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Milne SM, Lahiri A, Sanchez CL, Marshall MJ, Jahan I, Meares GP. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reactive Th17 cells drive Janus Kinase 1 dependent transcriptional reprogramming in astrocytes and alter cell surface cytokine receptor profiles during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13146. [PMID: 38849434 PMCID: PMC11161502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). T helper (Th) 17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by infiltrating the CNS and producing effector molecules that engage resident glial cells. Among these glial cells, astrocytes have a central role in coordinating inflammatory processes by responding to cytokines and chemokines released by Th17 cells. In this study, we examined the impact of pathogenic Th17 cells on astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. We identified that Th17 cells reprogram astrocytes by driving transcriptomic changes partly through a Janus Kinase (JAK)1-dependent mechanism, which included increased chemokines, interferon-inducible genes, and cytokine receptors. In vivo, we observed a region-specific heterogeneity in the expression of cell surface cytokine receptors on astrocytes, including those for IFN-γ, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-17, TGFβ, and IL-10. Additionally, these receptors were dynamically regulated during EAE induced by adoptive transfer of myelin-reactive Th17 cells. This study overall provides evidence of Th17 cell reprogramming of astrocytes, which may drive changes in the astrocytic responsiveness to cytokines during autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Janus Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Female
- Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Milne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Anirudhya Lahiri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cristina L Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Micah J Marshall
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, IBMR 415D, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, IBMR 415D, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gordon P Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, IBMR 415D, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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2
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Sadek MA, Rabie MA, El Sayed NS, Sayed HM, Kandil EA. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced cognitive and physical impairments in mice: an insight into the role of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1499-1518. [PMID: 38112964 PMCID: PMC11006778 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disease where autoimmunity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation collaboration predispose myelin sheath destruction. Interestingly, curcumin, a natural polyphenol, showed a neuroprotective effect in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including MS. Nevertheless, the influence of curcumin against MS-induced cognitive impairment is still vague. Hence, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice using spinal cord homogenate (SCH) and complete Freund's adjuvant, which eventually mimic MS. This study aimed not only to evaluate curcumin efficacy against EAE-induced cognitive and motor dysfunction, but also to explore a novel mechanism of action, by which curcumin exerts its beneficial effects in MS. Curcumin (200 mg/kg/day) efficacy was evaluated by behavioral tests, histopathological examination, and biochemical tests. Concisely, curcumin amended EAE-induced cognitive and motor impairments, as demonstrated by the behavioral tests and histopathological examination of the hippocampus. Interestingly, curcumin activated the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) axis, which triggered cyclic AMP response element-binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor/myelin basic protein (CREB/BDNF/MBP) pathway, hindering demyelination of the corpus callosum. Furthermore, AMPK/SIRT1 activation augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a powerful antioxidant, amending EAE-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, curcumin abolished EAE-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting Janus kinase 2 /signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) axis, by various pathways, including AMPK/SIRT1 activation. JAK2/STAT3 inhibition halts inflammatory cytokines synthesis. In conclusion, curcumin's neuroprotective effect in EAE is controlled, at least in part, by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, which ultimately minimizes EAE-induced neuronal demyelination, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Souza VGP, Telkar N, Lam WL, Reis PP. Comprehensive Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Brain Metastasis through Integrated Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3779. [PMID: 38612588 PMCID: PMC11012108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly prevalent and lethal form of lung cancer, comprising approximately half of all cases. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages with brain metastasis (BM), resulting in high mortality rates. Current BM management involves complex interventions and conventional therapies that offer limited survival benefits with neurotoxic side effects. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system where cancer cells interact with various elements, significantly influencing tumor behavior. Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, target the TME for cancer treatment. Despite their effectiveness, it is crucial to understand metastatic lung cancer and the specific characteristics of the TME, including cell-cell communication mechanisms, to refine treatments. Herein, we investigated the tumor microenvironment of brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD-BM) and primary tumors across various stages (I, II, III, and IV) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from publicly available datasets. Our analysis included exploring the immune and non-immune cell composition and the expression profiles and functions of cell type-specific genes, and investigating the interactions between different cells within the TME. Our results showed that T cells constitute the majority of immune cells present in primary tumors, whereas microglia represent the most dominant immune cell type in BM. Interestingly, microglia exhibit a significant increase in the COX pathway. Moreover, we have shown that microglia primarily interact with oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. One significant interaction was identified between DLL4 and NOTCH4, which demonstrated a relevant association between endothelial cells and microglia and between microglia and oligodendrocytes. Finally, we observed that several genes within the HLA complex are suppressed in BM tissue. Our study reveals the complex molecular and cellular dynamics of BM-LUAD, providing a path for improved patient outcomes with personalized treatments and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G. P. Souza
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patricia P. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
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Yang Y, Zhou W. Case report: Tofacitinib alleviates psoriatic arthritis without exacerbating multiple sclerosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15137. [PMID: 38519430 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaran Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Yang Y, Lu D, Wang M, Liu G, Feng Y, Ren Y, Sun X, Chen Z, Wang Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38378666 PMCID: PMC10879178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common trauma with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. However, the current management of this disease is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in depth to improve the treatment options. In recent decades, abundant evidence has highlighted the significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in advancing central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including TBI. ERS following TBI leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three major pathways of UPR initiation that determine whether a cell survives or dies. This review focuses on the dual effects of ERS on TBI and discusses the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that ERS may crosstalk with a series of molecular cascade responses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and cell death, and is thus involved in the progression of secondary injury after TBI. Hence, ERS is a promising candidate for the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yubo Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Perdaens O, van Pesch V. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and correlate with T cell mediators. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 386:578196. [PMID: 38101084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
T cell mediators and microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but their interaction largely remains undetermined. We investigated by RT-qPCR the dysregulation of microRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients versus healthy controls, according to radiological disease activity or treatment. Several microRNAs correlated positively/negatively with IL21/FOXP3 mRNA expression, but not with serum neurofilament light chain levels. Cytokine expression is conceivably balanced by several regulators, whereas microRNAs possibly target upstream transcription factors rather than directly cytokine mRNAs. Functional studies are needed to investigate their interaction, notably for the predicted targeting of FOXP3 by miR-34c-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53/B1.53.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Neurochemistry Group, Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53/B1.53.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Adzic Bukvic M, Laketa D, Dragic M, Lavrnja I, Nedeljkovic N. Expression of functionally distinct ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 glycovariants in reactive astrocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and neuroinflammatory conditions in vitro. Glia 2024; 72:19-33. [PMID: 37646205 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 (eN/CD73) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in extracellular production of adenosine and a cell adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interactions. In neuroinflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), reactive astrocytes occupying active demyelination areas significantly upregulate eN/CD73 and express additional eN/CD73 variants. The present study investigated whether the different eN/CD73 variants represent distinct glycoforms and the functional consequences of their expression in neuroinflammatory states. The study was performed in animals at different stages of EAE and in primary astrocyte cultures treated with a range of inflammatory cytokines. Upregulation at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels, as well as the appearance of multiple eN/CD73 glycovariants were detected in the inflamed spinal cord tissue. At the peak of the disease, eN/CD73 exhibited higher AMP turnover and lower enzyme-substrate affinity than the control group, which was attributed to altered glycosylation under neuroinflammatory conditions. A subsequent in vitro study showed that primary astrocytes upregulated eN/CD73 and expressed the multiple glycovariants upon stimulation with TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and ATP, with the effect occurring at least in part via induction of JAK/STAT3 signaling. Experimental removal of glycan moieties from membrane glycoproteins by PNGaseF decreased eN/CD73 activity but had no effect on the enzyme's involvement in astrocyte migration. Our results suggest that neuroinflammatory states are associated with the appearance of functionally distinct eN/CD73 glycovariants, which may play a role in the development of the reactive astrocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Adzic Bukvic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lee JY, Park CS, Seo KJ, Kim IY, Han S, Youn I, Yune TY. IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 axis mediates neuropathic pain by regulating astrocyte and microglia activation after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114576. [PMID: 37863306 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the control of activated glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes has emerged as a promising strategy for neuropathic pain management. However, signaling mechanism involved in glial activation in the process of neuropathic pain development and maintenance after SCI is not well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential role and mechanism of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway associated with glial cell activation in chronic neuropathic pain development and maintenance after SCI. One month after contusive SCI, the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway was markedly upregulated in both microglia and astrocyte in nociceptive processing regions of the lumbar spinal cord. In addition, both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was significantly inhibited by a JAK2 inhibitor, AG490. In particular, AG490 treatment inhibited both microglial and astrocyte activation in the lumbar (L) 4-5 dorsal horn and significantly decreased levels of p-p38MAPK, p-ERK and p-JNK, which are known to be activated in microglia (p-p38MAPK and p-ERK) and astrocyte (p-JNK). Experiments using primary cell cultures also revealed that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway promoted microglia and astrocyte activation after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 signaling and pain behaviors were significantly attenuated when the rats were treated with anti-IL-6 antibody. Finally, minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibited IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in activated glial cells and restored nociceptive thresholds and the hyperresponsiveness of dorsal neurons. These results suggest an important role of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in the activation of microglia and astrocytes and in the maintenance of chronic below-level pain after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Lee
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sol Park
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yi Kim
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Han
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Youn
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Yune
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng Y, Ji S, Li X, Wen L. Qijia rougan formula ameliorates ECM deposition in hepatic fibrosis by regulating the JAK1/STAT6-microRNA-23a feedback loop in macrophage M2 polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115794. [PMID: 37922651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the critical pathological stage in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no approved anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs are available currently. Qijia Rougan Formula (QRF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with significant clinical efficacy on hepatic fibrosis. It was derived from Sanjiasan, a famous decoction documented in the Book of Treatise on the Pestilence in the Ming Dynasty of China. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study further confirmed the therapeutic effects of QRF on hepatic fibrosis and dissected its underlying molecular mechanisms from the perspective of macrophage M2 polarization, one of the critical events in hepatic fibrosis. Experimentally, QRF significantly improved extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis in the liver of model rats. QRF diminished the proportion of M2 macrophages, decreased the levels of TGF-β, PDGFB and IL-10, and regulated the expression of p-JAK1, p-STAT6, JAK1 and microRNA-23a both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, it was confirmed that QRF effectively improves liver function and hepatocyte damage, and reduces ECM deposition. QRF ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by regulating JAK1/STAT6-microRNA-23a negative feedback loop to inhibit macrophage M2 polarization and thus reduce ECM deposition. Our study illustrates the potential of QRF for hepatic fibrosis therapy, suggesting that QRF is a promising anti-hepatic fibrosis drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zheng
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoxiu Ji
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wen
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hong X, Rang X, Yang D, Huang S, Xu C, Fu J. Establishment of comorbidity target pools and prediction of drugs candidate for multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroid diseases based on GWAS and transcriptome data. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104903. [PMID: 37556937 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observation has revealed that multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are strongly correlated. The aim of this study was to explore the shared molecular causes of MS and AITD, and to conduct drug rearrangement on this basis, search for comorbidity drugs and feasible drugs for mutual reference between the two diseases. METHODS Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and transcriptome data, susceptibility genes and differentially expressed genes related to MS and AITD were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction analysis, and gene-pathway network analysis of the above genes were performed to identify a common target pool, including common genes, common hub genes, and common pathways, and to explore the specific pathogenesis of the two diseases, respectively. Drugs that target the common pathways/genes were identified through the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), DrugBank database, and Drug-Gene Interaction (DGI) Database. Common hub genes were compared with the target genes of drugs approved for treating MS/AITD and drugs under investigation identified by DrugBank and ClinicalTrials, respectively. RESULTS We identified a pool of shared targets containing genes and pathways, including 46 common genetic susceptibility pathways and 9 common differentially expressed pathways, including JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, etc. In addition, a total of 29 hub genes, including TYK2, JAK1, STAT3, IL2RA, HLA-DRB1, and TLR3, were identified. Drugs approved for treating MS or AITD, such as methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, glatiramer, natalizumab, and methimazole, can target the shared genes and pathways, among which methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of the two diseases, indicating that these drugs have the potential to become a priority in the treatment of comorbidities. Moreover, drugs targeting multiple common genes and pathways, including tacrolimus, deucravacitinib, and nivolumab, were identified as potential drugs for the treatment of MS, AITD, and their comorbidities. CONCLUSION We observed that T-cell activation-related genes and pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of both MS and AITD, which may be the molecular basis of the comorbidity. Moreover, we identified a variety of drugs which may be used as priority or potential treatments for comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinming Rang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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11
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Li M, Wang M, Wen Y, Zhang H, Zhao G, Gao Q. Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e349. [PMID: 37706196 PMCID: PMC10495745 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that macrophages exert in different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which is regulated via signal transduction such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt and Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in macrophages have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the basic physiology of macrophages and expound the regulatory pathways within them. We also address the crucial role macrophages play in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious diseases, and cancer, with a focus on advances in macrophage-targeted strategies exploring modulation of components and regulators of signaling pathways. Last, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions of macrophage-targeted therapy in clinical applications. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide directions for further research on therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage signaling pathways, which are promising to improve the efficacy of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuanjia Wen
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Guang‐Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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12
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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13
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Godoi MA, Camilli AC, Gonzales KGA, Costa VB, Papathanasiou E, Leite FRM, Guimarães-Stabili MR. JAK/STAT as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteolytic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10290. [PMID: 37373437 PMCID: PMC10299676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cytokines with major biological functions in inflammatory diseases exert their functions through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway. JAKs phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, inducing the activation of its substrates, mainly the proteins known as STATs. STATs bind to these phosphorylated tyrosine residues and translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, further regulating the transcription of several genes that regulate the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. There is also increasing evidence indicating that the persistent activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is related to several inflammatory bone (osteolytic) diseases. However, the specific mechanism remains to be clarified. JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibitors have gained major scientific interest to explore their potential in the prevention of the destruction of mineralized tissues in osteolytic diseases. Here, our review highlights the importance of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in inflammation-induced bone resorption and presents the results of clinical studies and experimental models of JAK inhibitors in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariely A. Godoi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Angelo C. Camilli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Karen G. A. Gonzales
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Vitória B. Costa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Fábio R. M. Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore 168938, Singapore;
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Morgana R. Guimarães-Stabili
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
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14
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Calvillo-Robledo A, Ramírez-Farías C, Valdez-Urias F, Huerta-Carreón EP, Quintanar-Stephano A. Arginine vasopressin hormone receptor antagonists in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rodent models: A new approach for human multiple sclerosis treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1138627. [PMID: 36998727 PMCID: PMC10043225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. MS is a heterogeneous disorder of multiple factors that are mainly associated with the immune system including the breakdown of the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers induced by T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells, and immune components such as chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The incidence of MS has been increasing worldwide recently, and most therapies related to its treatment are associated with the development of several secondary effects, such as headaches, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and some types of cancer; therefore, the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. The use of animal models of MS continues to be an important option for extrapolating new treatments. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) replicates the several pathophysiological features of MS development and clinical signs, to obtain a potential treatment for MS in humans and improve the disease prognosis. Currently, the exploration of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions represents a highlight of interest in the treatment of immune disorders. The arginine vasopressin hormone (AVP) is involved in the increase in blood−brain barrier permeability, inducing the development and aggressiveness of the disease in the EAE model, whereas its deficiency improves the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, this present review discussed on the use of conivaptan a blocker of AVP receptors type 1a and type 2 (V1a and V2 AVP) in the modulation of immune response without completely depleting its activity, minimizing the adverse effects associated with the conventional therapies becoming a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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15
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Kochanek PM, Simon DW, Wagner AK. Targeting interleukin-6 after cardiac arrest-Let us not forget the brain. Resuscitation 2023; 184:109715. [PMID: 36736948 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kochanek
- Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Clinical and Translational Science, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6th floor, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
| | - Dennis W Simon
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Neuroscience, Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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16
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Nazri JM, Oikonomopoulou K, de Araujo ED, Kraskouskaya D, Gunning PT, Chandran V. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as a potential new treatment for psoriatic disease and other inflammatory conditions. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:300-320. [PMID: 36846924 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2177251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Collectively known as psoriatic disease, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in which patients present with cutaneous and musculoskeletal inflammation. Affecting roughly 2-3% of the world's total population, there remains unmet therapeutic needs in both psoriasis and PsA despite the availability of current immunomodulatory treatments. As a result, patients with psoriatic disease often experience reduced quality of life. Recently, a class of small molecules, commonly investigated as anti-cancer agents, called histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, have been proposed as a new promising anti-inflammatory treatment for immune- and inflammatory-related diseases. In inflammatory diseases, current evidence is derived from studies on diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and while there are some reports studying psoriasis, data on PsA patients are not yet available. In this review, we provide a brief overview of psoriatic disease, psoriasis, and PsA, as well as HDACs, and discuss the rationale behind the potential use of HDAC inhibitors in the management of persistent inflammation to suggest its possible use in psoriatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Mohammad Nazri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Dziyana Kraskouskaya
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
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17
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Jain NK, Tailang M, Jain HK, Chandrasekaran B, Sahoo BM, Subramanian A, Thangavel N, Aldahish A, Chidambaram K, Alagusundaram M, Kumar S, Selvam P. Therapeutic implications of current Janus kinase inhibitors as anti-COVID agents: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135145. [PMID: 37021053 PMCID: PMC10067607 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by hyperinflammation induced by cytokine storm, ARDS leading to multiorgan failure and death. JAK-STAT signaling has been implicated in immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infection under different stages such as viral entry, escaping innate immunity, replication, and subsequent inflammatory processes. Prompted by this fact and prior utilization as an immunomodulatory agent for several autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory conditions, Jakinibs have been recognized as validated small molecules targeting the rapid release of proinflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6, and GM-CSF. Various clinical trials are under investigation to evaluate Jakinibs as potential candidates for treating COVID-19. Till date, there is only one small molecule Jakinib known as baricitinib has received FDA-approval as a standalone immunomodulatory agent in treating critical COVID-19 patients. Though various meta-analyses have confirmed and validated the safety and efficacy of Jakinibs, further studies are required to understand the elaborated pathogenesis of COVID-19, duration of Jakinib treatment, and assess the combination therapeutic strategies. In this review, we highlighted JAK-STAT signalling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and clinically approved Jakinibs. Moreover, this review described substantially the promising use of Jakinibs and discussed their limitations in the context of COVID-19 therapy. Hence, this review article provides a concise, yet significant insight into the therapeutic implications of Jakinibs as potential anti-COVID agents which opens up a new horizon in the treatment of COVID-19, effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Tailang
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Jain
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Palani Selvam,
| | - Biswa Mohan Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Anandhalakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alagusundaram
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Palani Selvam
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jijiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Balakumar Chandrasekaran, ; Palani Selvam,
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18
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Sun H, Ma D, Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang W, Jiang T, Li Z, Li X, Meng H. The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2049-2069. [PMID: 36518035 PMCID: PMC10556373 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221214170234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is defined as spontaneous recurrent seizures in the brain. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory mediators and immune cells are involved in epileptic seizures. As more research is done on inflammatory factors and immune cells in epilepsy, new targets for the treatment of epilepsy will be revealed. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcriptional activator (JAKSTAT) signaling pathway is strongly associated with many immune and inflammatory diseases, At present, more and more studies have found that the JAK-STAT pathway is involved in the development and development of epilepsy, indicating the JAK-STAT pathway's potential promise as a target in epilepsy treatment. In this review, we discuss the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway and the relationship between the JAK-STAT pathway and epilepsy. In addition, we summarize the common clinical inhibitors of JAK and STAT that we would expect to be used in epilepsy treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaai Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoran Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Zhao P, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Du X, Du Z, Yang L, Hou J. Discovery of grey matter lesion-related immune genes for diagnostic prediction in multiple sclerosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15299. [PMID: 37128203 PMCID: PMC10148642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. Grey matter (GM) lesions have been shown to be closely related to MS motor deficits and cognitive impairment. In this study, GM lesion-related genes for diagnosis and immune status in MS were investigated. Methods Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to analyze RNA-seq data for GM lesions in MS. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to screen related gene modules and candidate genes. The abundance of immune cell infiltration was analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Candidate genes with strong correlation with immune cell types were determined to be hub genes. A diagnosis model of nomogram was constructed based on the hub genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological functions of hub genes. Finally, an MS mouse model was induced to verify the expression levels of immune hub genes. Results Nine genes were identified by WGCNA, LASSO regression and PPI network. The infiltration of immune cells was significantly different between the MS and control groups. Four genes were identified as GM lesion-related hub genes. A reliable prediction model was established by nomogram and verified by calibration, decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. GSEA indicated that the hub genes were mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc. Conclusions TLR9, CCL5, CXCL8 and PDGFRB were identified as potential biomarkers for GM injury in MS. The effectively predicted diagnosis model will provide guidance for therapeutic intervention of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunqian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Du
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Du
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junlin Hou
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Poonaki E, Kahlert UD, Meuth SG, Gorji A. The role of the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:275. [PMCID: PMC9675144 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master modulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells undergo a series of molecular changes and express certain characteristics of mesenchymal cells. ZEB1, in association with other EMT transcription factors, promotes neuroinflammation through changes in the production of inflammatory mediators, the morphology and function of immune cells, and multiple signaling pathways that mediate the inflammatory response. The ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, formation of the hostile inflammatory micromilieu surrounding neuronal tissues, dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes, impairment of angiogenesis, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic target for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Poonaki
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany ,grid.512981.60000 0004 0612 1380Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Polygalaxanthone III, an Active Ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., Repaired Malassezia-Stimulated Skin Injury via STAT3 Phosphorylated Activation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217520. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia is a genus of commensal and lipid-dependent yeasts in human skin which also have a pathogenic lifestyle associated with several common skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and eczema. Symptoms include red, itchy, and inflamed skin. We studied the growth characteristics and biochemical analyses of M. furfur which showed that the protein contents were greater in extracts taken at 24 h. These were then used to infect C57BL/6 mice, resulting in skin rupture. Polygalaxanthone III (POL), a more effective anti-inflammatory ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., was applied externally to the ulceration and successfully healed the wounds quickly. POL could not inhibit Malassezia activity as tested by the inhibition zone test, but affected the formation of lipid droplets in HaCaT cells. The wound-healing molecular mechanisms may be involved in the STAT3 pathway according to the Western blot results of skin tissues. Malassezia’s role in skin health is far from certain, and there is no clear solution, so understanding the development of Malassezia-associated skin diseases in general and seeking solutions are very important.
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Uveitis and Multiple Sclerosis: Description of Two Patients and Literature Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082041. [PMID: 36009588 PMCID: PMC9405697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood, while multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by remission and exacerbation phases. An association between MS and rheumatologic diseases, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, has been described and numerous studies acknowledge anti-TNF-α drugs as MS triggers. Conversely, the association between MS and JIA has been reported merely in five cases in the literature. We describe two cases of adult patients with longstanding JIA and JIA-associated uveitis, who developed MS. The first patient was on methotrexate and adalimumab when she developed dizziness and nausea. Characteristic MRI lesions and oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid led to MS diagnosis. Adalimumab was discontinued, and she was treated with three pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone. After a few months, rituximab was started. The second patient had been treated with anti-TNF-α and then switched to abatacept. She complained of unilateral arm and facial paraesthesias; brain MRI showed characteristic lesions, and MS was diagnosed. Three pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone were administered; neurological disease remained stable, and abatacept was reintroduced. Further studies are warranted to define if there is an association between JIA and MS, if MS represents JIA comorbidity or if anti-TNF-α underpins MS development.
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Ribeiro VR, Romao-Veiga M, Nunes PR, de Oliveira LRC, Romagnoli GG, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Silibinin downregulates the expression of the Th1 and Th17 profiles by modulation of STATs and transcription factors in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hong X, Wang X, Rang X, Yin X, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang D, Zhao T, Fu J. The Shared Mechanism and Candidate Drugs of Multiple Sclerosis and Sjögren's Syndrome Analyzed by Bioinformatics Based on GWAS and Transcriptome Data. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857014. [PMID: 35356004 PMCID: PMC8959321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the shared mechanism and candidate drugs of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods MS- and SS-related susceptibility genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatics analysis based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome data from GWAS catalog and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Pathway enrichment, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis for susceptibility genes and DEGs were performed. The drugs targeting common pathways/genes were obtained through Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), DrugBank database, and Drug-Gene Interaction (DGI) Database. The target genes of approved/investigational drugs for MS and SS were obtained through DrugBank and compared with the common susceptibility genes. Results Based on GWAS data, we found 14 hub common susceptibility genes (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA, STAT3, JAK1, HLA-B, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, TYK2, IL2RA, and MAPK1), with 8 drugs targeting two or more than two genes, and 28 common susceptibility pathways, with 15 drugs targeting three or more than three pathways. Based on transcriptome data, we found 3 hub common DEGs (STAT1, GATA3, PIK3CA) with 3 drugs and 10 common risk pathways with 435 drugs. "JAK-STAT signaling pathway" was included in common susceptibility pathways and common risk pathways at the same time. There were 133 overlaps including JAK-STAT inhibitors between agents from GWAS and transcriptome data. Besides, we found that IL2RA and HLA-DRB1, identified as hub common susceptibility genes, were the targets of daclizumab and glatiramer that were used for MS, indicating that daclizumab and glatiramer may be therapeutic for SS. Conclusion We observed the shared mechanism of MS and SS, in which JAK-STAT signaling pathway played a vital role, which may be the genetic and molecular bases of comorbidity of MS with SS. Moreover, JAK-STAT inhibitors were potential therapies for MS and SS, especially for their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinming Rang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kamyshna I, Kamyshnyi A. Transcription factors and regulators pathway-focused genes expression analysis in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1396-1404. [PMID: 35176984 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220217123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a T cell-mediated organ-specific disorder and transcription factors have a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, especially in the fate of T-helper cells. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate changes in the gene expression profile of transcription factors and regulators in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology Methods. We used the pathway-specific real-time PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT2 Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) to identify and verify transcription factors and regulators pathway-focused genes expression in peripheral white blood cells of patients with postoperative hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism as a result of AIT and AIT with elevated serum an anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. RESULTS It was shown that in patients with postoperative hypothyroidism FOS, NR1I2, STAT4, and TP53 significantly increased their expression whereas the expression of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 decreased. In patients with hypothyroidism as a result of AIT, we have found increased expression of NR1I2, STAT2, and STAT3. In contrast, the expression of STAT1 and TP53 decreased. FOS and STAT4 mRNAs did not change their expression. In patients with AIT and elevated serum anti-Tg and anti-TPO antibodies, the expression of FOS and NR1I2 reduced whereas the mRNA level of STAT3 increased. STAT1, STAT2, and STAT4 mRNAs did not change their expression. MYC did not change its expression in all groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism affect the mRNA-level expression of transcription factors and regulators genes in a gene-specific manner and that these changes to genes expression can be among the triggers of autoimmune inflammation progression in the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Majdan Voli 1, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Majdan Voli 1, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Khera R, Mehan S, Bhalla S, Kumar S, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Sadhu SS. Guggulsterone Mediated JAK/STAT and PPAR-Gamma Modulation Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Abnormalities in Propionic Acid-Induced Experimental Model of Autism. Molecules 2022; 27:889. [PMID: 35164154 PMCID: PMC8839522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by repetitive behaviour, challenges in verbal and non-verbal communication, poor socio-emotional health, and cognitive impairment. An increased level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and a decreased level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma have been linked to autism pathogenesis. Guggulsterone (GST) has a neuroprotective effect on autistic conditions by modulating these signalling pathways. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to examine potential neuroprotective properties of GST by modulating JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma levels in intracerebroventricular propionic acid (ICV PPA) induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. In this study, the first 11 days of ICV-PPA injections in rats resulted in autism-like behavioural, neurochemical, morphological, and histopathological changes. The above modifications were also observed in various biological samples, including brain homogenate, CSF, and blood plasma. GST was also observed to improve autism-like behavioural impairments in autistic rats treated with PPA, including locomotion, neuromuscular coordination, depression-like behaviour, spatial memory, cognition, and body weight. Prolonged GST treatment also restored neurochemical deficits in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic PPA administration increased STAT3 and decreased PPAR gamma in autistic rat brain, CSF, and blood plasma samples, which were reversed by GST. GST also restored the gross and histopathological alterations in PPA-treated rat brains. Our results indicate the neuroprotective effects of GST in preventing autism-related behavioural and neurochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Khera
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Satya Sai Sadhu
- Chemistry Department, Northern Michigan University, 1401, Presque, Isle, Marquette, MI 49855, USA;
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Jain M, Singh MK, Shyam H, Mishra A, Kumar S, Kumar A, Kushwaha J. Role of JAK/STAT in the Neuroinflammation and its Association with Neurological Disorders. Ann Neurosci 2022; 28:191-200. [PMID: 35341232 PMCID: PMC8948319 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211070532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Innate immunity is mediated by a variety of cell types, including microglia,
macrophages, and neutrophils, and serves as the immune system's first line of defense.
There are numerous pathways involved in innate immunity, including the interferon (IFN)
pathway, TRK pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus
kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, interleukin
(IL) pathways, chemokine pathways (CCR5), GSK signaling, and Fas signaling. Summary: JAK/STAT is one of these important signaling pathways and this review focused on
JAK/STAT signaling pathway only. The overactivation of microglia and astrocytes
influences JAK/STAT's role in neuroinflammatory disease by initiating innate immunity,
orchestrating adaptive immune mechanisms, and ultimately constraining inflammatory and
immunological responses. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the critical factors
that promotes neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Key message: Given the importance of the JAK/STAT pathway in neurodegenerative disease, this review
discussed the feasibility of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway as a neuroprotective therapy
for neurodegenerative diseases in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Jain
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Kumar Singh
- Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Vascular Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Kushwaha
- Department of General Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu P, Li H, Gong J, Geng Y, Jiang M, Xu H, Xu Z, Shi J. Chitooligosaccharides alleviate hepatic fibrosis by regulating the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. Food Funct 2021; 13:753-768. [PMID: 34940780 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulating immune homeostasis by targeting liver macrophage polarization is a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a bioactive oligosaccharide possessing potent immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of COS on hepatic fibrosis was examined in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Herein, mice were induced to hepatic fibrosis using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and concurrently treated with COS orally. Kupffer cells (KCs) were skewed towards M1 macrophage polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and towards M2 macrophage polarization by interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro, which were utilized for COS treatment. The results showed that mice were rescued from hepatic fibrosis by COS, marked by a reduction in the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and histological lesions. COS had an inhibitory effect on the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, characterized by the raised biomarker of the M1 and M2 macrophages slipping towards the basal levels. Furthermore, COS inhibited the JAK2/STAT1 pathways on M1 macrophages and the JAK1/STAT6 pathways on M2 macrophages in KCs. In summary, this study revealed a molecular mechanism for the impact of COS effectiveness on the polarization of liver macrophages, suggesting that is could be a possible intervention for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinsong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Günaydın C, Önger ME, Avcı B, Bozkurt A, Terzi M, Bilge SS. Tofacitinib enhances remyelination and improves myelin integrity in cuprizone-induced mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:790-798. [PMID: 34618622 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1986063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Demyelination and subsequent remyelination are well-known mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Current research mainly focused on preventing demyelination or regulating the peripheral immune system to protect further damage to the central nervous system. However, information about another essential mechanism, remyelination, and its balance of the immune response within the central nervous system's boundaries is still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we tried to demonstrate the effect of the recently introduced Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) inhibitor, tofacitinib, on remyelination.Demyelination was induced by 6-week cuprizone administration, followed by 2-week tofacitinib (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) treatment. RESULTS At the functional level, tofacitinib improved cuprizone-induced decline in motor coordination and muscle strength, which were assessed by rotarod and hanging wire tests. Tofacitinib also showed anti-inflammatory effect by alleviating the cuprizone-induced increase in the central levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, tofacitinib also suppressed the cuprizone-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 levels. Additionally, cuprizone-induced loss of myelin integrity and myelin basic protein expression was inhibited by tofacitinib. At the molecular level, we also assessed phosphorylation of STAT-3 and STAT-5, and our data indicates tofacitinib suppressed cuprizone-induced phosphorylation in those proteins. CONCLUSION Our study highlights JAK/STAT inhibition provides beneficial effects on remyelination via inhibition of inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Günaydın
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Emin Önger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avcı
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Terzi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sırrı Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Batool Z, Hu G, Huang X, Wu Y, Fu X, Cai Z, Huang X, Ma M. Dietary therapeutic treatment of renal carcinoma cell lines by down-regulating cFlip, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL and STAT3 gene expression under the influence of up-regulated Bax and intrinsic apoptotic pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gabor A, Tognetti M, Driessen A, Tanevski J, Guo B, Cao W, Shen H, Yu T, Chung V, Bodenmiller B, Saez‐Rodriguez J. Cell-to-cell and type-to-type heterogeneity of signaling networks: insights from the crowd. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10402. [PMID: 34661974 PMCID: PMC8522707 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological developments allow us to measure the status of dozens of proteins in individual cells. This opens the way to understand the heterogeneity of complex multi-signaling networks across cells and cell types, with important implications to understand and treat diseases such as cancer. These technologies are, however, limited to proteins for which antibodies are available and are fairly costly, making predictions of new markers and of existing markers under new conditions a valuable alternative. To assess our capacity to make such predictions and boost further methodological development, we organized the Single Cell Signaling in Breast Cancer DREAM challenge. We used a mass cytometry dataset, covering 36 markers in over 4,000 conditions totaling 80 million single cells across 67 breast cancer cell lines. Through four increasingly difficult subchallenges, the participants predicted missing markers, new conditions, and the time-course response of single cells to stimuli in the presence and absence of kinase inhibitors. The challenge results show that despite the stochastic nature of signal transduction in single cells, the signaling events are tightly controlled and machine learning methods can accurately predict new experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Gabor
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University and Heidelberg University HospitalFaculty of MedicineBioquantHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marco Tognetti
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine & Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Molecular Life Science PhD ProgramLife Science Zurich Graduate SchoolETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alice Driessen
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University and Heidelberg University HospitalFaculty of MedicineBioquantHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jovan Tanevski
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University and Heidelberg University HospitalFaculty of MedicineBioquantHeidelbergGermany
| | - Baosen Guo
- Division of AI & BioinformaticsShenzhen Digital Life InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Wencai Cao
- Division of AI & BioinformaticsShenzhen Digital Life InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - He Shen
- Division of AI & BioinformaticsShenzhen Digital Life InstituteShenzhenChina
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine & Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Julio Saez‐Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University and Heidelberg University HospitalFaculty of MedicineBioquantHeidelbergGermany
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Ravi AK, Muthukrishnan SK. Combination of Probiotics and Natural Compounds to Treat Multiple Sclerosis via Warburg Effect. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:515-523. [PMID: 35935051 PMCID: PMC9348531 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is an auto-immune disorder. Its usual symptoms are unique to each person. In MS lesions vast fractions of pyruvate molecules are instantly transformed into lactate. This reprogramming mechanism of glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. MS has no efficient treatment yet. Hence, there is a requirement for profitable immunomodulatory agents in MS. Probiotics perform as an immunomodulator because they regulate the host’s immune responses. Its efficacy gets enhanced for an extended period when it combines with prebiotics. In this review, we focus on the metabolic alterations behind the MS lesions via the Warburg effect, and also suggesting, the combined efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics for the effective treatment of MS without side effects. The Warburg effect mechanism intensifies the infiltration of activated T-cells and B-cells into the CNS. It provokes the inflammation process on the myelin sheath. The infiltration of immune cells can be inhibited by the combination therapy of probiotics and prebiotics. By this review, we can recommend that the idea of this combinational therapy can do miracles in the treatment of MS in the future.
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Brummer T, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Zipp F, Bittner S. Treatment approaches to patients with multiple sclerosis and coexisting autoimmune disorders. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211035542. [PMID: 34457039 PMCID: PMC8388232 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211035542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decades have yielded major therapeutic advances in many autoimmune conditions - such as multiple sclerosis (MS) - and thus ushered in a new era of more targeted and increasingly potent immunotherapies. Yet this growing arsenal of therapeutic immune interventions has also rendered therapy much more challenging for the attending physician, especially when treating patients with more than one autoimmune condition. Importantly, some therapeutic strategies are either approved for several autoimmune disorders or may be repurposed for other conditions, therefore opening new curative possibilities in related fields. In this article, we especially focus on frequent and therapeutically relevant concomitant autoimmune conditions faced by neurologists when treating patients with MS, namely psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. We provide an overview of the available disease-modifying therapies, highlight possible contraindications, show pathophysiological overlaps and finally present which therapeutics can be utilized as a combinatory treatment, in order to 'kill two birds with one stone'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brummer
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz 55131, Germany
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Chikhale R, Sinha SK, Wanjari M, Gurav NS, Ayyanar M, Prasad S, Khanal P, Dey YN, Patil RB, Gurav SS. Computational assessment of saikosaponins as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19: molecular docking, dynamics, and network pharmacology analysis. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1889-1904. [PMID: 33492566 PMCID: PMC7829483 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponins are major biologically active triterpenoids, usually as glucosides, isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) such as Bupleurum spp., Heteromorpha spp., and Scrophularia scorodonia with their antiviral and immunomodulatory potential. This investigation presents molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and free energy calculation studies of saikosaponins as adjuvant therapy in the treatment for COVID19. Molecular docking studies for 23 saikosaponins on the crystal structures of the extracellular domains of human lnterleukin-6 receptor (IL6), human Janus Kinase-3 (JAK3), and dehydrogenase domain of Cylindrospermum stagnale NADPH-oxidase 5 (NOX5) were performed, and selected protein-ligand complexes were subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics trajectories were subjected to free energy calculation by the MM-GBSA method. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that IL6 in complex with Saikosaponin_U and Saikosaponin_V, JAK3 in complex with Saikosaponin_B4 and Saikosaponin_I, and NOX5 in complex with Saikosaponin_BK1 and Saikosaponin_C have good docking and molecular dynamics profiles. However, the Janus Kinase-3 is the best interacting partner for the saikosaponin compounds. The network pharmacology analysis suggests saikosaponins interact with the proteins CAT Gene CAT (Catalase) and Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1); both of these enzymes play a major role in cell homeostasis and DNA damage during infection, suggesting a possible improvement in immune response toward COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Chikhale
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Saurabh K Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Shukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Manish Wanjari
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Nilambari S Gurav
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Ponda, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A. Veeriya Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Affiliated To Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur, 613 503, India
| | - Satyendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Shailendra S Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panaji, Goa, 403 001, India.
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Rasheed M, Liang J, Wang C, Deng Y, Chen Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4956. [PMID: 34066949 PMCID: PMC8125491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant factors involved in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder with a motor disability linked with various complex and diversified risk factors. These factors trigger myriads of cellular and molecular processes, such as misfolding defective proteins, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotoxic substances that induce selective neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons. This neuronal damage activates the neuronal immune system, including glial cells and inflammatory cytokines, to trigger neuroinflammation. The transition of acute to chronic neuroinflammation enhances the susceptibility of inflammation-induced dopaminergic neuron damage, forming a vicious cycle and prompting an individual to PD development. Epigenetic mechanisms recently have been at the forefront of the regulation of neuroinflammatory factors in PD, proposing a new dawn for breaking this vicious cycle. This review examined the core epigenetic mechanisms involved in the activation and phenotypic transformation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation in PD. We found that epigenetic mechanisms do not work independently, despite being coordinated with each other to activate neuroinflammatory pathways. In this regard, we attempted to find the synergic correlation and contribution of these epigenetic modifications with various neuroinflammatory pathways to broaden the canvas of underlying pathological mechanisms involved in PD development. Moreover, this study highlighted the dual characteristics (neuroprotective/neurotoxic) of these epigenetic marks, which may counteract PD pathogenesis and make them potential candidates for devising future PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (Y.D.)
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Dang C, Lu Y, Chen X, Li Q. Baricitinib Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650708. [PMID: 33927721 PMCID: PMC8076548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and a CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is recognized as the major mechanism that regulates the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, which are recognized as pivotal effector cells responsible for the development of EAE. We used baricitinib, a JAK 1/2 inhibitor, to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway in EAE mice. Our results showed that baricitinib significantly delayed the onset time, decreased the severity of clinical symptoms, shortened the duration of EAE, and alleviated demyelination and immune cell infiltration in the spinal cord. In addition, baricitinib treatment downregulated the proportion of interferon-γ+CD4+ Th1 and interleukin-17+CD4+ Th17 cells, decreased the levels of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ t and T-bet mRNA, inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, and decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the spleen of mice with EAE. Furthermore, our results showed the role of baricitinib in suppressing the phosphorylation of STATs 1, 3, and 4 in the spleen of EAE mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates that baricitinib could potentially alleviate inflammation in mice with EAE and may be a promising candidate for treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Dang
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Oveland E, Ahmad I, Lereim RR, Kroksveen AC, Barsnes H, Guldbrandsen A, Myhr KM, Bø L, Berven FS, Wergeland S. Cuprizone and EAE mouse frontal cortex proteomics revealed proteins altered in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7174. [PMID: 33785790 PMCID: PMC8010076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two pathophysiological different experimental models for multiple sclerosis were analyzed in parallel using quantitative proteomics in attempts to discover protein alterations applicable as diagnostic-, prognostic-, or treatment targets in human disease. The cuprizone model reflects de- and remyelination in multiple sclerosis, and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, MOG1-125) immune-mediated events. The frontal cortex, peripheral to severely inflicted areas in the CNS, was dissected and analyzed. The frontal cortex had previously not been characterized by proteomics at different disease stages, and novel protein alterations involved in protecting healthy tissue and assisting repair of inflicted areas might be discovered. Using TMT-labelling and mass spectrometry, 1871 of the proteins quantified overlapped between the two experimental models, and the fold change compared to controls was verified using label-free proteomics. Few similarities in frontal cortex between the two disease models were observed when regulated proteins and signaling pathways were compared. Legumain and C1Q complement proteins were among the most upregulated proteins in cuprizone and hemopexin in the EAE model. Immunohistochemistry showed that legumain expression in post-mortem multiple sclerosis brain tissue (n = 19) was significantly higher in the center and at the edge of white matter active and chronic active lesions. Legumain was associated with increased lesion activity and might be valuable as a drug target using specific inhibitors as already suggested for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of legumain, C1q and hemopexin were not significantly different between multiple sclerosis patients, other neurological diseases, or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eystein Oveland
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
| | - Intakhar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Cathrine Kroksveen
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Mohammadzadeh A, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Babaloo Z, Shanehbandi D, Baghbani E, Baradaran B. Ruxolitinib attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development as animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Life Sci 2021; 276:119395. [PMID: 33781828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS STAT3 signaling is critical for Th17 development that plays an important role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and regulatory T cells effects of JAK1/2 and STAT3 inhibition, we assessed the JAK 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib effects on Th17 cell/Tregs balance. MAIN METHODS Ruxolitinib was administered to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice via oral gavage, and its effects were assessed. The expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-10, were analyzed by real-time PCR. The frequency of Th17 cells and Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry. KEY FINDING Ruxolitinib ameliorated the EAE severity and decreased the proportion of Th17 cells and inflammatory markers levels. In contrast, the balance of Tregs and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine were increased in ruxolitinib-treated mice. Furthermore, ruxolitinib markedly decreased the expression of Th17 related transcription factor, RORɣt, whereas FOXP3 expression associated with Treg differentiation was increased. SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that ruxolitinib may be a promising therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Activation of the IL-1β/KLF2/HSPH1 pathway promotes STAT3 phosphorylation in alveolar macrophages during LPS-induced acute lung injury. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222192. [PMID: 32091104 PMCID: PMC7056450 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lethal disease with diffuse lung inflammation, in which JAK/STAT3 signaling has been well recognized for its role in initiating and amplifying inflammatory processes. However, the mechanism for the enhancement and maintenance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation has not yet been clearly demonstrated in ALI. In the present work, we established a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model through intratracheal instillation and isolated the alveolar macrophages (AMs) from the rats in the model. We demonstrated that the expression of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) significantly decreased in the AMs from LPS-induced ALI rats (LPS-AMs) as compared with the AMs from control rats (NC-AMs). Overexpressing KLF2 in LPS-AMs inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and reduced the levels of STAT3 target genes, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 (MMP-2/9). Further investigation indicated that KLF2 trans-inhibited heat shock protein H1 (HSPH1), which interacted with STAT3 and enhanced its phosphorylation. As a crucial inflammatory mediator in ALI, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced the down-regulation of KLF2 in LPS-AMs, as interrupting IL-1β signaling in LPS-AMs by antibody neutralization or IL1R1 knockdown rescued the expression of KLF2. Consistently, stimulating NC-AMs with IL-1β decreased KLF2 and increased HSPH1, while overexpression of KLF2 suppressed IL-1β-induced HSPH1. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that treatment with an IL-1β antibody or HSPH1 inhibitor alleviated lung injury in ALI rats, as well as decreased the levels of p-STAT3 and MMP-2/9. In conclusion, activation of the IL-1β/KLF2/HSPH1 pathway facilitated STAT3 phosphorylation in AMs, which exacerbated pulmonary inflammation in ALI.
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Pignataro G, Cataldi M, Taglialatela M. Neurological risks and benefits of cytokine-based treatments in coronavirus disease 2019: from preclinical to clinical evidence. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2149-2174. [PMID: 33512003 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency and hyperinflammation are responsible for the most frequent and life-threatening forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, cytokine-based treatments targeting immuno-inflammatory mechanisms are currently undergoing clinical scrutiny in COVID-19-affected patients. In addition, COVID-19 patients also exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations (neuro-COVID), which may also benefit from cytokine-based treatments. In fact, such drugs have shown some clinical efficacy also in neuroinflammatory diseases. On the other hand, anti-cytokine drugs are endowed with significant neurological risks, mainly attributable to their immunodepressant effects. Therefore, the aim of the present manuscript is to briefly describe the role of specific cytokines in neuroinflammation, to summarize the efficacy in preclinical models of neuroinflammatory diseases of drugs targeting these cytokines and to review the clinical data regarding the neurological effects of these drugs currently being investigated against COVID-19, in order to raise awareness about their potentially beneficial and/or detrimental neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Emerging chemical scaffolds with potential SHP2 phosphatase inhibitory capabilities - A comprehensive review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:721-773. [PMID: 33191603 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery panorama is cluttered with promising therapeutic targets that have been deserted because of inadequate authentication and screening failures. Molecular targets formerly tagged as "undruggable" are nowadays being more cautiously cross-examined, and whilst they stay intriguing, numerous targets are emerging more accessible. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) excellently exemplifies a class of molecular targets that have transpired as druggable, with several small molecules and antibodies recently turned available for further development. In this respect, SHP2, a PTP, has emerged as one of the potential targets in the current pharmacological research, particularly for cancer, due to its critical role in various signalling pathways. Recently, few molecules with excellent potency have entered clinical trials, but none could reach the clinic. Consequently, search for novel, non-toxic, and specific SHP2 inhibitors are on purview. In this review, general aspects of SHP2 including its structure and mechanistic role in carcinogenesis have been presented. It also sheds light on the development of novel molecular architectures belonging to diverse chemical classes that have been proposed as SHP2-specific inhibitors along with their structure-activity relationships (SARs), stemming from chemical, mechanism-based and computer-aided studies reported since January 2015 to July 2020 (excluding patents), focusing on their potency and selectivity. The encyclopedic facts and discussions presented herein will hopefully facilitate researchers to design new ligands with better efficacy and selectivity against SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sushruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Qiao W, Zhang J, Qi Z. Baricitinib, a drug with potential effect to prevent SARS-COV-2 from entering target cells and control cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106749. [PMID: 32645632 PMCID: PMC7328558 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suddenly broke out in China and rapidly spread all over the world. Recently, a cell surface protein, known as angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), has been identified to be involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis for SARS-CoV-2 entry to the cells. Many studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19: sudden deterioration of disease around 1-2 weeks after onset; much lower level of lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood; extremely high pro-inflammatory cytokines and C reactive protein (CRP). About 15.7% of patients develop severe pneumonia, and cytokine storm is an important factor leading to rapid disease progression. Currently, there are no specific drugs for COVID-19 and the cytokine storm it causes. Baricitinib intracellularly inhibits the proinflammatory signal of several cytokines by suppressing Janus kinase (JAK) JAK1/JAK2. It has been demonstrated clinical benefits for the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), active systemic lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis with good efficacy and safety records. Baricitinib is expected to interrupt the passage and intracellular assembly of SARS-CoV-2 into the target cells mediated by ACE2 receptor, and treat cytokine storm caused by COVID-19. Several clinical trials are currently investigating the drug, and one of which has been completed with encouraging results. In this paper, we will elaborate the role of cytokine storm mediated by JAK-STAT pathway in severe COVID-19, the possible mechanisms of baricitinib on reducing the viral entry into the target cells and cytokine storm, the key points of pharmaceutical care based on the latest research reports, clinical trials progress and drug instruction from the US FDA, so as to provide reference for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi People's Hospital Attached to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Research Department, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Attached to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhen Qiao
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital Attached to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Lung Transplant Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Attached to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi People's Hospital Attached to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Choi DW, Jung SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Piperine Ameliorates Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms by Suppressing Th2-Mediated Immune Responses via Inhibition of STAT6 Phosphorylation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092186. [PMID: 32392825 PMCID: PMC7248773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease predominately related to Type 2 helper T (Th2) immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether piperine is able to improve AD symptoms using a trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced AD-like mouse model. Topical treatment with piperine reduced ear swelling (ear thickness and epidermal thickness) induced by TMA exposure. Furthermore, piperine inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in mouse ears, compared with the TMA-induced AD group. In measuring allergic immune responses in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), we found that IL-4 secretion, GATA3 mRNA level, and STAT6 phosphorylation were suppressed by piperine treatment. In an ex vivo study, piperine also inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 on the CD4+ T cells isolated from splenocytes of BALB/c mice, and piperine suppressed IL-4-induced CCL26 mRNA expression and STAT6 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes resulting in the inhibition of infiltration of CCR3+ cells into inflammatory lesions. These results demonstrate that piperine could ameliorate AD symptoms through suppression of Th2-mediated immune responses, including the STAT6/GATA3/IL-4 signaling pathway. Therefore, we suggest that piperine is an excellent candidate as an inhibitor of STAT6 and may help to improve AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea;
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Gil-Varea E, Spataro N, Villar LM, Tejeda-Velarde A, Midaglia L, Matesanz F, Malhotra S, Eixarch H, Patsopoulos N, Fernández Ó, Oliver-Martos B, Saiz A, Llufriu S, Ramió-Torrentà L, Quintana E, Izquierdo G, Alcina A, Bosch E, Navarro A, Montalban X, Comabella M. Targeted resequencing reveals rare variants enrichment in multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1308-1320. [PMID: 32196808 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified a number of common variants associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, little is known about the relevance of rare variants. Here, we aimed to explore the role of rare variants in 14 MS risk genes (FCRL1, RGS1, TIMMDC1, HHEX, CXCR5, LTBR, TSFM, GALC, TRAF3, STAT3, TNFSF14, IFI30, CD40, and CYP24A1) by targeted resequencing in an Iberian population of 524 MS cases and 546 healthy controls. Four rare variants-enriched regions within CYP24A1, FCRL1, RGS1, and TRAF3 were identified as significantly associated with MS. Functional studies revealed significantly decreased regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients with RGS1 rare variants compared to noncarriers, whereas no significant differences in gene expression were observed for CYP24A1, FCRL1, and TRAF3 between rare variants carriers and noncarriers. Immunophenotyping showed significant decrease in RGS1 expression in peripheral blood B lymphocytes from MS patients with RGS1 rare variants relative to noncarriers. Lastly, peripheral blood mononuclear cell from MS patients carrying RGS1 rare variants showed significantly lower induction of RGS1 gene expression by interferon-β compared to MS patients lacking RGS1 variants. The presence of rare variants in RGS1 reinforce the ideas of high genetic heterogeneity and a role of rare variants in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Gil-Varea
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nino Spataro
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Luisa María Villar
- Departments of Immunology and Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Tejeda-Velarde
- Departments of Immunology and Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana Midaglia
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sunny Malhotra
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Patsopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Óscar Fernández
- Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. UGC Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Oliver-Martos
- Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. UGC Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clinic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ester Quintana
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Reus, Spain
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.,Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), Barcelona, España.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Cataluña, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Center d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hong Q, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu L, Yan Z. Longxuetongluo capsule alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by regulating multiple signaling pathways in BV2 microglia cells. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:255-265. [PMID: 32134862 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longxuetongluo capsule (LTC), derived from the total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon's blood, is now used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in convalescence. The aim of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of LTC from the perspective of neuroinflammation. METHODS Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and LDH assay kit. Proinflammatory mediators and cytokines production including Nitric Oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2, (PGE2), interleukin (IL-β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. In addition, western blot was used to detect the expression of inflammatory proteins associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tranions (JAK/STAT), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related actor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathways. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed to determine the Nrf2 translocation and the binding-DNA activity of NF-κB, respectively. RESULTS LTC at 0.5 to 2 μg/mL significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH, NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia cells. Meanwhile, LTC not only decreased the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but also down-regulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and up-regulated HO-1 expression via nuclear translocation of Nrf2. LTC can significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK1/STAT3 and reduce the translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to nucleus as well as the binding-DNA activity. PC12 cell pretreated with LTC-condition medium (CM) significantly alleviated LPS-induced neurotoxicity and increased PC12 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The present study showed that LTC exhibited a strong antineuroinflammatory activity and neuroprotective effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hong
- The 71st Group Army Hospital of CPLA Army (Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
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Gil-Varea E, Fedetz M, Eixarch H, Spataro N, Villar LM, Urcelay E, Saiz A, Fernández Ó, Leyva L, Ramió-Torrentà L, Vandenbroeck K, Otaegui D, Castillo-Triviño T, Izquierdo G, Malhotra S, Bosch E, Navarro A, Alcina A, Montalban X, Matesanz F, Comabella M. A New Risk Variant for Multiple Sclerosis at 11q23.3 Locus Is Associated with Expansion of CXCR5+ Circulating Regulatory T Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030625. [PMID: 32110891 PMCID: PMC7141122 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis have contributed to the identification of more than 200 loci associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a proportion of MS heritability remains unknown. We aimed to uncover new genetic variants associated with MS and determine their functional effects. For this, we resequenced the exons and regulatory sequences of 14 MS risk genes in a cohort of MS patients and healthy individuals (n = 1070) and attempted to validate a selection of signals through genotyping in an independent cohort (n = 5138). We identified three new MS-associated variants at C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), Ts translation elongation factor, mitochondrial (TSFM) and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1). Rs10892307 resulted in a new signal at the CXCR5 region that explains one of the associations with MS within the locus. This polymorphism and three others in high linkage disequilibrium mapped within regulatory regions. Of them, rs11602393 showed allele-dependent enhancer activity in the forward orientation as determined by luciferase reporter assays. Immunophenotyping using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients associated the minor allele of rs10892307 with increased percentage of regulatory T cells expressing CXCR5. This work reports a new signal for the CXCR5 MS risk locus and points to rs11602393 as the causal variant. The expansion of CXCR5+ circulating regulatory T cells induced by this variant could cause its MS association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Gil-Varea
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (H.E.); (S.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Maria Fedetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (H.E.); (S.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Nino Spataro
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - Luisa María Villar
- Departments of Immunology and Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Urcelay
- Lab. of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Albert Saiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clinic and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Óscar Fernández
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (Ó.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Laura Leyva
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (Ó.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Department, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17190 Girona, Spain;
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | | | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Sunny Malhotra
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (H.E.); (S.M.); (X.M.)
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.B.); (A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 43200 Reus, Spain
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (E.B.); (A.N.)
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (H.E.); (S.M.); (X.M.)
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN-CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.F.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-958-181-668 (F.M.); +34-932-746-834 (M.C.); Fax: +34-932-746-084 (M.C.)
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (H.E.); (S.M.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-958-181-668 (F.M.); +34-932-746-834 (M.C.); Fax: +34-932-746-084 (M.C.)
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Xin P, Xu X, Deng C, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ma H, Wei D, Sun S. The role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106210. [PMID: 31972425 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an universally expressed intracellular signal transduction pathway and involved in many crucial biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. It provides a direct mechanism for extracellular factors-regulated gene expression. Current researches on this pathway have been focusing on the inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and related drug. The mechanism of JAK/STAT signaling is relatively simple. However, the biological consequences of the pathway are complicated due to its crosstalk with other signaling pathways. In addition, there is increasing evidence indicates that the persistent activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway is closely related to many immune and inflammatory diseases, yet the specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the detailed mechanisms of JAK/STAT signaling in disease formation to provide critical reference for clinical treatments of the diseases. In this review, we focus on the structure of JAKs and STATs, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its negative regulators, the associated diseases, and the JAK inhibitors for the clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chengjie Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuegang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Najing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Najing 211200, China
| | - Donghua Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shiqin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
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Lynn H, Sun X, Casanova N, Gonzales-Garay M, Bime C, Garcia JGN. Genomic and Genetic Approaches to Deciphering Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Risk and Mortality. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1027-1052. [PMID: 31016989 PMCID: PMC6939590 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, highly heterogeneous critical illness with staggering mortality that is influenced by environmental factors, such as mechanical ventilation, and genetic factors. Significant unmet needs in ARDS are addressing the paucity of validated predictive biomarkers for ARDS risk and susceptibility that hamper the conduct of successful clinical trials in ARDS and the complete absence of novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Recent Advances: The current ARDS definition relies on clinical characteristics that fail to capture the diversity of disease pathology, severity, and mortality risk. We undertook a comprehensive survey of the available ARDS literature to identify genes and genetic variants (candidate gene and limited genome-wide association study approaches) implicated in susceptibility to developing ARDS in hopes of uncovering novel biomarkers for ARDS risk and mortality and potentially novel therapeutic targets in ARDS. We further attempted to address the well-known health disparities that exist in susceptibility to and mortality from ARDS. Critical Issues: Bioinformatic analyses identified 201 ARDS candidate genes with pathway analysis indicating a strong predominance in key evolutionarily conserved inflammatory pathways, including reactive oxygen species, innate immunity-related inflammation, and endothelial vascular signaling pathways. Future Directions: Future studies employing a system biology approach that combines clinical characteristics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics may allow for a better definition of biologically relevant pathways and genotype-phenotype connections and result in improved strategies for the sub-phenotyping of diverse ARDS patients via molecular signatures. These efforts should facilitate the potential for successful clinical trials in ARDS and yield a better fundamental understanding of ARDS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Lynn
- Department of Physiological Sciences and University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Christian Bime
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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50
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Li J, Yin P, Gong P, Lv A, Zhang Z, Liu F. 8-Methoxypsoralen protects bovine mammary epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury via suppressing JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathway. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:427-437. [PMID: 31313848 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle. Bacterial infections are the main cause of mastitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major structural component of the cell wall of Escherichia coli, is a good inducer used to replicate inflammation models. 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), a formerly considered photosensitizing agent, has been used in immunotherapy. This study investigated the protective effects of 8-MOP on LPS-induced inflammatory injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). LPS treatment (50 μg/mL for 12 hr) caused a decrease in cell viability, morphological damage, and cell apoptosis. Pretreatment with 8-MOP at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml significantly attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in BMECs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the messenger RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-8) was suppressed by 8-MOP in LPS-stimulated BMECs. Western blot analysis showed that 8-MOP could also reduce the protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and promote the translocation of high-mobility group box 1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory property of 8-MOP was mediated by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation and STAT1 phosphorylation. Taken together, 8-MOP could protect cells from inflammatory injury induced by LPS, and may be a potential agent against bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - An Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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