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Kraski A, Migdał P, Klopfleisch R, Räckel C, Sharbati J, Heimesaat MM, Alter T, Hanisch C, Gölz G, Einspanier R, Sharbati S. Structured multicellular intestinal spheroids (SMIS) as a standardized model for infection biology. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:47. [PMID: 39289703 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D cell culture models have recently garnered increasing attention for replicating organ microarchitecture and eliciting in vivo-like responses, holding significant promise across various biological disciplines. Broadly, 3D cell culture encompasses organoids as well as single- and multicellular spheroids. While the latter have found successful applications in tumor research, there is a notable scarcity of standardized intestinal models for infection biology that mimic the microarchitecture of the intestine. Hence, this study aimed to develop structured multicellular intestinal spheroids (SMIS) specifically tailored for studying molecular basis of infection by intestinal pathogens. RESULTS We have successfully engineered human SMIS comprising four relevant cell types, featuring a fibroblast core enveloped by an outer monolayer of enterocytes and goblet cells along with monocytic cells. These SMIS effectively emulate the in vivo architecture of the intestinal mucosal surface and manifest differentiated morphological characteristics, including the presence of microvilli, within a mere two days of culture. Through analysis of various differentiation factors, we have illustrated that these spheroids attain heightened levels of differentiation compared to 2D monolayers. Moreover, SMIS serve as an optimized intestinal infection model, surpassing the capabilities of traditional 2D cultures, and exhibit a regulatory pattern of immunological markers similar to in vivo infections after Campylobacter jejuni infection. Notably, our protocol extends beyond human spheroids, demonstrating adaptability to other species such as mice and pigs. CONCLUSION Based on the rapid attainment of enhanced differentiation states, coupled with the emergence of functional brush border features, increased cellular complexity, and replication of the intestinal mucosal microarchitecture, which allows for exposure studies via the medium, we are confident that our innovative SMIS model surpasses conventional cell culture methods as a superior model. Moreover, it offers advantages over stem cell-derived organoids due to scalability and standardization capabilities of the protocol. By showcasing differentiated morphological attributes, our model provides an optimal platform for diverse applications. Furthermore, the investigated differences of several immunological factors compared to monotypic monolayers after Campylobacter jejuni infection underline the refinement of our spheroid model, which closely mimics important features of in vivo infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Kraski
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Räckel
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Jiang D, Qiu Y, Liu X, Bian Y, Tian S, Wang X, Hsia KJ, Wan H, Zhuang L, Wang P. Dynamic microphysiological system chip platform for high-throughput, customizable, and multi-dimensional drug screening. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:59-73. [PMID: 38800720 PMCID: PMC11127178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids have attracted significant attention as innovative models for disease modeling and drug screening. By employing diverse types of spheroids or organoids, it is feasible to establish microphysiological systems that enhance the precision of disease modeling and offer more dependable and comprehensive drug screening. High-throughput microphysiological systems that support optional, parallel testing of multiple drugs have promising applications in personalized medical treatment and drug research. However, establishing such a system is highly challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study introduces a dynamic Microphysiological System Chip Platform (MSCP) with multiple functional microstructures that encompass the mentioned advantages. We developed a high-throughput lung cancer spheroids model and an intestine-liver-heart-lung cancer microphysiological system for conducting parallel testing on four anti-lung cancer drugs, demonstrating the feasibility of the MSCP. This microphysiological system combines microscale and macroscale biomimetics to enable a comprehensive assessment of drug efficacy and side effects. Moreover, the microphysiological system enables evaluation of the real pharmacological effect of drug molecules reaching the target lesion after absorption by normal organs through fluid-based physiological communication. The MSCP could serves as a valuable platform for microphysiological system research, making significant contributions to disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yuhan Bian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shichao Tian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xiandi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - K. Jimmy Hsia
- Schools of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Mengji R, Paladugu D, Saha B, Jana A. Single-Photon Deep-Red Light-Triggered Direct Release of an Anticancer Drug: An Investigative Tumor Regression Study on a Breast Cancer Spheroidal Tumor Model. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11069-11085. [PMID: 38913981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast adenocarcinoma ranks high among the foremost lethal cancers affecting women globally, with its triple-negative subtype posing the greatest challenge due to its aggressiveness and resistance to treatment. To enhance survivorship and patients' quality of life, exploring advanced therapeutic approaches beyond conventional chemotherapies is imperative. To address this, innovative nanoscale drug delivery systems have been developed, offering precise, localized, and stimuli-triggered release of anticancer agents. Here, we present perylenemonoimide nanoparticle-based vehicles engineered for deep-red light activation, enabling direct chlorambucil release. Synthesized via the reprecipitation technique, these nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized. Light-induced drug release was monitored via spectroscopic and reverse-phase HPLC. The efficacy of the said drug delivery system was evaluated in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional spheroidal cancer models, demonstrating significant tumor regression attributed to apoptotic cell death induced by efficient drug release within cells and spheroids. This approach holds promise for advancing targeted breast cancer therapy, enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mengji
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Paladugu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avijit Jana
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Koh H, Kang W, Mao YY, Park J, Kim S, Hong SH, Lee JH. Employment of diverse in vitro systems for analyzing multiple aspects of disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Cell Biosci 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 38778363 PMCID: PMC11110195 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro disease modeling enables translational research by providing insight into disease pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms, leading to the development of novel therapeutics. Nevertheless, in vitro systems have limitations for recapitulating the complexity of tissues, and a single model system is insufficient to gain a comprehensive understanding of a disease. RESULTS Here we explored the potential of using several models in combination to provide mechanistic insight into hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a genetic vascular disorder. Genome editing was performed to establish hPSCs (H9) with ENG haploinsufficiency and several in vitro models were used to recapitulate the functional aspects of the cells that constitute blood vessels. In a 2D culture system, endothelial cells showed early senescence, reduced viability, and heightened susceptibility to apoptotic insults, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibited similar behavior to their wild-type counterparts. Features of HHT were evident in 3D blood-vessel organoid systems, including thickening of capillary structures, decreased interaction between ECs and surrounding SMCs, and reduced cell viability. Features of ENG haploinsufficiency were observed in arterial and venous EC subtypes, with arterial ECs showing significant impairments. Molecular biological approaches confirmed the significant downregulation of Notch signaling in HHT-ECs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated refined research strategies to enhance our comprehension of HHT, providing valuable insights for pathogenic analysis and the exploration of innovative therapeutic interventions. Additionally, these results underscore the importance of employing diverse in vitro systems to assess multiple aspects of disease, which is challenging using a single in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Koh
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Kang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Ying Mao
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- KW-Bio Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Xu R, Chen R, Tu C, Gong X, Liu Z, Mei L, Ren X, Li Z. 3D Models of Sarcomas: The Next-generation Tool for Personalized Medicine. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:171-186. [PMID: 38884054 PMCID: PMC11169319 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro. While two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture, with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking. We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune interactions. Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system, making them a more representative model for sarcoma research. Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for developing personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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Pangjantuk A, Kaokaen P, Kunhorm P, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Noisa P. 3D culture of alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel supports the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4436. [PMID: 38396088 PMCID: PMC10891100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system is being employed more frequently to investigate cell engineering and tissue repair due to its close mimicry of in vivo microenvironments. In this study, we developed natural biomaterials, including hyaluronic acid, alginate, and gelatin, to mimic the creation of a 3D human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) extracellular environment and selected hydrogels with high proliferation capacity for 3D MSC culture. Human mesenchymal stem cells were encapsulated within hydrogels, and an investigation was conducted into the effects on cell viability and proliferation, stemness properties, and telomere activity compared to the 2D monolayer culture. Hydrogel characterization, cell proliferation, Live/Dead cell viability assay, gene expression, telomere relative length, and MSC stemness-related proteins by immunofluorescence staining were examined. The results showed that 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels increased cell proliferation, and the cells were grown as cellular spheroids within hydrogels and presented a high survival rate of 77.36% during the culture period of 14 days. Furthermore, the 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels increased the expression of stemness-related genes (OCT-4, NANOG, SOX2, and SIRT1), tissue growth and development genes (YAP and TAZ), and cell proliferation gene (Ki67) after culture for 14 days. Moreover, the telomere activity of the 3D MSCs was enhanced, as indicated by the upregulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) and the relative telomere length (T/S ratio) compared to the 2D monolayer culture. Altogether, these data suggest that the 3D alginate-hyaluronic acid (AL-HA) hydrogels could serve as a promising material for maintaining stem cell properties and might be a suitable carrier for tissue engineering proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amorn Pangjantuk
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Palakorn Kaokaen
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Lee SY, Koo IS, Hwang HJ, Lee DW. WITHDRAWN: In Vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture tools for spheroid and organoid models. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 29:131. [PMID: 38101575 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea; Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hwang
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Close DA, Johnston PA. WITHDRAWN: Detection and impact of hypoxic regions in multicellular tumor spheroid cultures formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells lines. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 29:130. [PMID: 38101574 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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Witt BL, Tollefsbol TO. Molecular, Cellular, and Technical Aspects of Breast Cancer Cell Lines as a Foundational Tool in Cancer Research. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2311. [PMID: 38137912 PMCID: PMC10744609 DOI: 10.3390/life13122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer comprises about 30% of all new female cancers each year and is the most common malignant cancer in women in the United States. Breast cancer cell lines have been harnessed for many years as a foundation for in vitro analytic studies to understand the use of cancer prevention and therapy. There has yet to be a compilation of works to analyze the pitfalls, novel discoveries, and essential techniques for breast cancer cell line studies in a scientific context. In this article, we review the history of breast cancer cell lines and their origins, as well as analyze the molecular pathways that pharmaceutical drugs apply to breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Controversies regarding the origins of certain breast cancer cell lines, the benefits of utilizing Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) versus Cell-Derived Xenograft (CDX), and 2D versus 3D cell culturing techniques will be analyzed. Novel outcomes from epigenetic discovery with dietary compound usage are also discussed. This review is intended to create a foundational tool that will aid investigators when choosing a breast cancer cell line to use in multiple expanding areas such as epigenetic discovery, xenograft experimentation, and cancer prevention, among other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Witt
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 902 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35228, USA;
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 902 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35228, USA;
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- University Wide Microbiome Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Huang HJ, Chou CL, Sandar TT, Liu WC, Yang HC, Lin YC, Zheng CM, Chiu HW. Currently Used Methods to Evaluate the Efficacy of Therapeutic Drugs and Kidney Safety. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1581. [PMID: 38002263 PMCID: PMC10669823 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases with kidney failure or damage, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), are common clinical problems worldwide and have rapidly increased in prevalence, affecting millions of people in recent decades. A series of novel diagnostic or predictive biomarkers have been discovered over the past decade, enhancing the investigation of renal dysfunction in preclinical studies and clinical risk assessment for humans. Since multiple causes lead to renal failure, animal studies have been extensively used to identify specific disease biomarkers for understanding the potential targets and nephropathy events in therapeutic insights into disease progression. Mice are the most commonly used model to investigate the mechanism of human nephropathy, and the current alternative methods, including in vitro and in silico models, can offer quicker, cheaper, and more effective methods to avoid or reduce the unethical procedures of animal usage. This review provides modern approaches, including animal and nonanimal assays, that can be applied to study chronic nonclinical safety. These specific situations could be utilized in nonclinical or clinical drug development to provide information on kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tin Tin Sandar
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chien Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (C.-L.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Stossi F, Singh PK, Safari K, Marini M, Labate D, Mancini MA. High throughput microscopy and single cell phenotypic image-based analysis in toxicology and drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115770. [PMID: 37660829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Measuring single cell responses to the universe of chemicals (drugs, natural products, environmental toxicants etc.) is of paramount importance to human health as phenotypic variability in sensing stimuli is a hallmark of biology that is considered during high throughput screening. One of the ways to approach this problem is via high throughput, microscopy-based assays coupled with multi-dimensional single cell analysis methods. Here, we will summarize some of the efforts in this vast and growing field, focusing on phenotypic screens (e.g., Cell Painting), single cell analytics and quality control, with particular attention to environmental toxicology and drug screening. We will discuss advantages and limitations of high throughput assays with various end points and levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kazem Safari
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michela Marini
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Demetrio Labate
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Lu A, Zhuang Z, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen H, Yang X, Wang Z. Can Organoid Model Reveal a Key Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumors? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5511-5527. [PMID: 37791321 PMCID: PMC10544113 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s424737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. The role of EVs in tumors has been extensively studied, and they have been shown to play a crucial role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Past research has mainly used 2D-cultured cell line models to investigate the role of EVs in tumors, which poorly simulate the tumor microenvironment. Organoid technology has gradually matured in recent years. Organoids are similar in composition and behavior to physiological cells and have the potential to recapitulate the architecture and function of the original tissue. It has been widely used in organogenesis, drug screening, gene editing, precision medicine and other fields. The integration of EVs and organoids has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of cancer biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we aimed to present a comprehensive overview of studies using organoids to study EVs in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Transportation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zhuang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haining Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Luo Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhong W, Xing M, Lyu G. Development of Organs-on-Chips and Their Impact on Precision Medicine and Advanced System Simulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2094. [PMID: 37631308 PMCID: PMC10460056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs may undergo costly preclinical studies but still fail to demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials, which makes it challenging to discover new drugs. Both in vitro and in vivo models are essential for disease research and therapeutic development. However, these models cannot simulate the physiological and pathological environment in the human body, resulting in limited drug detection and inaccurate disease modelling, failing to provide valid guidance for clinical application. Organs-on-chips (OCs) are devices that serve as a micro-physiological system or a tissue-on-a-chip; they provide accurate insights into certain functions and the pathophysiology of organs to precisely predict the safety and efficiency of drugs in the body. OCs are faster, more economical, and more precise. Thus, they are projected to become a crucial addition to, and a long-term replacement for, traditional preclinical cell cultures, animal studies, and even human clinical trials. This paper first outlines the nature of OCs and their significance, and then details their manufacturing-related materials and methodology. It also discusses applications of OCs in drug screening and disease modelling and treatment, and presents the future perspective of OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an 82 Hospital, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- National Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
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Tabatabaei Rezaei N, Kumar H, Liu H, Lee SS, Park SS, Kim K. Recent Advances in Organ-on-Chips Integrated with Bioprinting Technologies for Drug Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203172. [PMID: 36971091 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the demand for more reliable drug screening devices has made scientists and researchers develop novel potential approaches to offer an alternative to animal studies. Organ-on-chips are newly emerged platforms for drug screening and disease metabolism investigation. These microfluidic devices attempt to recapitulate the physiological and biological properties of different organs and tissues using human-derived cells. Recently, the synergistic combination of additive manufacturing and microfluidics has shown a promising impact on improving a wide array of biological models. In this review, different methods are classified using bioprinting to achieve the relevant biomimetic models in organ-on-chips, boosting the efficiency of these devices to produce more reliable data for drug investigations. In addition to the tissue models, the influence of additive manufacturing on microfluidic chip fabrication is discussed, and their biomedical applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Tabatabaei Rezaei
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Liver Unit, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon S Park
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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15
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Qian W, Gong G, Su H, Zhao Y, Fu W, Wang Y, Ji W, Sun X, Zhang B, Ma L, Li J, Zhang X, Li S, Sheng E, Lu Y, Zhu D. Hepar-on-a-sensor-platform with hybridization chain reaction amplification strategy to intuitively monitor the hepatoxicity of natural compounds. Acta Biomater 2023; 160:73-86. [PMID: 36804823 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The irrational use of natural compounds in the treatment of diseases can lead to serious side effects, especially hepatoxicity, and its toxic effects are usually cumulative and imperceptible. Therefore, an accurate sensing platform is urgently needed to monitor the hepatotoxicity of natural compounds. Here, we deposited a thermo-responsive alginate-RGD/Pluronic hydrogel to construct an in vitro three-dimensional(3D) hepar-platform, and a thorough validation was adopted to evaluate the bioprinted hepatic constructs. The engineered hepar-platform was then employed to access its biological response toward Emodin (EM) and Triptolide (TP), two typical hepatotoxic natural compounds. Subsequently, we integrated it with a robust fluorescent sensor based on hybridization chain reaction amplification strategy (HCR) to monitor the early hepatotoxic biomarker - glutathione-S-transferase-alpha (GST-α) secreted by this 3D constructs. Our study was the first attempt to construct an accurate hepar-on-a-sensor platform that could effectively detect GST-α for monitoring the hepatoxic effects of natural compounds. The limit of detection of the platform was 0.3 ng ml-1 and the accuracy of this platform was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the variation of GST-α induced by EM and TP was consistent with hepatotoxicity studies, thus providing an important application value for evaluating the hepatotoxicity of natural compounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1. We deposited a thermo-responsive alginate-RGD/Pluronic hydrogel to construct an in vitro three-dimensional(3D) hepar-platform, and elucidated the essential reasons why hybrid bioinks more suitable for 3D extrusion from biomaterials itself. Also, a thorough validation associated with a series of important proteins and genes involved in liver cell metabolism was adopted to evaluate the bioprinted hepatic constructs accurately 2. Glutathione-S-transferase-alpha is a soluble trace biomarker for acute hepatotoxic injury, the hepatotoxic effects of natural compounds on the secretion of GST-α has not been reported to date. We integrated our 3D hepar-platform with recognition molecules-aptamers and HCR amplification strategy to monitor the variation of GST-α, aiming at developing a robust and stable fluorescent biosensing platform to monitor the hepatoxicity of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xuetong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jianting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Su Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Enze Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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16
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Lee SY, Koo IS, Hwang HJ, Lee DW. In Vitro Three-dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Tools for Spheroid and Organoid Models. SLAS DISCOVERY 2023:S2472-5552(23)00028-X. [PMID: 36997090 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology has been steadily studied since the 1990's due to its superior biocompatibility compared to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture technology, and has recently developed into an organoid culture technology that further improved biocompatibility. Since the 3D culture of human cell lines in artificial scaffolds was demonstrated in the early 90's, 3D cell culture technology has been actively developed owing to various needs in the areas of disease research, precision medicine, new drug development, and some of these technologies have been commercialized. In particular, 3D cell culture technology is actively being applied and utilized in drug development and cancer-related precision medicine research. Drug development is a long and expensive process that involves multiple steps-from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical studies, and clinical trials for approval for clinical use. Cancer ranks first among life-threatening diseases owing to intra-tumoral heterogeneity associated with metastasis, recurrence, and treatment resistance, ultimately contributing to treatment failure and adverse prognoses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of efficient drugs using 3D cell culture techniques that can closely mimic in vivo cellular environments and customized tumor models that faithfully represent the tumor heterogeneity of individual patients. This review discusses 3D cell culture technology focusing on research trends, commercialization status, and expected effects developed until recently. We aim to summarize the great potential of 3D cell culture technology and contribute to expanding the base of this technology.
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Mohandas S, Gayatri V, Kumaran K, Gopinath V, Paulmurugan R, Ramkumar KM. New Frontiers in Three-Dimensional Culture Platforms to Improve Diabetes Research. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030725. [PMID: 36986591 PMCID: PMC10056755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with defects in islet β-cell functioning and consequent hyperglycemia resulting in multi-organ damage. Physiologically relevant models that mimic human diabetic progression are urgently needed to identify new drug targets. Three-dimensional (3D) cell-culture systems are gaining a considerable interest in diabetic disease modelling and are being utilized as platforms for diabetic drug discovery and pancreatic tissue engineering. Three-dimensional models offer a marked advantage in obtaining physiologically relevant information and improve drug selectivity over conventional 2D (two-dimensional) cultures and rodent models. Indeed, recent evidence persuasively supports the adoption of appropriate 3D cell technology in β-cell cultivation. This review article provides a considerably updated view of the benefits of employing 3D models in the experimental workflow compared to conventional animal and 2D models. We compile the latest innovations in this field and discuss the various strategies used to generate 3D culture models in diabetic research. We also critically review the advantages and the limitations of each 3D technology, with particular attention to the maintenance of β-cell morphology, functionality, and intercellular crosstalk. Furthermore, we emphasize the scope of improvement needed in the 3D culture systems employed in diabetes research and the promises they hold as excellent research platforms in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundhar Mohandas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Gayatri
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kriya Kumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vipin Gopinath
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Centre for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Molecular Oncology Division, Malabar Cancer Centre, Moozhikkara P.O, Thalassery 670103, Kerala, India
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Centre for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Centre for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (K.M.R.)
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Tenschert E, Kern J, Affolter A, Rotter N, Lammert A. Optimisation of Conditions for the Formation of Spheroids of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines for Use as Animal Alternatives. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:414-422. [PMID: 36263982 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221135042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of in vitro 3-D cell culture models in cancer research has yielded substantial gains in knowledge on various aspects of tumour biology. Such cell culture models could be useful in the study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where mimicking intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity is especially challenging. Our research aims to establish 3-D spheroid models for HNSCC that reproduce in vitro the connections between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal conditions for the culture and use of spheroids from HNSCC cell lines and optimal timepoint for using the spheroids obtained, to evaluate the effects of coculture with tumour-specific fibroblasts on spheroid formation, and to investigate spheroid responses to cisplatin treatment. Four HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC-11A, UMSCC-11B, UMSCC-22B and UD-SCC-01) were seeded in flat or round bottom well ultra-low attachment spheroid plates, and spheroid formation was evaluated. The HNSCC cell lines were then cocultured with stromal cells of the tumour microenvironment, producing an accelerated formation of dense spheroids. The viability of cells within the spheroids was assessed during cell culture by using a fluorescent dye. Our results suggest that: three out of the four cell lines tested could form usable spheroids with acceptable viability; the addition of stromal cells did not improve the number of viable cells; and the use of round bottom well plates supported the formation of a single spheroid, whereas flat bottom well plates led to the formation of multiple spheroids of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Tenschert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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19
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Kim SH, Cho SY. Single-cell transcriptomics to understand the cellular heterogeneity in toxicology. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Identification of molecular signatures from omics studies is widely applied in toxicological studies, and the evaluation of potential toxic effects provides novel insights into molecular resolution.
Objective
The prediction of toxic effects and drug tolerance provides important clues regarding the mode of action of target compounds. However, heterogeneity within samples makes toxicology studies challenging because the purity of the target cell in the samples remains unknown until their actual utilization.
Result
Single-cell resolution studies have been suggested in toxicogenomics, and several studies have explained toxic effects and drug tolerance using heterogeneous cells in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In this review, we presented an understanding of single-cell transcriptomes and their applications in toxicogenomics.
Conclusion
The most toxicological mechanism in organisms occurs through intramolecular combinations, and heterogeneity issues have reached a surmountable level. We hope this review provides insights to successfully conduct future studies on toxicology.
Purpose of the review
Toxicogenomics is an interdisciplinary field between toxicology and genomics that was successfully applied to construct molecular profiles in a broad spectrum of toxicology. However, heterogeneity within samples makes toxicology studies challenging because the purity of target cell in the samples remains unknown until their actual utilisation. In this review, we presented an understanding of single-cell transcriptomes and their applications in toxicogenomics.
Recent findings
A high-throughput techniques have been used to understand cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms at toxicogenomics. Single-cell resolution analysis is required to identify biomarkers of explain toxic effect and in order to understand drug tolerance.
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Dozzo A, Galvin A, Shin JW, Scalia S, O'Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Modelling acute myeloid leukemia (AML): What's new? A transition from the classical to the modern. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4. [PMID: 35930221 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy affecting myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) but can spread giving rise to impaired hematopoiesis. AML incidence increases with age and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. There has been a disconnect between the success of novel drug compounds observed in preclinical studies of hematological malignancy and less than exceptional therapeutic responses in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the different preclinical models of AML available to expand insights into disease pathology and as preclinical screening tools. Deciphering the complex physiological and pathological processes and developing predictive preclinical models are key to understanding disease progression and fundamental in the development and testing of new effective drug treatments. Standard scaffold-free suspension models fail to recapitulate the complex environment where AML occurs. To this end, we review advances in scaffold/matrix-based 3D models and outline the most recent advances in on-chip technology. We also provide an overview of clinically relevant animal models and review the expanding use of patient-derived samples, which offer the prospect to create more "patient specific" screening tools either in the guise of 3D matrix models, microphysiological "organ-on-chip" tools or xenograft models and discuss representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Galvin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 909 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 5091 COMRB, USA
| | - Santo Scalia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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21
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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhao F, Chen J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhao Q, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhao F, Wang X. Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived 2D and 3D Models Efficiently Recapitulate Inter- and Intratumoral Heterogeneity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201539. [PMID: 35652270 PMCID: PMC9353492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity of cancer cells are highly correlated with therapeutic failure and tumor growth. However, current cancer models are limited in their application to the study of intratumor functional heterogeneity in personalized oncology. Here, an innovative two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) model for patient-derived cancer cells (PDCCs) and air-liquid interface (ALI) organotypic culture is established from colorectal cancer (CRC). The PDCCs recapitulate the genomic landscape of their parental tumors with high efficiency, high proliferation rate, and long-term stability, while corresponding ALI organotypic cultures retain histological architecture of their original tumors. Interestingly, both 2D and 3D models maintain the transcriptomic profile of the corresponding primary tumors and display the same trend in response to 5-Fluoruracil, regardless of their difference in gene expression profiles. Furthermore, single-cell-derived clones() are efficiently established and pre-existing drug-resistant clones and highly tumorigenic clones within individual CRC tumors are identified. It is found that tumorigenic cancer cells do not necessarily possess the stem cells characteristics in gene expression. This study provides valuable platform and resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the pre-existing drug resistance and tumorigenicity in cancer cells, as well as for developing therapeutic targets specifically for pre-existing drug-resistant or highly tumorigenic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of PathologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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Hempfling L, Adamus A, Wagner BR, Engel N, Seitz G. A new valid rhabdomyosarcoma spheroid culture model for in vitro evaluation of hypericin-based photodynamic therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29482. [PMID: 34889033 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced stages of pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMA) are associated with an unfavorable outcome at established therapeutic strategies, accentuating the need for novel treatment options. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin (HYP) has shown strong cytotoxic effects in two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. In order to more accurately mimic in vivo tissue architecture and better predict pharmaceutical response, the aim of this study was to establish a spheroid culture model by which PDT efficacy could be assessed in a three-dimensional (3D) context. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D multicellular tumor spheroids were generated using various scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques. On two reproducible methods, HYP-PDT was performed varying spheroid sizes, photosensitizer concentrations, and illumination times. The ability for HYP uptake within the spheroid was analyzed assessing the substrate's autofluorescence. Antitumorigenic treatment effects were evaluated investigating cell viability, spheroid morphology, proliferative activity, and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Magnetic spheroid printing and orbital shaking methods were established as reproducible culturing systems producing uniform spheroids. Within assessed incubation times, HYP showed good penetration depth in spheroids containing 50,000 cells. PDT was causing metabolic and molecular impairment of RMA cells, resulting in viability decrease, reduction of cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Assessing HYP-based PDT in a 3D culture model, we were able to gain an insight on how parameters like photosensitizer, oxygen, and light distribution contribute to the phototoxic effect. Compared to 2D cell culture, a higher treatment resistance was detected, which can be related to spheroid structure and mechanisms of intercellular communication, signal transduction, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hempfling
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Adamus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt R Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Engel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
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Rossi M, Blasi P. Multicellular Tumor Spheroids in Nanomedicine Research: A Perspective. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:909943. [PMID: 35782575 PMCID: PMC9240201 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.909943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids are largely exploited in cancer research since they are more predictive than bi-dimensional cell cultures. Nanomedicine would benefit from the integration of this three-dimensional in vitro model in screening protocols. In this brief work, we discuss some of the issues that cancer nanomedicine will need to consider in the switch from bi-dimensional to three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroid models.
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Poornima K, Francis AP, Hoda M, Eladl MA, Subramanian S, Veeraraghavan VP, El-Sherbiny M, Asseri SM, Hussamuldin ABA, Surapaneni KM, Mony U, Rajagopalan R. Implications of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture in Cancer Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891673. [PMID: 35646714 PMCID: PMC9133474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicating the naturalistic biomechanical milieu of cells is a primary requisite to uncover the fundamental life processes. The native milieu is significantly not replicated in the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Alternatively, the current three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques can replicate the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM), though the recreation of the original microenvironment is challenging. The organization of cells in a 3D manner contributes to better insight about the tumorigenesis mechanism of the in vitro cancer models. Gene expression studies are susceptible to alterations in their microenvironment. Physiological interactions among neighboring cells also contribute to gene expression, which is highly replicable with minor modifications in 3D cultures. 3D cell culture provides a useful platform for identifying the biological characteristics of tumor cells, particularly in the drug sensitivity area of translational medicine. It promises to be a bridge between traditional 2D culture and animal experiments and is of great importance for further research in tumor biology. The new imaging technology and the implementation of standard protocols can address the barriers interfering with the live cell observation in a natural 3D physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolluri Poornima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Muddasarul Hoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Srividya Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Mohamed Asseri
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills, and Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Sonju JJ, Dahal A, Singh SS, Gu X, Johnson WD, Muthumula CMR, Meyer SA, Jois SD. A pH-sensitive liposome formulation of a peptidomimetic-Dox conjugate for targeting HER2 + cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121364. [PMID: 34896567 PMCID: PMC8751737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces the challenge of selective delivery of the cytotoxic drug to the desired site of action to minimize undesired side effects. The liposomal formulation containing targeting ligand conjugated cytotoxic drug can be an effective approach to specifically deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cells that overexpress a particular cell surface receptor. This research focuses on the in vitro and in vivo studies of a peptidomimetic ligand attached doxorubicin for the HER2 positive lung and breast cancer cells transported by a pH-dependent liposomal formulation system for the enhancement of targeted anticancer treatment. The selected pH-sensitive liposome formulation showed effective pH-dependent delivery of peptidomimetic-doxorubicin conjugate at lower pH conditions mimicking tumor microenvironment (pH-6.5) compared to normal physiological conditions (pH 7.4), leading to the improvement of cell uptake. In vivo results revealed the site-specific delivery of the formulation and enhanced antitumor activity with reduced toxicity compared to the free doxorubicin (Free Dox). The results suggested that the targeting ligand conjugated cytotoxic drug with the pH-sensitive liposomal formulation is a promising approach to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Sitanshu S. Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - William D. Johnson
- Biostatistics Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Chandra Mohan Reddy Muthumula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Sharon A Meyer
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Seetharama D. Jois, Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe LA 71201 USA Tel: 318-342-1993; Fax: 318-342-1737;
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26
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Close DA, Johnston PA. Detection and impact of hypoxic regions in multicellular tumor spheroid cultures formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells lines. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:39-54. [PMID: 35058175 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors like head and neck cancer (HNC), chronic and acute hypoxia have serious adverse clinical consequences including poorer overall patient prognosis, enhanced metastasis, increased genomic instability, and resistance to radiation-, chemo-, or immuno-therapies. However, cells in the two-dimensional monolayer cultures typically used for cancer drug discovery experience 20%-21% O2 levels (normoxic) which are 4-fold higher than O2 levels in normal tissues and ≥10-fold higher than in the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. The oxygen electrodes, exogenous bio-reductive markers, and increased expression of endogenous hypoxia-regulated proteins like HIF-1α generally used to mark hypoxic regions in solid tumors are impractical in large sample numbers and longitudinal studies. We used a novel homogeneous live-cell permeant HypoxiTRAK™ (HPTK) molecular probe compatible with high content imaging detection, analysis, and throughput to identify and quantify hypoxia levels in live HNC multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) cultures over time. Accumulation of fluorescence HPTK metabolite in live normoxic HNC MCTS cultures correlated with hypoxia detection by both pimonidazole and HIF-1α staining. In HNC MCTSs, hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios for the hypoxia activated prodrugs (HAP) evofosfamide and tirapazamine were much smaller than have been reported for uniformly hypoxic 2D monolayers in gas chambers, and many viable cells remained after HAP exposure. Cells in solid tumors and MCTSs experience three distinct O2 microenvironments dictated by their distances from blood vessels or MCTS surfaces, respectively; oxic, hypoxic, or intermediate levels of hypoxia. These studies support the application of more physiologically relevant in vitro 3D models that recapitulate the heterogeneous microenvironments of solid tumors for preclinical cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences1, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences1, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center2, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA..
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27
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Louis F, Sowa Y, Kitano S, Matsusaki M. High-throughput drug screening models of mature adipose tissues which replicate the physiology of patients' Body Mass Index (BMI). Bioact Mater 2022; 7:227-241. [PMID: 34466729 PMCID: PMC8379425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and incompletely understood disease, but current drug screening strategies mostly rely on immature in vitro adipose models which cannot recapitulate it properly. To address this issue, we developed a statistically validated high-throughput screening model by seeding human mature adipocytes from patients, encapsulated in physiological collagen microfibers. These drop tissues ensured the maintenance of adipocyte viability and functionality for controlling glucose and fatty acids uptake, as well as glycerol release. As such, patients' BMI and insulin sensitivity displayed a strong inverse correlation: the healthy adipocytes were associated with the highest insulin-induced glucose uptake, while insulin resistance was confirmed in the underweight and severely obese adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity recovery was possible with two type 2 diabetes treatments, rosiglitazone and melatonin. Finally, the addition of blood vasculature to the model seemed to more accurately recapitulate the in vivo physiology, with particular respect to leptin secretion metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Corresponding author. Kyoto, 602-8566, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan.
| | - Shiro Kitano
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD., Technical Research Institute, 4-2-3 Takanodaiminami, Sugito-machi, Saitama, 345-8508, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author. Osaka, 565-0871, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.
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28
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Barbosa MAG, Xavier CPR, Pereira RF, Petrikaitė V, Vasconcelos MH. 3D Cell Culture Models as Recapitulators of the Tumor Microenvironment for the Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:190. [PMID: 35008353 PMCID: PMC8749977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as viable and biomimetic alternatives for initial drug screening, allowing the improvement of the efficiency of drug development. These models are gaining popularity, given their ability to reproduce key aspects of the tumor microenvironment, concerning the 3D tumor architecture as well as the interactions of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix and surrounding non-tumor cells. The development of accurate 3D models may become beneficial to decrease the use of laboratory animals in scientific research, in accordance with the European Union's regulation on the 3R rule (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). This review focuses on the impact of 3D cell culture models on cancer research, discussing their advantages, limitations, and compatibility with high-throughput screenings and automated systems. An insight is also given on the adequacy of the available readouts for the interpretation of the data obtained from the 3D cell culture models. Importantly, we also emphasize the need for the incorporation of additional and complementary microenvironment elements on the design of 3D cell culture models, towards improved predictive value of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Biofabrication Group, INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Law AMK, Rodriguez de la Fuente L, Grundy TJ, Fang G, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D. Advancements in 3D Cell Culture Systems for Personalizing Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:782766. [PMID: 34917509 PMCID: PMC8669727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical models that are being currently used for drug development and in personalised therapies. To ensure that the assessment of drug efficacy and their mechanism of action have clinical translatability, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment needs to be properly modelled. 3D culture models are emerging as a powerful research tool that recapitulates in vivo characteristics. Technological advancements in this field show promising application in improving drug discovery, pre-clinical validation, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the significance of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on therapy success, the current developments of 3D culture, and the opportunities that advancements that in vitro technologies can provide to improve cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M K Law
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas J Grundy
- Life Sciences, Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Guocheng Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Lab, Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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The Molecular Basis of Different Approaches for the Study of Cancer Stem Cells and the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Three-Dimensional Culture. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092615. [PMID: 33947095 PMCID: PMC8124970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare tumor subpopulation with high differentiation, proliferative and tumorigenic potential compared to the remaining tumor population. CSCs were first discovered by Bonnet and Dick in 1997 in acute myeloid leukemia. The identification and isolation of these cells in this pioneering study were carried out through the flow cytometry, exploiting the presence of specific cell surface molecular markers (CD34+/CD38−). In the following years, different strategies and projects have been developed for the study of CSCs, which are basically divided into surface markers assays and functional assays; some of these techniques also allow working with a cellular model that better mimics the tumor architecture. The purpose of this mini review is to summarize and briefly describe all the current methods used for the identification, isolation and enrichment of CSCs, describing, where possible, the molecular basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique with a particular focus on those that offer a three-dimensional culture.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high failure rate in drug discovery remains a costly and time-consuming challenge. Improving the odds of success in the early steps of drug development requires disease models with high biological relevance for biomarker discovery and drug development. The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems over traditional monolayers in cell-based assays is considered a promising step toward improving the success rate in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED In this article, the author focuses on new technologies for 3D cell culture and their applications in cancer drug discovery. Besides the most common 3D cell-culture systems for tumor cells, the article emphasizes the need for 3D cell culture technologies that can mimic the complex tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cell niche. EXPERT OPINION There has been a rapid increase in 3D cell culture technologies in recent years in an effort to more closely mimic in vivo physiology. Each 3D cell culture system has its own strengths and weaknesses with regard to in vivo tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment. This requires careful consideration of which 3D cell culture system is chosen for drug discovery and should be based on factors like drug target and tumor origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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32
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Integrated approaches for precision oncology in colorectal cancer: The more you know, the better. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 84:199-213. [PMID: 33848627 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies accounting for approximately 10 % of worldwide cancer incidence and mortality. While early-stage CRC is mainly a preventable and curable disease, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains an unmet clinical need. Moreover, about 25 % of CRC cases are diagnosed only at the metastatic stage. Despite the extensive molecular and functional knowledge on this disease, systemic therapy for mCRC still relies on traditional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimens. On the other hand, targeted therapies and immunotherapy have shown effectiveness only in a limited subset of patients. For these reasons, there is a growing need to define the molecular and biological landscape of individual patients to implement novel, rationally driven, tailored therapies. In this review, we explore current and emerging approaches for CRC management such as genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the use of liquid biopsies and the implementation of patients' preclinical avatars. In particular, we discuss the contribution of each of these tools in elucidating patient specific features, with the aim of improving our ability in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors.
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Bordanaba-Florit G, Madarieta I, Olalde B, Falcón-Pérez JM, Royo F. 3D Cell Cultures as Prospective Models to Study Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:307. [PMID: 33467651 PMCID: PMC7830667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of culturing techniques to model the environment and physiological conditions surrounding tumors has also been applied to the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer research. EVs role is not only limited to cell-to-cell communication in tumor physiology, they are also a promising source of biomarkers, and a tool to deliver drugs and induce antitumoral activity. In the present review, we have addressed the improvements achieved by using 3D culture models to evaluate the role of EVs in tumor progression and the potential applications of EVs in diagnostics and therapeutics. The most employed assays are gel-based spheroids, often utilized to examine the cell invasion rate and angiogenesis markers upon EVs treatment. To study EVs as drug carriers, a more complex multicellular cultures and organoids from cancer stem cell populations have been developed. Such strategies provide a closer response to in vivo physiology observed responses. They are also the best models to understand the complex interactions between different populations of cells and the extracellular matrix, in which tumor-derived EVs modify epithelial or mesenchymal cells to become protumor agents. Finally, the growth of cells in 3D bioreactor-like systems is appointed as the best approach to industrial EVs production, a necessary step toward clinical translation of EVs-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bordanaba-Florit
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
| | - Iratxe Madarieta
- TECNALIA Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain; (I.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde
- TECNALIA Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain; (I.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), E28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Exosomes Laboratory, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E48160 Derio, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), E28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lammert A, Affolter A, Gvaramia D, Heid J, Jungbauer F, Scherl C, Tenschert E, Rotter N, Willett N, Kern J. [The tumor stem cell niche of head and neck - point of intersection with therapeutic potential?]. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:23-29. [PMID: 33401320 DOI: 10.1055/a-1260-3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence suggests the existence of a stem cell-like population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These cells have been termed cancer stem cells (CSC) due to the shared properties with somatic stem cells, such as the ability to self-renew and differentiate. Furthermore, the CSC are thought to be resistant to antineoplastic treatments and are therefore clinically relevant. As with somatic stem cells, CSC are thought to reside in a specialized supportive microenvironment, called the stem cell niche. One possible strategy to target the CSC could be through affecting functions of the stem cell niche.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a multifunctional cytokine, which is secreted by e. g. stromal cells within the niche. SDF-1 is known to be the major regulator of stem cell trafficking between the niche and the peripheral vascular system. It elicits the chemotactic activity through interaction with a transmembrane receptor CXCR4, expressed by CSC. The SDF-1-CXCR4-axis is thought to play a crucial role in the interaction between CSC and their supportive cells in the tumor niche. A better understanding of these interactions could help in gaining further insight into the pathophysiology of progression/recurrence of malignant diseases and aid in finding new strategies for therapy.Specialized cell culture models are of advantage for deciphering the mechanisms of interaction between CSC and their niche. We anticipate that the recent technological advancements in bioprinting and the development of complex 3D cell culture model systems will contribute to our understanding of these mechanisms and to the establishment of individualized therapies.Here were provide an overview of the current knowledge on the CSC-tumor stem cell niche interactions in HNSCC with a focus on the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lammert
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Annette Affolter
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - David Gvaramia
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Jonas Heid
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Frederic Jungbauer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Esther Tenschert
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Nicola Willett
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Johann Kern
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
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García-Posadas L, Diebold Y. Three-Dimensional Human Cell Culture Models to Study the Pathophysiology of the Anterior Eye. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1215. [PMID: 33333869 PMCID: PMC7765302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the establishment of complex three-dimensional (3D) models of tissues has allowed researchers to perform high-quality studies and to not only advance knowledge of the physiology of these tissues but also mimic pathological conditions to test novel therapeutic strategies. The main advantage of 3D models is that they recapitulate the spatial architecture of tissues and thereby provide more physiologically relevant information. The eye is an extremely complex organ that comprises a large variety of highly heterogeneous tissues that are divided into two asymmetrical portions: the anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment consists of the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, sclera, aqueous humor, and the lens. Different diseases in these tissues can have devastating effects. To study these pathologies and develop new treatments, the use of cell culture models is instrumental, and the better the model, the more relevant the results. Thus, the development of sophisticated 3D models of ocular tissues is a significant challenge with enormous potential. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the development of 3D in vitro models of the anterior segment of the eye, with a special focus on those that use human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Rao C, Huisman DH, Vieira HM, Frodyma DE, Neilsen BK, Chakraborty B, Hight SK, White MA, Fisher KW, Lewis RE. A Gene Expression High-Throughput Screen (GE-HTS) for Coordinated Detection of Functionally Similar Effectors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3143. [PMID: 33120942 PMCID: PMC7692652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide, loss-of-function screening can be used to identify novel vulnerabilities upon which specific tumor cells depend for survival. Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) is a gene expression-based high-throughput screening (GE-HTS) method that allows researchers to identify functionally similar proteins, small molecules, and microRNA mimics, revealing novel therapeutic targets. FUSION uses cell-based high-throughput screening and computational analysis to match gene expression signatures produced by natural products to those produced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and synthetic microRNA libraries to identify putative protein targets and mechanisms of action (MoA) for several previously undescribed natural products. We have used FUSION to screen for functional analogues to Kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), a scaffold protein downstream of Ras in the Raf-MEK-ERK kinase cascade, and biologically validated several proteins with functional similarity to KSR1. FUSION incorporates bioinformatics analysis that may offer higher resolution of the endpoint readout than other screens which utilize Boolean outputs regarding a single pathway activation (i.e., synthetic lethal and cell proliferation). Challenges associated with FUSION and other high-content genome-wide screens include variation, batch effects, and controlling for potential off-target effects. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of FUSION to identify novel inhibitors and oncogene-induced changes that may be cancer cell-specific as well as several potential pitfalls within FUSION and best practices to avoid them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Rao
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Dianna H. Huisman
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Heidi M. Vieira
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Danielle E. Frodyma
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Beth K. Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Binita Chakraborty
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Suzie K. Hight
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Michael A. White
- Chief Scientific Officer, Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Robert E. Lewis
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
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Henslee EA, Dunlop CM, de Mel CM, Carter EA, Abdallat RG, Camelliti P, Labeed FH. DEP-Dots for 3D cell culture: low-cost, high-repeatability, effective 3D cell culture in multiple gel systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14603. [PMID: 32884022 PMCID: PMC7471335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that cells grown in 3D are more tolerant to drug treatment than those grown in dispersion, but the mechanism for this is still not clear; cells grown in 3D have opportunities to develop inter-cell communication, but are also closely packed which may impede diffusion. In this study we examine methods for dielectrophoresis-based cell aggregation of both suspension and adherent cell lines, and compare the effect of various drugs on cells grown in 3D and 2D. Comparing viability of pharmacological interventions on 3D cell clusters against both suspension cells and adherent cells grown in monolayer, as well as against a unicellular organism with no propensity for intracellular communication, we suggest that 3D aggregates of adherent cells, compared to suspension cells, show a substantially different drug response to cells grown in monolayer, which increases as the IC50 is approached. Further, a mathematical model of the system for each agent demonstrates that changes to drug response are due to inherent changes in the system of adherent cells from the 2D to 3D state. Finally, differences in the electrophysiological membrane properties of the adherent cell type suggest this parameter plays an important role in the differences found in the 3D drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Henslee
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK.,Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Wake Downtown, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Carina M Dunlop
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Christine M de Mel
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Emily A Carter
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Rula G Abdallat
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Fatima H Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK.
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Park SB, Koh B, Jung WH, Choi KJ, Na YJ, Yoo HM, Lee S, Kang D, Lee DM, Kim KY. Development of a three-dimensional in vitro co-culture model to increase drug selectivity for humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1302-1315. [PMID: 32173999 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Insulin resistance is a metabolic state where insulin sensitivity is lower than normal condition and strongly related to type 2 diabetes. However, an in vitro model mimicking insulin resistance is rare and thus screening drugs for insulin resistance severely depends on an in vivo model. Here, to increase anti-diabetic drug selectivity for humans, 3D ADMSCs and macrophages were co-cultured with in-house fabricated co-culture plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS 3D co-culture plates were designed to load ADMSCs and RAW264.7 cells containing hydrogels in separate wells while allowing cell-cell interaction with co-culturing media. Hydrogels were constructed using a 3D cell-printing system containing 20 mg/ml alginate, 0.5 mg/ml gelatin and 0.5 mg/ml type I collagen. Cells containing hydrogels in 3D co-culture plates were incubated for 10 min to allow stabilization before the experiment. 3D co-culture plates were incubated with the CaCl2 solution for 5 min to complete the cross linking of alginate hydrogel. Cells in 3D co-culture plates were cultured for up to 12 days depending on the experiment and wells containing adipocytes and macrophages were separated and used for assays. RESULTS KR-1, KR-2 and KR-3 compounds were applied during differentiation (12 days) in 3D co-cultured mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and 3D co-cultured human ADMSCs. Glucose uptake assay using 2-DG6P and 2-NBDG and western blot analysis were performed to investigate changes of insulin resistance in the 3D co-cultured model for interspecies selectivity of drug screening. KR-1 (mouse potent enantiomer) and KR-3 (racemic mixture) showed improvement of 2-DG and 2-NBDG uptake compared with KR-2 (human potent enantiomer) in 3D co-cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In connection with insulin resistance in a 3D 3T3-L1 co-cultured model, KR-1 and KR-3 showed improvement of insulin sensitivity compared to KR-2 by markedly increasing GLUT4 expression. In contrast to the result of 3D co-cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, KR-1 failed to significantly improve 2-DG and 2-NBDG uptake in 3D co-cultured ADMSC adipocytes. Results of 2-NBDG accumulation and western blot analysis also showed that KR-2 and KR-3 improved insulin sensitivity relatively better than KR-1. CONCLUSIONS Our 3D co-culture model with/without 3D co-culture plates can successfully mimic insulin resistance while allowing investigation of the effects of anti-obesity or anti-diabetic drugs on human or mouse co-culturing cell type. This 3D co-culture system may accelerate screening of drugs for insulin resistance depending on species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Na
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunray Lee
- Cell Engineering for Origin Research Center, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Majerník M, Jendželovský R, Fedoročko P. Potentiality, Limitations, and Consequences of Different Experimental Models to Improve Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment in Relation to Antiangiogenic Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082118. [PMID: 32751731 PMCID: PMC7463805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of experimentally gained information represents a long-term debating issue in the field of molecular biology research. The loss of original conditions in the in vitro environment affects various biological mechanisms and cellular interactions. Consequently, some biochemical mechanisms are lost or critically altered. Analyses in these modified conditions could, therefore, distort the relevancy of experimentally gained information. In some cases, the similarities with original conditions are so small that utilization of simpler in vitro models seems impossible, or could occur in a very limited way. To conclude, the study of more complex phenomena places higher demands on the complexity of the experimental model. The latest information highlights the fact that the tumor angiogenesis mechanism has very complex features. This complexity can be associated with a wide range of angiogenic factors expressed by a variety of malignant and non-malignant cells. Our article summarizes the results from various experimental models that were utilized to analyze a photodynamic therapy effect on tumor angiogenic mechanisms. Additionally, based on the latest information, we present the most important attributes and limitations of utilized experimental models. We also evaluate the essential problems associated with angiogenic mechanism induction after photodynamic therapy application.
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Ding C, Chen X, Kang Q, Yan X. Biomedical Application of Functional Materials in Organ-on-a-Chip. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:823. [PMID: 32793573 PMCID: PMC7387427 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology has been utilized in a lot of biomedical fields such as fundamental physiological and pharmacological researches. Various materials have been introduced in OOC and can be broadly classified into inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. Although PDMS continues to be the preferred material for laboratory research, materials for OOC are constantly evolving and progressing, and have promoted the development of OOC. This mini review provides a summary of the various type of materials for OOC systems, focusing on the progress of materials and related fabrication technologies within the last 5 years. The advantages and drawbacks of these materials in particular applications are discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizhu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinshu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, China
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Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cell-Enriched Spheroid Model for Anticancer Compound Screening. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071707. [PMID: 32708734 PMCID: PMC7408407 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare cell population in tumors, are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and thus responsible for tumor recurrence. To screen for active compounds targeting CSCs, a good CSC-enriched model compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) is needed. Here, we describe a new head and neck cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid model (SCESM) suitable for HTS analyses of anti-CSC compounds. We used FaDu cells, round-bottom ultra-low adherent (ULA) microplates, and stem medium. The formed spheroids displayed increased expression of all stem markers tested (qRT-PCR and protein analysis) in comparison to the FaDu cells grown in a standard adherent culture or in a well-known HTS-compatible multi-cellular tumor spheroid model (MCTS). Consistent with increased stemness of the cells in the spheroid, confocal microscopy detected fast proliferating cells only at the outer rim of the SCESM spheroids, with poorly/non-proliferating cells deeper in. To confirm the sensitivity of our model, we used ATRA treatment, which strongly reduced the expression of selected stem markers. Altogether, we developed a CSC-enriched spheroid model with a simple protocol, a microplate format compatible with multimodal detection systems, and a high detection signal, making it suitable for anti-CSC compounds' HTS.
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Gene Expression Signature of BRAF Inhibitor Resistant Melanoma Spheroids. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2557-2566. [PMID: 32613561 PMCID: PMC7471197 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are frequently used to define the molecular background of drug resistance. The majority of currently available data have been obtained from 2D in vitro cultures, however, 3D cell culture systems (spheroids) are more likely to behave similarly to in vivo conditions. Our major aim was to compare the gene expression signature of 2D and 3D cultured BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell lines. We successfully developed BRAF-drug resistant cell lines from paired primary/metastatic melanoma cell lines in both 2D and 3D in vitro cultures. Using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays, we determined the gene expression pattern of all cell lines. Our analysis revealed 1049 genes (562 upregulated and 487 downregulated) that were differentially expressed between drug-sensitive cells grown under different cell cultures. Pathway analysis showed that the differently expressed genes were mainly associated with the cell cycle, p53, and other cancer-related pathways. The number of upregulated genes (72 genes) was remarkably fewer when comparing the resistant adherent cells to cells that grow in 3D, and were associated with cell adhesion molecules and IGF1R signalling. Only 1% of the upregulated and 5.6% of the downregulated genes were commonly altered between the sensitive and the resistant spheroids. Interestingly, we found several genes (BNIP3, RING1 and ABHD4) with inverse expression signature between sensitive and resistant spheroids, which are involved in anoikis resistance and cell cycle regulation. In summary, our study highlights gene expression alterations that might help to understand the development of acquired resistance in melanoma cells in tumour tissue.
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Hydrogel-based milliwell arrays for standardized and scalable retinal organoid cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10275. [PMID: 32581233 PMCID: PMC7314858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of improved methods to culture retinal organoids is relevant for the investigation of mechanisms of retinal development under pathophysiological conditions, for screening of neuroprotective compounds, and for providing a cellular source for clinical transplantation. We report a tissue-engineering approach to accelerate and standardize the production of retinal organoids by culturing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) in optimal physico-chemical microenvironments. Arrayed round-bottom milliwells composed of biomimetic hydrogels, combined with an optimized medium formulation, promoted the rapid generation of retina-like tissue from mESC aggregates in a highly efficient and stereotypical manner: ∼93% of the aggregates contained retinal organoid structures. 26 day-old retinal organoids were composed of ∼80% of photoreceptors, of which ∼22% are GNAT2-positive cones, an important and rare sensory cell type that is difficult to study in rodent models. The compartmentalization of retinal organoids into predefined locations on a two-dimensional array not only allowed us to derive almost all aggregates into retinal organoids, but also to reliably capture the dynamics of individual organoids, an advantageous requirement for high-throughput experimentation. Our improved retinal organoid culture system should be useful for applications that require scalability and single-organoid traceability.
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Brodwolf R, Volz-Rakebrand P, Stellmacher J, Wolff C, Unbehauen M, Haag R, Schäfer-Korting M, Zoschke C, Alexiev U. Faster, sharper, more precise: Automated Cluster-FLIM in preclinical testing directly identifies the intracellular fate of theranostics in live cells and tissue. Theranostics 2020; 10:6322-6336. [PMID: 32483455 PMCID: PMC7255044 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is widely used for high content screening in 2D cell cultures and 3D models. In particular, 3D tissue models are gaining major relevance in modern drug development. Enabling direct multiparametric evaluation of complex samples, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) adds a further level to intensity imaging by the sensitivity of the fluorescence lifetime to the microenvironment. However, the use of FLIM is limited amongst others by the acquisition of sufficient photon numbers without phototoxic effects in live cells. Herein, we developed a new cluster-based analysis method to enhance insight, and significantly speed up analysis and measurement time for the accurate translation of fluorescence lifetime information into pharmacological pathways. Methods: We applied a fluorescently-labeled dendritic core-multishell nanocarrier and its cargo Bodipy as molecules of interest (MOI) to human cells and reconstructed human tissue. Following the sensitivity and specificity assessment of the fitting-free Cluster-FLIM analysis of data in silico and in vitro, we evaluated the dynamics of cellular molecule uptake and intracellular interactions. For 3D live tissue investigations, we applied multiphoton (mp) FLIM. Owing to Cluster-FLIM's statistics-based fitting-free analysis, we utilized this approach for automatization. Results: To discriminate the fluorescence lifetime signatures of 5 different fluorescence species in a single color channel, the Cluster-FLIM method requires only 170, respectively, 90 counts per pixel to obtain 95% sensitivity (hit rate) and 95% specificity (correct rejection rate). Cluster-FLIM revealed cellular interactions of MOIs, representing their spatiotemporal intracellular fate. In a setting of an automated workflow, the assessment of lysosomal trapping of the MOI revealed relevant differences between normal and tumor cells, as well as between 2D and 3D models. Conclusion: The automated Cluster-FLIM tool is fitting-free, providing images with enhanced information, contrast, and spatial resolution at short exposure times and low fluorophore concentrations. Thereby, Cluster-FLIM increases the applicability of FLIM in high content analysis of target molecules in drug development and beyond.
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Sieni E, Dettin M, De Robertis M, Bazzolo B, Conconi MT, Zamuner A, Marino R, Keller F, Campana LG, Signori E. The Efficiency of Gene Electrotransfer in Breast-Cancer Cell Lines Cultured on a Novel Collagen-Free 3D Scaffold. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041043. [PMID: 32340405 PMCID: PMC7226458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene Electro-Transfer (GET) is a powerful method of DNA delivery with great potential for medical applications. Although GET has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo, the optimal parameters remain controversial. 2D cell cultures have been widely used to investigate GET protocols, but have intrinsic limitations, whereas 3D cultures may represent a more reliable model thanks to the capacity of reproducing the tumor architecture. Here we applied two GET protocols, using a plate or linear electrode, on 3D-cultured HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines grown on a novel collagen-free 3D scaffold and compared results with conventional 2D cultures. To evaluate the electrotransfer efficiency, we used the plasmid pEGFP-C3 encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene. The novel 3D scaffold promoted extracellular matrix deposition, which particularly influences cell behavior in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo tumor tissue. While the transfection efficiency was similar in the 2D-cultures, we observed significant differences in the 3D-model. The transfection efficiency in the 3D vs 2D model was 44% versus 15% (p < 0.01) and 24% versus 17% (p < 0.01) in HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 cell cultures, respectively. These findings suggest that the novel 3D scaffold allows reproducing, at least partially, the peculiar morphology of the original tumor tissues, thus allowing us to detect meaningful differences between the two cell lines. Following GET with plate electrodes, cell viability was higher in 3D-cultured HCC1954 (66%) and MDA-MB231 (96%) cell lines compared to their 2D counterpart (53% and 63%, respectively, p < 0.001). Based on these results, we propose the novel 3D scaffold as a reliable support for the preparation of cell cultures in GET studies. It may increase the reliability of in vitro assays and allow the optimization of GET parameters of in vivo protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0332-421405 (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0-649-934-232 (E.S.)
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Itay
| | - Bianca Bazzolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (B.B.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (B.B.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ramona Marino
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Flavio Keller
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences DISCOG, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
- CNR-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0332-421405 (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0-649-934-232 (E.S.)
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Jokinen M, Pittois K, van den Akker S, Gutschoven I, Assmuth T, Metz T, Lehtilä H, Alanne P. Multiphase matrix of silica, culture medium and air for 3D mammalian cell culture. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:271-282. [PMID: 32072348 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The craving for multiphase materials with adjustable properties for mammalian cell encapsulation persists despite intensive research on 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. This interest is incited by the complex interaction between cells and different materials, various manufacturing methods, cell chip applications, and the aspiration to abolish animal experiments. This study aims to show the feasibility of preparing a stable multiphase material for prolonged mammalian cell embedment and 3D cell culture. The material comprises silica as the solid phase, cell culture medium with serum as the main liquid phase and air as the gas phase. The silica sol-cell culture medium-serum mixture was foamed, and it turned into a stable foamed hydrogel. The stability, flow properties and foaming parameters were studied by rheological and surface tension measurements. The viability of embedded cells was studied by measuring the metabolic activity at different time points. Their sensitivity to the surrounding conditions was compared to cells grown in monolayers by exposing them to a toxic compound. A stable foamed hydrogel with cell culture medium as the main liquid phase was prepared. Based on oscillatory measurements, the foamed hydrogel stays stable for at least 6-7 weeks and the embedded mammalian cells remain viable for the same time period. Appropriate surface tension and viscosity were crucial for an at least twofold volume increase by foaming, which is necessary for the mammalian cells to survive and proliferate. A test with a toxic compound reveals a difference in the sensitivity of cells in monolayer cultures versus embedded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Jokinen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäisenkatu 30, 20100, Turku, Finland.
| | - Karen Pittois
- Department of Science and Technology, Artesis Plantijn University College, Kronenburgstraat 47, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Suzanne van den Akker
- Department of Science and Technology, Artesis Plantijn University College, Kronenburgstraat 47, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Inge Gutschoven
- Department of Science and Technology, Artesis Plantijn University College, Kronenburgstraat 47, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tatu Assmuth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäisenkatu 30, 20100, Turku, Finland
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Metz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäisenkatu 30, 20100, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lehtilä
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäisenkatu 30, 20100, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Alanne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Lemminkäisenkatu 30, 20100, Turku, Finland
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Comparison of 2D and 3D cell cultures of colorectal adenocarcinoma as models for drug screening. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kochanek SJ, Close DA, Camarco DP, Johnston PA. Maximizing the Value of Cancer Drug Screening in Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Cultures: A Case Study in Five Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:329-349. [PMID: 31983262 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219896999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With approval rates <5% and the probability of success in oncology clinical trials of 3.4%, more physiologically relevant in vitro three-dimensional models are being deployed during lead generation to select better drug candidates for solid tumors. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) resemble avascular tumor nodules, micrometastases, or the intervascular regions of large solid tumors with respect to morphology, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and volume growth kinetics. MCTSs develop gradients of nutrient and oxygen concentration resulting in diverse microenvironments with differential proliferation and drug distribution zones. We produced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) MCTSs in 384-well U-bottom ultra-low-attachment microtiter plates and used metabolic viability and imaging methods to measure morphologies, growth phenotypes and the effects of 19 anticancer drugs. We showed that cell viability measurements underestimated the impact of drug exposure in HNSCC MCTS cultures, but that incorporating morphology and dead-cell staining analyses increased the number of drugs judged to have substantially impacted MCTS cultures. A cumulative multiparameter drug impact score enabled us to stratify MCTS drug responses into high-, intermediate-, and low-impact tiers, and maximized the value of these more physiologically relevant tumor cultures. It is conceivable that the viable cells present in MCTS cultures after drug exposure arise from drug-resistant populations that could represent a source of drug failure and recurrence. Long-term monitoring of treated MCTS cultures could provide a strategy to determine whether these drug-resistant populations represent circumstances where tumor growth is delayed and may ultimately give rise to regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton J Kochanek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel P Camarco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Liu H, Wang Y, Cui K, Guo Y, Zhang X, Qin J. Advances in Hydrogels in Organoids and Organs-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902042. [PMID: 31282047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more effective diagnostics and therapy. Organoids and organs-on-a-chip (OOC), evolved from developmental biology and bioengineering principles, have emerged as major technological breakthrough and distinct model systems to revolutionize biomedical research and drug discovery by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexity of human organs in vitro. There is growing interest in the development of functional biomaterials, especially hydrogels, for utilization in these promising systems to build more physiologically relevant 3D tissues with defined properties. The remarkable properties of defined hydrogels as proper extracellular matrix that can instruct cellular behaviors are presented. The recent trend where functional hydrogels are integrated into organoids and OOC systems for the construction of 3D tissue models is highlighted. Future opportunities and perspectives in the development of advanced hydrogels toward accelerating organoids and OOC research in biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangli Cui
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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50
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Khurana B, Gierlich P, Meindl A, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Hydrogels: soft matters in photomedicine. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2613-2656. [PMID: 31460568 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a shining beacon in the realm of photomedicine, is a non-invasive technique that utilizes dye-based photosensitizers (PSs) in conjunction with light and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species to combat malignant tissues and infectious microorganisms. Yet, for PDT to become a common, routine therapy, it is still necessary to overcome limitations such as photosensitizer solubility, long-term side effects (e.g., photosensitivity) and to develop safe, biocompatible and target-specific formulations. Polymer based drug delivery platforms are an effective strategy for the delivery of PSs for PDT applications. Among them, hydrogels and 3D polymer scaffolds with the ability to swell in aqueous media have been deeply investigated. Particularly, hydrogel-based formulations present real potential to fulfill all requirements of an ideal PDT platform by overcoming the solubility issues, while improving the selectivity and targeting drawbacks of the PSs alone. In this perspective, we summarize the use of hydrogels as carrier systems of PSs to enhance the effectiveness of PDT against infections and cancer. Their potential in environmental and biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering photoremediation and photochemistry, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Khurana
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Piotr Gierlich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. and CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alina Meindl
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. and Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany and Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technische Universität München, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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