á, Brante A, Cárdenas L. RNA-Seq reveals divergent gene expression between larvae with contrasting trophic modes in the poecilogonous polychaete Boccardia wellingtonensis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14997. [PMID: 34294855 PMCID: PMC8298564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychaete Boccardia wellingtonensis is a poecilogonous species that produces different larval types. Females may lay Type I capsules, in which only planktotrophic larvae are present, or Type III capsules that contain planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae as well as nurse eggs. While planktotrophic larvae do not feed during encapsulation, adelphophagic larvae develop by feeding on nurse eggs and on other larvae inside the capsules and hatch at the juvenile stage. Previous works have not found differences in the morphology between the two larval types; thus, the factors explaining contrasting feeding abilities in larvae of this species are still unknown. In this paper, we use a transcriptomic approach to study the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying the different larval trophic modes of B. wellingtonensis. By using approximately 624 million high-quality reads, we assemble the de novo transcriptome with 133,314 contigs, coding 32,390 putative proteins. We identify 5221 genes that are up-regulated in larval stages compared to their expression in adult individuals. The genetic expression profile differed between larval trophic modes, with genes involved in lipid metabolism and chaetogenesis over expressed in planktotrophic larvae. In contrast, up-regulated genes in adelphophagic larvae were associated with DNA replication and mRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Antonio Brante
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables, Universidad Católica de la Ssma, Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap-IDEAL, Valdivia, Chile
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2
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Salas-Yanquin LP, Büchner-Miranda JA, Montory JA, Pechenik JA, Cubillos VM, Matos AS, Chaparro OR. Relationship between over-crowding within egg capsules of the marine gastropod Acanthina monodon and prospects for juvenile success. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105353. [PMID: 33991938 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated development with extraembryonic yolk may lead to competition for nutrients within egg capsules. In this research, different degrees of competition among embryos in subtidal egg capsules of Acanthina monodon resulted in considerable differences in hatching size. For newly hatched juveniles, individuals hatching from less crowded egg capsules showed better survival, larger SL, higher rates of oxygen consumption, and higher rates of food consumption. However, by 28 days after hatching, the largest surviving juveniles were the best-performing individuals, regardless of the initial embryo density within the capsules. In summary, more crowded egg capsules resulted in poorer survival. These findings may help to explain the variability seen in juvenile success in some field populations; much of that variation may reflect stressful experiences that the new recruits have had during the early stages of their encapsulated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Salas-Yanquin
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Büchner-Miranda
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Montory
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - V M Cubillos
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A S Matos
- Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos do Ceará, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Pici, Fortaleza, 60455760, Brazil
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Avaca MS, Storero L, Martín P, Narvarte M. Influence of Maternal Size on Offspring Traits in a Marine Gastropod with Direct Development and without Sibling Interaction. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:95-104. [PMID: 33939943 DOI: 10.1086/713065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn most animal taxa, large mothers (or those with high nutritional status) produce large offspring, leading to a maternal size-offspring size correlation, that is, a positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size. Here, we used the natural variation in maternal size between three natural populations of Buccinanops deformis (a marine snail with direct development, nurse egg feeding, and a single embryo per egg capsule) to study maternal investment and offspring size. The main objectives were to compare offspring size and maternal investment traits within and between populations and to evaluate the relationship between maternal size and offspring size. Although not supported in every population, our results show that maternal size was positively correlated with offspring size, thus representing an example of the maternal size-offspring size correlation in a species in which there is no competition for food between capsule mates because only one embryo develops per capsule. These findings also suggest that in B. deformis larger mothers produce more offspring and provide their offspring with more resources, and that this between-population variation in offspring size is related to differences in the number of nurse eggs allocated per egg capsule and in egg capsule size. The ubiquity of the maternal size-offspring size correlation in B. deformis needs to be tested further across populations, because factors other than maternal size could influence offspring size variation in this marine gastropod.
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Ly S, Collin R. Temperature-Induced Changes in Hatching Size of a Tropical Snail Occur During Oogenesis and Can Persist for Several Weeks. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:16-22. [PMID: 33730538 DOI: 10.1086/712115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIt is accepted that temperature affects offspring size in ectotherms. However, the processes that result in temperature-induced changes are not well understood. We sought to determine when temperature changes during development induce changes in hatching size and how long hatchlings reflect the previous thermal experiences of their mother. Juveniles of the common tropical slipper snail Crepidula cf. marginalis were collected at Playa Venado, Panama; were raised in the laboratory at either 24 °C or 28 °C, temperatures experienced in nature; and were reciprocally moved between the two temperatures. In the first experiment, the animals were moved immediately after oviposition to determine whether temperatures experienced during oogenesis or embryogenesis contribute to differences in hatching size. The second experiment transplanted animals between the same two temperatures after the first brood hatched. The subsequent three broods were measured to determine how long the legacy of the first temperature persists. We found that (i) the temperature the mother experienced during oogenesis significantly affects hatching size, whereas the temperature experienced during embryogenesis does not; and (ii) hatching size is impacted for at least two broods after a change in temperature (≥17 days). These results show that hatching size is a legacy of temperatures experienced prior to oviposition and that this legacy does not persist for more than two brooding cycles. It remains unclear whether this rapid response to environmental temperature is adaptive or the result of a physiological constraint on oogenesis. Understanding the process whereby temperature influences offspring size will provide insight into the potential for organisms to respond to temperature changes and, ultimately, climate change.
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Khan MSR, Whittington CM, Thompson MB, Byrne M. Temporal pattern of offspring release and degree of parental investment in two viviparous asterinid sea stars with an overview of matrotrophy and offspring size variation in echinoderms that care for their offspring. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1764117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. R. Khan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (A08), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (A08), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. B. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (A08), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences (A08), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences (F13), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Camargo‐Cely A, Collin R. Combined effects of temperature, salinity, and diet simulating upwelling and nonupwelling seasons alter life-history characteristics of a tropical invertebrate. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14368-14378. [PMID: 31938525 PMCID: PMC6953657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upwelling is known to affect the ecology and life history of temperate nearshore organisms, and these effects are thought to be mediated by changes in temperature and food supply. However, little information is available for tropical systems. To understand how changes in the intensity of upwelling might impact marine invertebrates, we tested how factorial combinations of temperature, salinity, and phytoplankton availability affected growth and reproduction of a common intertidal snail, Crepidula cf. marginalis. We used temperatures typical of nonupwelling (29°C), moderate (26°C) and severe (23°C) upwelling, salinities typical of nonupwelling (30 ppt) and upwelling (34 ppt) and a good diet (Isochrysis) and a better diet (Isochrysis and Tetraselmis) as a proxy for increased productivity during upwelling. Overall, temperature and diet had consistent effects on body size, with better food and lower temperatures promoting larger size, as well as promoting shorter time to first reproduction. Diet had the largest effects on clutch size, with clutch size increasing with better diet. Temperature had the largest effect on offspring size and the frequency of discarded broods; offspring size decreased with increasing temperature and the frequency of discarded broods also decreased with increasing temperatures. We found no significant 3rd order interactions and few significant strong 2nd order interactions, which have often been found in similar experimental studies using stressful treatments. For this tropical slipper limpet, the effect of higher food and cooler temperatures during upwelling appears to be positive, promoting higher growth rates, larger clutch sizes, and larger offspring size suggesting that both factors likely play an important role underlying reproductive responses to upwelling. Climatic changes, like El Niño, which suppress upwelling in the Bay of Panama, appear likely to negatively impact this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Camargo‐Cely
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa AnconPanama
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of Puerto RicoRío PiedrasPuerto Rico
| | - Rachel Collin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa AnconPanama
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Chaparro OR, Cubillos VM, Montory JA, Navarro JM, Andrade-Villagrán PV. Reproductive biology of the encapsulating, brooding gastropod Crepipatella dilatata Lamarck (Gastropoda, Calyptraeidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220051. [PMID: 31335878 PMCID: PMC6650077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among calyptraeid gastropods, males become females as they get older, and egg capsules containing developing embryos are maintained beneath the mother’s shell until the encapsulated embryos hatch. Crepipatella dilatata is an interesting biological model considering that is an estuarine species and thus periodically exposed to elevated environment-physiological pressures. Presently, there is not much information about the reproductive biology and brooding parameters of this gastropod. This paper describes field and laboratory observations monitoring sex changes, brooding frequencies, sizes of brooding females, egg mass characteristics, and embryonic hatching conditions. Our findings indicate that C. dilatata is a direct-developing protandric hermaphrodite, changing from male to female when individuals were between 18 and 20 mm in shell length. At our study site in Quempillén estuary, females were found to be brooding almost continuously throughout the year, having an average maximum of 85% of simultaneous brooding, with a short rest from April through June. No relationship was found between the number of capsules per egg mass and the size of the brooding female. However, capsule size and the number of embryos and nurse eggs were strongly related to female size. The offspring hatched with an average shell length > 1 mm. About 25% of the hatched capsules were found to contain both metamorphosed (juveniles) and non-metamorphosed (veliger) individuals. The sizes of the latter were < 1000 μm. The length of hatching juveniles was inversely related to the number of individuals per capsule, which seems related to differences in the availability of nurse eggs per embryo. Although fecundity per reproductive event of this species is relatively low (maximum approx. 800 offspring per egg mass) compared with those of calyptraeid species showing mixed development, the overall reproductive potential of C. dilatata seems to be high considering that females can reproduce up to 5 times per year, protecting their encapsulated embryos from physical stresses until well-developed juveniles are released into the population, avoiding a dangerous pelagic period prior to metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R. Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Víctor M. Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Recursos Acuáticos y Costeros de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Jorge M. Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola V. Andrade-Villagrán
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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8
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Doherty-Weason D, Oyarzun FX, Vera L, Bascur M, Guzmán F, Silva F, Urzúa Á, Brante A. Role of the larval feeding morphology and digestive enzyme activity in the early development of the polychaete Boccardia wellingtonensis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6151. [PMID: 30631649 PMCID: PMC6322484 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In marine invertebrates, the modes of development at early stages are related to the type and capacity of larval feeding to achieve growth. Therefore, studying the factors that determine larval feeding strategies can help to understand the diversity of life histories and evolution of marine invertebrates. The polychaete Boccardia wellingtonensis is a poecilogonous species that encapsulates and incubates its offspring. This species produces two types of larvae: (1) larvae that do not feed within the capsule and hatch as planktotrophic larvae (indirect development), and (2) adelphophagic larvae that feed on nurse eggs and other larvae inside the capsule to hatch as advanced larvae or juveniles (direct development). Otherwise, the larval types are indistinguishable at the same stage of development. The non-apparent morphological differences between both types of larvae suggest that other factors are influencing their feeding behavior. This work studied the potential role of the activity of 19 digestive enzymes on the different feeding capacities of planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae of B. wellingtonensis. Also, differences in larval feeding structures and the larval capacity to feed from intracapsular fluid were evaluated by electron and fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that both types of larvae present similar feeding structures and had the capacity to ingest intracapsular fluid protein. Adelphophagic larvae showed overall the highest activities of digestive enzymes. Significant differences between larval types were observed in nine enzymes related to the use of internal and external nutritional sources. Given that larval feeding is closely related to larval development in species with encapsulation, this work supports that the study of the digestive enzymatic machinery of larvae may contribute to understanding the evolution of developmental modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doherty-Weason
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernanda X. Oyarzun
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luciano Vera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miguel Bascur
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabián Guzmán
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Antonio Brante
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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9
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Maboloc EA, Chan KYK. Resilience of the larval slipper limpet Crepidula onyx to direct and indirect-diet effects of ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12062. [PMID: 28935906 PMCID: PMC5608699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is known to directly impact larval physiology and development of many marine organisms. OA also affects the nutritional quality and palatability of algae, which are principal food sources for many types of planktonic larvae. This potential indirect effect of OA via trophic interactions, however, has not been fully explored. In this study, veligers of Crepidula onyx were exposed to different pH levels representing the ambient (as control) and low pH values (pH 7.7 and pH 7.3) for 14 days, and were fed with Isochrysis galbana cultured at these three respective pHs. pH, diet, nor their interactions had no effect on larval mortality. Decrease in pH alone had a significant effect on growth rate and shell size. Structural changes (increased porosity) in larval shells were also observed in the low pH treatments. Interactions between acidification and reduced diet quality promoted earlier settlement. Unlike other calcifying molluscs, this population of slipper limpets introduced to Hong Kong in 1960s appeared to be resilient to OA and decreased algal nutritional value. If this robustness observed in the laboratory applies to the field, competition with native invertebrates may intensify and this non-native snail could flourish in acidified coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaldy A Maboloc
- School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong.
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10
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Henry JQ, Lyons DC. Molluscan models: Crepidula fornicata. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 39:138-148. [PMID: 27526387 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastropod snails in the genus Crepidula have emerged as model systems for studying a metazoan super clade, the Spiralia. Recent work on one species in particular, Crepidula fornicata, has produced high-resolution cell lineage fate maps, details of morphogenetic events during gastrulation, key insights into the molecular underpinnings of early development, and the first demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the Spiralia. Furthermore, invasive species of Crepidula are a significant ecological threat, while one of these, C. fornicata, is also being harvested for food. This review highlights progress towards developing these animals as models for evolutionary, developmental, and ecological studies. Such studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of biology in a major clade of bilaterians. This information may also help us to control and cultivate these snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Henry
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Deirdre C Lyons
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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11
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Comparative Transcriptomics of Alternative Developmental Phenotypes in a Marine Gastropod. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 326:151-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Mercier A, Sun Z, Parrish CC, Hamel JF. Remarkable Shifts in Offspring Provisioning during Gestation in a Live-Bearing Cnidarian. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154051. [PMID: 27104375 PMCID: PMC4841577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals display diverse means of producing and provisioning offspring, from eggs to embryos and juveniles. While external development predominates, many forms of embryonic incubation have evolved, including placentation in mammals and a number of understudied variants in basal metazoans that could help understand evolutionary diversification. Here we studied the brooding sea anemone Aulactinia stella, using behavioural, morphological and biochemical indicators of offspring phenotype to characterize gestation and elucidate parental and sibling relationships. The pronounced variance in juvenile weight within broods was not strongly related to any of the typical external predictors (adult weight, clutch size, sampling date, environmental conditions). Lipid concentration was significantly higher in the tissues of the small juveniles than in those of large juveniles or adult, and fatty acid profiles tended to set small juveniles apart. Finally, intra-brood feeding on external resources was documented in larger juveniles. These results are consistent with ontogenetic shifts in nutrition, from vitellogenic provisioning to post-zygotic nourishment to a prenatal form of nursing upon acquisition of feeding organs, highlighting matrotrophic and conflict-driven mechanisms acting on offspring phenotype during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Mercier
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- Society for the Exploration and Valuing of the Environment (SEVE), Portugal Cove-St. Philips, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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13
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Averbuj A, Penchaszadeh PE. Reproductive biology in the South Western Atlantic genusBuccinanops(Nassariidae): the case ofBuccinanops paytensis. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2015.1115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Lesoway MP. The future of Evo-Devo: the inaugural meeting of the Pan American Society for evolutionary developmental biology. Evol Dev 2016; 18:71-7. [PMID: 26773456 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
What is the future of evolutionary developmental biology? This question and more were discussed at the inaugural meeting for the Pan American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology, held August 5-9, 2015, in Berkeley, California, USA. More than 300 participants attended the first meeting of the new society, representing the current diversity of Evo-Devo. Speakers came from throughout the Americas, presenting work using an impressive range of study systems, techniques, and approaches. Current research draws from themes including the role of gene regulatory networks, plasticity and the role of the environment, novelty, population genetics, and regeneration, using new and emerging techniques as well as traditional tools. Multiple workshops and a discussion session covered subjects both practical and theoretical, providing an opportunity for members to discuss the current challenges and future directions for Evo-Devo. The excitement and discussion generated over the course of the meeting demonstrates the current dynamism of the field, suggesting that the future of Evo-Devo is bright indeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna P Lesoway
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A-1B1.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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15
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Thomsen O, Collin R, Carrillo-Baltodano A. The effects of experimentally induced adelphophagy in gastropod embryos. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103366. [PMID: 25072671 PMCID: PMC4114838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adelphophagy, development where embryos grow large by consuming morphologically distinct nutritive embryos or their own normal siblings is widespread but uncommon among animal phyla. Among invertebrates it is particularly common in some families of marine gastropods and segmented worms, but rare or unknown in other closely related families. In calyptraeid gastropods phylogenetic analysis indicates that adelphophagy has arisen at least 9 times from species with planktotrophic larval development. This pattern of frequent parallel evolution of adelphophagy suggests that the embryos of planktotrophic species might be predisposed to evolve adelphophagy. Here we used embryos of three species of planktotrophic calyptraeids, one from each of three major genera in the family (Bostrycapulus, Crucibulum, and Crepidula), to answer the following 3 questions: (1) Can embryos of species with planktotrophic development benefit, in terms of pre-hatching growth, from the ingestion of yolk and tissue from experimentally damaged siblings? (2) Does ingestion of this material from damaged siblings increase variation in pre-hatching size? and (3) Does this experimentally induced adelphophagy alter the allometry between the velum and the shell, increasing morphological similarity to embryos of normally adelphophagic species? We found an overall increase in shell length and velum diameter when embryos feed on damaged siblings within their capsules. There was no detectable increase in variation in shell length or velum diameter, or changes in allometry. The overall effect of our treatment was small compared to the embryonic growth observed in naturally adelphophagic development. However each embryo in our experiment probably consumed less than one sibling on average, whereas natural adelphophages often each consume 10-30 or more siblings. These results suggest that the ability to consume, assimilate, and benefit from yolk and tissue of their siblings is widespread across calyptraeids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Thomsen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Collin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Laumer CE, Giribet G. Inclusive taxon sampling suggests a single, stepwise origin of ectolecithality in Platyhelminthes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Laumer
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Averbuj A, Rocha MN, Zabala S. Embryonic development and reproductive seasonality ofBuccinanops globulosus(Nassariidae) (Kiener, 1834) in Patagonia, Argentina. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2013.875949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Collin R, Starr MJ. Comparative ontogenetic changes in enzyme activity during embryonic development of calyptraeid gastropods. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2013; 225:8-17. [PMID: 24088792 DOI: 10.1086/bblv225n1p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A modification of a semi-quantitative color-based enzyme assay was used to quantify the activity of 19 enzymes (5 peptidases, 3 lipases, 3 phosphotases, and 8 carbohydrases) during five stages of development in eight species of calyptraeid gastropods. Sixteen of the 19 enzymes showed a significant effect of mode of development on the concentration of the reaction product after incubation of homogenates standardized for protein content. The overall pattern was that planktotrophs showed the highest activities, followed by adelphophages, and nonfeeding embryos, which had the lowest enzyme activities. Thirteen enzymes showed significant differences across developmental stages. Of these, eight showed a clear increase during development. Only one of the enzymes showed a sudden jump in activity between the unfed, pre-hatching stage and post-hatching stages that were fed Isochrysis galbana. In three cases, ANOVA identified two exclusive, significantly different groups of species. In naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, the measured absorbance of Crucibulum spinosum samples was significantly higher than in all of the other species. The activity of α-fucosidase in Crepipatella occulta was significantly greater than in the other seven species. Finally, the activity of β-galactosidase was significantly higher in C. occulta, Crucibulum spinosum, and Bostrycapulus calyptraeformis than in the four Crepidula species. This is the only enzyme for which there is an indication of a phylogenetic effect. Relative enzyme activities were similar to those reported for other herbivorous gastropods, with the three phosphohydrolases, four carbohydrases (β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and α-fucosidase), and leucine arylamidase showing high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Collin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama; and
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