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Horta BL, Coca KP, Desai M, Dias MS, B Jaccottet M, Ross MG. Breastfeeding moderates the association of maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status with offspring body composition at 30 years. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2024; 15:e3. [PMID: 38487898 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index is positively associated with offspring obesity, even at adulthood, whereas breastfeeding decreases the risk of obesity. The present study was aimed at assessing whether breastfeeding moderates the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with offspring body composition at adulthood, using data from 3439 subjects enrolled in a southern Brazilian birth cohort. At 30 years of age, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was positively associated with offspring prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, as well as body mass index and fat and lean mass index. Breastfeeding moderated the association of maternal pre-pregnancy obesity with offspring adiposity at 30 years of age. For those breastfed<6 months, body mass index was 4.13 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval: 2.98; 5.28) higher among offspring of obese mothers, in relation to offspring of normal weight mothers, whereas among those breastfed≥6 months the magnitude of the difference was small [2.95 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval: 1.17; 4.73)], p-value for interaction = 0.03. Concerning obesity, among those who had been breastfed < 6 months, the prevalence of obesity was 2.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.98; 3.31) times higher among offspring of obese mothers. On the other hand, among those who were breastfed ≥ 6 months, the prevalence of obesity was 1.82 (95% confidence interval: 1.09; 3.04) times higher among offspring of obese mothers. Therefore, among overweight mothers breastfeeding for more than 6 months should be supported, as it may mitigate the consequences of maternal overweight on offspring body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kelly P Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariane S Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Manoella B Jaccottet
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Michael G Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Polman MAA, Beckers D, Burk WJ, Smit CR, Buijzen M, Vink JM, van den Broek N, Larsen JK. The effect of a multi-component school-based social network intervention on children's body mass index: a four-arm intervention study. Psychol Health 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36803013 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2179084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Schools are considered an important setting for stimulating healthy weight. The current study is unique in examining effects of a multi-component school-based social network intervention on children's body mass index z-scores (zBMI).Methods: Four schools were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: a social network intervention using influence agents focusing on water consumption, physical activity, a combination of the two, or a passive control condition. Participants included a total of 201 6- to-11-year-old children (53.7% girls; Mage = 8.51, SDage = 0.93). At baseline, 149 (76.0%) participants had a healthy weight, 29 (14.8%) had overweight and 18 (9.2%) had obesity.Results: Linear mixed effect models indicated that a multi-component school-based social network intervention targeting both water consumption and physical activity was most effective in decreasing children's zBMI.Conclusion: This study suggests that schools can contribute to the intervention of childhood obesity-even without involving the parents-by targeting both children's water consumption and physical activity through influential peers, but more research is needed to identify mechanisms of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A A Polman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desi Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Crystal R Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Carayanni V, Bogdanis GC, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Koutsouki D, Manios Y, Karachaliou F, Psaltopoulou T, Michalacos S. Predicting VO 2max in Children and Adolescents Aged between 6 and 17 Using Physiological Characteristics and Participation in Sport Activities: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Different Regression Models Stratified by Gender. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121935. [PMID: 36553378 PMCID: PMC9776983 DOI: 10.3390/children9121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to use different regression models to capture the association between cardiorespiratory fitness VO2max (measured in mL/kg/min) and somatometric characteristics and sports activities and making better predictions. Methods: multiple linear regression (MLR), quantile regression (QR), ridge regression (RR), support vector regression (SVR) with three different kernels, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and boosted regression trees (RTs) were compared to explain and predict VO2max and to choose the best performance model. The sample consisted of 4908 children (2314 males and 2594 females) aged between 6 and 17. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m maximal multistage shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was calculated. Welch t-tests, Mann−Whitney-U tests, X2 tests, and ANOVA tests were performed. The performance measures were root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: A comparison of the statistical indices for both the predicted and actual data indicated that in boys, the MLR model outperformed all other models in all indices, followed by the linear SVR model. In girls, the MLR model performed better than the other models in R2 but was outperformed by SVR-RBF in terms of RMSE and MAE. The overweight and obesity categories in both sexes (p < 0.001) and maternal prepregnancy obesity in girls had a significant negative effect on VO2max. Age, weekly football training, track and field, basketball, and swimming had different positive effects based on gender. Conclusion: The MLR model showed remarkable performance against all other models and was competitive with the SVR models. In addition, this study’s data showed that changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were dependent, to a different extent based on gender, on BMI category, weight, height, age, and participation in some organized sports activities. Predictors that are not considered modifiable, such as gender, can be used to guide targeted interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilelmine Carayanni
- School of Administration Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Tourism Administration, University of West Attica, 28 Saint Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistaseos Str., Daphne, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, Children’s Hospital P. & A. Kyriakou, Thivon & Levadeias Str., Ampelokipoi T.K., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Koutsouki
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistaseos Str., Daphne, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Ave. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Feneli Karachaliou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, Children’s Hospital P. & A. Kyriakou, Thivon & Levadeias Str., Ampelokipoi T.K., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Goudi, Greece
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, Children’s Hospital P. & A. Kyriakou, Thivon & Levadeias Str., Ampelokipoi T.K., 11527 Athens, Greece
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Ekstrom LD, Ahlqvist VH, Persson M, Magnusson C, Berglind D. The association between birth by cesarean section and adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of 339,451 Swedish males. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18661. [PMID: 33122786 PMCID: PMC7596509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth by cesarean section is increasing worldwide and associates with offspring morbidities capable of adversely impacting cardiorespiratory fitness later in life. Whether birth by cesarean section associates with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness later in life is unknown and is of interest to public health. Four Swedish national registers were linked to follow 339,451 singleton males, born between 1973–1987 until December 31 2005, for Watt-maximum achieved on a cycle ergometer test at conscription into the Swedish military. Main exposure was birth by cesarean section which was compared to vaginal birth. A sub-population of 45,999 males born between 1982–1987 was identified to explore differentiated associations between elective and non-elective cesarean section with Watt-maximum. Within-family analyses of 34,252 families with 70,632 biological male siblings, who conscripted during the study period, were performed to explore the role of familial confounding on Watt-maximum. Swedish males born by cesarean section achieved lower mean Watt-maximum (− 2.32 W, 95%C.I. − 2.90 to − 1.75) and displayed excess odds of low cardiorespiratory fitness (aOR = 1.08, 95%C.I. 1.05 to 1.11) at conscription in the eighteenth life-year compared to males born vaginally after adjusting for birth characteristics, maternal morbidities and parental socioeconomic position. In the sub-population, males born 1982–1987, there was a greater negative association of elective cesarean section with cardiorespiratory fitness (− 4.42 W, 95%C.I. − 6.27 to − 2.57, p < 0.001) than non-elective cesarean sections (− 1.96 W, 95%C.I. − 3.77 to − 0.16, p = 0.033) as compared to vaginal births. No associations between modes of cesarean delivery and cardiorespiratory fitness levels persisted in the within-family analyses where biological male siblings were compared whilst controlling for factors shared within families. Males born by cesarean section had lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness eighteen years later compared to males born vaginally. These findings appear to be largely explained by factors of familial confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Ekstrom
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viktor H Ahlqvist
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bernhardsen GP, Stensrud T, Nystad W, Ekelund U. Pre- and post-natal factors and physical activity in childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2264-2274. [PMID: 32720380 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the possibility that pre- and post-natal factors may be non-linearly associated with later physical activity. We used data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), including 48 672 children with available data on leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at child's age 7 years. Restricted cubic and linear splines or linear regression was used to examine the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain from birth to 1 year with LTPA (frequency/wk) in 7-year-old children. The results suggest no associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight, and infant weight gain on subsequent LTPA in girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight may be non-linearly associated with LTPA in 7-year-old boys. Infant weight gain (change in weight z-score from birth to 1 year) may be weakly linearly associated with LTPA in boys. Pre- and post-natal factors may therefore influence LTPA in childhood differently in boys and girls. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight are positively associated with LTPA at the lower ends of the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and birth weight continuums in boys. The negative associations at the higher ends of the continuums and the positive association between infant weight gain and LTPA in boys may not be important and needs further replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Physical Fitness in Childhood. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 32:165-171. [PMID: 32460244 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with physical fitness in children. METHODS A random sample of 5125 children and their mothers was evaluated. The mothers provided data contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. The data from 5 physical fitness tests (eg, 20-m shuttle run, 30-m sprint, vertical jump, standing long jump, and small ball throw) were used to assess children's cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, explosive power, and lower and upper body strength, respectively. RESULTS MppBMI was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = -0.02), lower body strength (b = -1.01), upper body strength (b = -0.07), and speed (b = 0.04). Also, GWG was unfavorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = -0.02), lower body strength (b = -1.12), upper body strength (b = -0.03), and speed (b = 0.03), after adjusting for sex, birth weight, and children's BMI (all P values < .05). Children of mothers with an mppBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and excess GWG had almost 30% and 20% increased odds for low performances in physical fitness tests than those of mothers with an mppBMI < 25 kg/m2 and adequate GWG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal factors such as increased mppBMI and excess GWG could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.
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Ahlqvist VH, Persson M, Ortega FB, Tynelius P, Magnusson C, Berglind D. Birth Weight and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Young Men Born at Term: The Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014290. [PMID: 32000561 PMCID: PMC7033863 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Preterm delivery and low birth weight are prospectively associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, whether birth weight, within the at-term range, is associated with later CRF is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine this issue and whether such association, if any, is explained by shared and/or nonshared familial factors. Methods and Results We conducted a prospective cohort study, including 286 761 young male adults and a subset of 52 544 siblings born at-term. Objectively measured data were retrieved from total population registers. CRF was tested at conscription and defined as the maximal load obtained on a cycle ergometer. We used linear and nonlinear and fixed-effects regression analyses to explore associations between birth weight and CRF. Higher birth weight, within the at-term range, was strongly associated with increasing CRF in a linear fashion. Each SD increase in birth weight was associated with an increase of 7.9 (95% CI, 7.8-8.1) and 6.6 (95% CI; 5.9-7.3) Wmax in the total and sibling cohorts, respectively. The association did not vary with young adulthood body mass index. Conclusions Birth weight is strongly associated with increasing CRF in young adulthood among men born at-term, across all categories of body mass index. This association appears to be mainly driven by factors that are not shared between siblings. Hence, CRF may to some extent be determined already in utero. Prevention of low birth weight, also within the at-term-range, can be a feasible mean of increasing adult CRF and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research groupDepartment of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community MedicineRegion StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community MedicineRegion StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community MedicineRegion StockholmStockholmSweden
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Heslehurst N, Vieira R, Akhter Z, Bailey H, Slack E, Ngongalah L, Pemu A, Rankin J. The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002817. [PMID: 31185012 PMCID: PMC6559702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a global obesity crisis, particularly among women and disadvantaged populations. Early-life intervention to prevent childhood obesity is a priority for public health, global health, and clinical practice. Understanding the association between childhood obesity and maternal pre-pregnancy weight status would inform policy and practice by allowing one to estimate the potential for offspring health gain through channelling resources into intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the dose-response association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity in the offspring. METHODS AND FINDINGS Searches in MEDLINE, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycInfo were carried out in August 2017 and updated in March 2019. Supplementary searches included hand-searching reference lists, performing citation searching, and contacting authors. Two researchers carried out independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Observational studies published in English and reporting associations between continuous and/or categorical maternal and child BMI or z-score were included. Categorical outcomes were child obesity (≥95th percentile, primary outcome), overweight/obesity (≥85th percentile), and overweight (85th to 95th percentile). Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Studies that could not be included in meta-analyses were summarised narratively. Seventy-nine of 41,301 studies identified met the inclusion criteria (n = 59 cohorts). Meta-analyses of child obesity included 20 studies (n = 88,872); child overweight/obesity, 22 studies (n = 181,800); and overweight, 10 studies (n = 53,238). Associations were nonlinear and there were significantly increased odds of child obesity with maternal obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.64, 95% CI 2.68-4.95) and maternal overweight (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.62-2.19). Significantly increased odds were observed for child overweight/obesity (OR 2.69, 95% CI 2.10-3.46) and for child overweight (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.25, 2.59) with maternal obesity. A limitation of this research is that the included studies did not always report the data in a format that enabled inclusion in this complex meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS This research has identified a 264% increase in the odds of child obesity when mothers have obesity before conception. This study provides substantial evidence for the need to develop interventions that commence prior to conception, to support women of childbearing age with weight management in order to halt intergenerational obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Heslehurst
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rute Vieira
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
United Kingdom
| | - Zainab Akhter
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Bailey
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lem Ngongalah
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Augustina Pemu
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, United Kingdom
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