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Choi DW, Jung SY, Lee SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Rosae multiflorae Fructus Extract Improves Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms. J Med Food 2020; 23:1287-1295. [PMID: 33185498 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), are closely linked to the activation of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using Rosae multiflorae fructus extract (RMFE) for AD treatment in the AD-like mouse model induced by treatment with trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Oral treatment of RMFE reduced the increase in ear thickness and suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression (interleukin [IL]-1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and Th2-associated immune responses (immunoglobulin [Ig] E and IL-4) in mouse ears. Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, in draining lymph nodes were decreased by RMFE. Furthermore, we found that RMFE increased the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through ERK and p38 pathways, reducing IL-2 production and CD4+ T cell proliferation, and inhibited STAT6 phosphorylation. Therefore, this study suggested that RMFE could be an effective treatment of AD induced by Th2-mediated immune responses by suppressing proliferation of CD4+ T cells via increased HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Food Biotechnology Program, KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
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Choi DW, Jung SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Piperine Ameliorates Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms by Suppressing Th2-Mediated Immune Responses via Inhibition of STAT6 Phosphorylation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092186. [PMID: 32392825 PMCID: PMC7248773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease predominately related to Type 2 helper T (Th2) immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether piperine is able to improve AD symptoms using a trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced AD-like mouse model. Topical treatment with piperine reduced ear swelling (ear thickness and epidermal thickness) induced by TMA exposure. Furthermore, piperine inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in mouse ears, compared with the TMA-induced AD group. In measuring allergic immune responses in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), we found that IL-4 secretion, GATA3 mRNA level, and STAT6 phosphorylation were suppressed by piperine treatment. In an ex vivo study, piperine also inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 on the CD4+ T cells isolated from splenocytes of BALB/c mice, and piperine suppressed IL-4-induced CCL26 mRNA expression and STAT6 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes resulting in the inhibition of infiltration of CCR3+ cells into inflammatory lesions. These results demonstrate that piperine could ameliorate AD symptoms through suppression of Th2-mediated immune responses, including the STAT6/GATA3/IL-4 signaling pathway. Therefore, we suggest that piperine is an excellent candidate as an inhibitor of STAT6 and may help to improve AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea;
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (D.W.C.); (S.Y.J.)
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jung SY, See HJ, Kwon DA, Choi DW, Lee SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Silkworm dropping extract regulates food allergy symptoms via inhibition of Th2-related responses in an ovalbumin-induced food allergy model. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:7008-7015. [PMID: 31435932 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm droppings have long been used in traditional medicine to remedy allergic itching, palsy, blood circulation problems, and arthritis in Asian countries. To investigate the anti-allergic effect of silkworm dropping extract (SDE) and its mechanism, we used a mouse model of food allergy induced by ovalbumin (OVA). RESULTS SDE ameliorated the symptoms of OVA-induced food allergies, and the levels of T helper 2 (Th2)-related cytokines [such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13] were found to be significantly decreased in both the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by SDE. Furthermore, SDE treatment directly inhibited OVA permeation, IL-4 production, and degranulation of mast cells; in contrast, immunoglobulin E (IgE) production from B cells was not affected. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SDE has potential anti-allergic activities, and SDE may be useful in the treatment/prevention of allergic disorders such as food allergies, serving as therapeutic agents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Joeng See
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Choi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bui TT, Kwon DA, Choi DW, Jung SY, Lee SY, Piao CH, Hyeon E, Fan Y, Yeon SH, Son RH, Shon DH, Song CH, Shin HS, Chai OH. Rosae multiflorae fructus extract and its four active components alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammatory responses via regulation of Th1/Th2 imbalance in BALB/c rhinitis mice. Phytomedicine 2019; 55:238-248. [PMID: 30668435 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosae Multiflorae fructus has potent antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. PURPOSE We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Rosae Multiflorae fructus extract (RMFE) on allergic inflammation in an allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model. METHODS Mice were sensitized and intranasally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), the Th1/Th2-related cytokines and histopathology were examinated after RMFE treatments. Primary cell culture from spleen and NALT was performed to evaluate RMFE effect on Th1/Th2 responses. Four active components of RMFE were determined using HPLC and then tested the inhibition on Th2 response. RESULTS Oral administration of RMFE inhibited the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and the nasal mucosa, goblet cells in the nasal epithelium, and mast cells in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity. Thus, the swelling of the nasal epithelium, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), and lung tissue were ameliorated. Furthermore, the RMFE suppressed Th2-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in NALF, NALT, and splenocytes, whereas the Th1-associated cytokine IL-12 was up-regulated by RMFE. We also revealed the active components of RMFE, such as ellagic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and miquelianin. They may inhibit IL-4 secretion in allergic responses. CONCLUSION RMFE may have therapeutic potential for treating AR by modulating the relationships between Th1/Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tho Bui
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biology & Environmental Science, University of Education, The University of Danang, Danang 555940, Vietnam
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea.; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Hyeon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanjing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hum Yeon
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Rak-Ho Son
- R&D Center, Huons. Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea.; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea..
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea..
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Choi DW, Kwon DA, Jung SK, See HJ, Jung SY, Shon DH, Shin HS. Silkworm dropping extract ameliorate trimellitic anhydride-induced allergic contact dermatitis by regulating Th1/Th2 immune response. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1531-1538. [PMID: 29806566 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1475210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease caused by hapten-specific immune response. Silkworm droppings are known to exert beneficial effects during the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we studied whether topical treatment and oral administration of silkworm dropping extract (SDE) ameliorate trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced ACD. In ACD mice model, SDE treatment significantly suppressed the increase in both ear thickness and serum IgE levels. Furthermore, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were reduced by SDE. In allergic responses, SDE treatment significantly attenuated the production of the Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 in both ear tissue and draining lymph nodes. However, it increased the production of the Th1-mediated cytokine IL-12. Thus, these results showed that SDE attenuated TMA-induced ACD symptoms through regulation of Th1/Th2 immune response. Taken together, we suggest that SDE treatment might be a potential agent in the prevention or therapy of Th2-mediated inflammatory skin diseases such as ACD and atopic dermatitis. ABBREVIATIONS ACD: allergic contact dermatitis; AD: atopic dermatitis; APC: antigen presenting cells; CCL: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CCR: C-C chemokine receptor; Dex: dexamethasone; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFN: interferon; Ig: immunoglobulin; IL: interleukin; OVA: ovalbumin; PS: prednisolone; SDE: silkworm dropping extract; Th: T helper; TMA: trimellitic anhydride; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woon Choi
- a Food Biotechnology Program , Korea University of Science and Technology , Republic of Korea.,b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- a Food Biotechnology Program , Korea University of Science and Technology , Republic of Korea.,c Division of Functional Food Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea.,e School of Food Science and Biotechnology , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- a Food Biotechnology Program , Korea University of Science and Technology , Republic of Korea.,b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Food Processing and Distribution , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- a Food Biotechnology Program , Korea University of Science and Technology , Republic of Korea.,b Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research , Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
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Jung SY, Lee SY, Choi DW, See HJ, Kwon DA, Do JR, Shon DH, Shin HS. Skullcap (Scutellaria Baicalensis) Hexane Fraction Inhibits the Permeation of Ovalbumin and Regulates Th1/2 Immune Responses. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111184. [PMID: 29143798 PMCID: PMC5707656 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is well known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. In our previous study, we found that skullcap could inhibit allergen permeation and regulate Th1/2 immune balance. To reveal the key fractions and components of skullcap, we fractionated skullcap extract into five fractions: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fraction. Among these fractions, the hexane fraction significantly suppressed the production of Th2-mediated cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 10 and 13) and increased Th1-mediated cytokines (Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12). Furthermore, the hexane fraction inhibited the permeation of ovalbumin (OVA), used as an allergen, across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. To confirm the active compounds in the hexane fraction, fatty acids were analyzed. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 (>59.7%)) was identified as the most important fatty acid in the skullcap hexane fraction. LA significantly suppressed IL-4 production and increased IFN-γ secretion, as well as inhibiting OVA permeation. Thus, LA significantly diminished the permeation of allergen by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulated allergic responses to maintain Th1/Th2 immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - So-Young Lee
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ryong Do
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
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Lee JO, Sung D, Park SH, Lee J, Kim J, Shon DH, Ahn K, Han Y. Effect of acid treatment on allergenicity of peanut and egg. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2116-2121. [PMID: 27571929 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many food experts have studied various treatments or processing techniques in order to develop hypoallergenic foods. In a previous study, acid treatment dramatically mitigated the allergenicity of peanut, especially Ara h 2. RESULTS Gel electrophoresis showed that most protein bands of acid-treated peanut were not detected, but protein bands of egg white became weaker and broader by acid treatment. In immunoblotting using a rabbit antibody, the antigenicity against ovalbumin or ovomucoid in acid-treated egg white was decreased but the antigenicity against Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 in peanut treated with pH 2 acetic acid was completely undetected. The allergenicity of ovalbumin and peanut fell significantly to 1/1022 and 1/5380, respectively, when measured as IC50 in the sample treated with pH 2.0 acetic acid. CONCLUSION This study showed that acid treatment was more effective in peanut and barely effective in ovomucoid. This may contribute to the development of hypoallergenic food and clinical management of food allergy. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ok Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Hwa Park
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngshin Han
- Department of Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Piao CH, Bui TT, Song CH, Shin HS, Shon DH, Chai OH. Trigonella foenum-graecum alleviates airway inflammation of allergic asthma in ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1284-1288. [PMID: 27939889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum, a member oldest medicinal plant in the fabaceae (legumes) family, is used as a herb, spice, and vegetable, and known for its olfactory, laxative, and galactogogue effects. However, the inhibitory effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum on allergic inflammatory response remains unclear, therefore, we investigated the precise role of Trigonella foenum-graecum in the allergic asthma and revealed the effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum in regulating airway inflammation and its possible mechanism. Allergic asthma was initiated in BALB/c mice by sensitized with OVA emulsified in aluminum on days 1 and 14, then aerosol challenged with OVA on days 27, 28 and 29. Some mice were administered Trigonella foenum-graecum by oral gavage before challenge. Then mice were evaluated for the presence of airway inflammation, production of allergen-specific cytokine response and lung pathology. Trigonella foenum-graecum significantly ameliorated the number of inflammatory cells in BALF and alleviated lung inflammation. It also reduced the collagen deposition and goblet cells. Meanwhile, Trigonella foenum-graecum treatment evidently decreased the high expression of Th2 cytokines and increased the Th1 cytokines in BALF and lung homogenates. Trigonella foenum-graecum showed a significant inhibition of serum IgE and anti-OVA IgG1. In this study, our data suggest that Trigonella foenum-graecum has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and it may prove to be an efficacious therapeutic regent on allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Tho Bui
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea; Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Bae JS, Han M, Shin HS, Shon DH, Lee ST, Shin CY, Lee Y, Lee DH, Chung JH. Lycopersicon esculentum Extract Enhances Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aged Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:E679. [PMID: 27792185 PMCID: PMC5133067 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in adult neurogenesis is associated with the aging process, and this decrease is closely related to memory impairment. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a fruit with diverse bioactive nutrients that is consumed worldwide. In this study, we investigated the cognition-enhancing effect of tomato ethanolic extracts (TEE) in aged mice. Six weeks of oral TEE administration in 12-month-old aged mice significantly increased their exploration time of novel objects when compared to vehicle-treated mice. The TEE supplement increased doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) expression in mice hippocampus. Moreover, we found an increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and subsequently-activated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP response element binding (CREB) signaling pathway in the TEE-supplemented mice hippocampus. In conclusion, the oral administration of TEE exhibits a cognition-enhancing effect, and the putative underlying mechanism is the induction of BDNF signaling-mediated proliferation and synapse formation in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that TEE could be a candidate for treatment of age-related memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Mira Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Chang-Yup Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- SNU Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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10
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Shin HS, Shon DH. Food and Natural Materials Target Mechanisms to Effectively Regulate Allergic Responses. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 61 Suppl:S109-11. [PMID: 26598817 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.s109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An immune hypersensitivity disorder called allergy is caused by diverse allergens entering the body via skin contact, injection, ingestion, and/or inhalation. These allergic responses may develop into allergic disorders, including inflammations such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis, food allergies, and allergic rhinitis. Several drugs have been developed to treat these allergic disorders; however, long-term intake of these drugs could have adverse effects. As an alternative to these medicines, food and natural materials that ameliorate allergic disorder symptoms without producing any side effects can be consumed. Food and natural materials can effectively regulate successive allergic responses in an allergic chain-reaction mechanism in the following ways: [1] Inhibition of allergen permeation via paracellular diffusion into epithelial cells, [2] suppression of type 2 T-helper (Th) cell-related cytokine production by regulating Th1/Th2 balance, [3] inhibition of pathogenic effector CD4(+) T cell differentiation by inducing regulatory T cells (Treg), and [4] inhibition of degranulation in mast cells. The immunomodulatory effects of food and natural materials on each target mechanism were scientifically verified and shown to alleviate allergic disorder symptoms. Furthermore, consumption of certain food and natural materials such as fenugreek, skullcap, chitin/chitosan, and cheonggukjang as anti-allergics have merits such as safety (no adverse side effects), multiple suppressive effects (as a mixture would contain various components that are active against allergic responses), and ease of consumption when required. These merits and anti-allergic properties of food and natural materials help control various allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute
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11
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Song CH, Bui TT, Piao CH, Shin HS, Shon DH, Han EH, Kim HT, Chai OH. Rosae Multiflorae Fructus Hot Water Extract Inhibits a Murine Allergic Asthma Via the Suppression of Th2 Cytokine Production and Histamine Release from Mast Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:853-9. [PMID: 27574849 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions are involved in many allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. In Korea, where it has been used as a traditional medicine, Rosae Multiflorae fructus (RMF) is known to have potent antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities and to have no obvious acute toxicity. However, its specific effect on asthma is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether or not RMF hot water extracts (RMFW) could inhibit ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma and evaluated compound 48/80-induced mast cell activation to elucidate the mechanisms of asthma inhibition by RMFW. Oral administration of RMFW decreased the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the lungs of mice challenged by OVA and downregulated histological changes such as eosinophil infiltration, mucus accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen fiber deposits. In addition, RMFW significantly reduced T helper 2 cytokines, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6 levels in the BAL fluid of mice challenged by OVA. Moreover, RMFW suppressed compound 48/80-induced rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation and inhibited histamine release from mast cells induced by compound 48/80 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that RMFW may act as an antiallergic agent by inhibitingTh2 cytokine production from Th2 cells and histamine release from mast cells, and could be used as a therapy for patients with Th2-mediated or mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Song
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Tho Bui
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- 3 Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,4 Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- 3 Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,5 Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyeog Han
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chung MY, Shin HS, Choi DW, Shon DH. Citrus Tachibana
Leaf Extract Mitigates Symptoms of Food Allergy by Inhibiting Th2-Associated Responses. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1537-45. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Div. of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Inst; Seongnam 463-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program; Korea Univ. of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Div. of Creative Food Science for Health; Korea Food Research Inst; Seongnam 463-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Food Biotechnology Program; Korea Univ. of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
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13
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Chung MY, Hwang JT, Kim JH, Shon DH, Kim HK. Sarcodon aspratus Extract Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mouse Colon and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1301-8. [PMID: 27074537 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been previously investigated for their immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties. We examined whether the anti-inflammatory properties of Sarcodon aspratus ethanol extract (SAE) could elicit protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. Male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: control (CON; n = 8), DSS-treated (DSS; n = 9), DSS+SAE at 50 mg/kg BW (SAE50; n = 8), and DSS+SAE at 200 mg/kg BW groups (SAE200; n = 9). DSS treatment induced significant weight loss, which was significantly recovered by SAE200. Although SAE did not affect DSS-mediated reductions in colon length, it improved diarrhea and rectal bleeding induced by DSS. SAE at 200 mg/kg BW significantly attenuated IL-6 and enhanced IL-10 expression in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and significantly reduced IL-6 levels in splenocytes. SAE200 also significantly attenuated DSS-induced increase in IL-6 and IL-1β, and reductions in IL-10 in colon tissue. High levels of SAE were also observed to significantly decrease inflammatory COX-2 expression that was upregulated by DSS in mice colon. These findings may have relevance for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate inflammatory bowel disease-relevant inflammatory responses, via the direct and indirect anti-inflammatory activity of SAE. We also found that SAE harbors significant quantities of total fiber and β-glucan, suggesting a possible role for these components in protection against DSS-mediated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ku Kim
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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14
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Shin HS, See HJ, Jung SY, Choi DW, Kwon DA, Bae MJ, Sung KS, Shon DH. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) attenuates food allergy symptoms by regulating type 1/type 2 helper T cells (Th1/Th2) balance in a mouse model of food allergy. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:21-29. [PMID: 26342520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has traditionally been used to treat pain, fever, allergic and inflammatory diseases such as bronchitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. In particular, turmeric and its active component, curcumin, were effective in ameliorating immune disorders including allergies. However, the effects of turmeric and curcumin have not yet been tested on food allergies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were immunized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) and alum. The mice were orally challenged with 50mg OVA, and treated with turmeric extract (100mg/kg), curcumin (3mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) for 16 days. Food allergy symptoms including decreased rectal temperature, diarrhea, and anaphylaxis were evaluated. In addition, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS Turmeric significantly attenuated food allergy symptoms (decreased rectal temperature and anaphylactic response) induced by OVA, but curcumin showed weak improvement. Turmeric also inhibited IgE, IgG1, and mMCP-1 levels increased by OVA. Turmeric reduced type 2 helper cell (Th2)-related cytokines and enhanced a Th1-related cytokine. Turmeric ameliorated OVA-induced food allergy by maintaining Th1/Th2 balance. Furthermore, turmeric was confirmed anti-allergic effect through promoting Th1 responses on Th2-dominant immune responses in immunized mice. CONCLUSION Turmeric significantly ameliorated food allergic symptoms in a mouse model of food allergy. The turmeric as an anti-allergic agent showed immune regulatory effects through maintaining Th1/Th2 immune balance, whereas curcumin appeared immune suppressive effects. Therefore, we suggest that administration of turmeric including various components may be useful to ameliorate Th2-mediated allergic disorders such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seung Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Jung SK, Choi DW, Kwon DA, Kim MJ, Seong KS, Shon DH. Oral Administration of Achyranthis radix Extract Prevents TMA-induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Regulating Th2 Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Vivo. Molecules 2015; 20:21584-96. [PMID: 26633349 PMCID: PMC6331862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains a major skin disease in many countries, necessitating the discovery of novel and effective anti-ACD agents. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of Achyranthis radix extract (AcRE) on trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced dermatitis and the potential mechanism of action involved. Oral administration of AcRE and prednisolone (PS) significantly suppressed TMA-induced increases in ear and epidermal thickness, and IgE expression. In addition, abnormal expression of IL-1β and TNF-α protein and mRNA was also significantly attenuated by oral administration of AcRE. Treatment with AcRE also significantly suppressed TMA-induced IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines and mRNA expression in vivo. Moreover, AcRE strongly suppressed TMA-induced IL-4 and IL-5 production in draining lymph nodes, as well as OVA-induced IL-4 and IL-5 expression in primary cultured splenocytes. Interestingly, AcRE suppressed IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in both primary cultured splenocytes and HaCaT cells, and TMA-induced GATA3 mRNA expression ex vivo. AcRE also suppressed TMA-mediated CCL11 and IL-4-induced CCL26 mRNA expression and infiltration of CCR3 positive cells. The major compounds from AcRE were identified as gentisic acid (0.64 ± 0.2 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), protocatechuic acid (2.69 ± 0.1 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5.59 ± 0.3 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), caffeic acid (4.21 ± 0.1 μg/g dry weight of AcRE), and ferulic acid (14.78 ± 0.4 ± 0.3 μg/g dry weight of AcRE). Taken together, these results suggest that AcRE has potential for development as an agent to prevent and treat allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Jung
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Da-Ae Kwon
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Ki Seung Seong
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 13539, Korea.
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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16
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, See HJ, Kim YT, Do JR, Back SY, Choi SW, Shon DH. Enhancing Effect of Trachelogenin from Trachelospermi caulis Extract on Intestinal Barrier Function. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1707-13. [PMID: 26268064 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trachelospermi caulis is used widely as an herbal medicine in oriental countries to attenuate fever and pain. We wished to reveal the novel function of this herb and its active component on barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were used to evaluate the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantity of permeated ovalbumin (OVA) as indices of barrier function. T. caulis increased TEER values on cell monolayers and decreased OVA permeation across cell monolayers. To ascertain the active component of T. caulis, the extract was isolated to five fractions, and the effect of each of these fractions on intestinal barrier function examined. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions contained mainly trachelogenin and its glycoside, tracheloside. Trachelogenin increased TEER values and decreased OVA flux by enhancing the tight-junction protein occludin (but not tracheloside) in Caco-2 monolayers. These findings demonstrated that trachelogenin, an active component of T. caulis, might help to attenuate food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease through inhibition of allergen permeation or enhancement of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute
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17
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Sung DE, Lee J, Han Y, Shon DH, Ahn K, Oh S, Do JR. Erratum: Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis of buckwheat protein on antigenicity and allergenicity. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:724. [PMID: 25487744 PMCID: PMC4252534 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Eun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeongok Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Youngshin Han
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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18
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Cho J, Lee JO, Choi J, Park MR, Shon DH, Kim J, Ahn K, Han Y. Significance of 40-, 45-, and 48-kDa Proteins in the Moderate-to-Severe Clinical Symptoms of Buckwheat Allergy. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 7:37-43. [PMID: 25553261 PMCID: PMC4274468 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the allergen components and moderate-to-severe allergic reactions in patients with buckwheat allergy. METHODS Fifteen patients with a history of buckwheat ingestion and a buckwheat specific IgE level≥0.35 kU/L were enrolled. They were divided into 2 groups according to clinical severity scores, with 0-1 being asymptomatic-to-mild and 2-4 being moderate-to-severe symptoms. Immunoblotting was performed to investigate IgE reactivity toward buckwheat allergens and to measure intensity of each component by using a reflective densitometer. RESULTS The proportions of positive band to the 16 kDa (62.5% vs 0%, P=0.026) and 40-50 kDa (87.5% vs 28.6%, P=0.041) buckwheat allergens in the grade 2-4 group were higher than those in grade 0-1 group. The level of buckwheat specific IgE of grade 2-4 group was higher than that of grade 0-1 group (41.3 kU/L vs 5.5 kU/L, P=0.037). The median optical densities (ODs) of IgE antibody binding to 40-50 kDa protein were higher in the grade 2-4 group, compared with those in the grade 0-1 group (130% OD vs 60.8% OD, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS The 40-50 kDa protein is implicated as an important allergen to predict moderate-to-severe clinical symptoms in Korean children with buckwheat allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongbum Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea. ; Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngshin Han
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Sung DE, Lee J, Han Y, Shon DH, Ahn K, Oh S, Do JR. Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis of buckwheat protein on antigenicity and allergenicity. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:278-83. [PMID: 24944772 PMCID: PMC4058561 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Due to its beneficial health effects, use of buckwheat has shown a continuous increase, and concerns regarding the allergic property of buckwheat have also increased. This study was conducted for evaluation of the hydrolytic effects of seven commercial proteases on buckwheat allergens and its allergenicity. MATERIALS/METHODS Extracted buckwheat protein was hydrolyzed by seven proteolytic enzymes at individual optimum temperature and pH for four hours. Analysis was then performed using SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and competitive inhibition ELISA (ciELISA) with rabbit antiserum to buckwheat protein, and direct ELISA with pooled serum of 21 buckwheat-sensitive patients. RESULTS Alkaline protease, classified as serine peptidase, was most effective in reducing allergenicity of buckwheat protein. It caused decomposition of the whole buckwheat protein, as shown on SDS-PAGE, and results of immunoblotting showed that the rabbit antiserum to buckwheat protein no longer recognized it as an antigen. Allergenicity showed a decrease of more than 50% when pooled serum of patients was used in ELISA. Two proteolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. could not hydrolyze buckwheat allergens effectively, and the allergenicity even appeared to increase. CONCLUSIONS Serine-type peptidases appeared to show a relatively effective reduction of buckwheat allergenicity. However, the antigenicity measured using rabbit antiserum did not correspond to the allergenicity measured using sera from human patients. Production of less allergenic buckwheat protein may be possible using enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Eun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jeongok Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Youngshin Han
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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20
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, Shon DH. Preventive effects of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract in a mouse model of food allergy. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153:667-673. [PMID: 24637193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Food allergy, which accompanies acute symptoms such as pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethal anaphylactic shock is an increasing clinical problem. Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammation, cancer, and allergy, but its effects in treating food allergy are not yet known. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine the effect of skullcap on food allergy, female BALB/c mice were sensitized with 20 μg OVA and 2mg alum by intraperitoneal injection on day 0. From day 17, mice were orally challenged with OVA (50 mg) in saline every 3 days, for a total of six times. To investigate the preventive effect, skullcap (25 mg/kg) was orally administered every day from day 17 to 34. RESULTS Food allergy symptoms were evaluated by the criteria for diarrhea, anaphylactic response, and rectal temperature. Severe symptoms of food allergy were observed in the sham group (diarrhea, 3 points; anaphylactic response, 2.6 points; rectal temperature, -8.36 °C. In contrast, the skullcap treatment group had a significantly suppressed OVA-induced anaphylactic response (1.3 points) and rectal temperature (-4.76°C). Moreover, both OVA-specific IgE, Th17 cytokine (IL-17), and Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13), which increased with food allergy, were significantly inhibited by skullcap treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the administration of skullcap attenuates OVA-induced food allergy symptoms through regulating systemic immune responses of Th cells. These results indicate that skullcap may be a potential candidate as a preventive agent for food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea.
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Song CH, Zhang X, Chai OH, Shon DH, Lim JM, Kim IS, Han EH, Kim HT. Role of mast cells in a chronic murine asthma model (HYP3P.348). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.54.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mast cells are thought to be important in the cause of allergic diseases, but the role of mast cells in the airway remodeling of chronic long-term asthma remains controversial. In this study, using the mast cell “nock in” strategy to get the mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice (W/Wv) selectively reconstituted bone marrow-cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) from normal congenic wild-type mice (+/+) (+/+ BMCMCs→W/Wv mice), mice were employed to study the roles of mast cell in a murine asthma model. The mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with OVA for 14 weeks. The mice were assessed airway reactivity by PenH. The lungs and trachea were stained with H-E for pathologic alteration, toluidine blue for mast cell, congo red for eosinophil, PAS for goblet cell and Masson’s-trichrome for fibrosis. Mast cells were not observed in the lungs of control and OVA-sensitized and challenged W/WV mice, but OVA-sensitization and challenge increased mast cell number in +/+ mice and +/+BMCMCs→W/Wv mice. OVA-sensitization and challenge could enhance airway reactivity, pathologic alteration, eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia and fibrosis in +/+ mice. The pathologic changes of OVA treated W/Wv mice were less than that of +/+ mice, but +/+BMCMCs→W/Wv mice could restore the reaction to OVA-sensitization and challenge of +/+ mice. These results indicate that the mast cell play an important role in the OVA-induced chronic murine asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Song
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- 2Anatomy, Medical College of Henan University of, Luoyang, China
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- 3Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lim
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Seong Kim
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyeog Han
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Tae Kim
- 1Anatomy, Chonuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Choi DW, Shon DH. Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract and its active compound, wogonin, inhibit ovalbumin-induced Th2-mediated response. Molecules 2014; 19:2536-45. [PMID: 24566319 PMCID: PMC6271178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient and traditional herbal medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of skullcap and its active compounds, focusing on T cell-mediated responses ex vivo and in vivo. Splenocytes from mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were isolated for analyses of cytokine production and cell viability. Mice sensitized with OVA were orally administered skullcap or wogonin for 16 days, and then immunoglobulin (Ig) and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Treatment with skullcap significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-4 production without reduction of cell viability. Moreover, wogonin, but not baicalin and baicalein, suppressed IL-4 and interferon-gamma production. In vivo, skullcap and wogonin downregulated OVA-induced Th2 immune responses, especially IgE and IL-5 prediction. Wogonin as an active component of skullcap may be applied as a therapeutic agent for IgE- and IL-5-mediated allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Woon Choi
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea.
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, See HJ, Chai OH, Shon DH. Cheonggukjang ethanol extracts inhibit a murine allergic asthma via suppression of mast cell-dependent anaphylactic reactions. J Med Food 2014; 17:142-9. [PMID: 24456365 PMCID: PMC3901352 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a traditional Korean fermented soybean food, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Asthma is the most common chronic allergic disease to be associated with immune response to environmental allergens. In the pathogenesis of asthma, histamine is one of the important inflammatory mediators released from granules of mast cells. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of CGJ on a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma via the suppression of histamine release. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA or a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control and then challenged with OVA inhalation. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with either 70% ethanol-extracted CGJ (CGJE) (100 mg/kg/day) or equivalent PBS. Asthma-related inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts and histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. To elucidate the mechanisms of asthma inhibition by CGJE treatment, we also examined degranulation and histamine release of compound 48/80-induced rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Treatment with CGJE downregulated the number of eosinophils and monocytes in the lungs of mice challenged with OVA and suppressed histopathological changes, such as eosinophil infiltration, mucus accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen fiber deposits. Moreover, CGJE alleviated compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from RPMCs through inhibition of calcium (Ca²⁺) uptake as well as ear swelling by infiltration of inflammatory cells. These findings demonstrated that CGJE can be used as an antiasthmatic dietary supplements candidate for histamine-mediated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong See
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Hwang I, Choi D, See H, Lim SI, Kim W, Chung IS, Shon DH. Development of an oral immunoadjuvant from cheonggukjang that is efficacious for both mucosal and systemic immunity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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25
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Chai OH, Han JG, Shon DH. Inhibitory effect of unicellular green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) water extract on allergic immune response. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3133-3136. [PMID: 23426977 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorella is used as a functional food in East Asia and has been shown to enhance immune system function. However, there has been no direct evidence of the suppressive effect of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CVE) on histamine-mediated allergic responses. RESULTS The antihistamine activity of CVE was analysed using rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) stimulated by compound 48/80. For in vivo verification, ovalbumin (OVA)-immunised BALB/c mice were treated with CVE orally. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and splenocyte cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CVE prevented histamine release through degranulation of mast cells by blocking the uptake of extracellular Ca²⁺ into RPMCs. Moreover, CVE administration inhibited serum IgE overproduction by OVA via induction of T helper 1 (Th1) skewing that was dependent on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion. CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly demonstrate that CVE acts as an antiallergic dietary agent by suppressing histamine release via its enhancive effect on Th1-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Kim EK, Kim J, Shon DH. Oral administration of chitin and chitosan prevents peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine food allergy model. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:164-8. [PMID: 23806320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is IgE-mediated type-I hypersensitivity, and T helper 2 cytokines are central to those pathogenesis. We investigated the effects of the administration of chitin and chitosan on peanut-induced hypersensitivities in mouse food allergy models. Chitin and chitosan protected mice against peanut-induced anaphylaxis reactions, and the peanut-specific IgE production decreased by up to 47% with the administration of β-chitosan. The levels of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 were significantly suppressed in all groups (α-chitin≥β-chitin≥β-chitosan). These results suggested that the administration of chitin and chitosan from by-products of food processing are beneficial for the prevention of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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27
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Chai OH, Shon DH, Han EH, Kim HT, Song CH. Effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides on IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:419-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Hwang I, Choi D, See H, Kim W, Chung IS, Shon DH. Beneficial effects of the mixed adjuvant of CpG plus monophosphoryl lipid a in immunization with a recombinant protein vaccine for hepatitis A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-2398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shin HS, Bae MJ, Jung SY, Shon DH. Inhibitory effect of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract on ovalbumin permeation in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem 2013; 140:22-30. [PMID: 23578610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient. The purpose of this study was to reveal novel function of skullcap and its mechanism on allergen permeation in intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of skullcap on ovalbumin (OVA) permeation by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the quantity of permeated OVA. TEER increased and the OVA flux decreased in a dose-dependent manner through up-regulating tight junction-related proteins in cells incubated with increasing concentrations of skullcap extract. In the in vivo study, the amounts of OVA from orally ingested albumen reduced on administration of the skullcap extract. We also revealed for the first time that the active component of skullcap extract for inhibition of OVA permeation was baicalein. These findings demonstrated that skullcap extract might attenuate a food allergic response by inhibiting allergen permeation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Bae MJ, Shin HS, Choi DW, Shon DH. Antiallergic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extracts on allergic skin inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride in BALB/c mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144:514-522. [PMID: 23036811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) has a wide variety of therapeutic properties for allergic and inflammatory diseases and is used as a traditional functional food, but its antiallergenic mechanism in these diseases is yet to be clearly elucidated. AIM In the present study, we investigated the antiallergic activity of fenugreek extract using trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mice in vivo and ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized BALB/c mice ex vivo as represented model of T-helper (Th) 2-induced allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were administered 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) of fenugreek extract for 7 days after sensitization and challenge treatment with 2-5% TMA. Ear thickness were noted, and the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells was investigated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The supernatants from homogenized ear and splenocytes were used for cytokine determination using ELISA. In addition, splenocytes from OVA-immunized BALB/c mice were treated with fenugreek extract ex vivo. The levels of cytokines present in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of T-box transcription factor 21 gene (T-bet), GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-4 were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Fenugreek extract was found to reduce ear thickness as well as the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells. In homogenized ear, the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-1β was suppressed. To determine the mechanism by which fenugreek extract inhibits allergic skin inflammation, detailed studies were conducted revealing that fenugreek extract prevented differentiation into Th2 cells in the splenocytes of OVA-induced allergic mice, resulting from suppressing the secretion of IL-4 and mRNA expression of GATA-3, an IL-4 transcription factor. In earlier phase, these extracts enhanced the secretion of IFN-γ, the mRNA expression of T-bet, an IFN-γ transcription factor, and the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fenugreek extract cures Th2-induced allergic skin inflammation by enhancing Th1 differentiation. These data suggest that fenugreek extracts may prove to be an useful therapeutic agent on allergic inflammatory diseases as traditional use as well as Th2-mediated allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Bae
- Functional Materials Research Group, Division of Metabolism & Functionality Research Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62, Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Kyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Park HJ, Shin HJ, Shon DH, Kim DH, Youn HS. Suppression of TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of toll-like receptors by allyl isothiocyanate in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:403-7. [PMID: 22668719 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a significant role in the induction of innate immune responses that are essential for host defense against invading microbial pathogens. In general, TLRs have two major downstream signaling pathways: myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent pathways. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) found in cruciferous vegetables has an effect on treatment of many chronic diseases. However, the exact molecular targets of AITC are still unidentified. Here, it was investigated whether AITC can modulate TLR signaling pathways and what is the molecular target of AITC in TLRs signaling pathways. AITC suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), but not by macrophage-activating lipopeptide of 2kDa (MALP-2) or cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG DNA). AITC also suppressed the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the expression of interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) induced by LPS or poly[I:C]. These results suggest that AITC can modulate TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLRs leading to decreased inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Korea
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Shon DH, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Kwak BY. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hen's Egg Proteins in Processed Foods. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chung HY, Yoo KH, Hwang-Bo J, Chung HY, Kim KI, Kim JB, Shon DH, Kim W, Chung IS. Development of transgenic plants expressing hepatitis A virus VP1. J Biosci Bioeng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park JW, Kim EK, Shon DH, Kim YB. Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A in barley and corn foods from Korea. Food Addit Contam 2002; 19:1073-80. [PMID: 12456279 DOI: 10.1080/02652030210151840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A survey for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) was conducted on 127 samples that included 30 food-grade barley, 32 barley foods, 18 food-grade corn and 47 corn foods, randomly collected during 1998-99 in Seoul, Korea. The presence of mycotoxins was analysed by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and most of the positive samples from ELISA were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Recoveries of AFB1 and OTA spiked at 10 ng g(-1) and FB1 spiked at 50 ng g(-1) were 106, 87 and 105% by ELISA, whereas those by HPLC were 80, 79 and 84%, respectively. Detection limits by ELISA for AFB1, FB1 and OTA were 1, 5 and 5 ng g(-1), and those by HPLC were 0.6, 35 and 1 ng g(-1). Naturally occurring AFB1, FB1 and OTA were found in 4/32 (12%), 2/32(6%) and 4/32 (12%) samples of barley foods with an average of 26, 16 and 9 ng g(-1), respectively. AFB1 and FB1 in corn foods were detected in 4/47 (8%) and 9/47 (19%) samples with the average being 20 and 74 ng g(-1), while no OTA was found in any corn foods samples. No AFB1, FB1 or OTA was detected in any of food-grade barley and corn samples. This is the first report on the natural co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB1 in barley and corn foods as well as on surveillance of OTA in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
Seventy-six corn-based foods collected in Seoul, Korea, including corn flakes, corn snack, cornstarch, corn for popping, roasted corn for tea, canned sweet corn and other corn products were analysed for the occurrence of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average recoveries of FB(1) from the corn flakes sample in the range 5-1000 ng g(-1) were 104% by dcELISA and 82% by HPLC. The limits of detection were approximately 5 ng g(-1) by dcELISA and 20 ng g(-1) by HPLC. The incidences and mean levels of FB were 73.3, 78.6, 50, 58.3, 17.6 and 40% and 41.8, 67.9, 114, 256, 172 and 22 ng g(-1) from corn flakes, corn snack, corn starch, corn for popping, roasted corn for tea and other corn products, respectively, by dcELISA. No FB(1) was found in canned sweet corn. The results obtained by dcELISA were correlated to those by HPLC for FB(1) (r(2) = 0.992). This is the first report on the occurrence of FB(1) in corn-based foods in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Sungbuk-gu, Anam-dong 5-1, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
The presence of zearalenone (ZEN) in Korean foods such as barley, barley-based foods, corn, corn-based foods, fruits and vegetables was investigated by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and the liquid chromatography (LC) method. A total of 164 samples was collected from Seoul, Korea, in 1998 and 1999 including 30 barley, 32 barley-based foods, 18 corn, 47 corn-based foods, 19 dried red pepper, nine dried jujube, and nine dried persimmon. Average recoveries of ZEN from barley and corn by dcELISA were 138 and 145%, and by LC were 91 and 83% respectively at spiking levels of 5-500 ngg(-1). The detection limit for ZEN was 3 ng g(-1) by dcELISA and 4 ngg(-1) by LC. From 164 samples analysed, ZEN was found by dcELISA in 35 samples (21%) with a mean level of 30 ng g(-1). Barley-based foods had the highest incidence of ZEN (38%) followed by barley (33%), corn-based foods (26%) and corn (22%). No ZEN was detected in any red pepper, jujube or persimmon samples. A high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.86) was observed between the 35 positive samples detected by dcELISA and 31 samples by LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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37
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Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was found in 35 of 60 (58.3%) meju samples with an average concentration of 7.3 ng/g by ELISA. Contamination of AFB1 was confirmed in 25 of 60 samples (41.6%) using HPLC, with an average concentration of 6.9 ng/g. Mean recoveries from meju ranged from 107% to 170% for AFB1 using ELISA at a spiking range of 1 to 50 ng/g. Over the same range, recoveries using HPLC were from 70% to 83%. The levels of AFB1 determined by ELISA and by HPLC demonstrated a close relationship between the two methods (r2 = 0.9324) employed in this study. In order to evaluate the potential health risks of AFB1 on Koreans consuming meju, we calculated the estimated probable daily intake (PDI) based on the average contamination levels and compared it with the estimated tolerable daily intake (TDI). The PDIs of AFB1 from kanjang and dwenjang were determined to be 0.04 and 0.21 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, and were higher than TDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Kim
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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38
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Abstract
In order to detect chitooligosaccharides (COS), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. A chitooligosaccharide mixture (COSM) conjugated to bovine serum albumin was used to immunize rabbits to produce an anti-COS polyclonal antibody. By use of specific antibody and COSM-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, we established a competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) the detection limit of which was about 0.1 microg/ml. In the cdELISA, the cross-reactivities of the specific antibody toward glucosamine, chitobiose, chitotriose, chitotetraose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose were 0.27, 27, 75, 75, 144, and 100%, respectively, and those toward N-acetylchitobiose, N-acetylchitotriose, N-acetylchitotetraose, N-acetylchitopentaose, and N-acetylchitohexaose were 1.58, 0.005, 1.08, 0.05, and 0.40%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kim EK, Shon DH, Ryu D, Park JW, Hwang HJ, Kim YB. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17:59-64. [PMID: 10793855 DOI: 10.1080/026520300283595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in pasteurized milk and dairy products was investigated by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recoveries of AFM1 from the samples spiked at levels between 5 and 500 pg/ml were 88.0-106.5% for pasteurized milk and 84.0-94.0% for yoghurt by ELISA. By HPLC, the recoveries were 103-120% for pasteurized milk and 87.0-93.0% for yoghurt. The limits of detection were found to be 2 pg/ml by ELISA and 10 pg/ml by HPLC. Among a total of 180 samples collected in Seoul, Korea, the incidence of AFM1 in pasteurized milk, infant formula, powdered milk and yoghurt was 76, 85, 75, and 83%, respectively, with a mean concentration of 18, 46, 200, and 29 pg/g, respectively, when determined by ELISA. These results obtained by ELISA were closely related to those by HPLC for AFM1 (r2 = 0.9783).
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Shon DH, Enomoto A, Yamauchi K, Kaminogawa S. Antibodies raised against peptide fragments of bovine alpha s1-casein cross-react with the native protein, but recognize sites distinct from the determinants on the protein. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:1475-80. [PMID: 1710568 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830210622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine alpha s1-casein (alpha s1-CN) and its peptides 61-110 and 91-110, which contain both T and B cell determinants on alpha s1-CN and can elicit peptide-native protein cross-reactive antibodies, were selected as model antigens to study whether or not the immune response to the peptides is similar to that to the corresponding regions of the native protein, because they both have a similar disordered conformation in solution. Both alpha s1-CN- and peptide 61-110-primed T cells responded to peptides 61-80 and 91-100, but not to peptides 76-95 and 101-110. In addition, T cells immunized with peptide 91-110 were also stimulated by peptide 91-100, but not by peptide 101-110. These results suggest that the location of the T cell determinant was almost the same in alpha s1-CN and its peptides. On the contrary, antibodies raised against alpha s1-CN bound to peptides 76-95 and 91-100, but not to peptides 61-80 nor 101-110, while anti-peptide 61-110 antibodies preferentially reacted with peptides 61-80 and 101-110, and anti-peptide 91-110 antibodies also bound to peptide 101-110 but not to peptide 91-100. These results indicate that the B cell epitopes were not similar between alpha s1-CN and its peptides. This difference may have arisen because the antigen-B cell or T-B interactions required for the development of a specific antibody response occurred in a different manner between alpha s1-CN and its peptides. These findings may be useful for basic studies on immunology, and could also be applied to the design of new peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Shon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Enomoto A, Shon DH, Aoki Y, Yamauchi K, Kaminogawa S. Antibodies raised against peptide fragments of bovine alpha s1-casein cross-react with the intact protein only when the peptides contain both B and T cell determinants. Mol Immunol 1990; 27:581-6. [PMID: 1696355 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(90)90077-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to compare the immune response to peptides with that to the native protein, we used bovine alpha s1-casein (alpha s1-CN), a major milk protein whose conformation seems to be in a highly disordered state in solution, as the model antigen. Firstly, the T and B cell determinants on this protein were localized by a T cell proliferation assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using 13 synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire sequence of alpha s1-CN. T cells from alpha s1-CN-primed C3H/He mice, a high responder to alpha s1-CN, strongly proliferated in the presence of peptides 91-110, 61-80 and 46-65. In addition, peptides 151-170, 136-155 and 106-125 were also found to contain T cell determinants. On the other hand, peptides 181-199, 46-65, 76-95 and 106-125 were generally found to be immunodominant B cell determinants, while peptides 121-140, 136-155, 91-110 and 151-170 also had antibody-binding activity. The peptides were then tested for their ability to elicit a specific antibody. This revealed that only peptides 91-110, 106-125, 136-155 and 46-65 were able to produce specific antibodies that bound to the native protein as well as the peptides themselves. These peptides contained both B and T cell determinants on the intact protein. Thus, we confirmed that a peptide corresponding to both T and B cell determinants on alpha s1-CN was capable of eliciting a specific antibody that reacted with the protein as well as the peptide itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Enomoto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Japan
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