1
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Groeneveld JD, Pokhrel S, Mädler L. Flame emission spectroscopy of single droplet micro explosions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:956-967. [PMID: 38742382 PMCID: PMC11135609 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit superior physical and chemical properties, making them highly desirable for various applications. Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a versatile technique for synthesizing size and composition-controlled metal oxide/sulfide nanoparticles through a gas-phase reaction. To understand the fundamental mechanisms governing nanoparticle formation in FSP, simplified single-droplet experiments have proven to unravel the physicochemical mechanisms of liquid metal precursor combustions. This work introduces a novel method using flame emission spectroscopy and high-speed imaging to analyze combustion species and metal release during metalorganic single droplet combustions, with the example of the 2-ethylhexanoci acid (EHA)-tetrahydrothiophene (THT)-mesitylcopper (MiCu) precursor system. The method enables the tracing of precursor components released from droplet into the flame by spatial and temporal resolved emission tracking from combustion species (OH*, CH*, C2*, CS*, CS2*) and atomic spectral lines (Cu I). The tracking of metal emission enables the direct observation of the particle formation route, offering novel insights into the metalorganic precursor combustions. The findings of this work show a direct correlation between micro-explosions and nanoparticle formation through the gas-to-particle route. The release of copper emissions is observed with the micro-explosion event, marking the micro-explosions as the critical mechanism for the metal release and subsequent nanoparticle formation during the combustion process. The results indicate a metalorganic viscous shell formation (THT + MiCu) leading to the micro explosion. The EHA/THT ratio significantly affects the combustion behavior. Lower ratios lead to a gradual copper release before the micro explosion; higher ratios shorten the copper release and delay the micro explosion - the highest ratio results in two distinct burning stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Derk Groeneveld
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postfach 330 440, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postfach 330 440, Germany
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2
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Abideen ZU, Arifeen WU, Tricoli A. Advances in flame synthesis of nano-scale architectures for chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7752-7785. [PMID: 38563193 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), a key technique under the broader category of flame aerosol synthesis, is being increasingly explored for the design of advanced miniaturized sensor architectures with applications including chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing. This review provides an overview of the advantages of FSP for the fabrication of nanostructured materials for sensing, delving into synthesis strategies and material structures that meet the increasing demands for miniaturized sensor devices. We focus on the fundamentals of FSP, discussing reactor configurations and how process parameters such as precursor compositions, flow rates, and temperature influence nanoparticle characteristics and their sensing performance. A detailed analysis of nanostructures, compositions, and morphologies made by FSP and their applications in chemical, chemiresistive, plasmonic, biosensing, and light sensing is presented. This review identifies the challenges and opportunities of FSP, exploring current limitations and potential improvements for industrial translation. We conclude by highlighting future research directions aiming to establish guidelines for the flame-based design of nano-scale sensing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Abideen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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3
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D'Andria M, Krumeich F, Yao Z, Wang FR, Güntner AT. Structure-Function Relationship of Highly Reactive CuO x Clusters on Co 3 O 4 for Selective Formaldehyde Sensing at Low Temperatures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308224. [PMID: 38143268 PMCID: PMC10933674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Designing reactive surface clusters at the nanoscale on metal-oxide supports enables selective molecular interactions in low-temperature catalysis and chemical sensing. Yet, finding effective material combinations and identifying the reactive site remains challenging and an obstacle for rational catalyst/sensor design. Here, the low-temperature oxidation of formaldehyde with CuOx clusters on Co3 O4 nanoparticles is demonstrated yielding an excellent sensor for this critical air pollutant. When fabricated by flame-aerosol technology, such CuOx clusters are finely dispersed, while some Cu ions are incorporated into the Co3 O4 lattice enhancing thermal stability. Importantly, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction in H2 identified Cu+ and Cu2+ species in these clusters as active sites. Remarkably, the Cu+ surface concentration correlated with the apparent activation energy of formaldehyde oxidation (Spearman's coefficient ρ = 0.89) and sensor response (0.96), rendering it a performance descriptor. At optimal composition, such sensors detected even the lowest formaldehyde levels of 3 parts-per-billion (ppb) at 75°C, superior to state-of-the-art sensors. Also, selectivity to other aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and inorganic compounds, robustness to humidity and stable performance over 4 weeks are achieved, rendering such sensors promising as gas detectors in health monitoring, air and food quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo D'Andria
- Human‐centered Sensing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH ZurichZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
| | - Zhangyi Yao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Feng Ryan Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | - Andreas T. Güntner
- Human‐centered Sensing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
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4
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Oosthuizen DN, Weber IC. A Strategy to Enhance Humidity Robustness of p‐Type CuO Sensors for Breath Acetone Quantification. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dina N. Oosthuizen
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ines C. Weber
- Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition University Hospital Zurich CH-8091 Zurich Switzerland
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5
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xiao B, Jiao A, Li K, Chen T, Huang Z, Lin H. Flame Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of WO 3 Sensing Materials: Effects of Flame Parameters on Particle Size Distribution and NO 2 Sensing Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15506-15515. [PMID: 36480753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique was employed to produce WO3 nanoparticles, which were subsequently used as sensing materials for NO2 sensors. To enhance the sensing performance, the effects of flame parameters on the particle properties and sensing performances for 150-1200 ppb NO2 at 125 °C were investigated. The results indicate that WO3 particles with an average crystal size of about 10-20 nm and a standard deviation of about 3-7.5 nm were generated by controlling the precursor and dispersion oxygen flow rate of FSP. Based on the evaluation of NO2 sensing performance, WO3 sensing materials synthesized under the 3/5 flame condition exhibited better sensitivity than sensors made under other flame conditions. In summary, the FSP method and the optimization of flame synthesis parameters could be an effective strategy to prepare the sensing materials with high sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Bang Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Anqi Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, Shanghai200082, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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6
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Endres SC, Avila M, Mädler L. A discrete differential geometric formulation of multiphase surface interfaces for scalable multiphysics equilibrium simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Acetone Sensing and Catalytic Conversion by Pd-Loaded SnO 2. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205921. [PMID: 34683516 PMCID: PMC8540906 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal additives are widely used to improve the performance of metal oxide gas sensors, most prominently with palladium on tin oxide. Here, we photodeposit different quantities of Pd (0–3 mol%) onto nanostructured SnO2 and determine their effect on sensing acetone, a critical tracer of lipolysis by breath analysis. We focus on understanding the effect of operating temperature on acetone sensing performance (sensitivity and response/recovery times) and its relationship to catalytic oxidation of acetone through a packed bed of such Pd-loaded SnO2. The addition of Pd can either boost or deteriorate the sensing performance, depending on its loading and operating temperature. The sensor performance is optimal at Pd loadings of less than 0.2 mol% and operating temperatures of 200–262.5 °C, where acetone conversion is around 50%.
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8
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Gomes SIL, Amorim MJB, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Fasano M, Chiavazzo E, Asinari P, Jänes J, Tämm K, Burk J, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Machine learning and materials modelling interpretation of in vivo toxicological response to TiO 2 nanoparticles library (UV and non-UV exposure). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14666-14678. [PMID: 34533558 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the risks of nanomaterials/nanoparticles (NMs/NPs) under various environmental conditions requires a more systematic approach, including the comparison of effects across many NMs with identified different but related characters/descriptors. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide coherent (eco)toxicological datasets containing comprehensive toxicity information relating to a diverse spectra of NPs characters. These datasets are test benches for developing holistic methodologies with broader applicability. In the present study we assessed the effects of a custom design Fe-doped TiO2 NPs library, using the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), via a 5-day pulse via aqueous exposure followed by a 21-days recovery period in soil (survival, reproduction assessment). Obviously, when testing TiO2, realistic conditions should include UV exposure. The 11 Fe-TiO2 library contains NPs of size range between 5-27 nm with varying %Fe (enabling the photoactivation of TiO2 at energy wavelengths in the visible-light range). The NPs were each described by 122 descriptors, being a mixture of measured and atomistic model descriptors. The data were explored using single and univariate statistical methods, combined with machine learning and multiscale modelling techniques. An iterative pruning process was adopted for identifying automatically the most significant descriptors. TiO2 NPs toxicity decreased when combined with UV. Notably, the short-term water exposure induced lasting biological responses even after longer-term recovery in clean exposure. The correspondence with Fe-content correlated with the band-gap hence the reduction of UV oxidative stress. The inclusion of both measured and modelled materials data benefitted the explanation of the results, when combined with machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matteo Fasano
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
- INRIM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Jaak Jänes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Burk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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9
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Li H, Erinmwingbovo C, Birkenstock J, Schowalter M, Rosenauer A, La Mantia F, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Double Flame-Fabricated High-Performance AlPO 4/LiMn 2O 4 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:4428-4443. [PMID: 34060544 PMCID: PMC8157533 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) is a promising cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to its excellent properties, including cost effectiveness, eco-friendliness, high energy density, and rate capability. The commercial application of LiMn2O4 is limited by its fast capacity fading during cycling, which lowers the electrochemical performance. In the present work, phase-pure and crystalline LiMn2O4 spinel in the nanoscale were synthesized using single flame spray pyrolysis via screening 16 different precursor-solvent combinations. To overcome the drawback of capacity fading, LiMn2O4 was homogeneously mixed with different percentages of AlPO4 using versatile multiple flame sprays. The mixing was realized by producing AlPO4 and LiMn2O4 aerosol streams in two independent flames placed at 20° to the vertical axis. The structural and morphological analyses by X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of a pure LMO phase and/or AlPO4-mixed LiMn2O4. Electrochemical analysis indicated that LMO nanoparticles of 17.8 nm (d BET) had the best electrochemical performance among the pure LMOs with an initial capacity and a capacity retention of 111.4 mA h g-1 and 88% after 100 cycles, respectively. A further increase in the capacity retention to 93% and an outstanding initial capacity of 116.1 mA h g-1 were acquired for 1% AlPO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Faculty
of Production Engineering, University of
Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Collins Erinmwingbovo
- Energiespeicher-
und Energiewandlersysteme, Universität
Bremen, Bibliothekstr.
1, 28325 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Birkenstock
- Central
Laboratory for Crystallography and Applied Materials, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco Schowalter
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher-
und Energiewandlersysteme, Universität
Bremen, Bibliothekstr.
1, 28325 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty
of Production Engineering, University of
Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty
of Production Engineering, University of
Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Central
Laboratory for Crystallography and Applied Materials, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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10
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Schalk M, Pokhrel S, Schowalter M, Rosenauer A, Mädler L. Control of Porous Layer Thickness in Thermophoretic Deposition of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2395. [PMID: 34064513 PMCID: PMC8124515 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The film thickness plays an important role in the performance of materials applicable to different technologies including chemical sensors, catalysis and/or energy materials. The relationship between the surface and volume of the functional layers is key to high performance evaluations. Here we demonstrate the thermophoretic deposition of different thicknesses of the functional layers designed using flame combustion of tin 2-ethylhexanoate dissolved in xylene, and measurement of thickness by scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam. The parameters such as spray fluid concentration (differing Sn2+ content), substrate-nozzle distance and time of the spray were considered to investigate the layer growth. The results showed ≈ 23, 124 and 161 μm thickness of the SnO2 layer after flame spray of 0.1, 0.5 M and 1.0 M tin 2-EHA-Xylene solutions for 1200 s. While Sn2+ concentration was 0.5 M for all the flame sprays, the substrates placed at 250, 220 and 200 mm from the flame nozzle had layer thicknesses of 113, 116 and 132 µm, respectively. Spray time dependent thickness growth showed a linear increase from 8.5 to 152.1 µm when the substrates were flame sprayed for 30 s to 1200 s using 0.5 M tin 2-EHA-Xylene solutions. Changing the dispersion oxygen flow (3-7 L/min) had almost no effect on layer thickness. Layers fabricated were compared to a model found in literature, which seems to describe the thickness well in the domain of varied parameters. It turned out that primary particle size deposited on the substrate can be tuned without altering the layer thickness and with little effect on porosity. Applications depending on porosity, such as catalysis or gas sensing, can benefit from tuning the layer thickness and primary particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Schalk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco Schowalter
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (S.P.)
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Pokhrel S, Mädler L. Flame-made Particles for Sensors, Catalysis, and Energy Storage Applications. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2020; 34:13209-13224. [PMID: 33343081 PMCID: PMC7743895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Flame spray pyrolysis of precursor-solvent combinations with high enthalpy density allows the design of functional nanoscale materials. Within the last two decades, flame spray pyrolysis was utilized to produce more than 500 metal oxide particulate materials for R&D and commercial applications. In this short review, the particle formation mechanism is described based on the micro-explosions observed in single droplet experiments for various precursor-solvent combinations. While layer fabrication is a key to successful industrial applications toward gas sensors, catalysis, and energy storage, the state-of-the-art technology of innovative in situ thermophoretic particle production and deposition technology is described. In addition, noble metal stabilized oxide matrices with tight chemical contact catalyze surface reactions for enhanced catalytic performance. The metal-support interaction that is vital for redox catalytic performance for various surface reactions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty
of Production Engineering, University of
Bremen, Badgasteiner Strasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty
of Production Engineering, University of
Bremen, Badgasteiner Strasse 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Strasse 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Phone: +49
421 218-51200. Fax: +49 421 218-51211. E-mail:
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12
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Merkl P, Aschtgen MS, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Biofilm interfacial acidity evaluation by pH-Responsive luminescent nanoparticle films. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112732. [PMID: 33120233 PMCID: PMC7116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are dense bacterial colonies that may adhere to the surfaces of medical devices and are major contributors to infections. These colonies are characterized by a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat with the commonly used antibiotics partially because of their poor diffusion through the EPS and therefore require new targeted strategies to effectively fight them. Biofilms may produce an acidic microenvironment which can be exploited to design such targeted treatment strategies. However, there is currently a lack of high-throughput ways to determine the acidity of biofilms at their interface with the medical device. Here, a novel all-inorganic pH responsive system is developed from luminescent carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with Eu3+ ions which can determine the biofilm acidity fluorometrically due to carbonate removal in acidic environments that directly affects the nanoparticle luminescence. The pH responsive nanoparticles are in-situ deposited during their production onto substrates on which a variety of clinically-relevant biofilms are grown. The acidity of their interfacial (micro)environment depends on the bacterial species and strain even when differences in biofilm biomass are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Stephanie Aschtgen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC), Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Li H, Pokhrel S, Schowalter M, Rosenauer A, Kiefer J, Mädler L. The gas-phase formation of tin dioxide nanoparticles in single droplet combustion and flame spray pyrolysis. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2020; 215:389-400. [PMID: 32903291 PMCID: PMC7116032 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) have promising applications for gas sensors. The formation of SnO2 nanoparticles in the gas-phase has been investigated using single droplet combustion and FSP. Precursor solutions of Tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate dissolved in Xylene with varying Sn concentrations were selected as the precursor-solvent system. The selected precursor-solvent system has its stability and ability to synthesize homogeneous nanoparticles, compared to metal nitrate based precursor solutions. The precursor-solvent system was studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Droplet surface micro-explosions were observed during the single droplet combustion of the precursor solutions. It is because of the heterogeneous vapor-phase nucleation, which is beneath the liquid droplet surface and caused by precursor thermal decomposition. The results show that the size of nanoparticles obtained both from FSP and single droplet combustion increases with increasing metal-precursor concentration. The TEM images of the particles from such droplet combustion reveal two types of nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies. The current work provides fundamental understanding of precursor decomposition and particle formation during single droplet combustion, which help in-depth understanding of the flame spray pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco Schowalter
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Electron Microscopy, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Electron Microscopy, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Technische Thermodynamik, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany. (L. Mädler)
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14
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Kwak D, Wang M, Koski KJ, Zhang L, Sokol H, Maric R, Lei Y. Molybdenum Trioxide (α-MoO 3) Nanoribbons for Ultrasensitive Ammonia (NH 3) Gas Detection: Integrated Experimental and Density Functional Theory Simulation Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10697-10706. [PMID: 30854851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A highly-sensitive ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on molybdenum trioxide nanoribbons was developed in this study. α-MoO3 nanoribbons (MoO3 NRs) were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method and systematically characterized using various advanced technologies. Following a simple drop-cast process, a high-performance chemiresistive NH3 sensor was fabricated through the deposition of a MoO3 NR sensing film onto Au interdigitated electrodes. At an optimal operation temperature of 450 °C, the MoO3 nanoribbon-based sensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity (0.72) at NH3 concentration as low as 50 ppb, a fast response time of 21 s, good stability and reproducibility, and impressive selectivity against the interfering gases such as H2, NO2, and O2. More importantly, the sensor represents a remarkable limit of detection of 280 ppt (calculated based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3), which makes the as-prepared MoO3 NR sensor the most sensitive NH3 sensor in the literature. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) simulations were employed to understand the adsorption energetics and electronic structures and thus shed light on the fundamentals of sensing performance. The enhanced sensitivity for NH3 is explicitly discussed and explained by the remarkable band structure modification because of the NH3 adsorption at the oxygen vacancy site on α-MoO3 nanoribbons. These results verify that hydrothermally grown MoO3 nanoribbons are a promising sensing material for enhanced NH3 gas monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kwak
- Institute of Materials Science , University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering , 44 Weaver Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Mengjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Kristie J Koski
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 191 Auditorium Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Henry Sokol
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 191 Auditorium Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Radenka Maric
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering , 44 Weaver Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 191 Auditorium Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , 191 Auditorium Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
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15
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Stodt MFB, Gonchikzhapov M, Kasper T, Fritsching U, Kiefer J. Chemistry of iron nitrate-based precursor solutions for spray-flame synthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24793-24801. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the chemistry of precursor solutions for spray-flame synthesis is a key step to developing inexpensive and large scale applications for tailored nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte F. B. Stodt
- Technische Thermodynamik
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT
| | - Munko Gonchikzhapov
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows, IVG
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-47048 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - Tina Kasper
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows, IVG
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- D-47048 Duisburg
- Germany
| | - Udo Fritsching
- Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- Department of Process and Chemical Engineering
- Universität Bremen
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Technische Thermodynamik
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
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16
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Baric V, Ciacchi LC, Mädler L. Compaction-induced restructuring of aggregated nanoparticle films using the discrete element method. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Influence of Mono- and Bimetallic PtO x, PdO x, PtPdO x Clusters on CO Sensing by SnO₂ Based Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8110917. [PMID: 30405032 PMCID: PMC6266303 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a nanocrystalline SnO₂ matrix and mono- and bimetallic nanocomposites SnO₂/Pd, SnO₂/Pt, and SnO₂/PtPd, a flame spray pyrolysis with subsequent impregnation was used. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a single-point BET method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The electronic state of the metals in mono- and bimetallic clusters was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The active surface sites were investigated using the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H₂) methods. The sensor response of blank SnO₂ and nanocomposites had a carbon monoxide (CO) level of 6.7 ppm and was determined in the temperature range 60⁻300 °C in dry (Relative Humidity (RH) = 0%) and humid (RH = 20%) air. The sensor properties of the mono- and bimetallic nanocomposites were analyzed on the basis of information on the electronic state, the distribution of modifiers in SnO₂ matrix, and active surface centers. For SnO₂/PtPd, the combined effect of the modifiers on the electrophysical properties of SnO₂ explained the inversion of sensor response from n- to p-types observed in dry conditions.
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18
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Abstract
Pure and Ce-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in one step by means of the scalable flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process. Complete structural and chemical characterization of these materials revealed that the majority of the nanoparticles are crystalline and spherical, ranging from 5 to 45 nm in diameter. The band gap of TiO2 was reduced by doping with Ce from 2.43 to 3.06 eV and the Ce–TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a strong photoelectrical response to visible light illumination. Ce–TiO2 nanoparticles obtained with this scalable method are trivially scalable to industrial level manufacturing, granting and enabling additional approaches for the actual application of ceramic oxide nanomaterials to combat challenges such as environmental cleanup and energy production from the visible part of solar inputs.
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19
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Adeleye AS, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Keller AA. Influence of nanoparticle doping on the colloidal stability and toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in synthetic and natural waters. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:12-22. [PMID: 29304444 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are often doped with other elements to improve their functionality and, at times, physical and/or chemical stability. However, the effect of doping on the environmental implications of NPs is not well-understood. We investigated the colloidal stability and effects of CuO NPs doped with Fe (0-10%). Colloidal stability of the Fe-doped CuO NPs in aqueous media, as determined by critical coagulation concentrations of NaCl, decreased with increased Fe-doping. However, decrease in the overall particle density led to slower sedimentation of Fe-doped CuO NPs than would have been predicted from their aggregation behavior. Fe-doping significantly affected CuO dissolution (p < .001), promoting Cu leaching out from the doped NPs due to increased reactivity at neutral pH and increased surface area with Fe-doping. Fe-doping did not increase the toxicity of CuO to a marine phytoplankton, Isochrysis galbana, despite promoting ionic Cu release. Total suspended Cu was dominated by dissolved Cu complexes in seawater and particulate Cu in freshwater. Based on the abundance of different size fractions analyzed in freshwater, the particles detected in water suspension were mostly (≥50%) larger than 200 nm in diameter. However, these large-sized particles are mainly composed of aggregated nanosized particles held together by van der Waals attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, California 93106-5131, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, California 93106-5131, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States.
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20
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Meierhofer F, Li H, Gockeln M, Kun R, Grieb T, Rosenauer A, Fritsching U, Kiefer J, Birkenstock J, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Screening Precursor-Solvent Combinations for Li 4Ti 5O 12 Energy Storage Material Using Flame Spray Pyrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37760-37777. [PMID: 28960057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development and industrial application of advanced lithium based energy-storage materials are directly related to the innovative production techniques and the usage of inexpensive precursor materials. Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a promising technique that overcomes the challenges in the production processes such as scalability, process control, material versatility, and cost. In the present study, phase pure anode material Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) was designed using FSP via extensive systematic screening of lithium and titanium precursors dissolved in five different organic solvents. The effect of precursor and solvent parameters such as chemical reactivity, boiling point, and combustion enthalpy on the particle formation either via gas-to-particle (evaporation/nucleation/growth) or via droplet-to-particle (precipitation/incomplete evaporation) is discussed. The presence of carboxylic acid in the precursor solution resulted in pure (>95 mass %) and homogeneous LTO nanoparticles of size 4-9 nm, attributed to two reasons: (1) stabilization of water sensitive metal alkoxides precursor and (2) formation of volatile carboxylates from lithium nitrate evidenced by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and single droplet combustion experiments. In contrast, the absence of carboxylic acids resulted in larger inhomogeneous crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles with significant reduction of LTO content as low as ∼34 mass %. In-depth particle characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry, gas adsorption, and vibrational spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the LTO product revealed excellent quality of the particles obtained at high temperature. In addition, high rate capability and efficient charge reversibility of LTO nanoparticles demonstrate the vast potential of inexpensive gas-phase synthesis for energy-storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meierhofer
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Haipeng Li
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Gockeln
- Innovative Sensor and Functional Materials Research Group, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert Kun
- Innovative Sensor and Functional Materials Research Group, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials, IFAM , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Grieb
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Electron Microscopy, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Electron Microscopy, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Udo Fritsching
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kiefer
- Technische Thermodynamik, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Johannes Birkenstock
- Central Laboratory for Crystallography and Applied Materials, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen , 28359 Bremen, Germany
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21
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Compagnoni M, Ramis G, Freyria FS, Armandi M, Bonelli B, Rossetti I. Innovative photoreactors for unconventional photocatalytic processes: the photoreduction of CO2 and the photo-oxidation of ammonia. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Naatz H, Lin S, Li R, Jiang W, Ji Z, Chang CH, Köser J, Thöming J, Xia T, Nel AE, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Safe-by-Design CuO Nanoparticles via Fe-Doping, Cu-O Bond Length Variation, and Biological Assessment in Cells and Zebrafish Embryos. ACS NANO 2017; 11:501-515. [PMID: 28026936 PMCID: PMC5824973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The safe implementation of nanotechnology requires nanomaterial hazard assessment in accordance with the material physicochemical properties that trigger the injury response at the nano/bio interface. Since CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used industrially and their dissolution properties play a major role in hazard potential, we hypothesized that tighter bonding of Cu to Fe by particle doping could constitute a safer-by-design approach through decreased dissolution. Accordingly, we designed a combinatorial library in which CuO was doped with 1-10% Fe in a flame spray pyrolysis reactor. The morphology and structural properties were determined by XRD, BET, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, EFTEM, and EELS, which demonstrated a significant reduction in the apical Cu-O bond length while simultaneously increasing the planar bond length (Jahn-Teller distortion). Hazard screening was performed in tissue culture cell lines and zebrafish embryos to discern the change in the hazardous effects of doped vs nondoped particles. This demonstrated that with increased levels of doping there was a progressive decrease in cytotoxicity in BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells, as well as an incremental decrease in the rate of hatching interference in zebrafish embryos. The dissolution profiles were determined and the surface reactions taking place in Holtfreter's solution were validated using cyclic voltammetry measurements to demonstrate that the Cu+/Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox species play a major role in the dissolution process of pure and Fe-doped CuO. Altogether, a safe-by-design strategy was implemented for the toxic CuO particles via Fe doping and has been demonstrated for their safe use in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Naatz
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Sijie Lin
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai China
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jan Köser
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Tian Xia
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andre E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
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23
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Kunz-Schughart LA, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Ewe A, Aigner A, Schellenburg S, Muders MH, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Stephan H, Zarschler K, Vittorio O, Kavallaris M, Parak WJ, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Nanoparticles for radiooncology: Mission, vision, challenges. Biomaterials 2016; 120:155-184. [PMID: 28063356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with highest mortality rates worldwide. About half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment in the course of their disease. However, treatment outcome and curative potential of radiotherapy is often impeded by genetically and/or environmentally driven mechanisms of tumor radioresistance and normal tissue radiotoxicity. While nanomedicine-based tools for imaging, dosimetry and treatment are potential keys to the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects, radiotherapy is an established technique to eradicate the tumor cells. In order to progress the introduction of nanoparticles in radiooncology, due to the highly interdisciplinary nature, expertise in chemistry, radiobiology and translational research is needed. In this report recent insights and promising policies to design nanotechnology-based therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization will be discussed. An attempt is made to cover the entire field from preclinical development to clinical studies. Hence, this report illustrates (1) the radio- and tumor-biological rationales for combining nanostructures with radiotherapy, (2) tumor-site targeting strategies and mechanisms of cellular uptake, (3) biological response hypotheses for new nanomaterials of interest, and (4) challenges to translate the research findings into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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24
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Rebholz J, Grossmann K, Pham D, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Weimar U, Barsan N. Selectivity Enhancement by Using Double-Layer MOX-Based Gas Sensors Prepared by Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP). SENSORS 2016; 16:s16091437. [PMID: 27608028 PMCID: PMC5038715 DOI: 10.3390/s16091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a novel concept for the selective recognition of different target gases with a multilayer semiconducting metal oxide (SMOX)-based sensor device. Direct current (DC) electrical resistance measurements were performed during exposure to CO and ethanol as single gases and mixtures of highly porous metal oxide double- and single-layer sensors obtained by flame spray pyrolysis. The results show that the calculated resistance ratios of the single- and double-layer sensors are a good indicator for the presence of specific gases in the atmosphere, and can constitute some building blocks for the development of chemical logic devices. Due to the inherent lack of selectivity of SMOX-based gas sensors, such devices could be especially relevant for domestic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rebholz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grossmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - David Pham
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Lutz Mädler
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 3, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Udo Weimar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Nicolae Barsan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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25
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Dreyer JAH, Pokhrel S, Birkenstock J, Hevia MG, Schowalter M, Rosenauer A, Urakawa A, Teoh WY, Mädler L. Decrease of the required dopant concentration for δ-Bi2O3crystal stabilization through thermal quenching during single-step flame spray pyrolysis. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Bondarenko OM, Ivask A, Kahru A, Vija H, Titma T, Visnapuu M, Joost U, Pudova K, Adamberg S, Visnapuu T, Alamäe T. Bacterial polysaccharide levan as stabilizing, non-toxic and functional coating material for microelement-nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:710-20. [PMID: 26572404 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Levan, fructose-composed biopolymer of bacterial origin, has potential in biotechnology due to its prebiotic and immunostimulatory properties. In this study levan synthesized by levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae was thoroughly characterized and used as multifunctional biocompatible coating material for microelement-nanoparticles (NPs) of selenium, iron and cobalt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrodynamic size measurements (DLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the interaction of levan with NPs. Levan stabilized the dispersions of NPs, decreased their toxicity and had protective effect on human intestinal cells Caco-2. In addition, levan attached to cobalt NPs remained accessible as a substrate for the colon bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We suggest that the combination of levan and nutritionally important microelements in the form of NPs serves as a first step towards a novel "2 in 1" approach for food supplements to provide safe and efficient delivery of microelements for humans and support beneficial gut microbiota with nutritional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja M Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Tiina Titma
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Meeri Visnapuu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Joost
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ksenia Pudova
- Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Signe Adamberg
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tiina Alamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
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Pokhrel S, Birkenstock J, Dianat A, Zimmermann J, Schowalter M, Rosenauer A, Ciacchi LC, Mädler L. In situ high temperature X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical modeling for the formation of WO3 crystallites. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural transformation of WO3 at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT)
- Department of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- Germany
| | - Johannes Birkenstock
- Central Laboratory for Crystallography and Applied Materials
- University of Bremen
- Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Department of Production Engineering and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Bremen
- Germany
- Institute for Materials Science
| | - Janina Zimmermann
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Department of Production Engineering and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Bremen
- Germany
- Fraunhofer Society Headquarter
| | | | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
- University of Bremen
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Department of Production Engineering and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science
- University of Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
| | - L. Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT)
- Department of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
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Long NV, Yang Y, Minh Thi C, Cao Y, Nogami M. Ultra-high stability and durability of iron oxide micro- and nano-structures with discovery of new three-dimensional structural formation of grain and boundary. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kemmler J, Schopf S, Mädler L, Barsan N, Weimar U. New Process Technologies for the Deposition of Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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