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Xue S, Huang G, Chen Q, Wang X, Fan J, Shou D. Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 38478150 PMCID: PMC10937893 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being. By merely broadening the set-point of indoor temperatures, we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. In recent years, there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management (PTM), aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings, clothing, and skin. The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering. An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management (PRTM), which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation. However, it is less taken into account in traditional textiles, and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM. In this review, we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM. Specifically, we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms, fabrication methods of textiles, and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities, including radiative cooling, radiative heating, and dual-mode thermoregulation. Furthermore, we will shine a light on the current hurdles, propose potential strategies, and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Xue
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
- Future Intelligent Wear Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Shanghai International Fashion Innovation Center, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xungai Wang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintu Fan
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Shou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Future Intelligent Wear Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Amon DJ, Moberg F, Claudet J, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Pranindita A, Wabnitz CCC, Österblom H. A forgotten element of the blue economy: marine biomimetics and inspiration from the deep sea. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac196. [PMID: 36714844 PMCID: PMC9802412 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, physiology, and behavior of marine organisms have been a valuable source of inspiration for solving conceptual and design problems. Here, we introduce this rich and rapidly expanding field of marine biomimetics, and identify it as a poorly articulated and often overlooked element of the ocean economy associated with substantial monetary benefits. We showcase innovations across seven broad categories of marine biomimetic design (adhesion, antifouling, armor, buoyancy, movement, sensory, stealth), and use this framing as context for a closer consideration of the increasingly frequent focus on deep-sea life as an inspiration for biomimetic design. We contend that marine biomimetics is not only a "forgotten" sector of the ocean economy, but has the potential to drive appreciation of nonmonetary values, conservation, and stewardship, making it well-aligned with notions of a sustainable blue economy. We note, however, that the highest ambitions for a blue economy are that it not only drives sustainability, but also greater equity and inclusivity, and conclude by articulating challenges and considerations for bringing marine biomimetics onto this trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Robert Blasiak, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Diva J Amon
- SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fredrik Moberg
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Pranindita
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, CP 20200 Maldonado, Uruguay
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3
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Kay R, Katrycz C, Nitièma K, Jakubiec JA, Hatton BD. Decapod-inspired pigment modulation for active building facades. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4120. [PMID: 35840559 PMCID: PMC9287369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical buildings are static structures, unable to adjust to dynamic temperature and daylight fluctuations. Adaptive facades that are responsive to these unsteady solar conditions can substantially reduce operational energy inefficiencies, indoor heating, cooling, and lighting costs, as well as greenhouse-gas emissions. Inspired by marine organisms that disperse pigments within their skin, we propose an adaptive building interface that uses reversible fluid injections to tune optical transmission. Pigmented fluids with tunable morphologies are reversibly injected and withdrawn from confined layers, achieving locally-adjustable shading and interior solar exposure. Multicell arrays tiled across large areas enable differential and dynamic building responses, demonstrated using both experimental and simulated approaches. Fluidic reconfigurations can find optimal states over time to reduce heating, cooling, and lighting energy in our models by over 30% compared to current available electrochromic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Kay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada. .,John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2J5, Canada.
| | - Charlie Katrycz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Kevin Nitièma
- John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2J5, Canada
| | - J Alstan Jakubiec
- John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 2J5, Canada.,School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Hatton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada.
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4
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Programmable droplets: Leveraging digitally-responsive flow fields to actively tune liquid morphologies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264141. [PMID: 35320284 PMCID: PMC8942257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive materials enable programmable and adaptive behaviors. Typical solid-phase systems can only achieve small deformations for applications where shape transformations are beneficial or required. Liquids, in contrast, can self-assemble and achieve very high strains in a multifluid environment. Here we report liquid droplet formation by tuning flow potential within a confined fluidic cell. We digitally inject small volumes of liquid-pigment into an otherwise-transparent liquid layer, generating macroscopic droplet assembly over large areas constrained between closely-spaced plates. Droplet morphology is actively controlled by modulating outlet conditions to tune flow fields. Pattern stability is maintained through control over injection rate, interfacial viscosity difference, and interfacial surface tension. We demonstrate time-dependent droplet formation and migration to achieve spatially-tunable optical properties. Applied as a multi-cell array, we imagine this liquid mechanism will enable scalable pattern dynamics for active shading and visual display technologies.
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5
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Fang J, Zhuang Y, Liu K, Chen Z, Liu Z, Kong T, Xu J, Qi C. A Shift from Efficiency to Adaptability: Recent Progress in Biomimetic Interactive Soft Robotics in Wet Environments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104347. [PMID: 35072360 PMCID: PMC8922102 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Research field of soft robotics develops exponentially since it opens up many imaginations, such as human-interactive robot, wearable robots, and transformable robots in unpredictable environments. Wet environments such as sea and in vivo represent dynamic and unstructured environments that adaptive soft robots can reach their potentials. Recent progresses in soft hybridized robotics performing tasks underwater herald a diversity of interactive soft robotics in wet environments. Here, the development of soft robots in wet environments is reviewed. The authors recapitulate biomimetic inspirations, recent advances in soft matter materials, representative fabrication techniques, system integration, and exemplary functions for underwater soft robots. The authors consider the key challenges the field faces in engineering material, software, and hardware that can bring highly intelligent soft robots into real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielun Fang
- College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yanfeng Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Kailang Liu
- College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Zhou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Cheng Qi
- College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518000China
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6
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Liu Y, Feng Z, Xu C, Chatterjee A, Gorodetsky AA. Reconfigurable Micro- and Nano-Structured Camouflage Surfaces Inspired by Cephalopods. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17299-17309. [PMID: 34633175 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkled surfaces and materials are found throughout the natural world in various plants and animals and are known to improve the performance of emerging optical and electrical technologies. Despite much progress, the reversible post-fabrication tuning of wrinkle sizes and geometries across multiple length scales has remained relatively challenging for some materials, and the development of comprehensive structure-function relationships for optically active wrinkled surfaces has often proven difficult. Herein, by drawing inspiration from natural cephalopod skin and leveraging methodologies established for artificial adaptive infrared platforms, we engineer systems with hierarchically reconfigurable wrinkled surface morphologies and dynamically tunable visible-to-infrared spectroscopic properties. Specifically, we demonstrate architectures for which mechanical actuation changes the surface morphological characteristics; modulates the reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance across a broad spectral window; controls the specular-to-diffuse reflectance ratios; and alters the visible and thermal appearances. Moreover, we demonstrate the incorporation of these architectures into analogous electrically actuated appearance-changing devices that feature competitive figures of merit, such as reasonable maximum areal strains, rapid response times, and good stabilities upon repeated actuation. Overall, our findings constitute another step forward in the continued development of cephalopod-inspired light- and heat-manipulating systems and may facilitate advanced applications in the areas of sensing, electronics, optics, soft robotics, and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Atrouli Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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7
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Han D, Wang Y, Yang C, Lee H. Multimaterial Printing for Cephalopod-Inspired Light-Responsive Artificial Chromatophores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12735-12745. [PMID: 33390008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods use chromatophores distributed on their soft skin to change skin color and its pattern. Each chromatophore consists of a central sac containing pigment granules and radial muscles surrounding the sac. The contraction of the radial muscle causes the central sac to expand in area, making the color of the pigment more visible. With the chromatophores actuating individually, cephalopods can create extremely complex skin color patterns, which they utilize for exquisite functions including camouflage and communication. Inspired by this mechanism, we present an artificial chromatophore that can modulate its color pattern in response to light. Multimaterial projection microstereolithography is used to integrate three functional components including a photoactive hydrogel composite with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-NPs), acrylic acid hydrogel, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. In order to generate light-driven actuation of the artificial chromatophore, the photothermal effect of the PDA-NPs, light-responsive deformation of the photoactive hydrogel composite, and the produced mechanical stresses are studied. Mechanical properties and interfacial bonding strengths between different materials are also investigated to ensure structural integrity during actuation. We demonstrate pattern modulation of the light-responsive artificial chromatophores (LACs) with the projection of different light patterns. The LAC may suggest a new concept for various engineering applications such as the camouflage interface, biophotonic device, and flexible display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehoon Han
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yueping Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
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8
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Dou S, Xu H, Zhao J, Zhang K, Li N, Lin Y, Pan L, Li Y. Bioinspired Microstructured Materials for Optical and Thermal Regulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000697. [PMID: 32686250 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precise optical and thermal regulatory systems are found in nature, specifically in the microstructures on organisms' surfaces. In fact, the interaction between light and matter through these microstructures is of great significance to the evolution and survival of organisms. Furthermore, the optical regulation by these biological microstructures is engineered owing to natural selection. Herein, the role that microstructures play in enhancing optical performance or creating new optical properties in nature is summarized, with a focus on the regulation mechanisms of the solar and infrared spectra emanating from the microstructures and their role in the field of thermal radiation. The causes of the unique optical phenomena are discussed, focusing on prevailing characteristics such as high absorption, high transmission, adjustable reflection, adjustable absorption, and dynamic infrared radiative design. On this basis, the comprehensive control performance of light and heat integrated by this bioinspired microstructure is introduced in detail and a solution strategy for the development of low-energy, environmentally friendly, intelligent thermal control instruments is discussed. In order to develop such an instrument, a microstructural design foundation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yipeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lei Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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9
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Bense H, Roman B, Snoeijer J, Andreotti B. Mechanics and Energetics of Electromembranes. Soft Robot 2020; 7:675-687. [PMID: 32223691 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of electroactive polymers has shown great promises in the field of soft robotics and was logically followed by experimental, numerical, and theoretical developments. Most of these studies were concerned with systems entirely covered by electrodes. However, there is a growing interest for partially active polymers, in which the electrode covers only one part of the membrane. Indeed, such actuation can trigger buckling instabilities and so represents a route toward the control of three-dimensional shapes. Here, we study theoretically the behavior of such partially active electroactive polymer. We address two problems: (1) the electrostatic elastica including geometric nonlinearities and partially electroactive strip using a variational approach. We propose a new interpretation of the equations of deformation, by drawing analogies with biological growth, in which the effect of the electric voltage is seen as a change in the reference stress-free state. (2) We explain the nature of the distribution of electrostatic forces on this simple system, which is not trivial. In particular, we find that edge effects are playing a major role in this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Bense
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Roman
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jacco Snoeijer
- Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Andreotti
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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10
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Leung EM, Colorado Escobar M, Stiubianu GT, Jim SR, Vyatskikh AL, Feng Z, Garner N, Patel P, Naughton KL, Follador M, Karshalev E, Trexler MD, Gorodetsky AA. A dynamic thermoregulatory material inspired by squid skin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1947. [PMID: 31036806 PMCID: PMC6488639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective thermal management is critical for the operation of many modern technologies, such as electronic circuits, smart clothing, and building environment control systems. By leveraging the static infrared-reflecting design of the space blanket and drawing inspiration from the dynamic color-changing ability of squid skin, we have developed a composite material with tunable thermoregulatory properties. Our material demonstrates an on/off switching ratio of ~25 for the transmittance, regulates a heat flux of ~36 W/m2 with an estimated mechanical power input of ~3 W/m2, and features a dynamic environmental setpoint temperature window of ~8 °C. Moreover, the composite can manage one fourth of the metabolic heat flux expected for a sedentary individual and can also modulate localized changes in a wearer's body temperature by nearly 10-fold. Due to such functionality and associated figures of merit, our material may substantially reduce building energy consumption upon widespread deployment and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Leung
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Melvin Colorado Escobar
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - George T. Stiubianu
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Steven R. Jim
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Alexandra L. Vyatskikh
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Zhijing Feng
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Nicholas Garner
- 0000 0004 0456 4954grid.450232.2Under Armour, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21230 USA
| | - Priyam Patel
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Kyle L. Naughton
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Maurizio Follador
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Emil Karshalev
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Matthew D. Trexler
- 0000 0004 0456 4954grid.450232.2Under Armour, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21230 USA
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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11
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Yu S, Dong S, Jiao X, Li C, Chen D. Ultrathin Photonic Polymer Gel Films Templated by Non-Close-Packed Monolayer Colloidal Crystals to Enhance Colorimetric Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030534. [PMID: 30960518 PMCID: PMC6473593 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Responsive polymer-based sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to detect the presence of analytes and convert the detected signal into a physical and/or chemical change. High responsiveness, fast response speed, good linearity, strong stability, and small hysteresis are ideal, but to gain these properties at the same time remains challenging. This paper presents a facile and efficient method to improve the photonic sensing properties of polymeric gels by using non-close-packed monolayer colloidal crystals (ncp MCCs) as the template. Poly-(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP), a weak electrolyte, was selected to form the pH-responsive gel material, which was deposited onto ncp MCCs obtained by controlled O₂ plasma etching of close-packed (cp) MCCs. The resultant ultrathin photonic polymer gel film (UPPGF) exhibited significant improvement in responsiveness and linearity towards pH sensing compared to those prepared using cp MCCs template, achieving fast visualized monitoring of pH changes with excellent cyclic stability and small hysteresis loop. The responsiveness and linearity were found to depend on the volume and filling fraction of the polymer gel. Based on a simple geometric model, we established that the volume increased first and then decreased with the decrease of template size, but the filling fraction increased all the time, which was verified by microscopy observations. Therefore, the responsiveness and linearity of UPPGF to pH can be improved by simply adjusting the etching time of oxygen plasma. The well-designed UPPGF is reliable for visualized monitoring of analytes and their concentrations, and can easily be combined in sensor arrays for more accurate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Shun Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Xiuling Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Dairong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
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12
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Xu C, Stiubianu GT, Gorodetsky AA. Adaptive infrared-reflecting systems inspired by cephalopods. Science 2018; 359:1495-1500. [PMID: 29599237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials and systems that statically reflect radiation in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum underpin the performance of many entrenched technologies, including building insulation, energy-conserving windows, spacecraft components, electronics shielding, container packaging, protective clothing, and camouflage platforms. The development of their adaptive variants, in which the infrared-reflecting properties dynamically change in response to external stimuli, has emerged as an important unmet scientific challenge. By drawing inspiration from cephalopod skin, we developed adaptive infrared-reflecting platforms that feature a simple actuation mechanism, low working temperature, tunable spectral range, weak angular dependence, fast response, stability to repeated cycling, amenability to patterning and multiplexing, autonomous operation, robust mechanical properties, and straightforward manufacturability. Our findings may open opportunities for infrared camouflage and other technologies that regulate infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - George T Stiubianu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alon A Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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13
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Isapour G, Lattuada M. Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Color-Changing Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707069. [PMID: 29700857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive colors are a unique characteristic of certain animals, evolved as either a method to hide from enemies and prey or to communicate their presence to rivals or mates. From a material science perspective, the solutions developed by Mother Nature to achieve these effects are a source of inspiration to scientists for decades. Here, an updated overview of the literature on bioinspired stimuli-responsive color-changing systems is provided. Starting from natural systems, which are the source of inspiration, a classification of the different solutions proposed is given, based on the stimuli used to trigger the color-changing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Isapour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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14
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Li Y, Klingner J, Correll N. Distributed camouflage for swarm robotics and smart materials. Auton Robots 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10514-018-9717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Cephalopods employ their chromomorphic skins for rapid and versatile active camouflage and signalling effects. This is achieved using dense networks of pigmented, muscle-driven chromatophore cells which are neurally stimulated to actuate and affect local skin colouring. This allows cephalopods to adopt numerous dynamic and complex skin patterns, most commonly used to blend into the environment or to communicate with other animals. Our ultimate goal is to create an artificial skin that can mimic such pattern generation techniques, and that could produce a host of novel and compliant devices such as cloaking suits and dynamic illuminated clothing. This paper presents the design, mathematical modelling and analysis of a dynamic biomimetic pattern generation system using bioinspired artificial chromatophores. The artificial skin is made from electroactive dielectric elastomer: a soft, planar-actuating smart material that we show can be effective at mimicking the actuation of biological chromatophores. The proposed system achieves dynamic pattern generation by imposing simple local rules into the artificial chromatophore cells so that they can sense their surroundings in order to manipulate their actuation. By modelling sets of artificial chromatophores in linear arrays of cells, we explore the capability of the system to generate a variety of dynamic pattern types. We show that it is possible to mimic patterning seen in cephalopods, such as the passing cloud display, and other complex dynamic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fishman
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Jonathan Rossiter
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Martin Homer
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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16
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Phan L, Kautz R, Arulmoli J, Kim IH, Le DTT, Shenk MA, Pathak MM, Flanagan LA, Tombola F, Gorodetsky AA. Reflectin as a Material for Neural Stem Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:278-284. [PMID: 26703760 PMCID: PMC4721522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods possess remarkable camouflage capabilities, which are enabled by their complex skin structure and sophisticated nervous system. Such unique characteristics have in turn inspired the design of novel functional materials and devices. Within this context, recent studies have focused on investigating the self-assembly, optical, and electrical properties of reflectin, a protein that plays a key role in cephalopod structural coloration. Herein, we report the discovery that reflectin constitutes an effective material for the growth of human neural stem/progenitor cells. Our findings may hold relevance both for understanding cephalopod embryogenesis and for developing improved protein-based bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Phan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rylan Kautz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Janahan Arulmoli
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Iris H. Kim
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dai Trang T. Le
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Michael A. Shenk
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Medha M. Pathak
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Lisa A. Flanagan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Neurology, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Francesco Tombola
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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17
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18
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Castillo MG, Salazar KA, Joffe NR. The immune response of cephalopods from head to foot. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:145-160. [PMID: 26117729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological research. However, despite their acknowledged importance, our understanding of basic cephalopod biology does not equate their ecological, societal, and scientific significance. Among these undeveloped research areas, cephalopod immunology stands out because it encompasses a wide variety of scientific fields including many within the biological and chemical sciences, and because of its potential biomedical and commercial relevance. This review aims to address the current knowledge on the topic of cephalopod immunity, focusing on components and functions already established as part of the animals' internal defense mechanisms, as well as identifying gaps that would benefit from future research. More specifically, the present review details both cellular and humoral defenses, and organizes them into sensor, signaling, and effector components. Molluscan, and particularly cephalopod immunology has lagged behind many other areas of study, but thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers and the assistance of modern technology, this gap is steadily decreasing. A better understanding of cephalopod immunity will have a positive impact on the health and survival of one of the most intriguing and unique animal groups on the planet, and will certainly influence many other areas of human interest such as ecology, evolution, physiology, symbiosis, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina R Joffe
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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19
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Adaptive optoelectronic camouflage systems with designs inspired by cephalopod skins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12998-3003. [PMID: 25136094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and other cephalopods exhibit exceptional capabilities for visually adapting to or differentiating from the coloration and texture of their surroundings, for the purpose of concealment, communication, predation, and reproduction. Long-standing interest in and emerging understanding of the underlying ultrastructure, physiological control, and photonic interactions has recently led to efforts in the construction of artificial systems that have key attributes found in the skins of these organisms. Despite several promising options in active materials for mimicking biological color tuning, existing routes to integrated systems do not include critical capabilities in distributed sensing and actuation. Research described here represents progress in this direction, demonstrated through the construction, experimental study, and computational modeling of materials, device elements, and integration schemes for cephalopod-inspired flexible sheets that can autonomously sense and adapt to the coloration of their surroundings. These systems combine high-performance, multiplexed arrays of actuators and photodetectors in laminated, multilayer configurations on flexible substrates, with overlaid arrangements of pixelated, color-changing elements. The concepts provide realistic routes to thin sheets that can be conformally wrapped onto solid objects to modulate their visual appearance, with potential relevance to consumer, industrial, and military applications.
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20
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Shui L, Hayes RA, Jin M, Zhang X, Bai P, van den Berg A, Zhou G. Microfluidics for electronic paper-like displays. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2374-2384. [PMID: 24872144 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Displays are ubiquitous in modern life, and there is a growing need to develop active, full color, video-rate reflective displays that perform well in high-light conditions. The core of display technology is to generate or manipulate light in the visible wavelength. Colored fluids or fluids with particles can be used to tune the light intensity (greyscale) or wavelength (colors) of reflective displays by different actuation methods. Microfluidic technology plays an increasing role in fluidic manipulation in microscale devices used in display areas. In this article, we will review microfluidic technologies based on different actuation methods used for display applications: pressure-driven flow, electrophoresis, electroosmosis, electrowetting, magnetic-driven flow, and cell-actuation principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shui
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Bauer S, Bauer-Gogonea S, Graz I, Kaltenbrunner M, Keplinger C, Schwödiauer R. 25th anniversary article: A soft future: from robots and sensor skin to energy harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:149-61. [PMID: 24307641 PMCID: PMC4240516 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are exploring elastic and soft forms of robots, electronic skin and energy harvesters, dreaming to mimic nature and to enable novel applications in wide fields, from consumer and mobile appliances to biomedical systems, sports and healthcare. All conceivable classes of materials with a wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties are employed, from liquids and gels to organic and inorganic solids. Functionalities never seen before are achieved. In this review we discuss soft robots which allow actuation with several degrees of freedom. We show that different actuation mechanisms lead to similar actuators, capable of complex and smooth movements in 3d space. We introduce latest research examples in sensor skin development and discuss ultraflexible electronic circuits, light emitting diodes and solar cells as examples. Additional functionalities of sensor skin, such as visual sensors inspired by animal eyes, camouflage, self-cleaning and healing and on-skin energy storage and generation are briefly reviewed. Finally, we discuss a paradigm change in energy harvesting, away from hard energy generators to soft ones based on dielectric elastomers. Such systems are shown to work with high energy of conversion, making them potentially interesting for harvesting mechanical energy from human gait, winds and ocean waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Bauer
- Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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OHZONO T, SUZUKI K, YAMAGUCHI T, FUKUDA N. Shape-Tunable Wrinkles for a Switchable Optical Diffuser. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2013. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.70.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Kreit E, Mäthger LM, Hanlon RT, Dennis PB, Naik RR, Forsythe E, Heikenfeld J. Biological versus electronic adaptive coloration: how can one inform the other? J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120601. [PMID: 23015522 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive reflective surfaces have been a challenge for both electronic paper (e-paper) and biological organisms. Multiple colours, contrast, polarization, reflectance, diffusivity and texture must all be controlled simultaneously without optical losses in order to fully replicate the appearance of natural surfaces and vividly communicate information. This review merges the frontiers of knowledge for both biological adaptive coloration, with a focus on cephalopods, and synthetic reflective e-paper within a consistent framework of scientific metrics. Currently, the highest performance approach for both nature and technology uses colourant transposition. Three outcomes are envisioned from this review: reflective display engineers may gain new insights from millions of years of natural selection and evolution; biologists will benefit from understanding the types of mechanisms, characterization and metrics used in synthetic reflective e-paper; all scientists will gain a clearer picture of the long-term prospects for capabilities such as adaptive concealment and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kreit
- Novel Devices Laboratory, School of Electronic and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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