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Kim YA, Choi Y, Kim TG, Jeong J, Yu S, Kim T, Sheen K, Lee Y, Choi T, Park YH, Kang MS, Kim MS. Multi-System-Level Analysis with RNA-Seq on Pterygium Inflammation Discovers Association between Inflammatory Responses, Oxidative Stress, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4789. [PMID: 38732006 PMCID: PMC11083828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A pterygium is a common conjunctival degeneration and inflammatory condition. It grows onto the corneal surface or limbus, causing blurred vision and cosmetic issues. Ultraviolet is a well-known risk factor for the development of a pterygium, although its pathogenesis remains unclear, with only limited understanding of its hereditary basis. In this study, we collected RNA-seq from both pterygial tissues and conjunctival tissues (as controls) from six patients (a total of twelve biological samples) and retrieved publicly available data, including eight pterygium samples and eight controls. We investigated the intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms closely linked to the inflammatory reactions of pterygiums and compared Asian (Korea) and the European (Germany) pterygiums using multiple analysis approaches from different perspectives. The increased expression of antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress and DNA damage implies an association between these factors and pterygium development. Also, our comparative analysis revealed both similarities and differences between Asian and European pterygiums. The decrease in gene expressions involved in the three primary inflammatory signaling pathways-JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-kappa B signaling-suggests a connection between pathway dysfunction and pterygium development. We also observed relatively higher activity of autophagy and antioxidants in the Asian group, while the European group exhibited more pronounced stress responses against oxidative stress. These differences could potentially be necessitated by energy-associated pathways, specifically oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ah Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yueun Choi
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jisu Jeong
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Yu
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Sheen
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Taesoo Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Seok Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Man S. Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.K.); (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (K.S.); (Y.L.)
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Mertowska P, Smolak K, Mertowski S, Grywalska E. Immunomodulatory Role of Interferons in Viral and Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10115. [PMID: 37373262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons are a group of immunomodulatory substances produced by the human immune system in response to the presence of pathogens, especially during viral and bacterial infections. Their remarkably diverse mechanisms of action help the immune system fight infections by activating hundreds of genes involved in signal transduction pathways. In this review, we focus on discussing the interplay between the IFN system and seven medically important and challenging viruses (herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza, hepatitis C virus (HCV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV coronavirus) to highlight the diversity of viral strategies. In addition, the available data also suggest that IFNs play an important role in the course of bacterial infections. Research is currently underway to identify and elucidate the exact role of specific genes and effector pathways in generating the antimicrobial response mediated by IFNs. Despite the numerous studies on the role of interferons in antimicrobial responses, many interdisciplinary studies are still needed to understand and optimize their use in personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Smolak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Liu X, Lin L, Lu L, Li X, Han Y, Qiu Z, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. Comparative Transcriptional Analysis Identified Characteristic Genes and Patterns in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807890. [PMID: 35154126 PMCID: PMC8832504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incomplete immune reconstitution is a complex phenomenon among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients despite the fact that they have achieved persistent viral suppression under the combined antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to screen and verify the immunological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of immunological non-responders (INRs). Methods The RNA-seq and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were used to explore potential characteristics among INRs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to explore the potential mechanism. The transcriptional meta-analysis was used to analyze the external efficiency. Results The RNA-seq identified 316 DEGs among INRs. The interferon signaling pathway was enriched via GO and IPA analysis among DEGs. The combined GSEA and WGCNA analysis confirmed that the IFN response was more correlated with INR. Furthermore, IFI27 (IFN-α Inducible Protein 27, also known as ISG12) was chosen based on combined DEG analysis, WGCNA analysis, and the transcriptional meta-analysis conducted on other published datasets about INRs. The expression of IFI27 was significantly negatively correlated with the CD4+ T-cell counts of PLWH, and the predictive efficiency of IFI27 level in distinguishing PLWH with poor immune recovery was also with significant power (AUC = 0.848). Conclusion The enhanced expression of IFI27 and the IFN response pathway are among the important immunological characteristics of INRs and exhibited promising efficiency as biomarkers for CD4+ T-cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Tomer S, Mu W, Suryawanshi G, Ng H, Wang L, Wennerberg W, Rezek V, Martin H, Chen I, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Cannabidiol modulates expression of type I IFN response genes and HIV infection in macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926696. [PMID: 36248834 PMCID: PMC9560767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is a widely used drug in the United States and the frequency of cannabis use is particularly high among people living with HIV (PLWH). One key component of cannabis, the non-psychotropic (-)-cannabidiol (CBD) exerts a wide variety of biological actions, including anticonvulsive, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact mechanism of action through which CBD affects the immune cell signaling remains poorly understood. Here we report that CBD modulates type I interferon responses in human macrophages. Transcriptomics analysis shows that CBD treatment significantly attenuates cGAS-STING-mediated activation of type I Interferon response genes (ISGs) in monocytic THP-1 cells. We further showed that CBD treatment effectively attenuates 2'3-cGAMP stimulation of ISGs in both THP-1 cells and primary human macrophages. Interestingly, CBD significantly upregulates expression of autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1. p62 is critical for autophagy-mediated degradation of stimulated STING. We observed that CBD treated THP-1 cells have elevated autophagy activity. Upon 2'3'-cGAMP stimulation, CBD treated cells have rapid downregulation of phosphorylated-STING, leading to attenuated expression of ISGs. The CBD attenuation of ISGs is reduced in autophagy deficient THP-1 cells, suggesting that the effects of CBD on ISGs is partially mediated by autophagy induction. Lastly, CBD decreases ISGs expression upon HIV infection in THP-1 cells and human primary macrophages, leading to increased HIV RNA expression 24 hours after infection. However, long term culture with CBD in infected primary macrophages reduced HIV viral spread, suggesting potential dichotomous roles of CBD in HIV replication. Our study highlights the immune modulatory effects of CBD and the needs for additional studies on its effect on viral infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Tomer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gajendra Suryawanshi
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hwee Ng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wally Wennerberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heather Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Irvin Chen
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anjie Zhen,
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5
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Yu S, Di C, Chen S, Guo M, Yan J, Zhu Z, Liu L, Feng R, Xie Y, Zhang R, Chen J, Wang M, Wei D, Fang H, Yin T, Huang J, Chen S, Lu H, Zhu J, Qu J. Distinct immune signatures discriminate between asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 pos subjects. Cell Res 2021; 31:1148-1162. [PMID: 34561618 PMCID: PMC8461439 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of SARS-CoV-2-positive (SARS-CoV-2pos) subjects are detected at silent SARS-CoV-2 infection stage (SSIS). Yet, SSIS represents a poorly examined time-window wherein unknown immunity patterns may contribute to the fate determination towards persistently asymptomatic or overt disease. Here, we retrieved blood samples from 19 asymptomatic and 12 presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2pos subjects, 47 age/gender-matched patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 and 27 normal subjects, and interrogated them with combined assays of 44-plex CyTOF, RNA-seq and Olink. Notably, both asymptomatic and presymptomatic subjects exhibited numerous readily detectable immunological alterations, while certain parameters including more severely decreased frequencies of CD107alow classical monocytes, intermediate monocytes, non-classical monocytes and CD62Lhi CD8+ Tnaïve cells, reduced plasma STC1 level but an increased frequency of CD4+ NKT cells combined to distinguish the latter. Intercorrelation analyses revealed a particular presymptomatic immunotype mainly manifesting as monocytic overactivation and differentiation blockage, a likely lymphocyte exhaustion and immunosuppression, yielding mechanistic insights into SSIS fate determination, which could potentially improve SARS-CoV-2 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhe Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayang Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Corley MJ, Sacdalan C, Pang APS, Chomchey N, Ratnaratorn N, Valcour V, Kroon E, Cho KS, Belden AC, Colby D, Robb M, Hsu D, Spudich S, Paul R, Vasan S, Ndhlovu LC. Abrupt and altered cell-type specific DNA methylation profiles in blood during acute HIV infection persists despite prompt initiation of ART. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009785. [PMID: 34388205 PMCID: PMC8386872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 disrupts the host epigenetic landscape with consequences for disease pathogenesis, viral persistence, and HIV-associated comorbidities. Here, we examined how soon after infection HIV-associated epigenetic changes may occur in blood and whether early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) impacts epigenetic modifications. We profiled longitudinal genome-wide DNA methylation in monocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes from 22 participants in the RV254/SEARCH010 acute HIV infection (AHI) cohort that diagnoses infection within weeks after estimated exposure and immediately initiates ART. We identified monocytes harbored 22,697 differentially methylated CpGs associated with AHI compared to 294 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. ART minimally restored less than 1% of these changes in monocytes and had no effect upon T cells. Monocyte DNA methylation patterns associated with viral load, CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and longitudinal clinical phenotypes. Our findings suggest HIV-1 rapidly embeds an epigenetic memory not mitigated by ART and support determining epigenetic signatures in precision HIV medicine. Trial Registration:NCT00782808 and NCT00796146. The epigenetic marker, DNA methylation, plays a key role regulating the immune system during host-pathogen interactions. Using cell-type specific DNA methylation profiling, we explored whether epigenetic changes occurred soon after HIV infection and following early treatment with anti-HIV drugs. Acute infection was associated with early DNA methylation changes in purified monocytes and CD4+ T cells isolated from blood. In monocytes, rapid anti-HIV treatment minimally restored DNA methylation changes associated with infection and unexpectedly had no impact in CD4+ T cells. DNA methylation patterns before treatment informed long term clinical outcomes including CD4+ T cell counts and favorable clinical phenotypes. These findings identify candidates for consideration in epigenome editing approaches in HIV prevention, treatment, and cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation; Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH, South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV; Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alina P. S. Pang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nitiya Chomchey
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation; Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH, South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV; Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eugene Kroon
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation; Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH, South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV; Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kyu S. Cho
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health University of Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Belden
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health University of Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Donn Colby
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation; Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH, South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV; Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Merlin Robb
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Bangkok, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Denise Hsu
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Bangkok, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University; New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health University of Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- US Military HIV Research Program; Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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IKKε isoform switching governs the immune response against EV71 infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:663. [PMID: 34079066 PMCID: PMC8172566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal interactions between pathogens and hosts are complicated and profound. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential for developing effective therapies against infectious diseases. Interferon responses induced upon virus infection are critical for establishing host antiviral innate immunity. Here, we provide a molecular mechanism wherein isoform switching of the host IKKε gene, an interferon-associated molecule, leads to alterations in IFN production during EV71 infection. We found that IKKε isoform 2 (IKKε v2) is upregulated while IKKε v1 is downregulated in EV71 infection. IKKε v2 interacts with IRF7 and promotes IRF7 activation through phosphorylation and translocation of IRF7 in the presence of ubiquitin, by which the expression of IFNβ and ISGs is elicited and virus propagation is attenuated. We also identified that IKKε v2 is activated via K63-linked ubiquitination. Our results suggest that host cells induce IKKε isoform switching and result in IFN production against EV71 infection. This finding highlights a gene regulatory mechanism in pathogen-host interactions and provides a potential strategy for establishing host first-line defense against pathogens.
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HIV-Infected Macrophages Are Infected and Killed by the Interferon-Sensitive Rhabdovirus MG1. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01953-20. [PMID: 33568507 PMCID: PMC8104113 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01953-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a treatable, but incurable, viral infection. The establishment of viral reservoirs containing latently infected cells remains the main obstacle in the search for a cure. The use of unique cell surface markers to target and eradicate HIV-infected cells has been a longstanding objective of HIV-1 cure research. This approach, however, overlooks the possibility that intracellular changes present within HIV-infected cells may serve as valuable therapeutic targets. For example, the identification of dysregulated antiviral signaling in cancer has led to the characterization of oncolytic viruses capable of preferentially killing cancer cells. Since impairment of cellular antiviral machinery has been proposed as a mechanism by which HIV-1 evades immune clearance, we hypothesized that HIV-infected macrophages (an important viral reservoir in vivo) would be preferentially killed by the interferon-sensitive oncolytic Maraba virus MG1. We first showed that HIV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were more susceptible to MG1 infection and killing than HIV-uninfected cells. As MG1 is highly sensitive to type I interferons (IFN-I), we then investigated whether we could identify IFN-I signaling differences between HIV-infected and uninfected MDM and found evidence of impaired IFN-α responsiveness within HIV-infected cells. Finally, to assess whether MG1 could target a relevant, primary cell reservoir of HIV-1, we investigated its effects in alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from effectively treated individuals living with HIV-1. As observed with in vitro-infected MDM, we found that HIV-infected AM were preferentially eliminated by MG1. In summary, the oncolytic rhabdovirus MG1 appears to preferentially target and kill HIV-infected cells via impairment of antiviral signaling pathways and may therefore provide a novel approach to an HIV-1 cure. IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a treatable, but incurable, viral infection. The establishment of viral reservoirs containing latently infected cells remains the main obstacle in the search for a cure. Cure research has also focused on only one cellular target of HIV-1 (the CD4+ T cell) while largely overlooking others (such as macrophages) that contribute to HIV-1 persistence. In this study, we address these challenges by describing a potential strategy for the eradication of HIV-infected macrophages. Specifically, we show that an engineered rhabdovirus—initially developed as a cancer therapy—is capable of preferential infection and killing of HIV-infected macrophages, possibly via the same altered antiviral signaling seen in cancer cells. As this rhabdovirus is currently being explored in phase I/II clinical trials, there is potential for this approach to be readily adapted for use within the HIV-1 cure field.
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9
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Yang B, Li X, Fu Y, Guo E, Ye Y, Li F, Liu S, Xiao R, Liu C, Lu F, Huang J, Qin T, Han L, Peng G, Mills GB, Sun C, Chen G. MEK Inhibition Remodels the Immune Landscape of Mutant KRAS Tumors to Overcome Resistance to PARP and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2714-2729. [PMID: 33589518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutant KRAS tumors are associated with poor outcomes, at least in part, due to decreased therapeutic sensitivity. Here, we show that KRAS mutations are associated with resistance to monotherapy and combination therapy with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and immune checkpoint blockade with anti-PD-L1 antibodies. In mutant KRAS tumors, inhibition of KRAS signaling with MEK inhibitors (MEKi) triggered and amplified PARPi-induced DNA damage, cytosolic double-stranded DNA accumulation, STING pathway activation, and CD8+ T-cell recruitment. Moreover, MEKi decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, in part, by inhibiting IL6 and GMCSF production. Importantly, addition of MEKi to PARPi and anti-PD-L1 resulted in marked tumor inhibition in immunocompetent mutant KRAS tumor models. This study provides the underlying mechanistic data to support evaluation of PARPi, MEKi, and anti-PD-L1 combination in clinical trials of mutant KRAS tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides key insights into the potential for using MEKi combined with PARPi and anti-PD-L1 for the treatment of all mutant KRAS tumors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/10/2714/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Fuxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Funian Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Peng
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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10
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Li Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Qiao W, Li Y, Tan J. IFI44L expression is regulated by IRF-1 and HIV-1. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:105-113. [PMID: 33159419 PMCID: PMC7780093 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)‐inducible 44 like (IFI44L) is an IFN‐stimulated gene (ISG), which is located on the same chromosome as the known antiviral ISG IFI44. Expression of IFI44L is induced by IFN and HIV‐1 infection. However, the mechanism by which IFN‐I induces IFI44L production has not yet been determined. In this study, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of IFI44L via cloning of the IFI44L promoter. We found that IFI44L has two IFN‐stimulated response elements (ISRE), which are necessary for the basal level of IFI44L transcription. IFN‐I and IFN‐II can activate the IFI44L promoter through one of the two ISREs. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 can activate transcription of IFI44L by binding to one of the ISREs. Additionally, co‐transfection of the IFI44L promoter with an HIV‐1 infectious clone or HIV‐1 infection activated IFI44L promoter transcription, but did not upregulate IFI44L expression via ISREs. These findings will help to understand the interaction between IFI44L and HIV‐1, and aid in elucidation of the role of IFI44L in the antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Covino DA, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Lu J, Chiantore MV, Fiorucci G, Vescio MF, Catapano L, Purificato C, Galluzzo CM, Amici R, Andreotti M, Gauzzi MC, Pellegrini M, Fantuzzi L. Transcriptome Profiling of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Upon CCL2 Neutralization Reveals an Association Between Activation of Innate Immune Pathways and Restriction of HIV-1 Gene Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2129. [PMID: 33072075 PMCID: PMC7531389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key targets of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and main producers of the proinflammatory chemokine CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), whose expression is induced by HIV-1 both in vitro and in vivo. We previously found that CCL2 neutralization in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) strongly inhibited HIV-1 replication affecting post-entry steps of the viral life cycle. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to deeply characterize the cellular factors and pathways modulated by CCL2 blocking in MDMs and involved in HIV-1 replication restriction. We report that exposure to CCL2 neutralizing antibody profoundly affected the MDM transcriptome. Functional annotation clustering of up-regulated genes identified two clusters enriched for antiviral defense and immune response pathways, comprising several interferon-stimulated, and restriction factor coding genes. Transcripts in the clusters were enriched for RELA and NFKB1 targets, suggesting the activation of the canonical nuclear factor κB pathway as part of a regulatory network involving miR-155 up-regulation. Furthermore, while HIV-1 infection caused small changes to the MDM transcriptome, with no evidence of host defense gene expression and type I interferon signature, CCL2 blocking enabled the activation of a strong host innate response in infected macrophage cultures, and potently inhibited viral genes expression. Notably, an inverse correlation was found between levels of viral transcripts and of the restriction factors APOBEC3A (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 A), ISG15, and MX1. These findings highlight an association between activation of innate immune pathways and HIV-1 restriction upon CCL2 blocking and identify this chemokine as an endogenous factor contributing to the defective macrophage response to HIV-1. Therapeutic targeting of CCL2 may thus strengthen host innate immunity and restrict HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- UCLA Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, Center for the Health Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Gianna Fiorucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Catapano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Purificato
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Amici
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pellegrini
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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12
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Lawson KS, Prasad A, Groopman JE. Methamphetamine Enhances HIV-1 Replication in CD4 + T-Cells via a Novel IL-1β Auto-Regulatory Loop. Front Immunol 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 32117283 PMCID: PMC7025468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse is a worldwide public health problem and contributes to HIV-1 pathobiology and poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapies. Specifically, Meth is posited to alter molecular mechanisms to provide a more conducive environment for HIV-1 replication and spread. Enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), has been shown to be important for HIV-1 pathobiology. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) play integral roles in fine-tuning the innate immune response. Notably, the effects of Meth abuse on miRNA expression are largely unknown. We studied the effects of Meth on IL-1β and miR-146a, a well-characterized member of the innate immune signaling network. We found that Meth induces miR-146a and triggers an IL-1β auto-regulatory loop to modulate innate immune signaling in CD4+ T-cells. We also found that Meth enhances HIV-1 replication via IL-1 signaling. Our results indicate that Meth activates an IL-1β feedback loop to alter innate immune pathways and favor HIV-1 replication. These observations offer a framework for designing targeted therapies in HIV-infected, Meth using hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaycie S Lawson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jerome E Groopman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Kinetics of Early Innate Immune Activation during HIV-1 Infection of Humanized Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02123-18. [PMID: 30867315 PMCID: PMC6532090 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02123-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with aberrant immune activation; however, most model systems for HIV-1 have been used during established infection. Here, we utilize ultrasensitive HIV-1 quantification to delineate early events during the eclipse, burst, and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. We show that very early in infection, HIV-1 suppresses peripheral type I interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) responses, including the HIV-1 restriction factor IFI44. At the peak of innate immune activation, prior to CD4 T cell loss, HIV-1 infection differentially affects peripheral and lymphoid Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression profiles in T cells and macrophages. This results in a trend toward an altered activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The subsequent type I and III IFN responses result in preferential induction of peripheral ISG responses. Following this initial innate immune activation, peripheral expression of the HIV-1 restriction factor SAM domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) returns to levels below those observed in uninfected mice, suggesting that HIV-1 interferes with their basal expression. However, peripheral cells still retain their responsiveness to exogenous type I IFN, whereas splenic cells show a reduction in select ISGs in response to IFN. This demonstrates the highly dynamic nature of very early HIV-1 infection and suggests that blocks to the induction of HIV-1 restriction factors contribute to the establishment of viral persistence.IMPORTANCE Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is restricted to humans and some nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzee and gorilla). Alternative model systems based on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques are available but do not recapitulate all aspects of HIV-1 infection and disease. Humanized mice, which contain a human immune system, can be used to study HIV-1, but only limited information on early events and immune responses is available to date. Here, we describe very early immune responses to HIV-1 and demonstrate a suppression of cell-intrinsic innate immunity. Furthermore, we show that HIV-1 infection interacts differently with innate immune responses in blood and lymphoid organs.
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14
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He B, Tran JT, Sanchez DJ. Manipulation of Type I Interferon Signaling by HIV and AIDS-Associated Viruses. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8685312. [PMID: 31089479 PMCID: PMC6476103 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8685312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons were first described for their profound antiviral abilities in cell culture and animal models, and later, they were translated into potent antiviral therapeutics. However, as additional studies into the function of Type I Interferons progressed, it was also seen that pathogenic viruses have coevolved to encode potent mechanisms allowing them to evade or suppress the impact of Type I Interferons on their replication. For chronic viral infections, such as HIV and many of the AIDS-associated viruses, including HTLV, HCV, KSHV, and EBV, the clinical efficacy of Type I Interferons is limited by these mechanisms. Here, we review some of the ways that HIV and AIDS-associated viruses thrive in Type I Interferon-rich environments via mechanisms that block the function of this important antiviral cytokine. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms creates avenues to better understand the innate immune response to these viruses as well as plan the development of antivirals that would allow the natural antiviral effect of Type I Interferons to manifest during these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyuan He
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona 91766, California, USA
| | - James T. Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona 91766, California, USA
| | - David Jesse Sanchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona 91766, California, USA
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15
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Park MS, Kim JI, Lee I, Park S, Bae JY, Park MS. Towards the Application of Human Defensins as Antivirals. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:242-254. [PMID: 29310427 PMCID: PMC5933891 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immunity of hosts. Humans constitutively and/or inducibly express α- and β-defensins, which are known for their antiviral and antibacterial activities. This review describes the application of human defensins. We discuss the extant experimental results, limited though they are, to consider the potential applicability of human defensins as antiviral agents. Given their antiviral effects, we propose that basic research be conducted on human defensins that focuses on RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and dengue virus (DENV), which are considered serious human pathogens but have posed huge challenges for vaccine development for different reasons. Concerning the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of defensins, we then discuss the applicability of human defensins as antivirals that has been demonstrated in reports using animal models. Finally, we discuss the potential adjuvant-like activity of human defensins and propose an exploration of the ‘defensin vaccine’ concept to prime the body with a controlled supply of human defensins. In sum, we suggest a conceptual framework to achieve the practical application of human defensins to combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Radetskyy R, Daher A, Gatignol A. ADAR1 and PKR, interferon stimulated genes with clashing effects on HIV-1 replication. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:48-58. [PMID: 29625900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The induction of hundreds of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) subsequent to virus infection generates an antiviral state that functions to restrict virus growth at multiple steps of their replication cycles. In the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), ISGs also possess antiviral functions, but some ISGs show proapoptotic or proviral activity. One of the most studied ISGs, the RNA activated Protein Kinase (PKR), shuts down the viral protein synthesis upon activation. HIV-1 has evolved to evade its inhibition by PKR through viral and cellular mechanisms. One of the cellular mechanisms is the induction of another ISG, the Adenosine Deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). ADAR1 promotes viral replication by acting as an RNA sensing inhibitor, by editing viral RNA and by inhibiting PKR. This review challenges the orthodox dogma of ISGs as antiviral proteins, by demonstrating that two ISGs have opposing and clashing effects on viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Radetskyy
- Laboratory of Virus-Cell Interactions, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Canada
| | - Aïcha Daher
- Laboratory of Virus-Cell Interactions, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Laboratory of Virus-Cell Interactions, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Canada; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Morphine-potentiated cognitive deficits correlate to suppressed hippocampal iNOS RNA expression and an absent type 1 interferon response in LP-BM5 murine AIDS. J Neuroimmunol 2018. [PMID: 29526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use accelerates neurocognitive impairment in HIV/AIDS patients. We assessed the effect of chronic morphine treatment and LP-BM5/murine AIDS (MAIDS) infection on cognition, cytokine production, and type 1 interferon (IFN) expression in the murine CNS. Morphine treatment decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors (CCL5, iNOS) and reduced cognitive performance in LP-BM5-infected mice, correlating to increased hippocampal viral load and a blunted type 1 IFN response. In the striatum, morphine reduced viral load while increasing IFN-α RNA expression. Our results suggest that differentially regulated type 1 IFN responses may contribute to distinct regional outcomes in the hippocampus and striatum in LP-BM5/MAIDS.
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18
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Guo L, Xu XQ, Zhou L, Zhou RH, Wang X, Li JL, Liu JB, Liu H, Zhang B, Ho WZ. Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Release Antiviral Factors That Inhibit HIV Infection of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515574 PMCID: PMC5825896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rich source of CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a major target site for HIV infection. The interplay between GI-resident macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitutes an important element of GI innate immunity against pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether human IECs have the ability to produce antiviral factors that can inhibit HIV infection of macrophages. We demonstrated that IECs possess functional toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), the activation of which resulted in induction of key interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF7), IFN-β, IFN-λ, and CC chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES), the ligands of HIV entry co-receptor CCR5. In addition, TLR3-activated IECs release exosomes that contained the anti-HIV factors, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG15, ISG56, MxB, OAS-1, GBP5, and Viperin) and HIV restriction miRNAs (miRNA-17, miRNA-20, miRNA-28, miRNA-29 family members, and miRNA-125b). Importantly, treatment of macrophages with supernatant (SN) from the activated IEC cultures inhibited HIV replication. Further studies showed that IEC SN could also induce the expression of antiviral ISGs and cellular HIV restriction factors (Tetherin and APOBEC3G/3F) in HIV-infected macrophages. These findings indicated that IECs might act as an important element in GI innate immunity against HIV infection/replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Qiu Xu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Run-Hong Zhou
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie-Liang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Appelberg KS, Wallet MA, Taylor JP, Cash MN, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM. HIV-1 Infection Primes Macrophages Through STAT Signaling to Promote Enhanced Inflammation and Viral Replication. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:690-702. [PMID: 28142265 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis as targets for viral replication and mediators of chronic inflammation. Similar to IFNγ-priming, HIV-1 primes macrophages, resulting in hyperresponsiveness to subsequent toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation and increased inflammatory cytokine production. However, the specific molecular mechanism of HIV-1 priming and whether cells must be productively infected or if uninfected bystander cells also are primed by HIV-1 remains unclear. To explore these questions, human macrophages were primed by IFNγ or infected with HIV-1 before activation by TLR ligands. Transcriptome profiling by microarray revealed a gene expression profile for IFNγ-primed cells that was further modulated by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HIV-1 infection elicited a gene expression profile that correlated strongly with the profile induced by IFNγ (r = .679, p = .003). Similar to IFNγ, HIV-1 enhanced TLR ligand-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein expression and release. Increased TNF production was limited to productively infected cells. Specific signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 inhibitors suppressed HIV-1-mediated enhancement of TLR-induced TNF expression as well as HIV-1 replication. These findings indicate that viral replication and inflammation are linked through a common IFNγ-like, STAT-dependent pathway and that HIV-1-induced STAT1 and STAT3 signaling are involved in both inflammation and HIV-1 replication. Systemic innate immune activation is a hallmark of active HIV-1 replication. Our study shows that inflammation may develop as a consequence of HIV-1 triggering STAT-IFN pathways to support viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sofia Appelberg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark A. Wallet
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jared P. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Melanie N. Cash
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John W. Sleasman
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maureen M. Goodenow
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Zhao F, Ma J, Huang L, Deng Y, Li L, Zhou Y, Li J, Li S, Jiang H, Yang H, Gao S, Wang H, Liu Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of PBMC from HIV patients pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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21
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Sandstrom TS, Ranganath N, Angel JB. Impairment of the type I interferon response by HIV-1: Potential targets for HIV eradication. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:1-16. [PMID: 28455216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By interfering with the type I interferon (IFN1) response, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) can circumvent host antiviral signalling and establish persistent viral reservoirs. HIV-1-mediated defects in the IFN pathway are numerous, and include the impairment of protein receptors involved in pathogen detection, downstream signalling cascades required for IFN1 upregulation, and expression or function of key IFN1-inducible, antiviral proteins. Despite this, the activation of IFN1-inducible, antiviral proteins has been shown to facilitate the killing of latently HIV-infected cells in vitro. Understanding how IFN1 signalling is blocked in physiologically-relevant models of HIV-1 infection, and whether these defects can be reversed, is therefore of great importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating the HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teslin S Sandstrom
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Nischal Ranganath
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, ORCC Room C4445, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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22
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Fagone P, Nunnari G, Lazzara F, Longo A, Cambria D, Distefano G, Palumbo M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L, Di Rosa M. Induction of OAS gene family in HIV monocyte infected patients with high and low viral load. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:66-73. [PMID: 27107898 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immunity plays a predominant role in the early control of HIV infection, before the induction of adaptive immune responses. The cytokine secretion operated by the CD4(+) T helper cells is able to induce a response in the innate immunity cells and significantly affect HIV-1 persistence and replication. One of the pathways activated by monocytes to restrain viral infection is the 2' -5' -oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L pathway. OAS is activated by dsRNA and IFNs to produce 2' -5' oligoadenylates, which are activators of RNase L. This enzyme degrades viral and cellular RNAs, thus restricting viral infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed a microarray dataset obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) databank (accession number GSE18464) in order to verify the modulation of the OAS gene family in CD14 (+) monocytes isolated from 55 subjects, 22 with HIV-1 HVL (high viral load), and 22 with HIV-1 LVL (low viral load), as well as in 11 HIV-1 seronegative controls. We have validated the data on the expression levels of the OAS genes by performing real-time PCR on monocyte from a cohort of HIV infected patients (n = 20), with clinical characteristics similar to those of the patients recruited in the study present in the microarray. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed that OAS gene family are significantly upregulated in monocyte of HIV-1 patients with HVL, as compared to LVL patients and to healthy donors. Furthermore, we showed a significant correlation between the OAS gene family and the log2 viral load and CD4 count. These results were confirmed by the in vitro validation. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study suggest an involvement for the OAS gene family in the control of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Nunnari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - D Cambria
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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23
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The Interferon-Stimulated Gene Ifi27l2a Restricts West Nile Virus Infection and Pathogenesis in a Cell-Type- and Region-Specific Manner. J Virol 2015; 90:2600-15. [PMID: 26699642 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02463-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mammalian host responds to viral infections by inducing expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). While the functional significance of many ISGs has yet to be determined, their cell type and temporal nature of expression suggest unique activities against specific pathogens. Using a combination of ectopic expression and gene silencing approaches in cell culture, we previously identified Ifi27l2a as a candidate antiviral ISG within neuronal subsets of the central nervous system (CNS) that restricts infection by West Nile virus (WNV), an encephalitic flavivirus of global concern. To investigate the physiological relevance of Ifi27l2a in the context of viral infection, we generated Ifi27l2a(-/-) mice. Although adult mice lacking Ifi27l2a were more vulnerable to lethal WNV infection, the viral burden was greater only within the CNS, particularly in the brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Within neurons of the cerebellum and brain stem, in the context of WNV infection, a deficiency of Ifi27l2a was associated with less cell death, which likely contributed to sustained viral replication and higher titers in these regions. Infection studies in a primary cell culture revealed that Ifi27l2a(-/-) cerebellar granule cell neurons and macrophages but not cerebral cortical neurons, embryonic fibroblasts, or dendritic cells sustained higher levels of WNV infection than wild-type cells and that this difference was greater under conditions of beta interferon (IFN-β) pretreatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that Ifi27l2a has an antiviral phenotype in subsets of cells and that at least some ISGs have specific inhibitory functions in restricted tissues. IMPORTANCE The interferon-stimulated Ifi27l2a gene is expressed differentially within the central nervous system upon interferon stimulation or viral infection. Prior studies in cell culture suggested an antiviral role for Ifi27l2a during infection by West Nile virus (WNV). To characterize its antiviral activity in vivo, we generated mice with a targeted gene deletion of Ifi27l2a. Based on extensive virological analyses, we determined that Ifi27l2a protects mice from WNV-induced mortality by contributing to the control of infection of the hindbrain and spinal cord, possibly by regulating cell death of neurons. This antiviral activity was validated in granule cell neurons derived from the cerebellum and in macrophages but was not observed in other cell types. Collectively, these data suggest that Ifi27l2a contributes to innate immune restriction of WNV in a cell-type- and tissue-specific manner.
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IFI44 suppresses HIV-1 LTR promoter activity and facilitates its latency. Virology 2015; 481:142-50. [PMID: 25776761 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IFI44 is an interferon-alfa inducible protein, and is associated with infection of several viruses. However, IFI44 elicits minimal antiviral effects on these viruses, and its exact role is still unknown. Here we show that IFI44 inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro. Through depletion of endogenous IFI44 or overexpression of IFI44 we confirm that IFI44 suppresses HIV-1 LTR promoter activity and affects viral transcription. Furthermore, we find that IFI44 localizes to nuclei and binds to the HIV-1 LTR promoter in HIV-1 infected cells. Removing suppression of HIV-1 transcription benefits reactivation of HIV-1 proviruses for purging latent reservoirs. We demonstrate that depletion of endogenous IFI44 in J-LAT cells induces reactivation of latent HIV-1. Based on these results, we propose a model in which IFI44 is recruited to the HIV-1 LTR, which may suppress viral transcription and prevent reactivation of latent HIV-1. Our study suggests a previously unrecognized anti-HIV phenomenon for interferon-stimulated proteins.
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25
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Tasker C, Ding J, Schmolke M, Rivera-Medina A, García-Sastre A, Chang TL. 17β-estradiol protects primary macrophages against HIV infection through induction of interferon-alpha. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:140-50. [PMID: 24801776 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2013.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has been shown to increase resistance to HIV/SIV transmission by increasing the thickness of the genital epithelium. The immunological role of estrogen in HIV infection of primary target cells is less well characterized. We have found that primary macrophages are a target for anti-HIV activity of 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 did not affect surface expression of CD4 and HIV co-receptors nor HIV attachment to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In addition, E2 treatment blocked infection by a co-receptor-independent HIV-1VSV-G pseudotyped virus. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of HIV reverse transcribed DNA products indicated that E2 blocked HIV reverse transcription. E2 upregulated gene expression of interferons (IFNs) in MDMs from multiple donors. However, induction of host restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, or SAMHD1 was not consistent, with exception of APOBEC3A. Anti-HIV activity of E2 was abolished in the presence of IFN-α neutralizing antibody, and was absent in bone marrow-derived macrophages from IFN-α receptor deficient mice. Interestingly, HIV overcame E2-mediated HIV inhibition by suppressing induction of IFNs when MDMs were exposed to HIV before E2 treatment. These results offer a new mechanism of E2 on HIV inhibition. Future studies on the interplay between HIV and E2-mediated innate immune responses will likely provide insights relevant for development of effective strategies for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Tasker
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
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Duskova K, Nagilla P, Le HS, Iyer P, Thalamuthu A, Martinson J, Bar-Joseph Z, Buchanan W, Rinaldo C, Ayyavoo V. MicroRNA regulation and its effects on cellular transcriptome in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 cell counts. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:250. [PMID: 23721325 PMCID: PMC3680326 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in the absence of therapy varies significantly in HIV-1 infected individuals. Both viral and host cellular molecules are implicated; however, the exact role of these factors and/or the mechanism involved remains elusive. To understand how microRNAs (miRNAs), which are regulators of transcription and translation, influence host cellular gene expression (mRNA) during HIV-1 infection, we performed a comparative miRNA and mRNA microarray analysis using PBMCs obtained from infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts. Methods RNA isolated from PBMCs obtained from HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 positive individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts were assessed for miRNA and mRNA profile. Selected miRNA and mRNA transcripts were validated using in vivo and in vitro infection model. Results Our results indicate that HIV-1 positive individuals with high viral load (HVL) showed a dysregulation of 191 miRNAs and 309 mRNA transcripts compared to the uninfected age and sex matched controls. The miRNAs miR-19b, 146a, 615-3p, 382, 34a, 144 and 155, that are known to target innate and inflammatory factors, were significantly upregulated in PBMCs with high viral load, as were the inflammatory molecules CXCL5, CCL2, IL6 and IL8, whereas defensin, CD4, ALDH1, and Neurogranin (NRGN) were significantly downregulated. Using the transcriptome profile and predicted target genes, we constructed the regulatory networks of miRNA-mRNA pairs that were differentially expressed between control, LVL and HVL subjects. The regulatory network revealed an inverse correlation of several miRNA-mRNA pair expression patterns, suggesting HIV-1 mediated transcriptional regulation is in part likely through miRNA regulation. Conclusions Results from our studies indicate that gene expression is significantly altered in PBMCs in response to virus replication. It is interesting to note that the infected individuals with low or undetectable viral load exhibit a gene expression profile very similar to control or uninfected subjects. Importantly, we identified several new mRNA targets (Defensin, Neurogranin, AIF) as well as the miRNAs that could be involved in regulating their expression through the miRNA-mRNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Duskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 425 Parran Hall, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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