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Morgan LM, Loche D, Corrias A, Hayama S, Mountjoy G. Using Ex Situ and In Situ HERFD-XANES to Reveal the Superior Oxidation and Reduction Cycling of Ceria Nanocubes Dispersed in Silica Aerogel. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:19554-19562. [PMID: 37817919 PMCID: PMC10561250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen storage capacity of ceria-based catalytic materials is influenced by their size, morphology, and surface structure, which can be tuned using surfactant-mediated synthesis. In particular, the cuboidal morphology exposes the most reactive surfaces; however, when the capping agent is removed, the nanocubes can agglomerate and limit the available reactive surface. Here, we study ceria nanocubes, lanthanum-doped ceria nanocubes, and ceria nanocubes embedded inside a highly porous silica aerogel by high-energy resolution fluorescence detection-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy at the Ce L3 edge. In situ measurements showed an increased reversibility of redox cycles in ceria nanocubes when embedded in the aerogel, demonstrating enhanced reactivity due to the retention of reactive surfaces. These aerogel nanocomposites show greater improvement in the redox capacity and increased thermal stability of this catalytic material compared to the surfactant-capped nanocubes. Ex situ measurements were also performed to study the effect of lanthanum doping on the cerium oxidation state in the nanocubes, indicating a higher proportion of Ce4+ compared to that of the undoped ceria nanocubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M. Morgan
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Ingram Building, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Danilo Loche
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Ingram Building, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Anna Corrias
- School
of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University
of Kent, Ingram Building, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Shusaku Hayama
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 DE, U.K.
| | - Gavin Mountjoy
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Kent, Ingram Building, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
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2
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Pang Y, Nöthling N, Leutzsch M, Kang L, Bill E, van Gastel M, Reijerse E, Goddard R, Wagner L, SantaLucia D, DeBeer S, Neese F, Cornella J. Synthesis and isolation of a triplet bismuthinidene with a quenched magnetic response. Science 2023:eadg2833. [PMID: 37200451 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC) is an intrinsic property of the heavy-elements that directly affects the electronic structures of the compounds. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of a mono-coordinate bismuthinidene featuring a rigid and bulky ligand. All magnetic measurements (SQUID, NMR) point to a diamagnetic compound. However, multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations predict the ground state of the compound to be dominated (76%) by a spin-triplet. The apparent diamagnetism is explained by an extremely large SOC induced positive zero-field-splitting of more than 4500 cm-1 that leaves the MS = 0 magnetic sublevel thermally isolated in the electronic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edward Reijerse
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lucas Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel SantaLucia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Dynamics of palladium single-atoms on graphitic carbon nitride during ethylene hydrogenation. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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4
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Neptunium and Uranium Interactions with Environmentally and Industrially Relevant Iron Minerals. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neptunium (237Np) is an important radionuclide in the nuclear fuel cycle in areas such as effluent treatment and the geodisposal of radioactive waste. Due to neptunium’s redox sensitivity and its tendency to adsorb strongly to mineral phases, such as iron oxides/sulfides, the environmental mobility of Np can be altered significantly by a wide variety of chemical processes. Here, Np interactions with key iron minerals, ferrihydrite (Fe5O8H·4H2O), goethite (α-FeOOH), and mackinawite (FeS), are investigated using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in order to explore the mobility of neptunyl(V) (Np(V)O2+) moiety in environmental (radioactive waste disposal) and industrial (effluent treatment plant) scenarios. Analysis of the Np LIII-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) showed that upon exposure to goethite and ferrihydrite, Np(V) adsorbed to the surface, likely as an inner-sphere complex. Interestingly, analysis showed that only the first two shells (Oax and Oeq) of the EXAFS could be modelled with a high degree of confidence, and there was no clear indication of Fe or carbonate in the fits. When Np(V)O2+ was added to a mackinawite-containing system, Np(V) was reduced to Np(IV) and formed a nanocrystalline Np(IV)O2 solid. An analogous experiment was also performed with U(VI)O22+, and a similar reduction was observed, with U(VI) being reduced to nanocrystalline uraninite (U(IV)O2). These results highlight that Np(V) may undergo a variety of speciation changes in environmental and engineered systems whilst also highlighting the need for multi-technique approaches to speciation determination for actinyl (for example, Np(V)O2+) species.
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5
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Terrill NJ, Dent AJ, Dobson B, Beale AM, Allen L, Bras W. Past, present and future-sample environments for materials research studies in scattering and spectroscopy; a UK perspective. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:483002. [PMID: 34479225 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption fine structure are two techniques that have been employed at synchrotron sources ever since their inception. Over the course of the development of the techniques, the introduction of sample environments for added value experiments has grown dramatically. This article reviews past successes, current developments and an exploration of future possibilities for these two x-ray techniques with an emphasis on the developments in the United Kingdom between 1980-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Dobson
- Sagentia Ltd, Harston Mill, Harston Mill, CB22 7GG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, One Bethel Valley Road TN 37831, United States of America
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6
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Leach AS, Hack J, Amboage M, Diaz-Moreno S, Huang H, Cullen PL, Wilding M, Magliocca E, Miller TS, Howard CA, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, McMillan PF, Russell AE, Jervis R. A novel fuel cell design for operandoenergy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:314002. [PMID: 34030140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allowoperandox-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that theoperandocell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an establishedin situcell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leach
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - J Hack
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M Amboage
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - H Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P L Cullen
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS) and Material Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - E Magliocca
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - T S Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - C A Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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7
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Hayama S, Duller G, Sutter JP, Amboage M, Boada R, Freeman A, Keenan L, Nutter B, Cahill L, Leicester P, Kemp B, Rubies N, Diaz-Moreno S. The scanning four-bounce monochromator for beamline I20 at the Diamond Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1556-1564. [PMID: 30179197 PMCID: PMC6140387 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518008974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A description of the technical and design details of a scanning four-bounce crystal monochromator that has recently been commissioned for the Versatile X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) beamline at Diamond Light Source is presented. This device consists of two independent rotary axes of unique design which are synchronized using a multiple read-head encoder system. This monochromator is shown to be capable of maintaining the flux throughput of the Bragg axes without the need of any external feedback mechanism from 4 to 20 keV. The monochromator is currently equipped with cryogenically cooled crystals with the upstream axis consisting of two independent Si(111) crystals and a pair of channel-cut crystals in the downstream axis. The possibility of installing an additional Si(311) crystal-set to extend the energy range to 34 keV is incorporated into the preliminary design of the device. Experimental data are presented showing the exceptional mechanical stability and repeatability of the monochromator axes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Duller
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - Roberto Boada
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Adam Freeman
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Brian Nutter
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Leo Cahill
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Ben Kemp
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Nico Rubies
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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8
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Diaz-Moreno S, Amboage M, Basham M, Boada R, Bricknell NE, Cibin G, Cobb TM, Filik J, Freeman A, Geraki K, Gianolio D, Hayama S, Ignatyev K, Keenan L, Mikulska I, Mosselmans JFW, Mudd JJ, Parry SA. The Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:998-1009. [PMID: 29979161 PMCID: PMC6038600 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the current status and technical details of the Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. The Village is formed of four beamlines: I18, B18, I20-Scanning and I20-EDE. The village provides the UK community with local access to a hard X-ray microprobe, a quick-scanning multi-purpose XAS beamline, a high-intensity beamline for X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dilute samples and X-ray emission spectroscopy, and an energy-dispersive extended X-ray absorption fine-structure beamline. The optics of B18, I20-scanning and I20-EDE are detailed; moreover, recent developments on the four beamlines, including new detector hardware and changes in acquisition software, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Basham
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Roberto Boada
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Filik
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Adam Freeman
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - James J. Mudd
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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9
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Burke IT, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S, Peacock CL, Benning LG, Coker VS. Impact of the Diamond Light Source on research in Earth and environmental sciences: current work and future perspectives. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:20130151. [PMID: 25624516 PMCID: PMC4308981 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Light Source Ltd celebrated its 10th anniversary as a company in December 2012 and has now accepted user experiments for over 5 years. This paper describes the current facilities available at Diamond and future developments that enhance its capacities with respect to the Earth and environmental sciences. A review of relevant research conducted at Diamond thus far is provided. This highlights how synchrotron-based studies have brought about important advances in our understanding of the fundamental parameters controlling highly complex mineral-fluid-microbe interface reactions in the natural environment. This new knowledge not only enhances our understanding of global biogeochemical processes, but also provides the opportunity for interventions to be designed for environmental remediation and beneficial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Burke
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline L Peacock
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Liane G Benning
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Victoria S Coker
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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10
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Bowron DT, Amboage M, Boada R, Freeman A, Hayama S, Díaz-Moreno S. The hydration structure of Cu2+: more tetrahedral than octahedral? RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Diaz-Moreno S. XAFS data collection: an integrated approach to delivering good data. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:863-868. [PMID: 23093743 DOI: 10.1107/s090904951203854x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy scale calibration and reliable intensity measurement are the main issues related to the collection of good spectroscopy data. The accurate determination of the energy scale is often established by using foils of optimum thickness to calibrate the monochromator. However, mechanical issues with the monochromator, movement of the source, or even the resolution of the spectrometer can have an effect on the measured energy scale. For the issue of accurate intensity measurements, calibrated detectors are necessary to ensure a reliable measurement of the spectroscopic signal, both in transmission and fluorescence detection modes. In this paper a review of the most common techniques used for energy calibration and for collecting X-ray absorption spectroscopy data is given, together with a brief description of the factors that have an impact on the intensity of the measured signal. A brief description of the versatile X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline, I20, at Diamond Light Source is also presented, giving particular emphasis on how the beamline design has been undertaken to tackle these key issues. In particular, the use of a four-bounce monochromator will be discussed, highlighting the advantages of the device for the measurement of spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
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