1
|
Jiang Y, Fan M, Yang Z, Liu X, Xu Z, Liu S, Feng G, Tang S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chen S, Yang C, Law WC, Dong B, Xu G, Yong KT. Recent advances in nanotechnology approaches for non-viral gene therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6862-6892. [PMID: 36222758 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of many diseases by downregulating the expression of certain genes. The development of gene vectors as a vehicle for gene therapy has greatly facilitated the widespread clinical application of nucleic acid materials (DNA, mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA). Currently, both viral and non-viral vectors are used as delivery systems of nucleic acid materials for gene therapy. However, viral vector-based gene therapy has several limitations, including immunogenicity and carcinogenesis caused by the exogenous viral vectors. To address these issues, non-viral nanocarrier-based gene therapy has been explored for superior performance with enhanced gene stability, high treatment efficiency, improved tumor-targeting, and better biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss various non-viral vector-mediated gene therapy approaches using multifunctional biodegradable or non-biodegradable nanocarriers, including polymer-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), silica nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles and two-dimensional nanocarriers. Various strategies to construct non-viral nanocarriers based on their delivery efficiency of targeted genes will be introduced. Subsequently, we discuss the cellular uptake pathways of non-viral nanocarriers. In addition, multifunctional gene therapy based on non-viral nanocarriers is summarized, in which the gene therapy can be combined with other treatments, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We also provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological toxicity and safety of non-viral vector-based gene therapy. Finally, the present limitations and challenges of non-viral nanocarriers for gene therapy in future clinical research are discussed, to promote wider clinical applications of non-viral vector-based gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Miaozhuang Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhenxu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shikang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biqin Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Magnetofection In Vivo by Nanomagnetic Carriers Systemically Administered into the Bloodstream. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111927. [PMID: 34834342 PMCID: PMC8619128 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based technologies are rapidly expanding into many areas of biomedicine and molecular science. The unique ability of magnetic nanoparticles to respond to the magnetic field makes them especially attractive for a number of in vivo applications including magnetofection. The magnetofection principle consists of the accumulation and retention of magnetic nanoparticles carrying nucleic acids in the area of magnetic field application. The method is highly promising as a clinically efficient tool for gene delivery in vivo. However, the data on in vivo magnetofection are often only descriptive or poorly studied, insufficiently systematized, and sometimes even contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the review was to systematize and analyze the data that influence the in vivo magnetofection processes after the systemic injection of magnetic nanostructures. The main emphasis is placed on the structure and coating of the nanomagnetic vectors. The present problems and future trends of the method development are also considered.
Collapse
|
3
|
Perez JE, Fage F, Pereira D, Abou-Hassan A, Asnacios S, Asnacios A, Wilhelm C. Transient cell stiffening triggered by magnetic nanoparticle exposure. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:117. [PMID: 33902616 PMCID: PMC8074464 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions between nanoparticles and the biological environment have long been studied, with toxicological assays being the most common experimental route. In parallel, recent growing evidence has brought into light the important role that cell mechanics play in numerous cell biological processes. However, despite the prevalence of nanotechnology applications in biology, and in particular the increased use of magnetic nanoparticles for cell therapy and imaging, the impact of nanoparticles on the cells’ mechanical properties remains poorly understood. Results Here, we used a parallel plate rheometer to measure the impact of magnetic nanoparticles on the viscoelastic modulus G*(f) of individual cells. We show how the active uptake of nanoparticles translates into cell stiffening in a short time scale (< 30 min), at the single cell level. The cell stiffening effect is however less marked at the cell population level, when the cells are pre-labeled under a longer incubation time (2 h) with nanoparticles. 24 h later, the stiffening effect is no more present. Imaging of the nanoparticle uptake reveals almost immediate (within minutes) nanoparticle aggregation at the cell membrane, triggering early endocytosis, whereas nanoparticles are almost all confined in late or lysosomal endosomes after 2 h of uptake. Remarkably, this correlates well with the imaging of the actin cytoskeleton, with actin bundling being highly prevalent at early time points into the exposure to the nanoparticles, an effect that renormalizes after longer periods. Conclusions Overall, this work evidences that magnetic nanoparticle internalization, coupled to cytoskeleton remodeling, contributes to a change in the cell mechanical properties within minutes of their initial contact, leading to an increase in cell rigidity. This effect appears to be transient, reduced after hours and disappearing 24 h after the internalization has taken place.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Perez
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florian Fage
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - David Pereira
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8234, Physico-Chimie Des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, UFR 925 Physics, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, UMR 7057, CNRS & University of Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France. .,Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de la Fuente IF, Sawant SS, Tolentino MQ, Corrigan PM, Rouge JL. Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers. Front Chem 2021; 9:613209. [PMID: 33777893 PMCID: PMC7987652 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.613209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids hold immense potential in combating undruggable, gene-based diseases owing to their high programmability and relative ease of synthesis. While the delivery of this class of therapeutics has successfully entered the clinical setting, extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape efficiency, and subcellular localization. On the other hand, viruses serve as natural carriers of nucleic acids and have acquired a plethora of structures and mechanisms that confer remarkable transfection efficiency. Thus, understanding the structure and mechanism of viruses can guide the design of synthetic nucleic acid vectors. This review revisits relevant structural and mechanistic features of viruses as design considerations for efficient nucleic acid delivery systems. This article explores how viral ligand display and a metastable structure are central to the molecular mechanisms of attachment, entry, and viral genome release. For comparison, accounted for are details on the design and intracellular fate of existing nucleic acid carriers and nanostructures that share similar and essential features to viruses. The review, thus, highlights unifying themes of viruses and nucleic acid delivery systems such as genome protection, target specificity, and controlled release. Sophisticated viral mechanisms that are yet to be exploited in oligonucleotide delivery are also identified as they could further the development of next-generation nonviral nucleic acid vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica L. Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saw WS, Anasamy T, Foo YY, Kwa YC, Kue CS, Yeong CH, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Chung LY. Delivery of Nanoconstructs in Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Yee Chu Kwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Management and Science University Shah Alam Selangor 40100 Malaysia
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- School of Biosciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor's University Subang Jaya Selangor 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang T, Xu Q, Huang T, Ling D, Gao J. New Insights into Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Potential Booster of Gene Delivery to Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001588. [PMID: 32725792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery to stem cells is a critical issue of stem cells-based therapies, still facing ongoing challenges regarding efficiency and safety. Recent advances in the controlled synthesis of biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have provided a powerful nanotool for assisting gene delivery to stem cells. However, this field is still at an early stage, with well-designed and scalable IONPs synthesis highly desired. Furthermore, the potential risks or bioeffects of IONPs on stem cells are not completely figured out. Therefore, in this review, the updated researches focused on the gene delivery to stem cells using various designed IONPs are highlighted. Additionally, the impacts of the physicochemical properties of IONPs, as well as the magnetofection systems on the gene delivery performance and biocompatibility are summarized. Finally, challenges attributed to the potential impacts of IONPs on the biologic behaviors of stem cells and the large-scale productions of uniform IONPs are emphasized. The principles and challenges summarized in this review provide a general guidance for the rational design of IONPs-assisted gene delivery to stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qianhao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ting Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gharbavi M, Sharafi A, Ghanbarzadeh S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Generation of Therapeutic Agents as Vehicles in Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:269-284. [PMID: 32515309 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200607190339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new tool for therapeutic gene delivery in clinics have attracted much attention. Their advantages cover longer lifespan, better isolation, and higher transfection efficiency and proliferation rate. MSCs are the preferred approach for cell-based therapies because of their in vitro self-renewal capacity, migrating especially to tumor tissues, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, they have considerable efficiency in genetic engineering for future clinical applications in cancer gene therapy and other diseases. For improving therapeutic efficiency, targeted therapy of cancers can be achieved through the sustained release of therapeutic agents and functional gene expression induction to the intended tissues. The development of a new vector in gene therapy can improve the durability of a transgene expression. Also, the safety of the vector, if administered systemically, may resolve several problems, such as durability of expression and the host immune response. Currently, MSCs are prominent candidates as cell vehicles for both preclinical and clinical trials due to the secretion of therapeutic agents in several cancers. In the present study, we discuss the status of gene therapy in both viral and non-viral vectors along with their limitations. Throughout this study, the use of several nano-carriers for gene therapy is also investigated. Finally, we critically discuss the promising advantages of MSCs in targeted gene delivery, tumor inhibition and their utilization as the gene carriers in clinical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan,
Iran,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The ε-AlxFe2-xO3 nanomagnets as MRI contrast agents: Factors influencing transverse relaxivity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Dowaidar M, Nasser Abdelhamid H, Hällbrink M, Langel Ü, Zou X. Chitosan enhances gene delivery of oligonucleotide complexes with magnetic nanoparticles-cell-penetrating peptide. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:392-401. [PMID: 30223733 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218796623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene-based therapies, including the delivery of oligonucleotides, offer promising methods for the treatment of cancer cells. However, they have various limitations including low efficiency. Herein, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs)-conjugated chitosan-modified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (CPPs-CTS@MNPs) with high biocompatibility as well as high efficiency were tested for the delivery of oligonucleotides such as plasmid pGL3, splice correction oligonucleotides, and small-interfering RNA. A biocompatible nanocomposite, in which CTS@MNPs was incorporated in non-covalent complex with CPPs-oligonucleotide, is developed. Modifying the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with cationic chitosan-modified iron oxide improved the performance of magnetic nanoparticles-CPPs for oligonucleotide delivery. CPPs-CTS@MNPs complexes enhance oligonucleotide transfection compared to CPPs@MNPs or CPPs. The hydrophilic character of CTS@MNPs improves complexation with plasmid pGL3, splice correction oligonucleotides, and small-interfering RNA payload, which consequently resulted in not only strengthening the colloidal stability of the constructed complex but also improving their biocompatibility. Transfection using PF14-splice correction oligonucleotides-CTS@MNPs showed sixfold increase of the transfection compared to splice correction oligonucleotides-PF14 that showed higher transfection than the commercially available lipid-based vector Lipofectamine™ 2000. Nanoscaled CPPs-CTS@MNPs comprise a new family of biomaterials that can circumvent some of the limitations of CPPs or magnetic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University
| | - Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assuit University Assuit, Egypt.,3 Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ülo Langel
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- 3 Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tickle JA, Chari DM. Less is more: Investigating the influence of cellular nanoparticle load on transfection outcomes in neural cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1732-1737. [PMID: 31162797 DOI: 10.1002/term.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of cell transplant populations offers potential for delivery of neurotherapeutic factors to modify the regenerative microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. The use of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based vectors has reduced the traditional reliance on viral methods and their associated obstacles in terms of scale up and safety. Studies utilizing magnetic assistive platforms for MNP-mediated gene delivery have found transfection efficiency in astrocytes (a major transplant and homeostatic neural cell type) to be both frequency- and amplitude-dependent. It is widely assumed that increased intracellular particle load will enhance transfection efficiency in a cell population. Therefore, we tested repeat delivery of MNP:plasmid complexes in conjunction with oscillating magnetic field parameters-a process termed "magneto-multifection"-in astrocytes of primary origin in an attempt to enhance transfection levels. We show (a) levels of transfection using magneto-multifection equal that seen with viral methods; (b) reporter protein expression using two reporter plasmids shows a diverse profile of single/dual transfected cells with implications for delivery of a "cocktail" of neurotherapeutic proteins; and (c) contrary to expectation, an inverse relationship exists between particle load and reporter protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Tickle
- Neural Tissue Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Neural Tissue Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zuvin M, Kuruoglu E, Kaya VO, Unal O, Kutlu O, Yagci Acar H, Gozuacik D, Koşar A. Magnetofection of Green Fluorescent Protein Encoding DNA-Bearing Polyethyleneimine-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12366-12374. [PMID: 31460354 PMCID: PMC6682024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a developing method for the treatment of various diseases. For this purpose, the search for nonviral methods has recently accelerated to avoid toxic effects. A strong alternative method is magnetofection, which involves the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a proper organic coating and external magnetic field to enhance the localization of SPIONs at the target site. In this study, a new magnetic actuation system consisting of four rare-earth magnets on a rotary table was designed and manufactured to obtain improved magnetofection. As a model, green fluorescent protein DNA-bearing polyethyleneimine-coated SPIONs were used. Magnetofection was tested on MCF7 cells. The system reduced the transfection time (down to 1 h) of the standard polyethyleneimine transfection protocol. As a result, we showed that the system could be effectively used for gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Zuvin
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Efe Kuruoglu
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Ogulcan Kaya
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Unal
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Koc University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Koc University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Mechatronics
Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, and Center of Excellence for Functional
Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiráková K, Moskvin M, Machová Urdzíková L, Rössner P, Elzeinová F, Chudíčková M, Jirák D, Ziolkowska N, Horák D, Kubinová Š, Jendelová P. The negative effect of magnetic nanoparticles with ascorbic acid on peritoneal macrophages. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:159-170. [PMID: 30945145 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOn) are widely used as a contrast agent for cell labeling. Macrophages are the first line of defense of organisms in contact with nanoparticles after their administration. In this study we investigated the effect of silica-coated nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3-SiO2) with or without modification by an ascorbic acid (γ-Fe2O3-SiO2-ASA), which is meant to act as an antioxidative agent on rat peritoneal macrophages. Both types of nanoparticles were phagocytosed by macrophages in large amounts as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Prusian blue staining, however they did not substantially affect the viability of exposed cells in monitored intervals. We further explored cytotoxic effects related to oxidative stress, which is frequently documented in cells exposed to nanoparticles. Our analysis of double strand breaks (DSBs) marker γH2AX showed an increased number of DSBs in cells treated with nanoparticles. Nanoparticle exposure further revealed only slight changes in the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response. Lipid peroxidation, another marker of oxidative stress, was not significantly affirmed after nanoparticle exposure. Our data indicate that the effect of both types of nanoparticles on cell viability, or biomolecules such as DNA or lipids, was similar; however the presence of ascorbic acid, either bound to the nanoparticles or added to the cultivation medium, worsened the negative effect of nanoparticles in various tests performed. The attachment of ascorbic acid on the surface of nanoparticles did not have a protective effect against induced cytotoxicity, as expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Jiráková
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym Moskvin
- Department of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rössner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Elzeinová
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Chudíčková
- Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- MR-Unit, Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Ziolkowska
- MR-Unit, Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Department of Polymer Particles, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Department of Biomaterials and Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai Z, Wei J, Yu C, Han X, Qin X, Zhang C, Liao W, Li L, Huang W. Non-viral nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of microRNA therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1209-1225. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. Herein, we will present the development of the strategies for intracellular miRNAs delivery, and specially focus on the rational designed routes, their mechanisms of action, as well as potential therapeutics used in the host cells orin vivostudies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Bai
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cruz-Acuña M, Halman JR, Afonin KA, Dobson J, Rinaldi C. Magnetic nanoparticles loaded with functional RNA nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17761-17770. [PMID: 30215080 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA is now widely acknowledged not only as a multifunctional biopolymer but also as a dynamic material for constructing nanostructures with various biological functions. Programmable RNA nanoparticles (NPs) allow precise control over their formulation and activation of multiple functionalities, with the potential to self-assemble in biological systems. These attributes make them attractive for drug delivery and therapeutic applications. In the present study, we demonstrate the ability of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to deliver different types of RNA NPs functionalized with dicer substrate RNAs inside human cells. Our results show that use of functionalized RNA NPs result in statistically higher transfection efficiency compared to the use of RNA duplexes. Furthermore, we show that the nucleic acids in the MNP/RNA NP complexes are protected from nuclease degradation and that they can achieve knockdown of target protein expression, which is amplified by magnetic stimulus. The current work represents the very first report indicating that iron oxide nanoparticles may efficiently protect and deliver programmable RNA NPs to human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cruz-Acuña
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nabar GM, Winter JO, Wyslouzil BE. Nanoparticle packing within block copolymer micelles prepared by the interfacial instability method. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3324-3335. [PMID: 29652417 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial instability method has emerged as a viable approach for encapsulating high concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) within morphologically diverse micelles. In this method, transient interfacial instabilities at the surface of an emulsion droplet guide self-assembly of block co-polymers and NP encapsulants. Although used by many groups, there are no systematic investigations exploring the relationship between NP properties and micelle morphology. Here, the effect of quantum dot (QD) and superparamagnetic iron oxide NP (SPION) concentration on the shape, size, and surface deformation of initially spherical poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) micelles was examined. Multi-NP encapsulation and uniform dispersion within micelles was obtained even at low NP concentrations. Increasing NP concentration initially resulted in larger numbers of elongated micelles and cylinders with tightly-controlled diameters smaller than those of spherical micelles. Beyond a critical NP concentration, micelle formation was suppressed; the dominant morphology became densely-loaded NP structures that were coated with polymer and exhibited increased polydispersity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that NPs in densely-loaded structures can be well-ordered, with packing volume fractions of up to 24%. These effects were enhanced in magnetic composites, possibly by dipole interactions. Mechanisms governing phase transitions triggered by NP loading in the interfacial instability process were proposed. The current study helps establish and elucidate the active role played by NPs in directing block copolymer assembly in the interfacial instability process, and provides important guiding principles for the use of this approach in generating NP-loaded block copolymer composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri M Nabar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia. Major chemical methods described in this chapter are lipofection, polyfection, gold complexation, and carbon-based methods. Combination approaches to improve transfection efficiency or reduce immunological response have shown great promise in expanding the scope of non-viral gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wong
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kudr J, Haddad Y, Richtera L, Heger Z, Cernak M, Adam V, Zitka O. Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Design and Synthesis to Real World Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E243. [PMID: 28850089 PMCID: PMC5618354 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of scientific publications focusing on magnetic materials indicates growing interest in the broader scientific community. Substantial progress was made in the synthesis of magnetic materials of desired size, morphology, chemical composition, and surface chemistry. Physical and chemical stability of magnetic materials is acquired by the coating. Moreover, surface layers of polymers, silica, biomolecules, etc. can be designed to obtain affinity to target molecules. The combination of the ability to respond to the external magnetic field and the rich possibilities of coatings makes magnetic materials universal tool for magnetic separations of small molecules, biomolecules and cells. In the biomedical field, magnetic particles and magnetic composites are utilized as the drug carriers, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in magnetic hyperthermia. However, the multifunctional magnetic particles enabling the diagnosis and therapy at the same time are emerging. The presented review article summarizes the findings regarding the design and synthesis of magnetic materials focused on biomedical applications. We highlight the utilization of magnetic materials in separation/preconcentration of various molecules and cells, and their use in diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mirko Cernak
- CEPLANT R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modifications, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mazuel F, Mathieu S, Di Corato R, Bacri JC, Meylheuc T, Pellegrino T, Reffay M, Wilhelm C. Forced- and Self-Rotation of Magnetic Nanorods Assembly at the Cell Membrane: A Biomagnetic Torsion Pendulum. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701274. [PMID: 28660724 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide insight into how anisotropic nano-objects interact with living cell membranes, and possibly self-assemble, magnetic nanorods with an average size of around 100 nm × 1 µm are designed by assembling iron oxide nanocubes within a polymeric matrix under a magnetic field. The nano-bio interface at the cell membrane under the influence of a rotating magnetic field is then explored. A complex structuration of the nanorods intertwined with the membranes is observed. Unexpectedly, after a magnetic rotating stimulation, the resulting macrorods are able to rotate freely for multiple rotations, revealing the creation of a biomagnetic torsion pendulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Mazuel
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Samuel Mathieu
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Bacri
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Thierry Meylheuc
- Micalis Institute INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Myriam Reffay
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, 75205, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barnsley LC, Carugo D, Aron M, Stride E. Understanding the dynamics of superparamagnetic particles under the influence of high field gradient arrays. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2333-2360. [PMID: 28141578 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5d46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of superparamagnetic particles in magnetic drug targeting (MDT) schemes. A 3-dimensional mathematical model was developed, based on the analytical derivation of the trajectory of a magnetized particle suspended inside a fluid channel carrying laminar flow and in the vicinity of an external source of magnetic force. Semi-analytical expressions to quantify the proportion of captured particles, and their relative accumulation (concentration) as a function of distance along the wall of the channel were also derived. These were expressed in terms of a non-dimensional ratio of the relevant physical and physiological parameters corresponding to a given MDT protocol. The ability of the analytical model to assess magnetic targeting schemes was tested against numerical simulations of particle trajectories. The semi-analytical expressions were found to provide good first-order approximations for the performance of MDT systems in which the magnetic force is relatively constant over a large spatial range. The numerical model was then used to test the suitability of a range of different designs of permanent magnet assemblies for MDT. The results indicated that magnetic arrays that emit a strong magnetic force that varies rapidly over a confined spatial range are the most suitable for concentrating magnetic particles in a localized region. By comparison, commonly used magnet geometries such as button magnets and linear Halbach arrays result in distributions of accumulated particles that are less efficient for delivery. The trajectories predicted by the numerical model were verified experimentally by acoustically focusing magnetic microbeads flowing in a glass capillary channel, and optically tracking their path past a high field gradient Halbach array.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lester C Barnsley
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oscillating Magnet Array-Based Nanomagnetic Gene Transfection: A Valuable Tool for Molecular Neurobiology Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7020028. [PMID: 28336862 PMCID: PMC5333013 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To develop treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, it is critical to understand the biology and function of neurons in both normal and diseased states. Molecular studies of neurons involve the delivery of small biomolecules into cultured neurons via transfection to study genetic variants. However, as cultured primary neurons are sensitive to temperature change, stress, and shifts in pH, these factors make biomolecule delivery difficult, particularly non-viral delivery. Herein we used oscillating nanomagnetic gene transfection to successfully transfect SH-SY5Y cells as well as primary hippocampal and cortical neurons on different days in vitro. This novel technique has been used to effectively deliver genetic material into various cell types, resulting in high transfection efficiency and viability. From these observations and other related studies, we suggest that oscillating nanomagnetic gene transfection is an effective method for gene delivery into hard-to-transfect neuronal cell types.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zahraei M, Marciello M, Lazaro-Carrillo A, Villanueva A, Herranz F, Talelli M, Costo R, Monshi A, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Amirnasr M, Behdadfar B, Morales MP. Versatile theranostics agents designed by coating ferrite nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:255702. [PMID: 27184442 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/25/255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three biocompatible polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dextran and chitosan, have been used in this work to control the colloidal stability of magnetic nanoparticles (14 ± 5 nm in diameter) and to vary the aggregation state in order to study their effect on relaxometric and heating properties. Two different coating strategies have been deeply developed; one based on the formation of an amide bond between citric acid coated nanoparticles (NPs) and amine groups present on the polymer surface and the other based on the NP encapsulation. Relaxometric properties revealed that proton relaxation rates strongly depend on the coating layer hydrophilicity and the aggregation state of the particles due to the presence of magnetic interactions. Thus, while PEG coating reduces particle aggregation by increasing inter-particle spacing leading to reduction of both T1 and T2 relaxation, dextran and chitosan lead to an increase mainly in T2 values due to the aggregation of particles in bigger clusters where they are in close contact. Dextran and chitosan coated NPs have also shown a remarkable heating effect during the application of an alternating magnetic field. They have proved to be potential candidates as theranostic agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, cytotoxicity of PEG conjugated NPs, which seem to be ideal for intravenous administration because of their small hydrodynamic size, was investigated resulting in high cell viability even at 0.2 mg Fe ml(-1) after 24 h of incubation. This suspension can be used as drug/biomolecule carrier for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zahraei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang J, Li Y, Orza A, Lu Q, Guo P, Wang L, Yang L, Mao H. Magnetic Nanoparticle Facilitated Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy with Targeted and Image-Guided Approaches. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3818-3836. [PMID: 27790080 PMCID: PMC5077153 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in nanomedicine, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a promising theranostic tool in biomedical applications, including diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and novel therapeutics. Significant preclinical and clinical research has explored their functionalization, targeted delivery, controllable drug release and image-guided capabilities. To further develop MNPs for theranostic applications and clinical translation in the future, we attempt to provide an overview of the recent advances in the development and application of MNPs for drug delivery, specifically focusing on the topics concerning the importance of biomarker targeting for personalized therapy and the unique magnetic and contrast-enhancing properties of theranostic MNPs that enable image-guided delivery. The common strategies and considerations to produce theranostic MNPs and incorporate payload drugs into MNP carriers are described. The notable examples are presented to demonstrate the advantages of MNPs in specific targeting and delivering under image guidance. Furthermore, current understanding of delivery mechanisms and challenges to achieve efficient therapeutic efficacy or diagnostic capability using MNP-based nanomedicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anamaria Orza
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zohra FT, Medved M, Lazareva N, Polyak B. Functional behavior and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeting vascular stents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1391-406. [PMID: 25996117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess functional competence and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-loaded primary endothelial cells (ECs) as potential cell-based therapy vectors. MATERIALS & METHODS A quantitative tube formation, nitric oxide and adhesion assays were conducted to assess functional potency of the MNP-loaded ECs. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to profile genes in both MNP-loaded at static conditions and in vitro targeted ECs. RESULTS Functional behavior of MNP-loaded and unloaded cells was comparable. MNPs induce expression of genes involved in EC growth and survival, while repress genes involved in coagulation. CONCLUSION MNPs do not adversely affect cellular function. Gene expression indicates that targeting MNP-loaded ECs to vascular stents may potentially stimulate re-endothelialization of an implant and attenuate neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Zohra
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mikhail Medved
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nina Lazareva
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu JY, Zeng X, Qin SY, Wan SS, Jia HZ, Zhuo RX, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Acidity-responsive gene delivery for “superfast” nuclear translocation and transfection with high efficiency. Biomaterials 2016; 83:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Tickle JA, Jenkins SI, Polyak B, Pickard MR, Chari DM. Endocytotic potential governs magnetic particle loading in dividing neural cells: studying modes of particle inheritance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:345-58. [PMID: 26785794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To achieve high and sustained magnetic particle loading in a proliferative and endocytotically active neural transplant population (astrocytes) through tailored magnetite content in polymeric iron oxide particles. MATERIALS & METHODS MPs of varying magnetite content were applied to primary-derived rat cortical astrocytes ± static/oscillating magnetic fields to assess labeling efficiency and safety. RESULTS Higher magnetite content particles display high but safe accumulation in astrocytes, with longer-term label retention versus lower/no magnetite content particles. Magnetic fields enhanced loading extent. Dynamic live cell imaging of dividing labeled astrocytes demonstrated that particle distribution into daughter cells is predominantly 'asymmetric'. CONCLUSION These findings could inform protocols to achieve efficient MP loading into neural transplant cells, with significant implications for post-transplantation tracking/localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Tickle
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stuart I Jenkins
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery & Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mark R Pickard
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kiliç G, Costa C, Fernández-Bertólez N, Pásaro E, Teixeira JP, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V. In vitro toxicity evaluation of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in human SHSY5Y neuronal cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:235-247. [PMID: 30090340 PMCID: PMC6061951 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have been widely used in biomedical applications, for both diagnosis and therapy, due to their unique magnetic properties. They are intensively explored in neuromedicine mostly because of their ability to cross the blood brain barrier. Hence, their potential harmful effects on neuronal cells need to be carefully assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of silica-coated ION (S-ION) (10-200 μg ml-1) on human neuronal SHSY5Y cells. Alterations in the cell cycle, cell death by apoptosis or necrosis, and membrane integrity were assessed as cytotoxicity parameters. Genotoxicity was determined by a γH2AX assay, a micronucleus (MN) test, and a comet assay. Complementarily, possible effects on DNA damage repair were also analysed by means of a DNA repair competence assay. All analyses were performed in complete and serum-free cell culture media. Iron ion release from the nanoparticles was notable only in complete medium. Despite being effectively internalized by the neuronal cells, S-ION presented in general low cytotoxicity; positive results were only obtained in some assays at the highest concentrations and/or the longest exposure time tested (24 h). Genotoxicity evaluations in serum-free medium were negative for all conditions assayed; in complete medium, dose and time-dependent increase in DNA damage not related to the production of double strand breaks or chromosome loss (according to the results of the γH2AX assay and MN test), was obtained. The presence of serum slightly influenced the behaviour of S-ION; further studies to investigate the formation of a protein corona and its role in nanoparticle toxicity are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Kiliç
- DICOMOSA Group , Department of Psychology , Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Research Services Building , Campus Elviña s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 981167000
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of A Coruña , Faculty of Sciences , Campus A Zapateira s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health , Portuguese National Institute of Health , Rua Alexandre Herculano 321 , Porto 4000-055 , Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health , University of Porto , Rua das Taipas no. 135 , Porto 4050-600 , Portugal
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- DICOMOSA Group , Department of Psychology , Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Research Services Building , Campus Elviña s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 981167000
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of A Coruña , Faculty of Sciences , Campus A Zapateira s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- DICOMOSA Group , Department of Psychology , Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Research Services Building , Campus Elviña s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 981167000
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health , Portuguese National Institute of Health , Rua Alexandre Herculano 321 , Porto 4000-055 , Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health , University of Porto , Rua das Taipas no. 135 , Porto 4050-600 , Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- DICOMOSA Group , Department of Psychology , Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Research Services Building , Campus Elviña s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 981167000
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group , Department of Psychology , Area of Psychobiology , Universidade da Coruña , Research Services Building , Campus Elviña s/n , 15071-A Coruña , Spain . ; ; Tel: +34 981167000
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hudson R. Coupling the magnetic and heat dissipative properties of Fe3O4 particles to enable applications in catalysis, drug delivery, tissue destruction and remote biological interfacing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As interest in nanomaterials continues to grow, and the scope of their applications widens, one subset of materials has set itself apart: magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry
- Colby College
- Waterville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vernon MM, Dean DA, Dobson J. DNA Targeting Sequence Improves Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Plasmid DNA Transfection Efficiency in Model Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19369-86. [PMID: 26287182 PMCID: PMC4581301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient non-viral plasmid DNA transfection of most stem cells, progenitor cells and primary cell lines currently presents an obstacle for many applications within gene therapy research. From a standpoint of efficiency and cell viability, magnetic nanoparticle-based DNA transfection is a promising gene vectoring technique because it has demonstrated rapid and improved transfection outcomes when compared to alternative non-viral methods. Recently, our research group introduced oscillating magnet arrays that resulted in further improvements to this novel plasmid DNA (pDNA) vectoring technology. Continued improvements to nanomagnetic transfection techniques have focused primarily on magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) functionalization and transfection parameter optimization: cell confluence, growth media, serum starvation, magnet oscillation parameters, etc. Noting that none of these parameters can assist in the nuclear translocation of delivered pDNA following MNP-pDNA complex dissociation in the cell’s cytoplasm, inclusion of a cassette feature for pDNA nuclear translocation is theoretically justified. In this study incorporation of a DNA targeting sequence (DTS) feature in the transfecting plasmid improved transfection efficiency in model neurons, presumably from increased nuclear translocation. This observation became most apparent when comparing the response of the dividing SH-SY5Y precursor cell to the non-dividing and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Vernon
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - David A Dean
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jon Dobson
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
- Institute for Cell Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (ICERM), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The scientific disciplines that encompass medical therapy and diagnostics, in a continuing transition to personalized medicine, have found a valuable tool in the emerging field of nanotechnology. New nanotools are now enabling discoveries and advancements that form the foundation of what has become known collectively as nanomedicine. The global impact of these advancements are being seen in areas of advanced/improved early stage diagnostics, targeted drug delivery systems and imaging methods, all leading to more effective diagnostic/therapeutic strategies and outcomes. This review focuses on recent patent advancements in this transition with emphasis on the emerging role of magnetic nanovectors as enabling tools for the enhanced effectiveness of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, considering its historical progression and future impact.
Collapse
|
31
|
Oral O, Cıkım T, Zuvin M, Unal O, Yagci-Acar H, Gozuacik D, Koşar A. Effect of Varying Magnetic Fields on Targeted Gene Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Molecules. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2816-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
32
|
Iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetically-guided and magnetically-responsive drug delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8070-101. [PMID: 25867479 PMCID: PMC4425068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the recent advances in and problems with the use of magnetically-guided and magnetically-responsive nanoparticles in drug delivery and magnetofection. In magnetically-guided nanoparticles, a constant external magnetic field is used to transport magnetic nanoparticles loaded with drugs to a specific site within the body or to increase the transfection capacity. Magnetofection is the delivery of nucleic acids under the influence of a magnetic field acting on nucleic acid vectors that are associated with magnetic nanoparticles. In magnetically-responsive nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles are encapsulated or embedded in a larger colloidal structure that carries a drug. In this last case, an alternating magnetic field can modify the structure of the colloid, thereby providing spatial and temporal control over drug release.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tickle JA, Jenkins SI, Pickard MR, Chari DM. Influence of Amplitude of Oscillating Magnetic Fields on Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Transfer to Astrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984414500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are emerging as a major nanoplatform for regenerative neurology, particularly as transfection agents for gene delivery. Magnetic assistive technology, particularly the recent innovation of applied oscillating magnetic fields, can significantly enhance MNP-mediated gene transfer to neural cells. While transfection efficiency varies with oscillation frequency in various neural cell types, the influence of oscillation amplitude has not yet been investigated. We have addressed this issue using cortical astrocytes that were transfected using MNPs functionalized with plasmid encoding a reporter protein. Cells were exposed to a range of oscillation amplitudes (100–1000 μm), using a fixed oscillation frequency of 1 Hz. No significant differences were found in the proportions of transfected cells at the amplitudes tested, but GFP-related optical density measurements (indicative of reporter protein expression) were significantly enhanced at 200 μm. Safety data show no amplitude-dependent toxicity. Our data suggest that the amplitude of oscillating magnetic fields influences MNP-mediated transfection, and a tailored combination of amplitude and frequency may further enhance transgene expression. Systematic testing of these parameters in different neural subtypes will enable the development of a database of neuro-magnetofection protocols — an area of nanotechnology research where little information currently exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Tickle
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stuart I. Jenkins
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark R. Pickard
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Divya M. Chari
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Valdiglesias V, Kiliç G, Costa C, Fernández-Bertólez N, Pásaro E, Teixeira JP, Laffon B. Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:125-48. [PMID: 25209650 DOI: 10.1002/em.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) with superparamagnetic properties hold great promise for use in various biomedical applications; specific examples include use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, in targeted drug delivery, and for induced hyperthermia cancer treatments. Increasing potential applications raise concerns over their potential effects on human health. Nevertheless, very little is currently known about the toxicity associated with exposure to these nanoparticles at different levels of biological organization. This article provides an overview of recent studies evaluating ION cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity. Although the results of these studies are sometimes controversial, they generally indicate that surface coatings and particle size seem to be crucial for the observed ION-induced effects, as they are critical determinants of cellular responses and intensity of effects, and influence potential mechanisms of toxicity. The studies also suggest that some ION are safe for certain biomedical applications, while other uses need to be considered more carefully. Overall, the available studies provide insufficient evidence to fully assess the potential risks for human health related to ION exposure. Additional research in this area is required including studies on potential long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nandwana V, De M, Chu S, Jaiswal M, Rotz M, Meade TJ, Dravid VP. Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures (MNS) for Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2015; 166:51-83. [PMID: 25895864 PMCID: PMC4494108 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the complexities of cancer, remarkable diagnostic and therapeutic advances have been made during the past decade, which include improved genetic, molecular, and nanoscale understanding of the disease. Physical science and engineering, and nanotechnology in particular, have contributed to these developments through out-of-the-box ideas and initiatives from perspectives that are far removed from classical biological and medicinal aspects of cancer. Nanostructures, in particular, are being effectively utilized in sensing/diagnostics of cancer while nanoscale carriers are able to deliver therapeutic cargo for timed and controlled release at localized tumor sites. Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have especially attracted considerable attention of researchers to address cancer diagnostics and therapy. A significant part of the promise of MNS lies in their potential for "theranostic" applications, wherein diagnostics makes use of the enhanced localized contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while therapy leverages the ability of MNS to heat under external radio frequency (RF) field for thermal therapy or use of thermal activation for release of therapy cargo. In this chapter, we report some of the key developments in recent years in regard to MNS as potential theranostic carriers. We describe that the r₂relaxivity of MNS can be maximized by allowing water (proton) diffusion in the vicinity of MNS by polyethylene glycol (PEG) anchoring, which also facilitates excellent fluidic stability in various media and extended in vivo circulation while maintaining high r₂values needed for T₂-weighted MRI contrast. Further, the specific absorption rate (SAR) required for thermal activation of MNS can be tailored by controlling composition and size of MNS. Together, emerging MNS show considerable promise to realize theranostic potential. We discuss that properly functionalized MNS can be designed to provide remarkable in vivo stability and accompanying pharmacokinetics exhibit organ localization that can be tailored for specific applications. In this context, even iron-based MNS show extended circulation as well as diverse organ accumulation beyond liver, which otherwise renders MNS potentially toxic to liver function. We believe that MNS, including those based on iron oxides, have entered a renaissance era where intelligent synthesis, functionalization, stabilization, and targeting provide ample evidence for applications in localized cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Nandwana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fouriki A, Dobson J. Oscillating magnet array-based nanomagnetic gene transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:989-97. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this work, the potential of nanomagnetic transfection of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the effects of a novel nonviral oscillating magnet array system in enhancing transfection efficiency were investigated. Materials & methods: Green fluorescent protein plasmids coupled to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were introduced onto hMSCs in culture. Magnetic fields generated by arrays of neodymium iron boron magnets positioned below the culture plates direct the MNP/DNA complexes into contact with the cells. The magnet arrays were oscillated, promoting more efficient endocytosis via mechanical stimulation. Green fluorescent protein expression, cell viability and stem cell surface markers were assayed. Results: MNP/DNA complexes were delivered into hMSCs, and the oscillating magnet array system appears to improve transfection efficiency as well as cell viability. The expression of hMSC-specific cell surface markers was unaffected. Conclusion: Nonviral transfection using MNPs and oscillating magnet arrays offers a more efficient and ‘cell-friendly’ method of transfecting hMSCs than other nonviral techniques, while preserving their stem cell characteristics. Original submitted 8 March 2012; Revised submitted 12 February 2013
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Fouriki
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Jon Dobson
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, & the Institute for Cell Engineering & Regenerative Medicine University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Das M, Wang C, Bedi R, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Magnetic micelles for DNA delivery to rat brains after mild traumatic brain injury. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1539-48. [PMID: 24486465 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant mortality, long term disability and psychological symptoms. Gene therapy is a promising approach for treatment of different pathological conditions. Here we tested chitosan and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated magnetic micelles (CP-mag micelles or CPMMs), a potential MRI contrast agent, to deliver a reporter DNA to the brain after mild TBI (mTBI). CPMM-tomato plasmid (ptd) conjugate expressing a red-fluorescent protein (RFP) was administered intranasally immediately after mTBI or sham surgery in male SD rats. Evans blue extravasation following mTBI suggested CPMM-ptd entry into the brain via the compromised blood-brain barrier. Magnetofection increased the concentration of CPMMs in the brain. RFP expression was observed in the brain (cortex and hippocampus), lung and liver 48 h after mTBI. CPMM did not evoke any inflammatory response by themselves and were excreted from the body. These results indicate the possibility of using intranasally administered CPMM as a theranostic vehicle for mTBI. From the clinical editor: In this study, chitosan and PEI-coated magnetic micelles (CPMM) were demonstrated as potentially useful vehicles in traumatic brain injury in a rodent model. Magnetofection increased the concentration of CPMMs in the brain and, after intranasal delivery, CPMM did not evoke any inflammatory response and were excreted from the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Das
- USF Morsani College of Medicine, Nanomedicine Research Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- USF Morsani College of Medicine, Nanomedicine Research Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Raminder Bedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- USF Morsani College of Medicine, Nanomedicine Research Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- USF Morsani College of Medicine, Nanomedicine Research Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
de Saint Victor M, Crake C, Coussios CC, Stride E. Properties, characteristics and applications of microbubbles for sonothrombolysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:187-209. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.868434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
39
|
Tang-Schomer MD, Davies P, Graziano D, Thurber AE, Kaplan DL. Neural circuits with long-distance axon tracts for determining functional connectivity. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 222:82-90. [PMID: 24216177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cortical circuitry in the brain consists of structurally and functionally distinct neuronal assemblies with reciprocal axon connections. To generate cell culture-based systems that emulate axon tract systems of an in vivo neural network, we developed a living neural circuit consisting of compartmentalized neuronal populations connected by arrays of two millimeter-long axon tracts that are integrated on a planar multi-electrode array (MEA). The millimeter-scale node-to-node separation allows for pharmacological and electrophysiological manipulations to simultaneously target multiple neuronal populations. The results show controlled selectivity of dye absorption by neurons in different compartments. MEA-transmitted electrical stimulation of targeted neurons shows ∼46% increase of intracellular calcium levels with 20 Hz stimulation, but ∼22% decrease with 2k Hz stimulation. The unique feature of long distance axons promotes in vivo-like fasciculation. These axon tracts are determined to be inhibitory afferents by showing increased action potential firing of downstream node upon selective application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to the upstream node. Together, this model demonstrates integrated capabilities for assessing multiple endpoints including axon tract tracing, calcium influx, network architecture and activities. This system can be used as a multi-functional platform for studying axon tract-associated CNS disorders in vitro, such as diffuse axonal injury after brain trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min D Tang-Schomer
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Paul Davies
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Daniel Graziano
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Amy E Thurber
- Tufts University, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Subramanian M, Lim J, Dobson J. Enhanced nanomagnetic gene transfection of human prenatal cardiac progenitor cells and adult cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69812. [PMID: 23936108 PMCID: PMC3729560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle-based gene transfection has been shown to be an effective, non-viral technique for delivery of both plasmid DNA and siRNA into cells in culture. It has several advantages over other non-viral delivery techniques, such as short transfection times and high cell viability. These advantages have been demonstrated in a number of primary cells and cell lines. Here we report that oscillating magnet array-based nanomagnetic transfection significantly improves transfection efficiency in both human prenatal cardiac progenitor cells and adult cardiomyocytes when compared to static magnetofection, cationic lipid reagents and electroporation, while maintaining high cell viability. In addition, transfection of adult cardiomyocytes was improved further by seeding the cells onto Collagen I-coated plates, with transfection efficiencies of up to 49% compared to 24% with lipid reagents and 19% with electroporation. These results demonstrate that oscillating nanomagnetic transfection far outperforms other non-viral transfection techniques in these important cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Subramanian
- nanoTherics Limited, Keele University Science and Business Park, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jenson Lim
- nanoTherics Limited, Keele University Science and Business Park, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zheng SW, Huang M, Hong RY, Deng SM, Cheng LF, Gao B, Badami D. RGD-conjugated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement and hyperthermia. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1051-9. [PMID: 23796630 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213493486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a specific targeting magnetic nanoparticle probe for magnetic resonance imaging and therapy in the form of local hyperthermia. Carboxymethyl dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with carboxyl groups were coupled to cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic peptides for integrin α(v)β₃ targeting. The particle size, magnetic properties, heating effect, and stability of the arginine-glycine-aspartic-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide were measured. The arginine-glycine-aspartic-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide demonstrates excellent stability and fast magneto-temperature response. Magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of Bcap37 cells incubated with arginine-glycine-aspartic-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide was significantly decreased compared with that incubated with plain ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. The preferential uptake of arginine-glycine-aspartic-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide by target cells was further confirmed by Prussian blue staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Zheng
- 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, SIP, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jenkins SI, Pickard MR, Furness DN, Yiu HHP, Chari DM. Differences in magnetic particle uptake by CNS neuroglial subclasses: implications for neural tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:951-68. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze magnetic particle uptake and intracellular processing by the four main non-neuronal subclasses of the CNS: oligodendrocyte precursor cells; oligodendrocytes; astrocytes; and microglia. Materials & methods: Magnetic particle uptake and processing were studied in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, and the results collated with previous data from rat microglia and astrocyte studies. All cells were derived from primary mixed glial cultures. Results: Significant intercellular differences were observed between glial subtypes: microglia demonstrate the most rapid/extensive particle uptake, followed by astrocytes, with oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes showing significantly lower uptake. Ultrastructural analyses suggest that magnetic particles are extensively degraded in microglia, but relatively stable in other cells. Conclusion: Intercellular differences in particle uptake and handling exist between the major neuroglial subtypes. This has important implications for the utility of the magnetic particle platform for neurobiological applications including genetic modification, transplant cell labeling and biomolecule delivery to mixed CNS cell populations. Original submitted 23 March 2012; Revised submitted 24 July 2012; Published online 22 November 2012
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart I Jenkins
- Cellular & Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark R Pickard
- Cellular & Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David N Furness
- Cellular & Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Humphrey HP Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Cellular & Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schade A, Delyagina E, Scharfenberg D, Skorska A, Lux C, David R, Steinhoff G. Innovative strategy for microRNA delivery in human mesenchymal stem cells via magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10710-26. [PMID: 23702843 PMCID: PMC3709698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) show promising potential in regeneration of defective tissue. Recently, gene silencing strategies using microRNAs (miR) emerged with the aim to expand the therapeutic potential of hMSCs. However, researchers are still searching for effective miR delivery methods for clinical applications. Therefore, we aimed to develop a technique to efficiently deliver miR into hMSCs with the help of a magnetic non-viral vector based on cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) bound to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). We tested different magnetic complex compositions and determined uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity by flow cytometry. Additionally, we monitored the release, processing and functionality of delivered miR-335 with confocal laser scanning microscopy, real-time PCR and live cell imaging, respectively. On this basis, we established parameters for construction of magnetic non-viral vectors with optimized uptake efficiency (~75%) and moderate cytotoxicity in hMSCs. Furthermore, we observed a better transfection performance of magnetic complexes compared to PEI complexes 72 h after transfection. We conclude that MNP-mediated transfection provides a long term effect beneficial for successful genetic modification of stem cells. Hence, our findings may become of great importance for future in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schade
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Sensenig R, Sapir Y, MacDonald C, Cohen S, Polyak B. Magnetic nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy and enhance tissue regeneration in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1425-42. [PMID: 22994959 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic-based systems utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic field gradient to exert a force on these particles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This review is focused on drug targeting applications that require penetration of a cellular barrier as well as strategies to improve the efficacy of targeting in these biomedical applications. Another focus of this review is regenerative applications utilizing tissue engineered scaffolds prepared with the aid of magnetic particles, the use of remote actuation for release of bioactive molecules and magneto-mechanical cell stimulation, cell seeding and cell patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, PA 19102, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nanomagnetic Gene Transfection for Non-Viral Gene Delivery in NIH 3T3 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2013; 6:255-264. [PMID: 28809306 PMCID: PMC5452119 DOI: 10.3390/ma6010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the potential of oscillating nanomagnetic gene transfection systems (magnefect-nano™) for improving the transfection efficiency of NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in comparison to other non-viral transfection techniques-static magnetofection™ and the cationic lipid agent, Lipofectamine 2000™. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) associated with the plasmid coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to transfect NIH3T3 cells. The magnefect-nano system was evaluated for transfection efficiency, and any potential associated effects on cell viability were investigated. MNPs associated with the plasmid coding for GFP were efficiently delivered into NIH3T3 cells, and the magnefect-nano system significantly enhanced overall transfection efficiency in comparison to lipid-mediated gene delivery. MNP dosage used in this work was not found to affect the cell viability and/or morphology of the cells. Non-viral transfection using MNPs and the magnefect-nano system can be used to transfect NIH3T3 cells and direct reporter gene delivery, highlighting the wide potential of nanomagnetic gene transfection in gene therapy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Xie L, Jiang W, Nie Y, He Y, Jiang Q, Lan F, Wu Y, Gu Z. Low aggregation magnetic polyethyleneimine complexes with different saturation magnetization for efficient gene transfection in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Lim J, Clements MA, Dobson J. Delivery of short interfering ribonucleic acid-complexed magnetic nanoparticles in an oscillating field occurs via caveolae-mediated endocytosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51350. [PMID: 23236481 PMCID: PMC3517400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery technologies to introduce foreign genes into highly differentiated mammalian cells have improved significantly over the last few decades. Relatively new techniques such as magnetic nanoparticle-based gene transfection technology are showing great promise in terms of its high transfection efficiency and wide-ranging research applications. We have developed a novel gene delivery technique, which uses magnetic nanoparticles moving under the influence of an oscillating magnetic array. Herein we successfully introduced short interfering RNA (siRNA) against green fluorescent protein (GFP) or actin into stably-transfected GFP-HeLa cells or wild-type HeLa and rat aortic smooth muscle cells, respectively. This gene silencing technique occurred in a dose- and cell density- dependent manner, as reflected using fluorescence intensity and adhesion assays. Furthermore, using endocytosis inhibitors, we established that these magnetic nanoparticle-nucleic acid complexes, moving across the cell surface under the influence of an oscillating magnet array, enters into the cells via the caveolae-mediated endocytic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenson Lim
- nanoTherics Limited, Med IC4, Keele University Science and Business Park, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael A. Clements
- nanoTherics Limited, Med IC4, Keele University Science and Business Park, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ICERM), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mok H, Zhang M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-based delivery systems for biotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012. [PMID: 23199200 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.747507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-based carrier systems have many advantages over other nanoparticle-based systems. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, facilely tunable and superparamagnetic and thus controllable by an external magnetic field. These attributes enable their broad biomedical applications. In particular, magnetically driven carriers are drawing considerable interest as an emerging therapeutic delivery system because of their superior delivery efficiency. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the recent advances in use of SPION-based carrier systems to improve the delivery efficiency and target specificity of biotherapeutics. The authors examine various formulations of SPION-based delivery systems, including SPION micelles, clusters, hydrogels, liposomes and micro/nanospheres, as well as their specific applications in delivery of biotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Recently, biotherapeutics including therapeutic cells, proteins and genes have been studied as alternative treatments to various diseases. Despite the advantages of high target specificity and low adverse effects, clinical translation of biotherapeutics has been hindered by the poor stability and low delivery efficiency compared with chemical drugs. Accordingly, biotherapeutic delivery systems that can overcome these limitations are actively pursued. SPION-based materials can be ideal candidates for developing such delivery systems because of their excellent biocompatibility and superparamagnetism that enables long-term accumulation/retention at target sites by utilization of a suitable magnet. In addition, synthesis technologies for production of finely tuned, homogeneous SPIONs have been well developed, which may promise their rapid clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Mok
- Konkuk University, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
LIM JENSON, DOBSON JON. Improved transfection of HUVEC and MEF cells using DNA complexes with magnetic nanoparticles in an oscillating field. J Genet 2012; 91:223-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|