1
|
Sriram K, Salmerón C, Wiley SZ, Insel PA. GPCRs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Contributors to tumour biology and novel therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2434-2455. [PMID: 32060895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates (5-year survival ~9%) among cancers. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most common (>80%) and the most lethal type of pancreatic cancer. A need exists for new approaches to treat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. GPCRs, the largest family of cell-surface receptors and drug targets, account for ~35% of approved drugs. Recent studies have revealed roles for GPCRs in PAAD cells and cells in the tumour micro-environment. This review assesses current information regarding GPCRs in PAAD by summarizing omics data for GPCRs expression in PAAD. The PAAD "GPCRome" includes GPCRs with approved agents, thereby offering potential for their repurposing/repositioning. We then reviewed the evidence for functional roles of specific GPCRs in PAAD. We also highlight gaps in understanding the contribution of GPCRs to PAAD biology and identify several GPCRs that may be novel therapeutic targets for future work in search of GPCR-targeted drugs to treat PAAD tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shu Z Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Zhu D, Xing H, Hou Y, Sun Y. A 6‑gene risk score system constructed for predicting the clinical prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:1521-1530. [PMID: 30747226 PMCID: PMC6365694 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, which commonly has an unfavorable prognosis. The present study aimed to develop a novel prognostic prediction strategy for PAC patients. mRNA sequencing data of PAC (the training dataset) were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the validation datasets (GSE62452 and GSE79668) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between good and poor prognosis groups were analyzed by limma package, and then prognosis‑associated genes were screened using Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the risk score system was constructed and confirmed using Kaplan‑Meier (KM) survival analysis. After the survival associated‑clinical factors were screened using Cox regression analysis, they were performed with stratified analysis. Using DAVID tool, the DEGs correlated with risk scores were conducted with enrichment analysis. The results revealed that there were a total of 242 DEGs between the poor and good prognosis groups. Afterwards, a risk score system was constructed based on 6 prognosis‑associated genes (CXCL11, FSTL4, SEZ6L, SPRR1B, SSTR2 and TINAG), which was confirmed in both the training and validation datasets. Cox regression analysis showed that risk score, targeted molecular therapy, and new tumor (the new tumor event days after the initial treatment according to the TCGA database) were significantly related to clinical prognosis. Under the same clinical condition, 6 clinical factors (age, history of chronic pancreatitis, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy and new tumor (event days) had significant associations with clinical prognosis. Under the same risk condition, only targeted molecular therapy was significantly correlated with clinical prognosis. In conclusion, the 6‑gene risk score system may be a promising strategy for predicting the outcome of PAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the three deadliest cancers worldwide with the lowest 5-year survival of all cancers. Despite all efforts, therapeutic improvements have barely been made over the last decade. Even recent highly promising targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches did not live up to their expectations. Therefore, other horizons have to be explored. Natural Killer (NK) cells are gaining more and more interest as a highly attractive target for cancer immunotherapies, both as pharmaceutical target and for cell therapies. In this systematic review we summarise the pathophysiological adaptions of NK cells in pancreatic cancer and highlight possible (future) therapeutic NK cell-related targets. Furthermore, an extensive overview of recent therapeutic approaches with an effect on NK cells is given, including cytokine-based, viro- and bacteriotherapy and cell therapy. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials that might influence NK cells. In conclusion, although several issues regarding NK cells in pancreatic cancer remain unsolved and need further investigation, extensive evidence is already provided that support NK cell oriented approaches in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sato-Dahlman M, Wirth K, Yamamoto M. Role of Gene Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E103. [PMID: 29614005 PMCID: PMC5923358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained essentially unchanged for decades and its relative contribution to overall cancer death is projected to only increase in the coming years. Current treatment for PDAC includes aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection in a limited number of patients, with median survival of optimal treatment rather dismal. Recent advances in gene therapies offer novel opportunities for treatment, even in those with locally advanced disease. In this review, we summarize emerging techniques to the design and administration of virotherapy, synthetic vectors, and gene-editing technology. Despite these promising advances, shortcomings continue to exist and here will also be highlighted those approaches to overcoming obstacles in current laboratory and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Surgery BTR, MMC 195, 8195F, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vassaux G, Angelova A, Baril P, Midoux P, Rommelaere J, Cordelier P. The Promise of Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:127-33. [PMID: 26603492 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike for other digestive cancer entities, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies have, so far, largely failed to improve patient survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in Europe and the United States. In this context, gene therapy may offer a new avenue for patients with PDAC. In this review, we explore the research currently ongoing in French laboratories aimed at defeating PDAC using nonviral therapeutic gene delivery, targeted transgene expression, or oncolytic virotherapy that recently or will soon bridge the gap between experimental models of cancer and clinical trials. These studies are likely to change clinical practice or thinking about PDAC management, as they represent a major advance not only for PDAC but may also significantly influence the field of gene-based molecular treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Vassaux
- 1 Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France .,2 Laboratoire TIRO , UMRE 4320, CEA, Nice, France
| | - Assia Angelova
- 3 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tumor Virology/F010, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Baril
- 4 Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 and University of Orléans , Orléans, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- 4 Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 and University of Orléans , Orléans, France
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- 3 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tumor Virology/F010, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- 5 INSERM , UMR1037 CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France .,6 Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier , F-31000 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hanoun N, Gayral M, Pointreau A, Buscail L, Cordelier P. Initial Characterization of Integrase-Defective Lentiviral Vectors for Pancreatic Cancer Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:184-92. [PMID: 26731312 PMCID: PMC4779299 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority (85%) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are discovered at too of a late stage to allow curative surgery. In addition, PDAC is highly resistant to conventional methods of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which only offer a marginal clinical benefit. Consequently, the prognosis of this cancer is devastating, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. In this dismal context, we recently demonstrated that PDAC gene therapy using nonviral vectors is safe and feasible, with early signs of efficacy in selected patients. Our next step is to transfer to the clinic HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors (LVs) that outshine other therapeutic vectors to treat experimental models of PDAC. However, a primary safety issue presented by LVs that may delay their use in patients is the risk of oncogenesis after vector integration in the host's cell DNA. Thus, we developed a novel anticancerous approach based on integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) and demonstrated that IDLVs can be successfully engineered to transiently deliver therapeutic genes to inhibit pancreatic cancer cells proliferation. This work stems for the use of therapeutic IDLVs for the management of PDAC, in forthcoming early phase gene therapy clinical trial for this disease with no cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hanoun
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Gayral
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Pointreau
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buscail L, Bournet B, Vernejoul F, Cambois G, Lulka H, Hanoun N, Dufresne M, Meulle A, Vignolle-Vidoni A, Ligat L, Saint-Laurent N, Pont F, Dejean S, Gayral M, Martins F, Torrisani J, Barbey O, Gross F, Guimbaud R, Otal P, Lopez F, Tiraby G, Cordelier P. First-in-man phase 1 clinical trial of gene therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: safety, biodistribution, and preliminary clinical findings. Mol Ther 2015; 23:779-89. [PMID: 25586689 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 1 trial was aimed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of CYL-02, a nonviral gene therapy product that sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy. CYL-02 was administrated using endoscopic ultrasound in 22 patients with pancreatic cancer that concomitantly received chemotherapy (gemcitabine). The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) exceeded the maximal feasible dose of CYL-02 and was not identified. Treatment-related toxicities were mild, without serious adverse events. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in CYL-02 DNA exposure in blood and tumors, while therapeutic RNAs were detected in tumors. No objective response was observed, but nine patients showed stable disease up to 6 months following treatment and two of these patients experienced long-term survival. Panels of plasmatic microRNAs and proteins were identified as predictive of gene therapy efficacy. We demonstrate that CYL-02 nonviral gene therapy has a favorable safety profile and is well tolerated in patients. We characterize CYL-02 biodistribution and demonstrate therapeutic gene expression in tumors. Treated patients experienced stability of disease and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment were identified. These promising results warrant further evaluation in phase 2 clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Buscail
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Toulouse - Rangueil, Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [4] CIC Biotherapies 511, CHU Toulouse and INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Toulouse - Rangueil, Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gilles Cambois
- Cayla InvivoGen Company, Research Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Lulka
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Naïma Hanoun
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Dufresne
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Aline Meulle
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Alix Vignolle-Vidoni
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Toulouse - Rangueil, Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 Proteomic Group-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saint-Laurent
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 Proteomic Group-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Pont
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 Proteomic Group-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Dejean
- Department of Mathematics, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Gayral
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jérôme Torrisani
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Barbey
- CIC Biotherapies 511, CHU Toulouse and INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabian Gross
- CIC Biotherapies 511, CHU Toulouse and INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Department of Oncology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Otal
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lopez
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [3] Inserm, UMR1037 Proteomic Group-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Gérard Tiraby
- Cayla InvivoGen Company, Research Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- 1] Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France [2] Inserm, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu SX, Xia ZS, Zhong YQ. Gene therapy in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13343-68. [PMID: 25309069 PMCID: PMC4188890 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and notoriously difficult to treat. Only a small proportion of PC patients are eligible for surgical resection, whilst conventional chemoradiotherapy only has a modest effect with substantial toxicity. Gene therapy has become a new widely investigated therapeutic approach for PC. This article reviews the basic rationale, gene delivery methods, therapeutic targets and developments of laboratory research and clinical trials in gene therapy of PC by searching the literature published in English using the PubMed database and analyzing clinical trials registered on the Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide website (http://www. wiley.co.uk/genmed/ clinical). Viral vectors are main gene delivery tools in gene therapy of cancer, and especially, oncolytic virus shows brighter prospect due to its tumor-targeting property. Efficient therapeutic targets for gene therapy include tumor suppressor gene p53, mutant oncogene K-ras, anti-angiogenesis gene VEGFR, suicide gene HSK-TK, cytosine deaminase and cytochrome p450, multiple cytokine genes and so on. Combining different targets or combination strategies with traditional chemoradiotherapy may be a more effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer gene therapy. Cancer gene therapy is not yet applied in clinical practice, but basic and clinical studies have demonstrated its safety and clinical benefits. Gene therapy will be a new and promising field for the treatment of PC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chalabi M, Duluc C, Caron P, Vezzosi D, Guillermet-Guibert J, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C. Somatostatin analogs: does pharmacology impact antitumor efficacy? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:115-27. [PMID: 24405892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of secretion and cell proliferation. These features render somatostatin a logical candidate for the management of neuroendocrine tumors that express somatostatin receptors. Synthetic somatostatin analogs (SSAs) have longer half-lives than somatostatin, but have similar activities, and are used for the treatment of these types of disorders. Interest has focused on novel multireceptor analogs with broader affinity to several of the five somatostatin receptors, thereby presenting putatively higher antitumor activities. Recent evidence indicates that SSAs cannot be considered mimics of native somatostatin in regulating signaling pathways downstream of receptors. Here we review this knowledge, discuss the concept of biased agonism, and highlight what considerations need to be taken into account for the optimal clinical use of SSAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chalabi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Duluc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Caron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Larrey, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Vezzosi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Larrey, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sicard F, Gayral M, Lulka H, Buscail L, Cordelier P. Targeting miR-21 for the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Mol Ther 2013; 21:986-94. [PMID: 23481326 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts worldwide from clinicians and cancer scientists, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a deadly disease for which no cure is available. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key actors in carcinogenesis and we demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21), oncomiR is expressed early during PDA. In the present study, we asked whether targeting miR-21 in human PDA-derived cell lines using lentiviral vectors (LVs) may impede tumor growth. We demonstrated that LVs-transduced human PDA efficiently downregulated miR-21 expression, both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, cell proliferation was strongly inhibited and PDA-derived cell lines died by apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. In vivo, miR-21 depletion stopped the progression of a very aggressive model of PDA, to induce cell death by apoptosis; furthermore, combining miR-21 targeting and chemotherapeutic treatment provoked tumor regression. We demonstrate herein for the first time that targeting oncogenic miRNA strongly inhibit pancreatic cancer tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Because miR-21 is overexpressed in most human tumors; therapeutic delivery of miR-21 antagonists may still be beneficial for a large number of cancers for which no cure is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Sicard
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cuny T, Gerard C, Saveanu A, Barlier A, Enjalbert A. Physiopathology of somatolactotroph cells: from transduction mechanisms to cotargeting therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1220:60-70. [PMID: 21388404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In pituitary somatolactotroph cells, G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases binding their specific ligands trigger an enzymatic cascade that converges to MAP kinase activation in the subcellular compartment. Different signaling pathways, such as AC/cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt pathways, interact with MAP kinase to regulate key physiological functions, such as hormonal secretion and cell proliferation. Abnormalities affecting these signaling pathways have been identified as preponderant factors of pituitary tumorigenesis. In addition to trans-sphenoidal surgery, somatostatin analogs are used to control hormonal hypersecretion in GH-secreting adenomas. However, a subset of these tumors remains uncontrolled with these treatFments, calling for new therapeutic approaches. In these cases, novel multivalent somatostatin analogs or new somatostatin-dopamine chimeric molecules could be of interest. Another attractive therapeutic approach may be to use one or several inhibitors acting downstream in the signaling pathway, such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. Cotargeting therapy and gene therapy are promising tools for these problematic pituitary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cuny
- Research Center of Neurobiology and Neurophysiology of Marseille, CRN2M, UMR 6231 CNRS, University of Mediterranée, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balentine CJ, Berger DH, Liu SH, Chen C, Nemunaitis J, Brunicardi FC. Defining the cancer master switch. World J Surg 2011; 35:1738-45. [PMID: 21286716 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has focused on signaling cascades and their interactions yielding considerable insight into which genetic pathways are targeted and how they tend to be altered in tumors. Therapeutic interventions now can be designed based on the knowledge of pathways vital to tumor growth and survival. These critical targets for intervention, master switches for cancer, are termed so because the tumor attempts to "flip the switch" in a way that promotes its survival, whereas molecular therapy aims to "switch off" signals important for tumor-related processes. METHODS Literature review. CONCLUSIONS Defining useful targets for therapy depends on identifying pathways that are crucial for tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. Because not all signaling cascades are created equal, selecting master switches or targets for intervention needs to be done in a systematic fashion. This discussion proposes a set of criteria to define what it means to be a cancer master switch and provides examples to illustrate their application.
Collapse
|
13
|
Appetecchia M, Baldelli R. Somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, current aspects and new perspectives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:19. [PMID: 20196864 PMCID: PMC2845555 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs) are rare tumours that present many clinical features.They secrete peptides and neuroamines that cause distinct clinical syndromes, including carcinoid syndrome. However, many are clinically silent until late presentation with mass effects.In 2000 the WHO developed a new classification which gives a better description of the characteristics and biological behaviour of the tumour.Surgical resection is the treatment of first choice for a patient with a GEP NET. In metastatic disease multiple therapeutic approaches are possible. In these cases the goal is to improve quality of life and to extent survival.GEP NETs express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which are bound by somatostatin (SST) or its synthetic analogues, although the subtypes and number of SSTRs expressed is very variable.Somatostatin analogues are used frequently to control hormone-related symptoms while their anti-neoplastic activity, even if it has not been widely studied and the regarding data are discordant, seems to result prevalently in tumour stabilisation.A few patients who fail to respond or cease to respond to standard SST analogues treatment seem to have a response to higher doses of these drugs.The use of higher doses of somatostatin analogues or the development of new subtype selective agonists and chimaeric somatostatin analogues, or pan-somatostatin will probably improve the clinical management of these patients.This review provides an update on the use of somatostatin analogues in the management of GEP NETs and discusses novel clinical strategies based on SSTR 2 gene transfer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Appetecchia
- Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a life-threatening disease. Efficient therapeutic gene delivery to PC-derived cells continues to present challenges. We used self-inactivated lentiviral vectors to transduce PC-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that lentiviral vectors transduce PC-derived cell lines with high efficiency (>90%), regardless of the differentiation state of the cell. Next, we transferred human interferon beta (hIFN-beta) gene. Expression of hIFN-beta in PC cells using lentiviral vectors resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of cell death by apoptosis. In vivo, lentiviral administration of hIFN-beta prevented PC tumor progression for up to 15 days following gene therapy, and induced tumor regression/stabilization in 50% of the mice treated. Again, hIFN-beta expression resulted in cancer cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. We provide evidence that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-based lentiviral vectors are very efficient for gene transfer in PC-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence, delivery of hIFN-beta stopped PC tumor progression. Thus, our approach could be applied to the 85% of PC patients with a locally advanced disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Thrombospondin-1 is a critical effector of oncosuppressive activity of sst2 somatostatin receptor on pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:17769-74. [PMID: 19805200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908674106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) behaves as a tumor suppressor when expressed and stimulated by its ligand somatostatin in pancreatic cancer. We reveal a mechanism underlying oncosuppressive action of sst2, whereby this inhibitory receptor upregulates the expression of the secreted angioinhibitory factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), as demonstrated in exocrine BxPC-3 and endocrine BON pancreatic cancer cells. The sst2-dependent upregulation of TSP-1 occurs through the inhibition of the PI3K pathway. It depends on transcriptional and translational events, involving a previously undescribed IRES in the 5'-UTR of TSP-1 mRNA. Chick chorioallantoic membrane was used as an in vivo model to demonstrate that TSP-1 is a critical effector of the inhibitory role of sst2 on the neoangiogenesis and oncogenesis induced by pancreatic cancer cells. TSP-1 reduced in vitro tubulogenesis of endothelial cells when grown in conditioned medium from pancreatic cancer cells expressing sst2, as compared to those expressing the control vector. TSP-1 inhibited tumor cell-induced neoangiogenesis by directly sequestering the proangiogenic factor VEGF, and inactivating the angiogenesis initiated by VEGFR2 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. Using human pancreatic tissue-microarrays, the expression of both sst2 and TSP-1 was shown to be correlated during the pancreatic neoplastic program. Both proteins are nearly undetectable in normal exocrine pancreas and in most invasive cancer lesions, but their expression is strikingly upregulated in most preinvasive cancer-adjacent lesions. The upregulation of both sst2 and TSP-1 tumor suppressors may function as an early negative feedback to restrain pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Torrisani J, Bournet B, du Rieu MC, Bouisson M, Souque A, Escourrou J, Buscail L, Cordelier P. let-7 MicroRNA Transfer in Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Cells Inhibits In Vitro Cell Proliferation but Fails to Alter Tumor Progression. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:831-44. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Torrisani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Service de Gastro-Entérologie et de Nutrition Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangeuil, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Maël Chalret du Rieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Michèle Bouisson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Anny Souque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean Escourrou
- Service de Gastro-Entérologie et de Nutrition Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangeuil, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Service de Gastro-Entérologie et de Nutrition Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangeuil, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 858-12MR, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Département Cancers Epithéliaux, Angiogénèse et Signalisation, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cousin B, Ravet E, Poglio S, De Toni F, Bertuzzi M, Lulka H, Touil I, André M, Grolleau JL, Péron JM, Chavoin JP, Bourin P, Pénicaud L, Casteilla L, Buscail L, Cordelier P. Adult stromal cells derived from human adipose tissue provoke pancreatic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6278. [PMID: 19609435 PMCID: PMC2707007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal tissue homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions between epithelial cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this homeostasis can induce aberrant cell proliferation, adhesion, function and migration that might promote malignant behavior. Indeed, aberrant stromal-epithelial interactions contribute to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread and metastasis, and this raises the possibility that novel stroma-targeted therapies represent additional approaches for combating this malignant disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of human stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) on pancreatic tumor cell proliferation. Principal Findings Co-culturing pancreatic tumor cells with ADSC and ADSC-conditioned medium sampled from different donors inhibited cancer cell viability and proliferation. ADSC-mediated inhibitory effect was further extended to other epithelial cancer-derived cell lines (liver, colon, prostate). ADSC conditioned medium induced cancer cell necrosis following G1-phase arrest, without evidence of apoptosis. In vivo, a single intra-tumoral injection of ADSC in a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced a strong and long-lasting inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusion These data indicate that ADSC strongly inhibit PDAC proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo and induce tumor cell death by altering cell cycle progression. Therefore, ADSC may constitute a potential cell-based therapeutic alternative for the treatment of PDAC for which no effective cure is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cousin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5241 Métabolisme, Plasticité et Mitochondrie, BP 84225, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gondi CS, Rao JS. Concepts in in vivo siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:285-91. [PMID: 19391103 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vivo gene silencing using RNAi plays an important role in target validation and is advancing towards the development of RNAi-based therapeutics. RNAs were thought to have just two broad functions in cells as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs, but recently the relevance of microRNAs is becoming more clearly understood. mRNA molecules transmit information between DNA and protein and, as such, are vital intermediaries for gene expression. Ribosomal and transfer RNAs have structural, catalytic, and information-decoding roles in the process of protein synthesis, whereas microRNAs are regulators of gene expression. This review presents the early and intriguing successes of using siRNAs for in vivo gene silencing and its use as a possible cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Gondi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Acunzo J, Thirion S, Roche C, Saveanu A, Gunz G, Germanetti AL, Couderc B, Cohen R, Figarella-Branger D, Dufour H, Brue T, Enjalbert A, Barlier A. Somatostatin receptor sst2 decreases cell viability and hormonal hypersecretion and reverses octreotide resistance of human pituitary adenomas. Cancer Res 2009; 68:10163-70. [PMID: 19074883 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In human somatotroph adenomas, growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion can be inhibited by somatostatin analogues such as octreotide. Unfortunately, serum GH levels reach normal values in only 60% of treated patients. The decreased sensitivity to octreotide is strongly related to a lower expression of somatostatin receptor sst2. In this present study, the sst2 gene was transferred by an adenoviral vector (Ad-sst2) in human somatotroph (n = 7) and lactotroph (n = 2) adenomas in vitro. Sst2 mRNA levels and sst2 immunostaining dramatically increased after infection. Ten days after infection at 20 multiplicity of infection (MOI), sst2 gene transfer decreased cell viability from 19% to 90% by caspase-dependent apoptosis. At low viral doses (5 MOI), Ad-sst2 decreased GH or prolactin (PRL) basal secretion and mRNA expression. Somatotroph tumors were classified in three groups according to their octreotide sensitivity. Four days after infection by 5 MOI Ad-sst2, the maximal GH suppression by octreotide increased from 31% to 57% in the octreotide partially resistant group and from 0% to 27% in the resistant ones. In the octreotide-sensitive group, EC(50) values significantly decreased from 1.3 x 10(-11) to 6.6 x 10(-13) mol/L without improving maximal GH suppression. Finally, lactotroph tumors, nonresponding to octreotide in basal conditions, became octreotide sensitive with a maximal PRL suppression of 43% at 10(-8) mol/L. Therefore, sst2 reexpression is able to improve octreotide sensitivity. Sst2 gene transfer may open new therapeutic strategies in treatment combined with somatostatin analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Acunzo
- Center of Research in Neurobiology-Neurophysiology of Marseille, UMR 6231 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Fédératif Jean-Roche, University of Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pyronnet S, Bousquet C, Najib S, Azar R, Laklai H, Susini C. Antitumor effects of somatostatin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 286:230-7. [PMID: 18359151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery three decades ago as an inhibitor of GH release from the pituitary gland, somatostatin has attracted much attention because of its functional role in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological functions in the brain, pituitary, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, adrenals, thyroid, kidney and immune system. In addition to its negative role in the control of endocrine and exocrine secretions, somatostatin and analogs also exert inhibitory effects on the proliferation and survival of normal and tumor cells. Over the past 15 years, studies have begun to reveal some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of somatostatin. This review covers the present knowledge in the antitumor effect of somatostatin and analogs and discusses the perspectives of novel clinical strategies based on somatostatin receptor sst2 gene transfer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pyronnet
- INSERM U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Dpt Cancer/E16, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asnacios A, Courbon F, Rochaix P, Bauvin E, Cances-Lauwers V, Susini C, Schulz S, Boneu A, Guimbaud R, Buscail L. Indium-111–Pentetreotide Scintigraphy and Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Expression: New Prognostic Factors for Malignant Well-Differentiated Endocrine Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:963-70. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.12.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Well-differentiated metastatic endocrine carcinomas are difficult to manage because of variable disease outcome. New prognostic factors are required. These tumors overexpress somatostatin receptors (sst), implying the use of somatostatin analogs for tumor localization by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using indium-111–pentetreotide (111In-pentetreotide) and for medical treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy, sst receptor expression, and prognosis. Patients and Methods Between 1994 and 2002, 48 consecutive patients with well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas and a negative 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy were retrospectively paired according to sex, age, and tumor localization with 50 patients with well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas and a positive tracer uptake at 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy. Overall survival and expression of sst1 to sst5 receptors by immunohistochemistry were assessed. Results The lack of tracer uptake at the 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy seemed to be a poor prognostic factor (P = .007) for overall survival by Kaplan-Meier test and in multivariate analysis; age and absence of clinical secretory syndrome also seemed to be poor prognostic factors. The tracer uptake (positive 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy) correlated with the tumor expression of somatostatin receptor sst2 (P < .001) but not with that of sst1, sst3, sst4, or sst5. In a bivariate analysis, lack of sst2 expression also significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Conclusion We demonstrate the prognostic value of 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy in well-differentiated malignant endocrine tumors. In these tumors, sst2 somatostatin receptor expression correlates with both tracer uptake and a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Asnacios
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Frédéric Courbon
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Rochaix
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Eric Bauvin
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Valérie Cances-Lauwers
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Susini
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Andrée Boneu
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Louis Buscail
- From the Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Toulouse-Purpan; Department of Gastroenterology and School of Medicine, Toulouse-Rangueil; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vernejoul F, Ghénassia L, Souque A, Lulka H, Drocourt D, Cordelier P, Pradayrol L, Pyronnet S, Buscail L, Tiraby G. Gene therapy based on gemcitabine chemosensitization suppresses pancreatic tumor growth. Mol Ther 2006; 14:758-67. [PMID: 17000136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excepting surgical resection, there is no efficient treatment against pancreatic cancer. The chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine improves the patient's clinical status but survival is not prolonged. The aim of this study was to design a new strategy to render gemcitabine more efficient in the treatment of pancreatic cancer using gene therapy. We have generated a fusion gene (DCK::UMK) combining deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and uridine monophosphate kinase (UMK), which converts gemcitabine into its toxic phosphorylated metabolite. Antitumor effects of DCK::UMK gene expression were tested in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic transplantable model of pancreatic cancer established in hamsters. DCK::UMK sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by reducing dramatically both in vitro cell viability and in vivo tumor volume. We found that in vivo expression of DCK::UMK resulted in an antitumor bystander effect due to apoptosis of untransduced cells. In vivo intratumoral gene transfer of DCK::UMK using the synthetic carrier PEI induced a potent tumor regression. Taken together, the results show that the fusion gene DCK::UMK sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment to induce cell death by apoptosis and tumor regression. Intratumoral delivery of the DCK::UMK gene in combination with gemcitabine might be of high interest for pancreatic cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Vernejoul
- INSERM U531, Institut Louis Bugnard IFR31, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cordelier P, Bienvenu C, Lulka H, Marrache F, Bouisson M, Openheim A, Strayer DS, Vaysse N, Pradayrol L, Buscail L. Replication-deficient rSV40 mediate pancreatic gene transfer and long-term inhibition of tumor growth. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 14:19-29. [PMID: 16990845 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and devastating human malignancies. There is an urgent need for more effective therapy for patients with advanced disease. In this context, genetic therapy potentially represents a rational new approach to treating pancreatic cancer, which could provide an adjunct to conventional options. Because of the promise of recombinant SV40 vectors, we tested their ability to deliver a transgene, and to target a transcript, so as to inhibit pancreatic tumors growth in vivo. BxPC3 and Capan-1 cells were efficiently transduced using SV40 vectors without selection, as compared to synthetic vectors PEI. SV40 vectors were as efficient as adenoviral vectors, and provided long-term transgene expression. Next, we devised a SV40-derived, targeted gene therapy approach of pancreatic cancer, by combining hTR tumor-specific promoter with sst2 somatostatin receptor tumor-suppressor gene. In vitro cell proliferation was strongly impaired following administration of SV(hTR-sst2). SV40-derived sst2-mediated antiproliferative effect was dependent on the local production of somatostatin. In vivo, intratumoral gene transfer of sst2 using rSV40 vectors resulted in a marked inhibition of Capan-1 tumor progression, and proliferation. These results represent the initial steps toward a novel approach to the gene therapy of pancreatic cancer using SV40 as a vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cordelier
- INSERM U531, Institut Louis Bugnard, IFR31, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
One of the most dramatic events of the past 5 years in the field of molecular biology has been the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon for sequence-specific gene silencing in mammalian cells, exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) and vector-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can also invoke RNAi responses. Both are now not only experimental tools for analyzing gene function but are expected to be excellent avenues for drug target discovery and the emerging class of gene medicine for targeting incurable diseases such as cancer. The success of cancer therapeutic use of RNAi relies on the development of safe and efficacious delivery systems that introduce siRNA and shRNA expression vectors into target tumor cells. For their delivery, a variety of strategies have been used, most of them based on traditional gene therapy delivery systems. In this review, we present siRNA delivery method strategies and discuss the potential of RNAi-based gene therapy in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Takeshita
- Section for Studies on Metastasis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Behlke MA. Progress towards in vivo use of siRNAs. Mol Ther 2006; 13:644-70. [PMID: 16481219 PMCID: PMC7106286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become the method of choice to suppress gene expression in vitro. It is also emerging as a powerful tool for in vivo research with over 90 studies published using synthetic small interfering RNAs in mammals. These reports demonstrate the potential for use of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as therapeutic agents, especially in the areas of cancer and viral infection. The number of reports using siRNAs for functional genomics applications, for validation of targets for small-molecule drug development programs, and to address questions of basic biology will rapidly grow as methods and protocols for use in animals become more established. This review will first discuss aspects of RNAi biochemistry and biology that impact in vivo use, especially as relates to experimental design, and will then provide an overview of published work with a focus on methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
| |
Collapse
|