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Ziesmer J, Larsson JV, Sotiriou GA. Hybrid microneedle arrays for antibiotic and near-IR photothermal synergistic antimicrobial effect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Eng J 2023; 462:142127. [PMID: 37719675 PMCID: PMC7615096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic-resistant skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) necessitates the development of novel treatments to improve the efficiency and delivery of antibiotics. The incorporation of photothermal agents such as plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) improves the antibacterial efficiency of antibiotics through synergism with elevated temperatures. Hybrid microneedle (MN) arrays are promising local delivery platforms that enable co-therapy with therapeutic and photothermal agents. However, to-date, the majority of hybrid MNs have focused on the potential treatment of skin cancers, while suffering from the shortcoming of the intradermal release of photothermal agents. Here, we developed hybrid, two-layered MN arrays consisting of an outer water-soluble layer loaded with vancomycin (VAN) and an inner water-insoluble near-IR photothermal core. The photothermal core consists of flame-made plasmonic Au/SiO2 nanoaggregates and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). We analyzed the effect of the outer layer polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), on MN morphology and performance. Hybrid MNs produced with 30 wt% PVA contain a highly drug-loaded outer shell allowing for the incorporation of VAN concentrations up to 100 mg g-1 and temperature increases up to 60 °C under near-IR irradiation while showing sufficient mechanical strength for skin insertion. Furthermore, we studied the combinatorial effect of VAN and heat on the growth inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showing synergistic inhibition between VAN and heat above 55 °C for 10 min. Finally, we show that treatment with hybrid MN arrays can inhibit the growth of MRSA due to the synergistic interaction of heat with VAN reducing the bacterial survival by up to 80%. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of hybrid, two-layered MN arrays as a novel treatment option for MRSA-associated skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Justina Venckute Larsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ziesmer J, Sondén I, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. Highly Efficient Near-IR Photothermal Microneedles with Flame-Made Plasmonic Nanoaggregates for Reduced Intradermal Nanoparticle Deposition. Adv Mater Interfaces 2022; 9:admi.202201540. [PMID: 37720386 PMCID: PMC7615098 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy by microneedles (MNs) exhibits high potential against skin diseases. However, high costs, photobleaching of organic agents, low long-term stability, and potential nanotoxicity limit the clinical translation of photothermal MNs. Here, photothermal MNs are developed by utilizing Au nanoaggregates made by flame aerosol technology and incorporated in water-insoluble polymer matrix to reduce intradermal nanoparticle (NP) deposition. The individual Au interparticle distance and plasmonic coupling within the nanoaggregates are controlled by the addition of a spacer during their synthesis rendering the Au nanoaggregates highly efficient NIR photothermal agents. In situ aerosol deposition of Au nanoaggregates on MN molds results in the fabrication of photothermal MNs with thin plasmonic layers. The photothermal performance of these MN arrays is compared to ones made by three methods utilizing NP dispersions, and it is found that similar temperatures are reached with 28-fold lower Au mass due to reduced light scattering losses of the thin layers. Finally, all developed photothermal MN arrays here cause clinically relevant hyperthermia at benign laser intensities while reducing intradermal NP deposition 127-fold compared to conventional MNs made with water-soluble polymers. Such rational design of photothermal MNs requiring low laser intensities and minimal NP intradermal accumulation sets the basis for their safe clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Isabel Sondén
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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3
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Speidel AT, Chivers PRA, Wood CS, Roberts DA, Correia IP, Caravaca AS, Chan YKV, Hansel CS, Heimgärtner J, Müller E, Ziesmer J, Sotiriou GA, Olofsson PS, Stevens MM. Tailored Biocompatible Polyurethane-Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels as a Versatile Nonfouling Biomaterial. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201378. [PMID: 35981326 PMCID: PMC7615486 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane-based hydrogels are relatively inexpensive and mechanically robust biomaterials with ideal properties for various applications, including drug delivery, prosthetics, implant coatings, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. In this report, a simple method is presented for synthesizing and casting biocompatible polyurethane-poly(ethylene glycol) (PU-PEG) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, nonfouling characteristics, and sustained tolerability as an implantable material or coating. The hydrogels are synthesized via a simple one-pot method using commercially available precursors and low toxicity solvents and reagents, yielding a consistent and biocompatible gel platform primed for long-term biomaterial applications. The mechanical and physical properties of the gels are easily controlled by varying the curing concentration, producing networks with complex shear moduli of 0.82-190 kPa, similar to a range of human soft tissues. When evaluated against a mechanically matched poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) formulation, the PU-PEG hydrogels demonstrated favorable nonfouling characteristics, including comparable adsorption of plasma proteins (albumin and fibrinogen) and significantly reduced cellular adhesion. Moreover, preliminary murine implant studies reveal a mild foreign body response after 41 days. Due to the tunable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and sustained in vivo tolerability of these hydrogels, it is proposed that this method offers a simplified platform for fabricating soft PU-based biomaterials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessondra T Speidel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Phillip R A Chivers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christopher S Wood
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Inês P Correia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yu Kiu Victor Chan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Catherine S Hansel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Johannes Heimgärtner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eliane Müller
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Li H, Merkl P, Sommertune J, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. SERS Hotspot Engineering by Aerosol Self-Assembly of Plasmonic Ag Nanoaggregates with Tunable Interparticle Distance. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201133. [PMID: 35670133 PMCID: PMC9353460 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful sensing technique. However, the employment of SERS sensors in practical applications is hindered by high fabrication costs from processes with limited scalability, poor batch-to-batch reproducibility, substrate stability, and uniformity. Here, highly scalable and reproducible flame aerosol technology is employed to rapidly self-assemble uniform SERS sensing films. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles are deposited on substrates as nanoaggregates with fine control of their interparticle distance. The interparticle distance is tuned by adding a dielectric spacer during nanoparticle synthesis that separates the individual Ag nanoparticles within each nanoaggregate. The dielectric spacer thickness dictates the plasmonic coupling extinction of the deposited nanoaggregates and finely tunes the Raman hotspots. By systematically studying the optical and morphological properties of the developed SERS surfaces, structure-performance relationships are established and the optimal hot-spots occur for interparticle distance of 1 to 1.5 nm among the individual Ag nanoparticles, as also validated by computational modeling, are identified for the highest signal enhancement of a molecular Raman reporter. Finally, the superior stability and batch-to-batch reproducibility of the developed SERS sensors are demonstrated and their potential with a proof-of-concept practical application in food-safety diagnostics for pesticide detection on fruit surfaces is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
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Kanaki Z, Chandrinou C, Orfanou IM, Kryou C, Ziesmer J, A. Sotiriou G, Klinakis A, Tamvakopoulos C, Zergioti I. Laser-Induced Forward Transfer Printing on Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Gemcitabine. Int J Bioprint 2022; 8:554. [PMID: 35669329 PMCID: PMC9159537 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v8i2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs remains to be challenging to the physician due to limitations associated with lack of efficacy or high toxicities. Typically, chemotherapeutic drugs are administered intravenously, leading to high drug concentrations that drive efficacy but also lead to known side effects. Delivery of drugs through transdermal microneedles (MNs) has become an important alternative treatment approach. Such delivery options are well suited for chemotherapeutic drugs in which sustained levels would be desirable. In the context of developing a novel approach, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) was applied for bioprinting of gemcitabine (Gem) to coat polymethylmethacrylate MNs. Gem, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer, is a good candidate for MN-assisted transdermal delivery to improve the pharmacokinetics of Gem while reducing efficiency limitations. LIFT bioprinting of Gem for coating of MNs with different drug amounts and successful transdermal delivery in mice is presented in this study. Our approach produced reproducible, accurate, and uniform coatings of the drug on MN arrays, and on in vivo transdermal application of the coated MNs in mice, dose-proportional concentrations of Gem in the plasma of mice was achieved. The developed approach may be extended to several chemotherapeutics and provide advantages for metronomic drug dosing.
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Geissel FJ, Platania V, Gogos A, Herrmann IK, Belibasakis GN, Chatzinikolaidou M, Sotiriou GA. Antibiofilm activity of nanosilver coatings against Staphylococcus aureus. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:3141-3150. [PMID: 34815083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Implant infections due to bacterial biofilms constitute a major healthcare challenge today. One way to address this clinical need is to modify the implant surface with an antimicrobial nanomaterial. Among such nanomaterials, nanosilver is arguably the most powerful one, due to its strong and broad antimicrobial activity. However, there is still a lack of understanding on how physicochemical characteristics of nanosilver coatings affect their antibiofilm activity. More specifically, the contributions of silver (Ag)+ ion-mediated vs. contact-based mechanisms to the observed antimicrobial activity are yet to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, we produce here nanosilver coatings on substrates by flame aerosol direct deposition that allows for facile control of the coating composition and Ag particle size. We systematically study the effect of (i) nanosilver content in composite Ag silica (SiO2) coatings from 0 (pure SiO2) up to 50 wt%, (ii) the Ag particle size and (iii) the coating thickness on the antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a clinically-relevant pathogen often present on the surface of surgically-installed implants. We show that the Ag+ ion concentration in solution largely drives the observed antibiofilm effect independently of Ag size and coating thickness. Furthermore, co-incubation of both pure SiO2 and nanosilver coatings in the same well also reveals that the antibiofilm effect stems predominantly from the released Ag+ ions, which is especially pronounced for coatings featuring the smallest Ag particle sizes, rather than direct bacterial contact inhibition. We also examine the biocompatibility of the developed nanosilver coatings in terms of pre-osteoblastic cell viability and proliferation, comparing it to that of pure SiO2. This study lays the foundation for the rational design of nanosilver-based antibiofilm implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Geissel
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varvara Platania
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland and Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland and Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mann R, Holmes A, McNeilly O, Cavaliere R, Sotiriou GA, Rice SA, Gunawan C. Evolution of biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria in the presence of nanoparticles and antibiotic: adaptation phenomena and cross-resistance. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:291. [PMID: 34579731 PMCID: PMC8474960 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of bacterial biofilms are difficult and in many cases, expensive. Bacterial biofilms are naturally more resilient to antimicrobial agents than their free-living planktonic counterparts, rendering the community growth harder to control. The present work described the risks of long-term use of an important alternative antimicrobial, silver nanoparticles (NAg), for the first time, on the dominant mode of bacterial growth. Results NAg could inhibit the formation as well as eradicating an already grown biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen notorious for its resilience to antibiotics. The biofilm-forming bacterium however, evolved a reduced sensitivity to the nanoparticle. Evidence suggests that survival is linked to the development of persister cells within the population. A similar adaptation was also seen upon prolonged exposures to ionic silver (Ag+). The persister population resumed normal growth after subsequent passage in the absence of silver, highlighting the potential risks of recurrent infections with long-term NAg (and Ag+) treatments of biofilm growth. The present study further observed a potential silver/antibiotic cross-resistance, whereby NAg (as well as Ag+) could not eradicate an already growing gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa biofilm. The phenomena is thought to result from the hindered biofilm penetration of the silver species. In contrast, both silver formulations inhibited biofilm formation of the resistant strain, presenting a promising avenue for the control of biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conclusion The findings signify the importance to study the nanoparticle adaptation phenomena in the biofilm mode of bacterial growth, which are apparently unique to those already reported with the planktonic growth counterparts. This work sets the foundation for future studies in other globally significant bacterial pathogens when present as biofilms. Scientifically based strategies for management of pathogenic growth is necessary, particularly in this era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01027-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Mann
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Amy Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Oliver McNeilly
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Rosalia Cavaliere
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott A Rice
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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8
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Camaioni A, Massimiani M, Lacconi V, Magrini A, Salustri A, Sotiriou GA, Singh D, Bitounis D, Bocca B, Pino A, Barone F, Prota V, Iavicoli I, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Cassee FR, Demokritou P, Pietroiusti A, Campagnolo L. Silica encapsulation of ZnO nanoparticles reduces their toxicity for cumulus cell-oocyte-complex expansion. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:33. [PMID: 34479598 PMCID: PMC8414698 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in many industrial and biomedical applications, hence their impact on occupational and public health has become a concern. In recent years, interest on the effect that exposure to NPs may exert on human reproduction has grown, however data are still scant. In the present work, we investigated whether different metal oxide NPs interfere with mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion. Methods Mouse COCs from pre-ovulatory follicles were cultured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of two types of TiO2 NPs (JRC NM-103 and NM-104) and four types of ZnO NPs (JRC NM-110, NM-111, and in-house prepared uncoated and SiO2-coated NPs) and the organization of a muco-elastic extracellular matrix by cumulus cells during the process named cumulus expansion was investigated. Results We show that COC expansion was not affected by the presence of both types of TiO2 NPs at all tested doses, while ZnO NM-110 and NM-111 induced strong toxicity and inhibited COCs expansion at relatively low concentration. Medium conditioned by these NPs showed lower toxicity, suggesting that, beside ion release, inhibition of COC expansion also depends on NPs per se. To further elucidate this, we compared COC expansion in the presence of uncoated or SiO2-coated NPs. Differently from the uncoated NPs, SiO2-coated NPs underwent slower dissolution, were not internalized by the cells, and showed an overall lower toxicity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that ZnO NPs, but not SiO2-coated ZnO NPs, affected the expression of genes fundamental for COC expansion. Dosimetry analysis revealed that the delivered-to-cell mass fractions for both NPs was very low. Conclusions Altogether, these results suggest that chemical composition, dissolution, and cell internalization are all responsible for the adverse effects of the tested NPs and support the importance of a tailored, safer-by-design production of NPs to reduce toxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00424-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Camaioni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Massimiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lacconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Salustri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-1, 71 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-1, 71 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pino
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Barone
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Prota
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Department of Inhalation Toxicology, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Ziesmer J, Tajpara P, Hempel N, Ehrström M, Melican K, Eidsmo L, Sotiriou GA. Vancomycin-Loaded Microneedle Arrays against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections. Adv Mater Technol 2021; 6:2001307. [PMID: 34307835 PMCID: PMC8281827 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major healthcare burden, often treated with intravenous injection of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (VAN). However, low local drug concentration in the skin limits its treatment efficiency, while systemic exposure promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains. Topical administration of VAN on skin is ineffective as its high molecular weight prohibits transdermal penetration. In order to implement a local VAN delivery, microneedle (MN) arrays with a water-insoluble support layer for the controlled administration of VAN into the skin are developed. The utilization of such a support layer results in water-insoluble needle shafts surrounded by drug-loaded water-soluble tips with high drug encapsulation. The developed MN arrays can penetrate the dermal barriers of both porcine and fresh human skin. Permeation studies on porcine skin reveal that the majority of the delivered VAN is retained within the skin. It is shown that the VAN-MN array reduces MRSA growth both in vitro and ex vivo on skin. The developed VAN-MN arrays may be extended to several drugs and may facilitate localized treatment of MRSA-caused skin infections while minimizing adverse systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ziesmer
- Department of MicrobiologyTumour and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | - Poojabahen Tajpara
- Department of Medicine SolnaUnit of RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
| | | | - Marcus Ehrström
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic SurgeryKarolinska University Hospital SolnaStockholmSE‐17176Sweden
| | - Keira Melican
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES)Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Department of Medicine SolnaUnit of RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
- Diagnostiskt Centrum HudStockholmSE‐11137Sweden
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology CenterUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK‐2100Denmark
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of MicrobiologyTumour and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐17177Sweden
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10
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Merkl P, Zhou S, Zaganiaris A, Shahata M, Eleftheraki A, Thersleff T, Sotiriou GA. Plasmonic Coupling in Silver Nanoparticle Aggregates and Their Polymer Composite Films for Near -Infrared Photothermal Biofilm Eradication. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2021; 4:5330-5339. [PMID: 34085032 PMCID: PMC8165696 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles with near-IR (NIR) light absorption are highly attractive in biomedicine for minimally invasive photothermal treatments. However, these optical properties are typically exhibited by plasmonic nanostructures with complex, nonspherical geometries that may prohibit their broad commercialization and further integration into photothermal devices. Herein, we present the single-step aerosol self-assembly of plasmonic nanoaggregates that consisted of spherical silver nanoparticles with tunable extinction from visible to NIR wavelengths. This tunable extinction was achieved by the addition of SiO2 during the flame synthesis of the nanoparticles, which acted as a dielectric spacer between the spherical silver nanoparticles and was also computationally validated by simulating the extinction spectra of similar silver nanoaggregates. These plasmonic nanoaggregates were easily deposited on silicone polymeric surfaces and further encased with a top polymer layer, forming plasmonic photothermal nanocomposite films. The photothermal properties of the NIR nanocomposite films were utilized to eradicate the established biofilms of clinically relevant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with a relationship observed between the final surface temperature and biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padryk Merkl
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Shuzhi Zhou
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Zaganiaris
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Mariam Shahata
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Athina Eleftheraki
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
- E-mail:
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11
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Merkl P, Long S, McInerney GM, Sotiriou GA. Antiviral Activity of Silver, Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Coatings against SARS-CoV-2. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11051312. [PMID: 34067553 PMCID: PMC8155969 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for several million deaths to date globally, and both fomite transmission from surfaces as well as airborne transmission from aerosols may be largely responsible for the spread of the virus. Here, nanoparticle coatings of three antimicrobial materials (Ag, CuO and ZnO) are deposited on both solid flat surfaces as well as porous filter media, and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 viability is compared with a viral plaque assay. These nanocoatings are manufactured by aerosol nanoparticle self-assembly during their flame synthesis. Nanosilver particles as a coating exhibit the strongest antiviral activity of the three studied nanomaterials, while copper oxide exhibits moderate activity, and zinc oxide does not appear to significantly reduce the virus infectivity. Thus, nanosilver and copper oxide show potential as antiviral coatings on solid surfaces and on filter media to minimize transmission and super-spreading events while also providing critical information for the current and any future pandemic mitigation efforts.
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12
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Hempel NJ, Merkl P, Asad S, Knopp MM, Berthelsen R, Bergström CAS, Teleki A, Sotiriou GA, Löbmann K. Utilizing Laser Activation of Photothermal Plasmonic Nanoparticles to Induce On-Demand Drug Amorphization inside a Tablet. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2254-2262. [PMID: 33951909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poor aqueous drug solubility represents a major challenge in oral drug delivery. A novel approach to overcome this challenge is drug amorphization inside a tablet, that is, on-demand drug amorphization. The amorphous form is a thermodynamically instable, disordered solid-state with increased dissolution rate and solubility compared to its crystalline counterpart. During on-demand drug amorphization, the drug molecularly disperses into a polymer to form an amorphous solid at elevated temperatures inside a tablet. This study investigates, for the first time, the utilization of photothermal plasmonic nanoparticles for on-demand drug amorphization as a new pharmaceutical application. For this, near-IR photothermal plasmonic nanoparticles were tableted together with a crystalline drug (celecoxib) and a polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone). The tablets were subjected to a near-IR laser at different intensities and durations to study the rate of drug amorphization under each condition. During laser irradiation, the plasmonic nanoparticles homogeneously heated the tablet. The temperature was directly related to the rate and degree of amorphization. Exposure times as low as 180 s at 1.12 W cm-2 laser intensity with only 0.25 wt % plasmonic nanoparticles and up to 50 wt % drug load resulted in complete drug amorphization. Therefore, near-IR photothermal plasmonic nanoparticles are promising excipients for on-demand drug amorphization with laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shno Asad
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Merkl P, Aschtgen MS, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Biofilm interfacial acidity evaluation by pH-Responsive luminescent nanoparticle films. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112732. [PMID: 33120233 PMCID: PMC7116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are dense bacterial colonies that may adhere to the surfaces of medical devices and are major contributors to infections. These colonies are characterized by a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat with the commonly used antibiotics partially because of their poor diffusion through the EPS and therefore require new targeted strategies to effectively fight them. Biofilms may produce an acidic microenvironment which can be exploited to design such targeted treatment strategies. However, there is currently a lack of high-throughput ways to determine the acidity of biofilms at their interface with the medical device. Here, a novel all-inorganic pH responsive system is developed from luminescent carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with Eu3+ ions which can determine the biofilm acidity fluorometrically due to carbonate removal in acidic environments that directly affects the nanoparticle luminescence. The pH responsive nanoparticles are in-situ deposited during their production onto substrates on which a variety of clinically-relevant biofilms are grown. The acidity of their interfacial (micro)environment depends on the bacterial species and strain even when differences in biofilm biomass are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Stephanie Aschtgen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC), Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Subramanian K, Iovino F, Tsikourkitoudi V, Merkl P, Ahmed S, Berry SB, Aschtgen MS, Svensson M, Bergman P, Sotiriou GA, Henriques-Normark B. Mannose receptor-derived peptides neutralize pore-forming toxins and reduce inflammation and development of pneumococcal disease. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12695. [PMID: 32985105 PMCID: PMC7645366 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are essential virulence factors for many human pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumolysin, PLY), Streptococcus pyogenes (streptolysin O, SLO), and Listeria monocytogenes (Listeriolysin, LLO) and induce cytolysis and inflammation. Recently, we identified that pneumococcal PLY interacts with the mannose receptor (MRC‐1) on specific immune cells thereby evoking an anti‐inflammatory response at sublytic doses. Here, we identified the interaction sites between MRC‐1 and CDCs using computational docking. We designed peptides from the CTLD4 domain of MRC‐1 that binds to PLY, SLO, and LLO, respectively. In vitro, the peptides blocked CDC‐induced cytolysis and inflammatory cytokine production by human macrophages. Also, they reduced PLY‐induced damage of the epithelial barrier integrity as well as blocked bacterial invasion into the epithelium in a 3D lung tissue model. Pre‐treatment of human DCs with peptides blocked bacterial uptake via MRC‐1 and reduced intracellular bacterial survival by targeting bacteria to autophagosomes. In order to use the peptides for treatment in vivo, we developed calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP NPs) as peptide nanocarriers for intranasal delivery of peptides and enhanced bioactivity. Co‐administration of peptide‐loaded CaP NPs during infection improved survival and bacterial clearance in both zebrafish and mice models of pneumococcal infection. We suggest that MRC‐1 peptides can be employed as adjunctive therapeutics with antibiotics to treat bacterial infections by countering the action of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Iovino
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Tsikourkitoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samuel B Berry
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,The Immunodeficiency Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Iovino F, Merkl P, Spyrogianni A, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Silica-coated phosphorescent nanoprobes for selective cell targeting and dynamic bioimaging of pathogen-host cell interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6989-6992. [PMID: 32441283 PMCID: PMC7116283 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in vitro bioimaging suffers from photobleaching of organic dyes, thus, functional probes with superior photostability are urgently needed. Here, we address this challenge by developing novel silica-coated nanophosphors that may serve as superior luminescent nanoprobes compatible with conventional fluorescence microscopes. We specifically explore their suitability for dynamic in vitro bioimaging of interactions between bacterial pathogens and host cells, and further demonstrate the facile surface functionalization of the amorphous silica layer with antibodies for selective cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Iovino
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Tsikourkitoudi V, Karlsson J, Merkl P, Loh E, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Flame-Made Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with High Drug Loading for Delivery of Biologics. Molecules 2020; 25:E1747. [PMID: 32290273 PMCID: PMC7181047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit potential as drug carriers in biomedicine due to their high surface-to-volume ratio that allows for facile drug loading. Nanosized drug delivery systems have been proposed for the delivery of biologics facilitating their transport across epithelial layers and maintaining their stability against proteolytic degradation. Here, we capitalize on a nanomanufacturing process famous for its scalability and reproducibility, flame spray pyrolysis, and produce calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles with tailored properties. The as-prepared nanoparticles are loaded with bovine serum albumin (model protein) and bradykinin (model peptide) by physisorption and the physicochemical parameters influencing their loading capacity are investigated. Furthermore, we implement the developed protocol by formulating CaP nanoparticles loaded with the LL-37 antimicrobial peptide, which is a biological drug currently involved in clinical trials. High loading values along with high reproducibility are achieved. Moreover, it is shown that CaP nanoparticles protect LL-37 from proteolysis in vitro. We also demonstrate that LL-37 retains its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae when loaded on nanoparticles in vitro. Therefore, we highlight the potential of nanocarriers for optimization of the therapeutic profile of existing and emerging biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsikourkitoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Jens Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
| | - Edmund Loh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (V.T.); (J.K.); (P.M.); (E.L.); (B.H.-N.)
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17
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Gunawan C, Faiz MB, Mann R, Ting SRS, Sotiriou GA, Marquis CP, Amal R. Nanosilver Targets the Bacterial Cell Envelope: The Link with Generation of Reactive Oxygen Radicals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5557-5568. [PMID: 31927911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The work describes the interactions of nanosilver (NAg) with bacterial cell envelope components at a molecular level and how this associates with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated toxicity of the nanoparticle. Major structural changes were detected in cell envelope biomolecules as a result of damages in functional moieties, such as the saccharides, amides, and phosphodiesters. NAg exposure disintegrates the glycan backbone in the major cell wall component peptidoglycan, causes complete breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, and disrupts the phosphate-amine and fatty acid groups in phosphatidylethanolamine, a membrane phospholipid. Consistent with the oxidative attacks, we propose that the observed cell envelope damages are inflicted, at least in part, by the reactive oxygen radicals being generated by the nanoparticle during its leaching process, abiotically, without cells. The cell envelope targeting, especially those on the inner membrane phospholipid, is likely to then trigger the rapid generation of lethal levels of cellular superoxide (O2•-) and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals herein seen with a model bacterium. The present study provides a better understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of NAg, whereby ROS generation could be both the cause and consequence of the toxicity, associated with the initial cell envelope targeting by the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- ithree institute , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Merisa B Faiz
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Riti Mann
- ithree institute , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Simon R S Ting
- Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Solna, Stockholm 171 77 , Sweden
| | - Christopher P Marquis
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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18
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Valentin E, Bottomley AL, Chilambi GS, Harry EJ, Amal R, Sotiriou GA, Rice SA, Gunawan C. Heritable nanosilver resistance in priority pathogen: a unique genetic adaptation and comparison with ionic silver and antibiotics. Nanoscale 2020; 12:2384-2392. [PMID: 31930233 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08424j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the incorporation of antimicrobial nanosilver (NAg) into medical devices, and, increasingly, in everyday 'antibacterial' products. With the continued rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria, there are concerns that these priority pathogens will also develop resistance to the extensively commercialized nanoparticle antimicrobials. Herein, this work reports the emergence of stable resistance traits to NAg in the WHO-listed priority pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, which has previously been suggested to have no, or very low, capacity for silver resistance. With no native presence of genetically encoded silver defence mechanisms, the work showed that the bacterium is dependent on mutation of physiologically essential genes, including those involved in nucleotide synthesis and oxidative stress defence. While some mutations were uniquely associated with resistance to NAg, the study also found common mutations that could be protective against both NAg and ionic silver. This is consistent with the observation of NAg/ionic silver cross-resistance. These mutations were detected following withdrawal of the silver exposure, denoting heritable characteristics that allow for spread of the resistance traits even with discontinued silver use. Heritable silver resistance in priority pathogen cautions that these nanoparticle antimicrobials should only be used as needed, to preserve their efficacy for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L Bottomley
- Ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | | | - Elizabeth J Harry
- Ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott A Rice
- Ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- Ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Keevend K, Puust L, Kurvits K, Gerken LRH, Starsich FHL, Li JH, Matter MT, Spyrogianni A, Sotiriou GA, Stiefel M, Herrmann IK. Ultrabright and Stable Luminescent Labels for Correlative Cathodoluminescence Electron Microscopy Bioimaging. Nano Lett 2019; 19:6013-6018. [PMID: 31373824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of structure-function relationships in biological systems heavily relies on imaging. While fluorescence microscopy allows the study of specific proteins following their labeling with fluorophores, electron microscopy enables holistic ultrastructural analysis based on differences in electron density. To identify specific proteins in electron microscopy, immunogold labeling has become the method of choice. However, the distinction of immunogold-based protein labels from naturally occurring electron dense granules and the identification of several different proteins in the same sample remain challenging. Correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy (CCLEM) bioimaging has recently been suggested to provide an attractive alternative based on labels emitting characteristic light. While luminescence excitation by an electron beam enables subdiffraction imaging, structural damage to the sample by high-energy electrons has been identified as a potential obstacle. Here, we investigate the feasibility of various commonly used luminescent labels for CCLEM bioimaging. We demonstrate that organic fluorophores and semiconductor quantum dots suffer from a considerable loss of emission intensity, even when using moderate beam voltages (2 kV) and currents (0.4 nA). Rare-earth element-doped nanocrystals, in particular Y2O3:Tb3+ and YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles with green and orange-red emission, respectively, feature remarkably high brightness and stability in the CCLEM bioimaging setting. We further illustrate how these nanocrystals can be readily differentiated from morphologically similar naturally occurring dense granules based on optical emission, making them attractive nanoparticle core materials for molecular labeling and (multi)color CCLEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard- Hof 1 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Laurits Puust
- Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwaldi St 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Karoliine Kurvits
- Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwaldi St 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Fabian H L Starsich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jian-Hao Li
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin T Matter
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Spyrogianni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , SE-17177 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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20
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Henning DF, Merkl P, Yun C, Iovino F, Xie L, Mouzourakis E, Moularas C, Deligiannakis Y, Henriques-Normark B, Leifer K, Sotiriou GA. Luminescent CeO 2:Eu 3+ nanocrystals for robust in situ H 2O 2 real-time detection in bacterial cell cultures. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:286-293. [PMID: 30884315 PMCID: PMC6629545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) quantification in biomedicine is valuable as inflammation biomarker but also in assays employing enzymes that generate or consume H2O2 linked to a specific biomarker. Optical H2O2 detection is typically performed through peroxidase-coupled reactions utilizing organic dyes that suffer, however, from poor stability/reproducibility and also cannot be employed in situ in dynamic complex cell cultures to monitor H2O2 levels in real-time. Here, we utilize enzyme-mimetic CeO2 nanocrystals that are sensitive to H2O2 and study the effect of H2O2 presence on their electronic and luminescent properties. We produce and dope with Eu3+ these particles in a single-step by flame synthesis and directly deposit them on Si and glass substrates to fabricate nanoparticle layers to monitor in real-time and in situ the H2O2 concentrations generated by Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates. Furthermore, the small CeO2:Eu3+ nanocrystals are combined in a single-step with larger, non-responsive Y2O3:Tb3+ nanoparticles during their double-nozzle flame synthesis to engineer hybrid luminescent nanoaggregates as ratiometric robust biosensors. We demonstrate the functionality of these biosensors by monitoring their response in the presence of a broad range of H2O2 concentrations in vitro from S. pneumoniae, highlighting their potential for facile real-time H2O2 detection in vitro in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian F Henning
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changhun Yun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Iovino
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ling Xie
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Lab, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleftherios Mouzourakis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupoli, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Moularas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupoli, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupoli, GR-451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Lab, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-1 71 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Spyrogianni A, Tiefenboeck P, Starsich FHL, Keevend K, Krumeich F, Herrmann IK, Leroux J, Sotiriou GA. Near‐UV activated, photostable nanophosphors for in vitro dosimetry and dynamic bioimaging. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spyrogianni
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich 8092 Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichZurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Peter Tiefenboeck
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichZurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Fabian H. L. Starsich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Kerda Keevend
- Particles‐Biology Interactions Laboratory, Dept. of Materials Meet LifeSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen 9014 Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Inge K. Herrmann
- Particles‐Biology Interactions Laboratory, Dept. of Materials Meet LifeSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen 9014 Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichZurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetSolna 17177 Sweden
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22
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Faiz MB, Amal R, Marquis CP, Harry EJ, Sotiriou GA, Rice SA, Gunawan C. Nanosilver and the microbiological activity of the particulate solids versus the leached soluble silver. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:263-273. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1434910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merisa B. Faiz
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott A. Rice
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
- ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Pratsinis A, Kelesidis GA, Zuercher S, Krumeich F, Bolisetty S, Mezzenga R, Leroux JC, Sotiriou GA. Enzyme-Mimetic Antioxidant Luminescent Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensing. ACS Nano 2017; 11:12210-12218. [PMID: 29182310 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an abundant molecule associated with biological functions and reacts with natural enzymes, such as catalase. Even though direct H2O2 measurement can be used to diagnose pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, H2O2 quantification further enables the detection of disease biomarkers in enzyme-linked assays (e.g., ELISA) in which enzymatic reactions may generate or consume H2O2. Such a quantification is often measured optically with organic dyes in biological media that suffer, however, from poor stability. Currently, the optical H2O2 biosensing without organic-dyes in biological media and at low, submicromolar, concentrations has yet to be achieved. Herein, we rationally design biomimetic artificial enzymes based on antioxidant CeO2 nanoparticles that become luminescent upon their Eu3+ doping. We vary systematically their diameter from 4 to 16 nm and study their catalase-mimetic antioxidant activity, manifested as catalytic H2O2 decomposition in aqueous solutions, revealing a strong nanoparticle surface area dependency. The interaction with H2O2 influences distinctly the particle luminescence rendering them highly sensitive H2O2 biosensors down to 0.15 μM (5.2 ppb) in solutions for biological assays. Our results link two, so far, unrelated research domains, the CeO2 nanoparticle antioxidant activity and luminescence by rare-earth doping. When these enzyme-mimetic nanoparticles are coupled with alcohol oxidase, biosensing can be extended to ethanol exemplifying how their detection potential can be broadened to additional biologically relevant metabolites. The enzyme-mimetic nanomaterial developed here could serve as a starting point of sophisticated in vitro assays toward the highly sensitive detection of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pratsinis
- Drug Formulation and Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios A Kelesidis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Zuercher
- Drug Formulation and Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- Food and Soft Materials, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Food and Soft Materials, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Drug Formulation and Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Drug Formulation and Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Singh D, Schifman LA, Watson-Wright C, Sotiriou GA, Oyanedel-Craver V, Wohlleben W, Demokritou P. Nanofiller Presence Enhances Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Profile on Nanoparticles Released during Thermal Decomposition of Nano-enabled Thermoplastics: Potential Environmental Health Implications. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:5222-5232. [PMID: 28397486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled products are ultimately destined to reach end-of-life with an important fraction undergoing thermal degradation through waste incineration or accidental fires. Although previous studies have investigated the physicochemical properties of released lifecycle particulate matter (called LCPM) from thermal decomposition of nano-enabled thermoplastics, critical questions about the effect of nanofiller on the chemical composition of LCPM still persist. Here, we investigate the potential nanofiller effects on the profiles of 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on LCPM from thermal decomposition of nano-enabled thermoplastics. We found that nanofiller presence in thermoplastics significantly enhances not only the total PAH concentration in LCPM but most importantly also the high molecular weight (HMW, 4-6 ring) PAHs that are considerably more toxic than the low molecular weight (LMW, 2-3 ring) PAHs. This nano-specific effect was also confirmed during in vitro cellular toxicological evaluation of LCPM for the case of polyurethane thermoplastic enabled with carbon nanotubes (PU-CNT). LCPM from PU-CNT shows significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to PU which could be attributed to its higher HMW PAH concentration. These findings are crucial and make the case that nanofiller presence in thermoplastics can significantly affect the physicochemical and toxicological properties of LCPM released during thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Laura Arabella Schifman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 1 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Christa Watson-Wright
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 1 Lippitt Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | | | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University , 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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25
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Gunawan C, Marquis CP, Amal R, Sotiriou GA, Rice SA, Harry EJ. Widespread and Indiscriminate Nanosilver Use: Genuine Potential for Microbial Resistance. ACS Nano 2017; 11:3438-3445. [PMID: 28339182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this era of increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of alternative antimicrobials such as silver has become more widespread. Superior antimicrobial activity has been provided through fabrication of silver nanoparticles or nanosilver (NAg), which imparts cytotoxic actions distinct from those of bulk silver. In the wake of the recent discoveries of bacterial resistance to NAg and its rising incorporation in medical and consumer goods such as wound dressings and dietary supplements, we argue that there is an urgent need to monitor the prevalence and spread of NAg microbial resistance. In this Perspective, we describe how the use of NAg in commercially available products facilitates prolonged microorganism exposure to bioavailable silver, which underpins the development of resistance. Furthermore, we advocate for a judicial approach toward NAg use in order to preserve its efficacy and to avoid environmental disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | | | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elizabeth J Harry
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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26
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Starsich FHL, Sotiriou GA, Wurnig MC, Eberhardt C, Hirt AM, Boss A, Pratsinis SE. Silica-Coated Nonstoichiometric Nano Zn-Ferrites for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Hyperthermia Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2698-2706. [PMID: 27592719 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale and reproducible synthesis of nanomaterials is highly sought out for successful translation into clinics. Flame aerosol technology with its proven capacity to manufacture high purity materials (e.g., light guides) up to kg h-1 is explored here for the preparation of highly magnetic, nonstoichiometric Zn-ferrite (Zn0.4 Fe2.6 O4 ) nanoparticles coated in situ with a nanothin SiO2 layer. The focus is on their suitability as magnetic multifunctional theranostic agents analyzing their T2 contrast enhancing capability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their magnetic hyperthermia performance. The primary particle size is closely controlled from 5 to 35 nm evaluating its impact on magnetic properties, MRI relaxivity, and magnetic heating performance. Most importantly, the addition of Zn in the flame precursor solution facilitates the growth of spinel Zn-ferrite crystals that exhibit superior magnetic properties over iron oxides typically made in flames. These properties result in strong MRI T2 contrast agents as shown on a 4.7 T small animal MRI scanner and lead to a more efficient heating with alternating magnetic fields. Also, by injecting Zn0.4 Fe2.6 O4 nanoparticle suspensions into pork tissue, MR-images are acquired at clinically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, the nanothin SiO2 shell facilitates functionalization with polymers, which improves the biocompatibility of the theranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H. L. Starsich
- Particle Technology Laboratory; Institute of Process Engineering; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering; ETH Zürich; Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Drug Formulation & Delivery; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Moritz C. Wurnig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zürich; Rämistrasse 100 CH-8091 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christian Eberhardt
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zürich; Rämistrasse 100 CH-8091 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ann M. Hirt
- Institute of Geophysics; ETH Zürich; Sonneggstrasse 5 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zürich; Rämistrasse 100 CH-8091 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory; Institute of Process Engineering; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering; ETH Zürich; Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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27
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Spyrogianni A, Herrmann IK, Lucas MS, Leroux JC, Sotiriou GA. Quantitative analysis of the deposited nanoparticle dose on cell cultures by optical absorption spectroscopy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2483-96. [PMID: 27622851 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The delivered nanoparticle dose to cells in vitro may depend on nanoparticle sedimentation rate. Here, the conditions under which optical absorption spectroscopy can be used to quantify the deposited nanoparticle dose in vitro are investigated. MATERIALS & METHODS Nanoparticle cytotoxicity in both upright and inverted cell culture orientations is studied in the presence and absence of serum. RESULTS Dissolvable nanoparticles, such as ZnO, exhibit no difference in upright and inverted cultures due to dissolved Zn(2+) ions that dominate cytotoxicity. Insoluble nanoparticles, however, exhibit different sedimentation rates and deposited doses that are linked to the observed cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION The combined use of upright-inverted cell orientations and optical absorption spectroscopy can provide a simple experimental approach to interpret in vitro nano-biointeractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spyrogianni
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical & Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miriam S Lucas
- Scientific Center for Optical & Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Drug Formulation & Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Drug Formulation & Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Sotiriou GA, Singh D, Zhang F, Chalbot MCG, Spielman-Sun E, Hoering L, Kavouras IG, Lowry GV, Wohlleben W, Demokritou P. Thermal decomposition of nano-enabled thermoplastics: Possible environmental health and safety implications. J Hazard Mater 2016; 305:87-95. [PMID: 26642449 PMCID: PMC4707061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled products (NEPs) are currently part of our life prompting for detailed investigation of potential nano-release across their life-cycle. Particularly interesting is their end-of-life thermal decomposition scenario. Here, we examine the thermal decomposition of widely used NEPs, namely thermoplastic nanocomposites, and assess the properties of the byproducts (released aerosol and residual ash) and possible environmental health and safety implications. We focus on establishing a fundamental understanding on the effect of thermal decomposition parameters, such as polymer matrix, nanofiller properties, decomposition temperature, on the properties of byproducts using a recently-developed lab-based experimental integrated platform. Our results indicate that thermoplastic polymer matrix strongly influences size and morphology of released aerosol, while there was minimal but detectable nano-release, especially when inorganic nanofillers were used. The chemical composition of the released aerosol was found not to be strongly influenced by the presence of nanofiller at least for the low, industry-relevant loadings assessed here. Furthermore, the morphology and composition of residual ash was found to be strongly influenced by the presence of nanofiller. The findings presented here on thermal decomposition/incineration of NEPs raise important questions and concerns regarding the potential fate and transport of released engineered nanomaterials in environmental media and potential environmental health and safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Eleanor Spielman-Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lutz Hoering
- BASF SE, Material Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; BASF SE, Material Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions involve the transfer of a proton and an electron and play an important role in a number of chemical and biological processes. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, plasmon-enhanced PCET, which is manifested using SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles functionalized with gallic acid (GA), a natural antioxidant molecule that can perform PCET. These GA-functionalized nanoparticles show enhanced plasmonic response at near-IR wavelengths, due to particle agglomeration caused by the GA molecules. Near-IR laser irradiation induces strong local hot-spots on the SiO2-coated Ag nanoparticles, as evidenced by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This leads to plasmon energy transfer to the grafted GA molecules that lowers the GA-OH bond dissociation enthalpy by at least 2 kcal mol(-1) and therefore facilitates PCET. The nanoparticle-driven plasmon-enhancement of PCET brings together the so far unrelated research domains of nanoplasmonics and electron/proton translocation with significant impact on applications based on interfacial electron/proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland. and Drug Formulation & Delivery, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph O Blattmann
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland. and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Materials, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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30
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Teleki A, Haufe FL, Hirt AM, Pratsinis SE, Sotiriou GA. Highly scalable production of uniformly-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for triggered drug release from alginate hydrogels. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production of SiO2-coated Fe2O3nanoparticles facilitates their incorporation in stimuli-responsive superparamagnetic alginate hydrogel structures with efficient hyperthermia performance and enhanced triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Teleki
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
| | - Florian L. Haufe
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
| | - Ann M. Hirt
- Institute of Geophysics
- Department of Earth Sciences
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8092 Zurich
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31
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Sotiriou GA, Singh D, Zhang F, Wohlleben W, Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG, Demokritou P. An integrated methodology for the assessment of environmental health implications during thermal decomposition of nano-enabled products. Environ Sci Nano 2015; 2:262-272. [PMID: 26200119 PMCID: PMC4508024 DOI: 10.1039/c4en00210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) renders human exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) inevitable. Over the last decade, the risk assessment paradigm for nanomaterials focused primarily on potential adverse effect of pristine, as-prepared ENMs. However, the physicochemical properties of ENMs may be drastically altered across their life-cycle (LC), especially when they are embedded in various NEP matrices. Of a particular interest is the end-of-life scenario by thermal decomposition. The main objective of the current study is to develop a standardized, versatile and reproducible methodology that allows for the systematic physicochemical and toxicological characterization of the NEP thermal decomposition. The developed methodology was tested for an industry-relevant NEP in order to verify its versatility for such LC investigations. Results are indicative of potential environmental health risks associated with waste from specific NEP families and prompt for the development of safer-by-design approaches and exposure control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- BASF SE, Material Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ilias G. Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Fujiwara K, Sotiriou GA, Pratsinis SE. Enhanced Ag(+) Ion Release from Aqueous Nanosilver Suspensions by Absorption of Ambient CO2. Langmuir 2015; 31:5284-5290. [PMID: 25923906 DOI: 10.1021/la504946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver with closely controlled average particle diameter (7-30 nm) immobilized on nanosilica is prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of Ag2O on the as-prepared nanosilver surface is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and quantified by thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry. The release of Ag(+) ions in deionized water is monitored electrochemically and traced quantitatively to the dissolution of a preexisting Ag2O monolayer on the nanosilver surface. During this dissolution, the pH of the host solution rapidly increases, suppressing dissolution of the remaining metallic Ag. When, however, a nanosilver suspension is exposed to a CO2-containing atmosphere, like ambient air during its storage or usage, then CO2 is absorbed by the host solution decreasing its pH and contributing to metallic Ag dissolution and further leaching of Ag(+) ions. So the release of Ag(+) ions from the above closely sized nanosilver solutions in the absence and presence of CO2 as well as under synthetic air containing 200-1800 ppm of CO2 is investigated along with the solution pH and related to the antibacterial activity of nanosilver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Fujiwara
- †Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- ‡Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sotiris E Pratsinis
- †Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Polymer nanocomposite films with nanoparticle-specific properties are sought out in novel functional materials and miniaturized devices for electronic and biomedical applications. Sensors, capacitors, actuators, displays, circuit boards, solar cells, electromagnetic shields and medical electrodes rely on flexible, electrically conductive layers or films. Scalable synthesis of such nanocomposite films, however, remains a challenge. Here, flame aerosol deposition of metallic nanosliver onto bare or polymer-coated glass substrates followed by polymer spin-coating on them leads to rapid synthesis of flexible, free-standing, electrically conductive nanocomposite films. Their electrical conductivity is determined during their preparation and depends on substrate composition and nanosilver deposition duration. Accordingly, thin (<500 nm) and flexible nanocomposite films are made having conductivity equivalent to metals (e.g. 5 × 10(4) S cm(-1)), even during repetitive bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Blattmann
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Peters C, Ergeneman O, Sotiriou GA, Choi H, Nelson BJ, Hierold C. Visible light curing of Epon SU-8 based superparamagnetic polymer composites with random and ordered particle configurations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:193-200. [PMID: 25479462 DOI: 10.1021/am5056728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of superparamagnetic polymer composite microdevices is highly dependent on the magnetic particle content. While high loading levels are desired for many applications, the UV absorption of these nanoparticles limits the overall thickness of the fabricated microstructures and subsequently their capability of magnetic interaction. The combination of a visible-light-sensitive photoinitiator and particle self-organization is proposed to extend the exposure depth limitation in Epon SU-8 based superparamagnetic polymer composites. While superparamagnetic iron oxide particles strongly absorb i-line radiation required to cross-link the Epon SU-8 polymer matrix, we propose the utilization of H-Nu 470 photoinitiator to expand the photosensitivity of the composite toward the visible spectrum, where the dispersed nanoparticles are more transparent. The novel photoinitiator preserves the composite's superparamagnetic properties as well as a homogeneous particle distribution. As a result, particle load or resist thickness can be more than doubled while maintaining exposure time. The self-organization of ordered magnetic structures allows for an additional increase in exposure depth of up to 40%, resulting in a 2.5-fold saturation magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peters
- Micro and Nanosystems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Pirela SV, Sotiriou GA, Bello D, Shafer M, Bunker KL, Castranova V, Thomas T, Demokritou P. Consumer exposures to laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles: A case study of life-cycle implications from nano-enabled products. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:760-8. [PMID: 25387251 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.976602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that printers emit nanoparticles during their operation. To-date, however, the physicochemical and toxicological characterization of "real world" printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) remains incomplete, hampering proper risk assessment efforts. Here, we investigate our earlier hypothesis that engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in toners and ENMs are released during printing (consumer use). Furthermore, we conduct a detailed physicochemical and morphological characterization of PEPs in support of ongoing toxicological assessment. A comprehensive suite of state of the art analytical methods and tools was employed for the physicochemical and morphological characterization of 11 toners widely utilized in printers from major printer manufacturers and their PEPs. We confirmed that a number of ENMs incorporated into toner formulations (e.g. silica, alumina, titania, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, cerium oxide, carbon black among others) and released into the air during printing. All evaluated toners contained large amounts of organic carbon (OC, 42-89%), metals/metal oxides (1-33%), and some elemental carbon (EC, 0.33-12%). The PEPs possess a composition similar to that of toner and contained 50-90% OC, 0.001-0.5% EC and 1-3% metals. While the chemistry of the PEPs generally reflected that of their toners, considerable differences are documented indicative of potential transformations taking place during consumer use (printing). We conclude that: (i) Routine incorporation of ENMs in toners classifies them as nano-enabled products (NEPs); (ii) These ENMs become airborne during printing; (iii) The chemistry of PEPs is complex and it reflects that of the toner and paper. This work highlights the importance of understanding life-cycle (LC) nano-EHS implications of NEPs and assessing real world exposures and associated toxicological properties rather than focusing on "raw" materials used in the synthesis of an NEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Pirela
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University , Boston, MA , USA
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Konduru NV, Murdaugh KM, Sotiriou GA, Donaghey TC, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM. Bioavailability, distribution and clearance of tracheally-instilled and gavaged uncoated or silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:44. [PMID: 25183210 PMCID: PMC4237897 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and biological effects are influenced by several factors. We assessed the effects of amorphous SiO2 coating on the pharmacokinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) following intratracheal (IT) instillation and gavage in rats. METHODS Uncoated and SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were neutron-activated and IT-instilled at 1 mg/kg or gavaged at 5 mg/kg. Rats were followed over 28 days post-IT, and over 7 days post-gavage. Tissue samples were analyzed for 65Zn radioactivity. Pulmonary responses to instilled NPs were also evaluated at 24 hours. RESULTS SiO2-coated ZnO elicited significantly higher inflammatory responses than uncoated NPs. Pulmonary clearance of both 65ZnO NPs was biphasic with a rapid initial t1/2 (0.2 - 0.3 hours), and a slower terminal t1/2 of 1.2 days (SiO2-coated ZnO) and 1.7 days (ZnO). Both NPs were almost completely cleared by day 7 (>98%). With IT-instilled 65ZnO NPs, significantly more 65Zn was found in skeletal muscle, liver, skin, kidneys, cecum and blood on day 2 in uncoated than SiO2-coated NPs. By 28 days, extrapulmonary levels of 65Zn from both NPs significantly decreased. However, 65Zn levels in skeletal muscle, skin and blood remained higher from uncoated NPs. Interestingly, 65Zn levels in bone marrow and thoracic lymph nodes were higher from coated 65ZnO NPs. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine from rats instilled with SiO2-coated 65ZnO NPs. After 7 days post-gavage, only 7.4% (uncoated) and 6.7% (coated) of 65Zn dose were measured in all tissues combined. As with instilled NPs, after gavage significantly more 65Zn was measured in skeletal muscle from uncoated NPs and less in thoracic lymph nodes. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine and feces with coated than uncoated 65ZnO NPs. However, over 95% of the total dose of both NPs was eliminated in the feces by day 7. CONCLUSIONS Although SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were more inflammogenic, the overall lung clearance rate was not affected. However, SiO2 coating altered the tissue distribution of 65Zn in some extrapulmonary tissues. For both IT instillation and gavage administration, SiO2 coating enhanced transport of 65Zn to thoracic lymph nodes and decreased transport to the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramon M Molina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston 02115, MA, USA.
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Okello VA, Gass S, Pyrgiotakis G, Du N, Lake A, Kariuki V, Sotiriou GA, Addolorato J, Demokritou P, Sadik OA. Capture, isolation and electrochemical detection of industrially-relevant engineered aerosol nanoparticles using poly (amic) acid, phase-inverted, nano-membranes. J Hazard Mater 2014; 279:365-374. [PMID: 25080157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Workplace exposure to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is a potential health and environmental hazard. This paper reports a novel approach for tracking hazardous airborne ENPs by applying online poly (amic) acid membranes (PAA) with offline electrochemical detection. Test aerosol (Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO) nanoparticles were produced using the Harvard (Versatile Engineered Generation System) VENGES system. The particle morphology, size and elemental composition were determined using SEM, XRD and EDS. The PAA membrane electrodes used to capture the airborne ENPs were either stand-alone or with electron-beam gold-coated paper substrates. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to conceptually illustrate that exposure levels of industry-relevant classes of airborne nanoparticles could be captured and electrochemically detected at PAA membranes filter electrodes. CV parameters showed that PAA catalyzed the reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe(2+) with a size-dependent shift in reduction potential (E(0)). Using the proportionality of peak current to concentration, the amount of Fe2O3 was found to be 4.15×10(-17)mol/cm(3) PAA electrodes. Using EIS, the maximum phase angle (Φmax) and the interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased significantly using 100μg and 1000μg of TiO2 and ZnO respectively. The observed increase in Φmax and Rct at increasing concentration is consistent with the addition of an insulating layer of material on the electrode surface. The integrated VENGES/PAA filter sensor system has the potential to be used as a portable monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Okello
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Samuel Gass
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6021, United States
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6021, United States
| | - Nian Du
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Andrew Lake
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Victor Kariuki
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6021, United States
| | - Jessica Addolorato
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6021, United States.
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Systems (CASE), State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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Sotiriou GA, Watson C, Murdaugh KM, Darrah TH, Pyrgiotakis G, Elder A, Brain JD, Demokritou P. Engineering safer-by-design, transparent, silica-coated ZnO nanorods with reduced DNA damage potential. Environ Sci Nano 2014; 1:144-153. [PMID: 24955241 PMCID: PMC4060637 DOI: 10.1039/c3en00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles absorb UV light efficiently while remaining transparent in the visible light spectrum rendering them attractive in cosmetics and polymer films. Their broad use, however, raises concerns regarding potential environmental health risks and it has been shown that ZnO nanoparticles can induce significant DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Even though research on ZnO nanoparticle synthesis has made great progress, efforts on developing safer ZnO nanoparticles that maintain their inherent optoelectronic properties while exhibiting minimal toxicity are limited. Here, a safer-by-design concept was pursued by hermetically encapsulating ZnO nanorods in a biologically inert, nanothin amorphous SiO2 coating during their gas-phase synthesis. It is demonstrated that the SiO2 nanothin layer hermetically encapsulates the core ZnO nanorods without altering their optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, the effect of SiO2 on the toxicological profile of the core ZnO nanorods was assessed using the Nano-Cometchip assay by monitoring DNA damage at a cellular level using human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6). Results indicate significantly lower DNA damage (>3 times) for the SiO2-coated ZnO nanorods compared to uncoated ones. Such an industry-relevant, scalable, safer-by-design formulation of nanostructured materials can liberate their employment in nano-enabled products and minimize risks to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Murdaugh
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas H. Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, 231 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester, Department of Environmental Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joseph D. Brain
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Fusco S, Sakar MS, Kennedy S, Peters C, Bottani R, Starsich F, Mao A, Sotiriou GA, Pané S, Pratsinis SE, Mooney D, Nelson BJ. An integrated microrobotic platform for on-demand, targeted therapeutic interventions. Adv Mater 2014; 26:952-7. [PMID: 24510666 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The presented microrobotic platform combines together the advantages of self-folding NIR light sensitive polymer bilayers, magnetic alginate microbeads, and a 3D manipulation system, to propose a solution for targeted, on-demand drug and cell delivery. First feasibility studies are presented together with the potential of the full design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fusco
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
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Sotiriou GA, Etterlin GD, Spyrogianni A, Krumeich F, Leroux JC, Pratsinis SE. Plasmonic biocompatible silver–gold alloyed nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13559-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoalloying Ag with Au minimizes nanoparticle surface oxidation and subsequent toxic Ag+ ion release rendering such nanoparticles safer for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gion Diego Etterlin
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Spyrogianni
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Drug Formulation & Delivery
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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Pratsinis A, Hervella P, Leroux JC, Pratsinis SE, Sotiriou GA. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in macrophages. Small 2013; 9:2576-84. [PMID: 23418027 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nanosilver) are broadly used today in textiles, food packaging, household devices and bioapplications, prompting a better understanding of their toxicity and biological interactions. In particular, the cytotoxicity of nanosilver with respect to mammalian cells remains unclear, because such investigations can be biased by the nanosilver coatings and the lack of particle size control. Here, nanosilver of well-defined size (5.7 to 20.4 nm) supported on inert nanostructured silica is produced using flame aerosol technology. The cytotoxicity of the prepared nanosilver with respect to murine macrophages is assessed in vitro because these cells are among the first to confront nanosilver upon its intake by mammals. The silica support facilitates the dispersion and stabilization of the prepared nanosilver in biological suspensions, and no other coating or functionalization is applied that could interfere with the biointeractions of nanosilver. Detailed characterization of the particles by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy reveals that the size of the nanosilver is well controlled. Smaller nanosilver particles release or leach larger fractions of their mass as Ag⁺ ions upon dispersion in water. This strongly influences the cytotoxicity of the nanosilver when incubated with murine macrophages. The size of the nanosilver dictates its mode of cytotoxicity (Ag⁺ ion-specific and/or particle-specific). The toxicity of small nanosilver (<10 nm) is mostly mediated by the released Ag⁺ ions. The influence of such ions on the toxicity of nanosilver decreases with increasing nanosilver size (>10 nm). Direct silver nanoparticle-macrophage interactions dominate the nanosilver toxicity at sizes larger than 10 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gass S, Cohen JM, Pyrgiotakis G, Sotiriou GA, Pratsinis SE, Demokritou P. A Safer Formulation Concept for Flame-Generated Engineered Nanomaterials. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2013; 1:843-857. [PMID: 23961338 PMCID: PMC3745221 DOI: 10.1021/sc300152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The likely success or failure of the nanotechnology industry depends on the environmental health and safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). While efforts toward engineering safer ENMs are sparse, such efforts are considered crucial to the sustainability of the nanotech industry. A promising approach in this regard is to coat potentially toxic nanomaterials with a biologically inert layer of amorphous SiO2. Core-shell particles exhibit the surface properties of their amorphous SiO2 shell while maintaining specific functional properties of their core material. A major challenge in the development of functional core-shell particles is the design of scalable high-yield processes that can meet large-scale industrial demand. Here, we present a safer formulation concept for flame-generated ENMs based on a one-step, in flight SiO2 encapsulation process, which was recently introduced by the authors as a means for a scalable manufacturing of SiO2 coated ENMs. Firstly, the versatility of the SiO2-coating process is demonstrated by applying it to four ENMs (CeO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, Ag) marked by their prevalence in consumer products as well as their range in toxicity. The ENM-dependent coating fundamentals are assessed and process parameters are optimized for each ENM investigated. The effects of the SiO2-coating on core material structure, composition and morphology, as well as the coating efficiency on each nanostructured material, are evaluated using state-of-the-art analytical methods (XRD, N2 adsorption, TEM, XPS, isopropanol chemisorption). Finally, the biological interactions of SiO2-coated vs. uncoated ENMs are evaluated using cellular bioassays, providing valuable evidence for reduced toxicity for the SiO2-coated ENMs. Results indicate that the proposed 'safer by design' concept bears great promise for scaled-up application in industry in order to reduce the toxicological profile of ENMs for certain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gass
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel M. Cohen
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A
- Corresponding author: Philip Demokritou, PhD,
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Deligiannakis Y, Sotiriou GA, Pratsinis SE. Antioxidant and antiradical SiO2 nanoparticles covalently functionalized with gallic acid. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:6609-17. [PMID: 23121088 DOI: 10.1021/am301751s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) and its derivatives are natural polyphenolic substances widely used as antioxidants in nutrients, medicine and polymers. Here, nanoantioxidant materials are engineered by covalently grafting GA on SiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs). A proof-of-concept is provided herein, using four types of well-characterized SiO(2) NPs of specific surface area (SSA) 96-352 m(2)/g. All such hybrid SiO(2)-GA NPs had the same surface density of GA molecules (~1 GA per nm(2)). The radical-scavenging capacity (RSC) of the SiO(2)-GA NPs was quantified in comparison with pure GA based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical method, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The scavenging of DPPH radicals by these nanoantioxidant SiO(2)-GA NPs showed mixed-phase kinetics: An initial fast-phase (t(1/2) <1 min) corresponding to a H-Atom Transfer (HAT) mechanism, followed by a slow-phase attributed to secondary radical-radical reactions. The slow-reactions resulted in radical-induced NP agglomeration, that was more prominent for high-SSA NPs. After their interaction with DPPH radicals, the nanoantioxidant particles can be reused by simple washing with no impairment of their RSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Nanosilver is most attractive for its bactericidal properties in modern textiles, food packaging, and biomedical applications. Concerns, however, about released Ag(+) ions during dispersion of nanosilver in liquids have limited its broad use. Here, nanosilver supported on nanostructured silica is made with closely controlled Ag size both by dry (flame aerosol) and by wet chemistry (impregnation) processes without any surface functionalization that could interfere with its ion release. It is characterized by electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and its Ag(+) ion release in deionized water is monitored electrochemically. The dispersion method of nanosilver in solutions affects its dissolution rate but not the final Ag(+) ion concentration. By systematically comparing nanosilver size distributions to their equilibrium Ag(+) ion concentrations, it is revealed that the latter correspond precisely to dissolution of one to two surface silver oxide monolayers, depending on particle diameter. When, however, the nanosilver is selectively conditioned by either washing or H(2) reduction, the oxide layers are removed, drastically minimizing Ag(+) ion leaching and its antibacterial activity against E. coli . That way the bactericidal activity of nanosilver is confined to contact with its surface rather than to rampant ions. This leads to silver nanoparticles with antibacterial properties that are essential for medical tools and hospital applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Ergeneman O, Chatzipirpiridis G, Pokki J, Marín-Suárez M, Sotiriou GA, Medina-Rodríguez S, Sánchez JFF, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Pané S, Nelson BJ. In vitro oxygen sensing using intraocular microrobots. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:3104-9. [PMID: 22955866 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2216264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a luminescence oxygen sensor integrated with a wireless intraocular microrobot for minimally-invasive diagnosis. This microrobot can be accurately controlled in the intraocular cavity by applying magnetic fields. The microrobot consists of a magnetic body susceptible to magnetic fields and a sensor coating. This coating embodies Pt(II) octaethylporphine (PtOEP) dyes as the luminescence material and polystyrene as a supporting matrix, and it can be wirelessly excited and read out by optical means. The sensor works based on quenching of luminescence in the presence of oxygen. The excitation and emission spectrum, response time, and oxygen sensitivity of the sensor were characterized using a spectrometer. A custom device was designed and built to use this sensor for intraocular measurements with the microrobot. Due to the intrinsic nature of luminescence lifetimes, a frequency-domain lifetime measurement approach was used. An alternative sensor design with increased performance was demonstrated by using poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PS-MA) and PtOEP nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgaç Ergeneman
- Multiscale Robotics Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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46
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47
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Sotiriou GA, Franco D, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. Optically stable biocompatible flame-made SiO2-coated Y2O3:Tb3+ nanophosphors for cell imaging. ACS Nano 2012; 6:3888-97. [PMID: 22509739 PMCID: PMC3717410 DOI: 10.1021/nn205035p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanophosphors are light-emitting materials with stable optical properties that represent promising tools for bioimaging. The synthesis of nanophosphors, and thus the control of their surface properties, is, however, challenging. Here, flame aerosol technology is exploited to generate Tb-activated Y(2)O(3) nanophosphors (∼25 nm) encapsulated in situ by a nanothin amorphous inert SiO(2) film. The nanocrystalline core exhibits a bright green luminescence following the Tb(3+) ion transitions, while the hermetic SiO(2)-coating prevents any unspecific interference with cellular activities. The SiO(2)-coated nanophosphors display minimal photobleaching upon imaging and can be easily functionalized through surface absorption of biological molecules. Therefore, they can be used as bionanoprobes for cell detection and for long-term monitoring of cellular activities. As an example, we report on the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF)-functionalized nanophosphors and mouse melanoma cells. The cellular uptake of the nanophosphors is visualized with confocal microscopy, and the specific activation of EGF receptors is revealed with biochemical techniques. Altogether, our results establish SiO(2)-coated Tb-activated Y(2)O(3) nanophosphors as superior imaging tools for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Institute of Energy Technology Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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Bubenhofer SB, Schumacher CM, Koehler FM, Luechinger NA, Sotiriou GA, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Electrical resistivity of assembled transparent inorganic oxide nanoparticle thin layers: influence of silica, insulating impurities, and surfactant layer thickness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:2664-71. [PMID: 22545730 PMCID: PMC3666144 DOI: 10.1021/am300319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of transparent, conductive layers prepared from nanoparticle dispersions of doped oxides are highly sensitive to impurities. Production of cost-effective thin conducting films for consumer electronics often employs wet processing such as spin and/or dip coating of surfactant-stabilized nanoparticle dispersions. This inherently results in entrainment of organic and inorganic impurities into the conducting layer leading to largely varying electrical conductivity. Therefore, this study provides a systematic investigation on the effect of insulating surfactants, small organic molecules and silica in terms of pressure dependent electrical resistivity as a result of different core/shell structures (layer thickness). Application of high temperature flame synthesis gives access to antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles with high purity. This well-defined starting material was then subjected to representative film preparation processes using organic additives. In addition ATO nanoparticles were prepared with a homogeneous inorganic silica layer (silica layer thickness from 0.7 to 2 nm). Testing both organic and inorganic shell materials for the electronic transport through the nanoparticle composite allowed a systematic study on the influence of surface adsorbates (e.g., organic, insulating materials on the conducting nanoparticle's surface) in comparison to well-known insulators such as silica. Insulating impurities or shells revealed a dominant influence of a tunneling effect on the overall layer resistance. Mechanical relaxation phenomena were found for 2 nm insulating shells for both large polymer surfactants and (inorganic) SiO(2) shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Bubenhofer
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M. Schumacher
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian M. Koehler
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norman A. Luechinger
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tsai CSJ, Echevarría-Vega ME, Sotiriou GA, Santeufemio C, Schmidt D, Demokritou P, Ellenbecker M. Evaluation of environmental filtration control of engineered nanoparticles using the Harvard Versatile Engineered Nanomaterial Generation System (VENGES). J Nanopart Res 2012; 14:812. [PMID: 23412707 PMCID: PMC3569546 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-012-0812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Applying engineering controls to airborne engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is critical to prevent environmental releases and worker exposure. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two air sampling and six air cleaning fabric filters at collecting ENPs using industrially relevant flame-made engineered nanoparticles generated using a versatile engineered nanomaterial generation system (VENGES), recently designed and constructed at Harvard University. VENGES has the ability to generate metal and metal oxide exposure atmospheres while controlling important particle properties such as primary particle size, aerosol size distribution, and agglomeration state. For this study, amorphous SiO(2) ENPs with a 15.4 nm primary particle size were generated and diluted with HEPA-filtered air. The aerosol was passed through the filter samples at two different filtration face velocities (2.3 and 3.5 m/min). Particle concentrations as a function of particle size were measured upstream and downstream of the filters using a specially designed filter test system to evaluate filtration efficiency. Real time instruments (FMPS and APS) were used to measure particle concentration for diameters from 5 to 20,000 nm. Membrane-coated fabric filters were found to have enhanced nanoparticle collection efficiency by 20-46 % points compared to non-coated fabric and could provide collection efficiency above 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace S-J Tsai
- NSF Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA,
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Sotiriou GA, Schneider M, Pratsinis SE. Green, Silica-Coated Monoclinic Y(2)O(3):Tb(3+) Nanophosphors: Flame Synthesis and Characterization. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2012; 116:4493-4499. [PMID: 23408153 PMCID: PMC3568749 DOI: 10.1021/jp211722z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silica-coated and uncoated, Tb-doped (1-5 at % Tb) Y(2)O(3) green nanophosphors were made, for the first time, in a single step by flame aerosol technology with controlled crystal phase (cubic and monoclinic) and morphology. The nanophosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N(2) adsorption, high resolution electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The monoclinic crystal structure of Y(2)O(3):Tb(3+) nanophosphors favors the electric dipole (5)D(4) → (7)F(5) transition driving their green phosphorescence. The phosphorescence of the SiO(2)-coated monoclinic Y(2)O(3):Tb(3+) nanophosphors is lower than the uncoated ones. Upon annealing these nanophosphors, they were transformed from monoclinic to cubic and their phosphorescence was reduced. This further indicates the superior performance of the monoclinic crystal phase for the electric dipole transitions of Tb(3+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Schneider
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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