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Yoon D, Choi B, Kim JE, Kim EY, Chung SH, Min HJ, Sung Y, Chang EJ, Song JK. Correction: Autotaxin inhibition attenuates the aortic valve calcification by suppressing inflammation-driven fibro-calcific remodeling of valvular interstitial cells. BMC Med 2024; 22:178. [PMID: 38679711 PMCID: PMC11057110 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolim Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HK, Kim SY, Chung SH, Choi B, Kim JE, Yoon D, Jang SI, Yeo A, Kang HG, Lee J, Choi YH, Park JS, Sung Y, Kim JK, Chang EJ, Lee DK. Tumour-associated myeloid cells expressing IL-10R2/IL-22R1 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02676-w. [PMID: 38643339 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor survival rate, largely due to the lack of early diagnosis. Although myeloid cells are crucial in the tumour microenvironment, whether their specific subset can be a biomarker of PDAC progression is unclear. METHODS We analysed IL-22 receptor expression in PDAC and peripheral blood. Additionally, we analysed gene expression profiles of IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells and the presence of these cells using single-cell RNA sequencing and murine orthotropic PDAC models, respectively, followed by examining the immunosuppressive function of IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells. Finally, the correlation between IL-10R2 expression and PDAC progression was evaluated. RESULTS IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells were present in PDAC and peripheral blood. Blood IL-10R2+ myeloid cells displayed a gene expression signature associated with tumour-educated circulating monocytes. IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells from human myeloid cell culture inhibited T cell proliferation. By mouse models for PDAC, we found a positive correlation between pancreatic tumour growth and increased blood IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells. IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells from an early phase of the PDAC model suppressed T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. IL-10R2+ myeloid cells indicated tumour recurrence 130 days sooner than CA19-9 in post-pancreatectomy patients. CONCLUSIONS IL-10R2+/IL-22R1+ myeloid cells in the peripheral blood might be an early marker of PDAC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Keun Lee
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Yeo
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoolim Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yoon D, Choi B, Kim JE, Kim EY, Chung SH, Min HJ, Sung Y, Chang EJ, Song JK. Autotaxin inhibition attenuates the aortic valve calcification by suppressing inflammation-driven fibro-calcific remodeling of valvular interstitial cells. BMC Med 2024; 22:122. [PMID: 38486246 PMCID: PMC10941471 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with fibro-calcific aortic valve disease (FCAVD) have lipid depositions in their aortic valve that engender a proinflammatory impetus toward fibrosis and calcification and ultimately valve leaflet stenosis. Although the lipoprotein(a)-autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidic acid axis has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target to prevent the development of FCAVD, supportive evidence using ATX inhibitors is lacking. We here evaluated the therapeutic potency of an ATX inhibitor to attenuate valvular calcification in the FCAVD animal models. METHODS ATX level and activity in healthy participants and patients with FCAVD were analyzed using a bioinformatics approach using the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. To evaluate the efficacy of ATX inhibitor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient (Il1rn-/-) mice and cholesterol-enriched diet-induced rabbits were used as the FCAVD models, and primary human valvular interstitial cells (VICs) from patients with calcification were employed. RESULTS The global gene expression profiles of the aortic valve tissue of patients with severe FCAVD demonstrated that ATX gene expression was significantly upregulated and correlated with lipid retention (r = 0.96) or fibro-calcific remodeling-related genes (r = 0.77) in comparison to age-matched non-FCAVD controls. Orally available ATX inhibitor, BBT-877, markedly ameliorated the osteogenic differentiation and further mineralization of primary human VICs in vitro. Additionally, ATX inhibition significantly attenuated fibrosis-related factors' production, with a detectable reduction of osteogenesis-related factors, in human VICs. Mechanistically, ATX inhibitor prohibited fibrotic changes in human VICs via both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling, and subsequent induction of CTGF, a key factor in tissue fibrosis. In the in vivo FCAVD model system, ATX inhibitor exposure markedly reduced calcific lesion formation in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice (Il1rn-/-, P = 0.0210). This inhibition ameliorated the rate of change in the aortic valve area (P = 0.0287) and mean pressure gradient (P = 0.0249) in the FCAVD rabbit model. Moreover, transaortic maximal velocity (Vmax) was diminished with ATX inhibitor administration (mean Vmax = 1.082) compared to vehicle control (mean Vmax = 1.508, P = 0.0221). Importantly, ATX inhibitor administration suppressed the effects of a high-cholesterol diet and vitamin D2-driven fibrosis, in association with a reduction in macrophage infiltration and calcific deposition, in the aortic valves of this rabbit model. CONCLUSIONS ATX inhibition attenuates the development of FCAVD while protecting against fibrosis and calcification in VICs, suggesting the potential of using ATX inhibitors to treat FCAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolim Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SH, Jiang ES, Lim BS, Kim SH, Chang J. Multi-peak Light-emitting Diode Curing Units and Polymerization of 3D-printed Crown and Bridge Resin. Oper Dent 2024; 49:98-109. [PMID: 38058011 DOI: 10.2341/23-061-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the substitutive and additive efficacy of multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) curing units for post-curing of a three-dimensional- (3D-) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS A total of 792 disc- and 180 bar-shaped specimens were printed with a crown and bridge resin (NextDent C&B MFH) and post-cured using two LED curing units (VALO Cordless and Bluephase N G4) in fast and standard modes. Conventional post-curing (LC-3D Print Box, Group PC) was compared with LED-only curing (Groups V1, V2, B1, and B2) and LED-combined curing (Groups PV1, PV2, PB1, and PB2) in terms of microhardness, flexural strength, degree of conversion (DC), and CIE L*a*b* color and translucency parameters. Cytotoxicity of the resin eluates was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Temperature increases on the resin surface were measured with infrared thermography. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The microhardness and flexural strength in Groups V1, V2, B1, and DC in all LED-only groups were lower than in other groups (p<0.05). Larger color disparities existed between Group PC and all LED-only groups than between Group PC and the others (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity among the groups. The temperature increase was lowest in Groups V1 and PV1 during light curing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Post-curing by multi-peak LED curing units was not as effective as the conventional post-curing device. Additional post-curing by LED curing units did not improve the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Shin Hye Chung, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E-S Jiang
- En-Shi Jiang, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Stomatology, Yanbian University and Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji China
| | - B-S Lim
- Bum-Soon Lim, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Seong-Hae Kim, Center for Future Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- *Juhea Chang, DDS, MSD, PhD, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim EY, Kim JE, Chung SH, Park JE, Yoon D, Min HJ, Sung Y, Lee SB, Kim SW, Chang EJ. Concomitant induction of SLIT3 and microRNA-218-2 in macrophages by toll-like receptor 4 activation limits osteoclast commitment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:213. [PMID: 37596575 PMCID: PMC10436635 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) conducts a highly regulated inflammatory process by limiting the extent of inflammation to avoid toxicity and tissue damage, even in bone tissues. Thus, it is plausible that strategies for the maintenance of normal bone-immunity to prevent undesirable bone damage by TLR4 activation can exist, but direct evidence is still lacking. METHODS Osteoclast precursors (OCPs) obtained from WT or Slit3-deficient mice were differentiated into osteoclast (OC) with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANK ligand (RANKL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by determining the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells (TRAP+ MNCs). To determine the alteration of OCPs population, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was conducted in bone marrow cells in mice after LPS injection. The severity of bone loss in LPS injected WT or Slit3-deficient mice was evaluated by micro-CT analysis. RESULT We demonstrate that TLR4 activation by LPS inhibits OC commitment by inducing the concomitant expression of miR-218-2-3p and its host gene, Slit3, in mouse OCPs. TLR4 activation by LPS induced SLIT3 and its receptor ROBO1 in BMMs, and this SLIT3-ROBO1 axis hinders RANKL-induced OC differentiation by switching the protein levels of C/EBP-β isoforms. A deficiency of SLIT3 resulted in increased RANKL-induced OC differentiation, and the elevated expression of OC marker genes including Pu.1, Nfatc1, and Ctsk. Notably, Slit3-deficient mice showed expanded OCP populations in the bone marrow. We also found that miR-218-2 was concomitantly induced with SLIT3 expression after LPS treatment, and that this miRNA directly suppressed Tnfrsf11a (RANK) expression at both gene and protein levels, linking it to a decrease in OC differentiation. An endogenous miR-218-2 block rescued the expression of RANK and subsequent OC formation in LPS-stimulated OCPs. Aligned with these results, SLIT3-deficient mice displayed increased OC formation and reduced bone density after LPS challenge. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the TLR4-dependent concomitant induction of Slit3 and miR-218-2 targets RANK in OCPs to restrain OC commitment, thereby avoiding an uncoordinated loss of bone through inflammatory processes. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of TLR4 in controlling the commitment phase of OC differentiation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Yoolim Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Soo Been Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Korea
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Kaifu T, Maruhashi T, Chung SH, Shimizu K, Nakamura A, Iwakura Y. DCIR suppresses osteoclastic proliferation and resorption by downregulating M-CSF and RANKL signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159058. [PMID: 37266426 PMCID: PMC10230091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor that acts as a negative regulator in the immune system and bone metabolism. We previously revealed that DCIR deficiency enhanced osteoclastogenesis and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, and that asialo-biantennary N-glycan (NA2) functions as a ligand for DCIR. NA2 binding to DCIR suppressed murine and human osteoclastogenesis that occurs in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL. The DCIR-NA2 axis, therefore, plays an important role in regulating osteoclastogenesis in both mice and humans, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we found that Dcir -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) exhibited greater proliferative and differentiation responses to M-CSF and RANKL, respectively, than wild-type (WT) BMMs. Moreover, Dcir -/- osteoclasts (OCs) increased resorptive activity and cell fusion more significantly than WT OCs. DCIR deficiency affects gene expression patterns in OCs, and we found that the expression of neuraminidase 4 was increased in Dcir -/- OCs. Furthermore, DCIR-NA2 interaction in WT BMMs, but not Dcir -/- BMMs, decreased Akt phosphorylation in response to M-CSF and RANKL. These data suggest that DCIR regulates osteoclastogenesis by downregulating M-CSF and RANKL signaling, and that DCIR-mediated signaling may contribute to the terminal modification of oligosaccharides by controlling the expression of glycosylation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kaifu
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Vasiliev AN, Berdonosov PS, Kozlyakova ES, Maximova OV, Murtazoev AF, Dolgikh VA, Lyssenko KA, Pchelkina ZV, Gorbunov DI, Chung SH, Koo HJ, Whangbo MH. Observation of a 1/3 magnetization plateau in Pb 2Cu 10O 4(SeO 3) 4Cl 7 arising from (Cu 2+) 7 clusters of corner-sharing (Cu 2+) 4 tetrahedra. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15017-15021. [PMID: 36112086 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-valence compound Pb2Cu10O4(SeO3)4Cl7 has a complex structure consisting of one nonmagnetic Cu+ (S = 0) ion and four nonequivalent magnetic Cu2+ (S = 1/2) ions. It exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering at TN = 10.2 K. At a temperature below TN, a sequence of spin-flop transition at Bspin-flop = 1.3 T and 1/3 plateau formation at Bspin-flip = 4.4 K is observed in the magnetization curve M(B). The 1/3 magnetization plateau persists at least up to 53.5 T. The spin exchanges of Pb2Cu10O4(SeO3)4Cl7 evaluated by performing energy-mapping analysis based on DFT+U calculations show that the magnetic properties of Pb2Cu10O4(SeO3)4Cl7 are described by the (Cu2+)7 cluster of corner-sharing (Cu2+)4 tetrahedra, and that each (Cu2+)7 cluster has a S = 3/2 spin arrangement in the ground state. The 1/3 magnetization plateau observed for Pb2Cu10O4(SeO3)4Cl7 is explained by the field-induced flip of every second (Cu2+)7 cluster within a unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Vasiliev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - P S Berdonosov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - E S Kozlyakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. .,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - O V Maximova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - A F Murtazoev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - V A Dolgikh
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - K A Lyssenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Z V Pchelkina
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.,Institute of Metal Physics, RAS, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
| | - D I Gorbunov
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S H Chung
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - H-J Koo
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - M-H Whangbo
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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8
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Sun H, Tang C, Chung SH, Ye XQ, Makusheva Y, Han W, Kubo M, Shichino S, Ueha S, Matsushima K, Ikeo K, Asano M, Iwakura Y. Blocking DCIR mitigates colitis and prevents colorectal tumors by enhancing the GM-CSF-STAT5 pathway. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111158. [PMID: 35926458 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR; Clec4a2), a member of the C-type lectin receptor family, plays important roles in homeostasis of the immune and bone systems. However, the intestinal role of this molecule is unclear. Here, we show that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane-DSS-induced intestinal tumors are reduced in Clec4a2-/- mice independently of intestinal microbiota. STAT5 phosphorylation and expression of Csf2 and tight junction genes are enhanced, while Il17a and Cxcl2 are suppressed in the Clec4a2-/- mouse colon, which exhibits reduced infiltration of neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administration ameliorates DSS colitis associated with reduced Il17a and enhanced tight junction gene expression, whereas anti-GM-CSF exacerbates symptoms. Furthermore, anti-NA2, a ligand for DCIR, ameliorates colitis and prevents colorectal tumors. These observations indicate that blocking DCIR signaling ameliorates colitis and suppresses colonic tumors, suggesting DCIR as a possible target for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Sun
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ce Tang
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Xiao-Qi Ye
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Koji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- DNA Data Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.
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9
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Makusheva Y, Chung SH, Akitsu A, Maeda N, Maruhashi T, Ye XQ, Kaifu T, Saijo S, Sun H, Han W, Tang C, Iwakura Y. The C-type lectin receptor Clec1A plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing antigen presenting ability of dendritic cells and inducing inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Exp Anim 2022; 71:288-304. [PMID: 35135958 PMCID: PMC9388343 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clec1A, a member of C-type lectin receptor family, has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region, but no known signaling motif in the cytoplasmic domain.
Clec1a is highly expressed in endothelial cells and weakly in dendritic cells. Although this molecule was reported to play an important role in the host defense against
Aspergillus fumigatus by recognizing 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin on the fungal surface, the roles of this molecule in un-infected animals remain to be elucidated. In
this study, we found that Clec1a−/− mice develop milder symptoms upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple
sclerosis. The maximum disease score was significantly lower, and demyelination and inflammation of the spinal cord were much milder in Clec1a−/− mice compared to
wild-type mice. No abnormality was detected in the immune cell composition in the draining lymph nodes and spleen on day 10 and 16 after EAE induction. Recall memory T cell proliferation
after restimulation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) in vitro was decreased in Clec1a−/− mice, and antigen
presenting ability of Clec1a−/− dendritic cells was impaired. Interestingly, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses clearly showed that the expression of inflammatory
cytokines including Il17a, Il6 and Il1b was greatly decreased in Clec1a−/− mice after induction of EAE,
suggesting that this reduced cytokine production is responsible for the amelioration of EAE in Clec1a−/− mice. These observations suggest a novel function of
Clec1A in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Aoi Akitsu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | - Natsumi Maeda
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Xiao-Qi Ye
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Division of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Haiyang Sun
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ce Tang
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.,Present address: Laboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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10
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Kaifu T, Yabe R, Maruhashi T, Chung SH, Tateno H, Fujikado N, Hirabayashi J, Iwakura Y. DCIR and its ligand asialo-biantennary N-glycan regulate DC function and osteoclastogenesis. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210435. [PMID: 34817551 PMCID: PMC8624811 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor with a carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Previously, we showed that Dcir-/- mice spontaneously develop autoimmune enthesitis and sialadenitis, and also develop metabolic bone abnormalities. However, the ligands for DCIR functionality remain to be elucidated. Here we showed that DCIR is expressed on osteoclasts and DCs and binds to an asialo-biantennary N-glycan(s) (NA2) on bone cells and myeloid cells. Osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in Dcir-/- cells, and NA2 inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Neuraminidase treatment, which exposes excess NA2 by removing the terminal sialic acid of N-glycans, suppressed osteoclastogenesis and DC function. Neuraminidase treatment of mice ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a DCIR-dependent manner, due to suppression of antigen presentation by DCs. These results suggest that DCIR activity is regulated by the modification of the terminal sialylation of biantennary N-glycans, and this interaction is important for the control of both autoimmune and bone metabolic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Neuraminidase/pharmacology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/physiology
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rikio Yabe
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Glycan Lectin Engineering Team, Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fujikado
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Glycan Lectin Engineering Team, Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family consists of six family members (IL-17A-IL-17F) and all the corresponding receptors have been identified recently. This family is mainly involved in the host defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and helminth infection by inducing cytokines and chemokines, recruiting neutrophils, inducing anti-microbial proteins and modifying T-helper cell differentiation. IL-17A and some other family cytokines are also involved in the development of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis by inducing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and antibodies against IL-17A as well as the receptor IL-17RA are being successfully used for the treatment of these diseases. Involvement in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and tumors has also been suggested in animal disease models. In this review, we will briefly review the mechanisms by which IL-17 cytokines are involved in the development of these diseases and discuss possible treatment of inflammatory diseases by targeting IL-17 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Chung
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xiao-Qi Ye
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Moon W, Chung SH, Chang J. Effect of Deep Margin Elevation on Interfacial Gap Development of CAD/CAM Inlays after Thermomechanical Cycling. Oper Dent 2021; 46:529-536. [PMID: 34757375 DOI: 10.2341/20-310-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate interfacial gap formation of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate inlay margins before and after thermomechanical loading. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared on 12 extracted mandibular molars. The gingival margin of one proximal box was elevated with resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) by a height of 2 mm (Group E [elevation]), and the margin of the other side served as a control (Group NE [no elevation]). Lithium disilicate computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays were fabricated and bonded with a self-adhesive resin cement. An aging process was simulated on the specimens under thermomechanical cycling by using a chewing simulator. Marginal integration was evaluated under scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM) using epoxy resin replicas before and after cycling. Marginal areas were stained with silver nitrate solution, and the volumetric gap was measured at the bonded interfaces using microcomputed tomography (CT) before and after cycling. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the Mann-Whitney test (a<0.05). RESULTS SEM showed marginal discontinuities in Group NE that increased after thermomechanical cycling. Micro-computed tomography exhibited three-dimensional dye-penetrating patterns at the interfaces before and after cycling. Interfacial disintegration was larger in Group NE before cycling (p<0.05). Thermomechanical cycling increased the gaps in both Groups NE and E (p<0.05). The gap increment from thermomechanical cycling was larger in Group NE (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thermomechanical cycling induced interfacial disintegration at the lithium disilicate CAD/CAM inlays, with deep proximal margins. Margin elevation with RMGI placement reduced the extent of the interfacial gap formation before and after the aging simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Moon
- Wonjoon Moon, DDS, PhD candidate, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Chung
- Shin Hye Chung, DDS, MSD, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- *Juhea Chang, DDS, MSD, PhD, clinical professor, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Republic of Korea
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13
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Shaban IA, Chan FTS, Chung SH. A novel model to manage air cargo disruptions caused by global catastrophes such as Covid-19. J Air Transp Manag 2021; 95:102086. [PMID: 34548768 PMCID: PMC8445905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically disrupted the air cargo industry. This disruption has taken many directions, one of which is the demand imbalance which occurs due to the sudden change in the cargo capacity, as well as demand. Therefore, the random change leads to excessive demand in some routes (hot-selling routes), while some other routes suffer from a big shortage of demand (underutilized routes). Routes are substitutable when there are several adjacent airports in the Origin & Destination (O&D) market. In this market, demand imbalance between substitutable routes occurs because of the above reasons. To tackle the demand imbalance problem, a novel model is introduced to estimate the quantity combinations which maintains the balance between underutilized and hot-selling routes. This model is a variant of the classic Cournot model which captures different quantity scenarios in the form of the best response for each route compared to the other. We then cultivate the model by integrating the Puppet Cournot game with the quantity discount policy. The quantity discount policy is an incentive which motivates the freight forwarders to increase their orders in the underutilized routes. After conducting numerical experiments, the results reveal that the profit can increase up to 25% by using the quantity discount. However, the quantity discount model is only applicable when the profit increase in the hot-selling route is greater than the profit decrease in the underutilized route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelfadeel Shaban
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong
| | - F T S Chan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong
| | - S H Chung
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong
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14
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Desamero MJM, Chung SH, Kakuta S. Insights on the Functional Role of Beta-Glucans in Fungal Immunity Using Receptor-Deficient Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4778. [PMID: 33946381 PMCID: PMC8125483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the host anti-fungal immunity induced by beta-glucan has been one of the most challenging conundrums in the field of biomedical research. During the last couple of decades, insights on the role of beta-glucan in fungal disease progression, susceptibility, and resistance have been greatly augmented through the utility of various beta-glucan cognate receptor-deficient mouse models. Analysis of dectin-1 knockout mice has clarified the downstream signaling pathways and adaptive effector responses triggered by beta-glucan in anti-fungal immunity. On the other hand, assessment of CR3-deficient mice has elucidated the compelling action of beta-glucans in neutrophil-mediated fungal clearance, and the investigation of EphA2-deficient mice has highlighted its novel involvement in host sensing and defense to oral mucosal fungal infection. Based on these accounts, this review focuses on the recent discoveries made by these gene-targeted mice in beta-glucan research with particular emphasis on the multifaceted aspects of fungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Joseph Maranan Desamero
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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15
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Yabe R, Chung SH, Murayama MA, Kubo S, Shimizu K, Akahori Y, Maruhashi T, Seno A, Kaifu T, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. TARM1 contributes to development of arthritis by activating dendritic cells through recognition of collagens. Nat Commun 2021; 12:94. [PMID: 33397982 PMCID: PMC7782728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TARM1 is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family and stimulates macrophages and neutrophils in vitro by associating with FcRγ. However, the function of this molecule in the regulation of the immune system is unclear. Here, we show that Tarm1 expression is elevated in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis mouse models, and the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is suppressed in Tarm1-/- mice. T cell priming against type 2 collagen is suppressed in Tarm1-/- mice and antigen-presenting ability of GM-CSF-induced dendritic cells (GM-DCs) from Tarm1-/- mouse bone marrow cells is impaired. We show that type 2 collagen is a functional ligand for TARM1 on GM-DCs and promotes DC maturation. Furthermore, soluble TARM1-Fc and TARM1-Flag inhibit DC maturation and administration of TARM1-Fc blocks the progression of CIA in mice. These results indicate that TARM1 is an important stimulating factor of dendritic cell maturation and could be a good target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikio Yabe
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Medical Mycobiology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masanori A Murayama
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yukiko Akahori
- Medical Mycobiology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Medical Mycobiology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
- Medical Mycobiology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
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16
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Harreguy MB, Marfil V, Grooms NWF, Gabel CV, Chung SH, Haspel G. Ytterbium-doped fibre femtosecond laser offers robust operation with deep and precise microsurgery of C. elegans neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4545. [PMID: 32161333 PMCID: PMC7066168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser microsurgery is a powerful tool for neurobiology, used to ablate cells and sever neurites in-vivo. We compare a relatively new laser source to two well-established designs. Rare-earth-doped mode-locked fibre lasers that produce high power pulses recently gained popularity for industrial uses. Such systems are manufactured to high standards of robustness and low maintenance requirements typical of solid-state lasers. We demonstrate that an Ytterbium-doped fibre femtosecond laser is comparable in precision to a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser (1-2 micrometres), but with added operational reliability. Due to the lower pulse energy required to ablate, it is more precise than a solid-state nanosecond laser. Due to reduced scattering of near infrared light, it can lesion deeper (more than 100 micrometres) in tissue. These advantages are not specific to the model system ablated for our demonstration, namely neurites in the nematode C. elegans, but are applicable to other systems and transparent tissue where a precise micron-resolution dissection is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Harreguy
- New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Federated Department of Biological Sciences and New Jersey Institute of Technology, Institute of Brain Research and Neuroscience, 100 Summit St, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - V Marfil
- New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Federated Department of Biological Sciences and New Jersey Institute of Technology, Institute of Brain Research and Neuroscience, 100 Summit St, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - N W F Grooms
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - C V Gabel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston University Photonics Center, 700 Albany St, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - S H Chung
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - G Haspel
- New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Federated Department of Biological Sciences and New Jersey Institute of Technology, Institute of Brain Research and Neuroscience, 100 Summit St, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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Lin TL, Chung SH, Sung CH, Yeh SY, Cheng TL, Chou CC. Establishment of feline in-house reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters and potential age-related differences. Pol J Vet Sci 2020; 22:599-608. [PMID: 31560478 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reference intervals (RIs) are one of the essential elements in the procedure of disease diagnosis. This is especially true for feline species in which RI is less available than in canine species. RIs are affected by biological, geographical and instrumental factors, yet published RIs with incomplete background are popularly used. Inappropriate interpretations of RIs may affect classification of disease and subsequent treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the step-by-step establishment of feline RIs following the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) reference interval guideline. A total of 51 parameters were examined, including 20 hematology and 31 biochemistry parameters, and the results were compared to one local RI and two foreign RIs. Overall, about 29% (10/35) of tested parameters were different form local RIs and 60% (30/50) were different from the two foreign RIs, highlighting geographical variations. A higher upper reference limit (URL) in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hgb), albumin, creatinine and lower URL in potassium and white blood cell count (WBC) were identified, which may impact the interpretation. In addition, statistical analysis of age and gender were factored separately and indicated that 10 parameters were significantly higher in the adult group. For the impact of gender, percentage of basophil and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were lower in female and male cats, respectively. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that it is desirable to establish in-house RIs or RIs of local sources. An age specific RI for the geriatric feline population is advisable for better diagnosis and monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - S H Chung
- Tai-Da Animal Hospital, No. 11, Section 2, Wenhua Road, Banqiao District, New Taipei City, 220
| | - C H Sung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - S Y Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - T L Cheng
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
| | - C C Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40254, Taiwan
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Following previous observations of apparent instability of fumonisin B1 in corn starch and corn meal, immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup, of the type used in the analysis of commercial starch-containing corn foods for fumonisins, was investigated. Foods analyzed for naturally occurring fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 included corn flour (3 different products), corn meal, and corn flakes. In 2 series of experiments, fractions were eluted by gravity or vacuum from narrow- or wide-bore Fumonitest IACs either with 2 2 mL methanol, followed by 2 mL methanolwater (8 2, v/v), or with 2 mL methanol, then 2 mL methanolwater (8 2, v/v). The ratio () of fumonisin B1 concentration in the first methanol eluate to the total concentration measured from all eluates in most cases varied from 2570. Incomplete recoveries were also observed for fumonisins B2 and B3. It is concluded that there can be a major underestimation of naturally occurring fumonisins in methods using only methanol elution for IAC cleanup, as in AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Method 2001.04 (accuracy of these methods had been determined only by spiking the food with fumonisins). Elution with 2 2 mL methanolwater (8 2, v/v) was chosen as a practical procedure; means of 8198 of the total fumonisin B1 concentration were found in the first eluate, except for corn flakes and 2 experiments with corn meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Soon Oh
- Korea Food and Drug Administration, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, Seoul 122-704, Korea
| | - Peter M Scott
- Health Canada, Bureau of Chemical Safety, 2203D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Korea University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul 136-703, Korea
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Mun ST, Chung SH. 1478 Retrospective Comparisson In Single Port Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Between Conventional Intracorporeal Barbed Suture and Vaginal Approach Barbed Suture. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Baclig NV, Ngo C, Yeh AC, Chung SH, Cheng A, Grim J, Graf SA, Yang KC. Steroid-Refractory Autoimmune Myocarditis after Pembrolizumab Therapy: Failure of Equine Anti-Thymocyte Globulin to Prevent Heart Failure. J Clin Case Rep 2019; 2:1-4. [PMID: 36712142 PMCID: PMC9881190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are improving outcomes for many cancers, they can have severe adverse effects. Though cardiac immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) are rare, they have considerable morbidity and mortality. Prior case studies have demonstrated successful treatment of ICI induced autoimmune myocarditis with a variety of immunosuppressive regimens. This case describes steroid-refractory autoimmune myocarditis after treatment with pembrolizumab. Treatment with equine anti-thymocyte globulin, a regimen previously documented to reverse ICI induced autoimmune myocarditis, temporarily improved clinical status and cardiac biomarkers, however eventually failed to prevent progression to heart failure and cardiovascular death. This case highlights the importance of early stress-dose steroids, identifies troponin as a potential marker of treatment response, and underscores the value of collaboration between oncology and cardiology for optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- NV Baclig
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA,Correspondence: Baclig NV, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104-2420; USA. Tel: (847)-609-2487, Fax: (206) 744-1554l,
| | - C Ngo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - AC Yeh
- Division of Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - SH Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, USA
| | - A Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - J Grim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - SA Graf
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
| | - KC Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
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Park J, Kim DH, Moon JY, An JA, Kim YW, Chung SH, Lee C. Distribution Analysis of Twelve Mycotoxins in Corn and Corn-Derived Products by LC-MS/MS to Evaluate the Carry-Over Ratio during Wet-Milling. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080319. [PMID: 30082663 PMCID: PMC6115783 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of twelve mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2; ochratoxin A; fumonisins B1 and B2; deoxynivalenol; nivalenol; zearalenone; T-2 toxin; and HT-2 toxin) in corn and corn by-products (corn bran, cornstarch, corn gluten, corn gluten feed, corn germ, light steep water, and corn steep liquor) produced by wet-milling in Korea. Fifty-two samples were collected from three factories producing cornstarch and other corn by-products. The samples were pretreated on an immunoaffinity column (IAC), and then the levels of the 12 mycotoxins were analyzed simultaneously by liquid chromatography-coupled triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fusarium mycotoxins were mainly found in raw corn and corn gluten feed samples. Other mycotoxins—such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and HT-2 toxin—were detected in tiny amounts below the limit of quantification (LOQ) in cornstarch, corn germ, and corn bran. Ochratoxin A and nivalenol were mainly carried over into cornstarch. Aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and the fumonisins were concentrated in corn gluten feed. Zearalenone was evenly distributed in all corn by-products except cornstarch during the milling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Park
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Moon
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ah An
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Chan Lee
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Hashiguchi Y, Yabe R, Chung SH, Murayama MA, Yoshida K, Matsuo K, Kubo S, Saijo S, Nakamura Y, Matsue H, Iwakura Y. IL-36α from Skin-Resident Cells Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis by Forming a Local Autoamplification Loop. J Immunol 2018; 201:167-182. [PMID: 29794016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-36α (gene symbol Il1f6), a member of the IL-36 family, is closely associated with inflammatory diseases, including colitis and psoriasis. In this study, we found that Il1f6-/- mice developed milder psoriasiform dermatitis upon treatment with imiquimod, a ligand for TLR ligand 7 (TLR7) and TLR8, whereas Il1f6-/- mice showed similar susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis to wild-type mice. These effects were observed in both cohoused and separately housed conditions, and antibiotic treatment did not cancel the resistance of Il1f6-/- mice to imiquimod-induced dermatitis. Bone marrow (BM) cell transfer revealed that IL-36α expression in skin-resident cells is important for the pathogenesis of dermatitis in these mice. Following stimulation with IL-36α, the expression of Il1f6 and Il1f9 (IL-36γ), but not Il1f8 (IL-36β), was enhanced in murine BM-derived Langerhans cells (BMLCs) and murine primary keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts from mice. Upon stimulation with agonistic ligands of TLRs and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Il1f6 expression was induced in BMLCs and BM-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, IL-36α stimulation resulted in significantly increased gene expression of psoriasis-associated Th17-related cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-23, CXCL1, and CXCL2 in BMLCs and fibroblasts, and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17C, and CXCL2 in keratinocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that TLR/CLR signaling-induced IL-36α plays an important role for the development of psoriasiform dermatitis by enhancing Th17-related cytokine/chemokine production in skin-resident cells via a local autoamplification loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Hashiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Rikio Yabe
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masanori A Murayama
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoshida
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kenzo Matsuo
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsue
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; .,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; and
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23
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Chen W, Shimane T, Kawano S, Alshaikh A, Kim SY, Chung SH, Kim RH, Shin KH, Walentin K, Park NH, Schmidt-Ott KM, Kang MK. Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Induces FoxM1B in Oral Keratinocytes through GRHL2. J Dent Res 2018; 97:795-802. [PMID: 29443638 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), yet the detailed mechanisms by which HPV promotes OPCs are not understood. Forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) is an oncogene essential for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, and it is aberrantly overexpressed in many tumors. We previously showed that FoxM1B was the putative target of an epithelial-specific transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). In the current study, we demonstrate that HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 induces FoxM1B in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and tonsillar epithelial cells (TECs) in part through GRHL2. FoxM1B was barely detectable in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and progressively increased in immortalized HOKs harboring HPV-16 genome (HOK-16B) and tumorigenic HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Retroviral expression of HPV-16 E6 and/or E7 in NHOKs, TECs, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells (FaDu) revealed induction of FoxM1B and GRHL2 by the E6 protein but not E7. Both GRHL2 and FoxM1B were strongly induced in the epidermis of HPV-16 E6 transgenic mice and HPV+ oral squamous cell carcinomas. Ectopic expression of FoxM1B led to acquisition of transformed phenotype in HOK-16B cells. Loss of FoxM1B by lentiviral short hairpin RNA vector or chemical inhibitor led to elimination of tumorigenic characteristics of HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GRHL2 directly bound and regulated the FoxM1B gene promoter activity. Using epithelial-specific Grhl2 conditional knockout mice, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Grhl2 KO mice to 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4-NQO), which led to induction of FoxM1B in the tongue tissues and rampant oral tumor development in the WT mice. However, 4-NQO exposure failed to induce tongue tumors or induction of FoxM1B expression in Grhl2 KO mice. Collectively, these results indicate that HPV-16 induces FoxM1B in part through GRHL2 transcriptional activity and that elevated FoxM1B level is required for oropharyngeal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Shimane
- 2 Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - S Kawano
- 3 Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - A Alshaikh
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Y Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S H Chung
- 4 Deptartment of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R H Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K H Shin
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Walentin
- 6 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - N H Park
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K M Schmidt-Ott
- 6 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M K Kang
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cochran JM, Chung SH, Leproux A, Baker WB, Busch DR, DeMichele AM, Tchou J, Tromberg BJ, Yodh AG. Longitudinal optical monitoring of blood flow in breast tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:4637-4653. [PMID: 28402286 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6cef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure tissue blood flow markers in breast tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and investigate their correlation to pathologic complete response in a pilot longitudinal patient study (n = 4). Tumor blood flow is quantified optically by diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), and tissue optical properties, blood oxygen saturation, and total hemoglobin concentration are derived from concurrent diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI). The study represents the first longitudinal DCS measurement of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in humans over the entire course of treatment; it therefore offers a first correlation between DCS flow indices and pathologic complete response. The use of absolute optical properties measured by DOSI facilitates significant improvement of DCS blood flow calculation, which typically assumes optical properties based on literature values. Additionally, the combination of the DCS blood flow index and the tissue oxygen saturation from DOSI permits investigation of tissue oxygen metabolism. Pilot results from four patients suggest that lower blood flow in the lesion-bearing breast is correlated with pathologic complete response. Both absolute lesion blood flow and lesion flow relative to the contralateral breast exhibit potential for characterization of pathological response. This initial demonstration of the combined optical approach for chemotherapy monitoring provides incentive for more comprehensive studies in the future and can help power those investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cochran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Ban HY, Schweiger M, Kavuri VC, Cochran JM, Xie L, Busch DR, Katrašnik J, Pathak S, Chung SH, Lee K, Choe R, Czerniecki BJ, Arridge SR, Yodh AG. Heterodyne frequency-domain multispectral diffuse optical tomography of breast cancer in the parallel-plane transmission geometry. Med Phys 2017; 43:4383. [PMID: 27370153 DOI: 10.1118/1.4953830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors introduce a state-of-the-art all-optical clinical diffuse optical tomography (DOT) imaging instrument which collects spatially dense, multispectral, frequency-domain breast data in the parallel-plate geometry. METHODS The instrument utilizes a CCD-based heterodyne detection scheme that permits massively parallel detection of diffuse photon density wave amplitude and phase for a large number of source-detector pairs (10(6)). The stand-alone clinical DOT instrument thus offers high spatial resolution with reduced crosstalk between absorption and scattering. Other novel features include a fringe profilometry system for breast boundary segmentation, real-time data normalization, and a patient bed design which permits both axial and sagittal breast measurements. RESULTS The authors validated the instrument using tissue simulating phantoms with two different chromophore-containing targets and one scattering target. The authors also demonstrated the instrument in a case study breast cancer patient; the reconstructed 3D image of endogenous chromophores and scattering gave tumor localization in agreement with MRI. CONCLUSIONS Imaging with a novel parallel-plate DOT breast imager that employs highly parallel, high-resolution CCD detection in the frequency-domain was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ban
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - M Schweiger
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - V C Kavuri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - J M Cochran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - L Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - D R Busch
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - J Katrašnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - S Pathak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - S H Chung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - K Lee
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-813, South Korea
| | - R Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - B J Czerniecki
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - S R Arridge
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Lee CKM, Yeung CL, Xiong ZR, Chung SH. A mathematical model for municipal solid waste management - A case study in Hong Kong. Waste Manag 2016; 58:430-441. [PMID: 27353392 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the booming economy and increasing population, the accumulation of waste has become an increasingly arduous issue and has aroused the attention from all sectors of society. Hong Kong which has a relative high daily per capita domestic waste generation rate in Asia has not yet established a comprehensive waste management system. This paper conducts a review of waste management approaches and models. Researchers highlight that mathematical models provide useful information for decision-makers to select appropriate choices and save cost. It is suggested to consider municipal solid waste management in a holistic view and improve the utilization of waste management infrastructures. A mathematical model which adopts integer linear programming and mixed integer programming has been developed for Hong Kong municipal solid waste management. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to simulate different scenarios which provide decision-makers important information for establishing Hong Kong waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K M Lee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - C L Yeung
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Z R Xiong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - S H Chung
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chmilewsky F, About I, Chung SH. C5L2 Receptor Represses Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Secretion in Lipoteichoic Acid-Stimulated Pulp Fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2016; 96:92-99. [PMID: 28033061 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516673832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a constitutes a powerful fragment generated by complement system activation. Interestingly, this complement active fragment is also an important mediator of tissue regeneration. Recent findings suggest that C5a could be an initial signal orchestrating pulp nerve sprouting beneath carious injury, a critical step in dentin-pulp regeneration. Indeed, the expression and activation of the C5a active receptor (C5aR/CD88) by injured pulp fibroblasts controls the direction of neurite outgrowth toward carious injuries by modulating the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by pulp fibroblasts. A second C5a receptor, C5L2, has also been cloned but has received much less attention because its interaction with the ligand induces no signaling. This work aims to investigate the role of C5L2 in pulp nerve regeneration in the secretion of BDNF by pulp fibroblasts under sites of carious injury. Using fluorescence immunostaining on human tooth sections in vivo and on primary human pulp fibroblasts in vitro, the authors reveal that C5L2 and C5aR are co-expressed by pulp fibroblasts under lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulation. Moreover, silencing C5L2 significantly increases BDNF secretion by LTA-stimulated pulp fibroblasts. Finally, an analysis of the subcellular distribution of C5aR and C5L2 indicates that the negative regulation of BDNF secretion by C5L2 correlates with C5aR activation and its subsequent intracellular co-localization with C5L2. Overall, the current study sheds light on the mechanism of pulp nerve regeneration by identifying C5L2 as a negative regulator of BDNF secretion by pulp fibroblasts under carious teeth. This knowledge significantly increases the understanding of the functional mechanism linking C5aR and C5L2 in pulp nerve regeneration, which may be useful in future dentin-pulp engineering strategies that target fibroblast C5L2 to induce pulp innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chmilewsky
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I About
- 2 Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Institute Movement Science, Marseille, France
| | - S H Chung
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Akitsu A, Ishigame H, Kakuta S, Chung SH, Ikeda S, Shimizu K, Kubo S, Liu Y, Umemura M, Matsuzaki G, Yoshikai Y, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice develop autoimmune arthritis due to intrinsic activation of IL-17-producing CCR2(+)Vγ6(+)γδ T cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7464. [PMID: 26108163 PMCID: PMC4521288 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing γδ T (γδ17) cells have been implicated in inflammatory diseases, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that both CD4+ and γδ17 cells are required for the development of autoimmune arthritis in IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)-deficient mice. Specifically, activated CD4+ T cells direct γδ T-cell infiltration by inducing CCL2 expression in joints. Furthermore, IL-17 reporter mice reveal that the Vγ6+ subset of CCR2+ γδ T cells preferentially produces IL-17 in inflamed joints. Importantly, because IL-1Ra normally suppresses IL-1R expression on γδ T cells, IL-1Ra-deficient mice exhibit elevated IL-1R expression on Vγ6+ cells, which play a critical role in inducing them to produce IL-17. Our findings demonstrate a pathogenic mechanism in which adaptive and innate immunity induce an autoimmune disease in a coordinated manner. Control of γδ T-cell activation remains incompletely understood. Here the authors show that during autoimmune arthritis development αβ CD4+ T cells recruit a subset of IL-17-producing γδ T cells to the joints, and that both components are essential to cause pathology in a mouse model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Akitsu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [3] Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan [4] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan [5] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Harumichi Ishigame
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kubo
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Research Center for Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [2] Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan [3] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan [4] Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
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Maruhashi T, Kaifu T, Yabe R, Seno A, Chung SH, Fujikado N, Iwakura Y. DCIR maintains bone homeostasis by regulating IFN-γ production in T cells. J Immunol 2015; 194:5681-91. [PMID: 25926676 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor mainly expressed in DCs. Dcir (-/-) mice spontaneously develop autoimmune enthesitis and ankylosis accompanied by fibrocartilage proliferation and ectopic ossification. However, the mechanisms of new bone/cartilage formation in Dcir (-/-) mice remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that DCIR maintains bone homeostasis by regulating IFN-γ production under pathophysiological conditions. DCIR deficiency increased bone volume in femurs and caused aberrant ossification in joints, whereas these symptoms were abolished in Rag2(-/-)Dcir(-/-) mice. IFN-γ-producing T cells accumulated in lymph nodes and joints of Dcir(-/-) mice, and purified Dcir(-/-) DCs enhanced IFN-γ(+) T cell differentiation. The ankylotic changes and bone volume increase were suppressed in the absence of IFN-γ. Thus, IFN-γ is a positive chondrogenic and osteoblastogenic factor, and DCIR is a crucial regulator of bone metabolism; consequently, both factors are potential targets for therapies directed against bone metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; and
| | - Rikio Yabe
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 250-8673, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 250-8673, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fujikado
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; and Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 250-8673, Japan
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Choi S, Jun H, Bang J, Chung SH, Kim Y, Kim BS, Kim H, Beuchat LR, Ryu JH. Behaviour of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum on rice as affected by degree of milling, temperature, and relative humidity during storage. Food Microbiol 2014; 46:307-313. [PMID: 25475300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the survival and growth patterns of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum, as well as mycotoxin production, on Korean rice as affected by the degree of milling (rough, brown, and white rice) and storage conditions (21 °C/85% relative humidity [RH], 21 °C/97% RH, and 30 °C/85% RH). When rice was stored at 21 °C/85% RH, the population of A. flavus remained constant and aflatoxin was not produced, regardless of the degree of milling. At 21 °C/97% RH and 30 °C/85% RH, the populations of A. flavus increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and aflatoxins were produced. The highest population of A. flavus and highest amount of aflatoxin B1 were observed on brown rice stored at 21 °C/97% RH. For F. graminearum, when stored at 85% RH, the populations were reduced to less than a detectable level (5 CFU/g of rice) within 120 days and no deoxynivalenol (DON) was produced, regardless of the degree of milling and storage temperature. However, at 21 °C/97% RH, the population of F. graminearum increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and DON was produced on all types of rice. Findings from this study provide insights concerning storage conditions necessary to prevent growth and mycotoxin production by A. flavus and F. graminearum on Korean rice with different degrees of milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonyeong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Jun
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Bang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Jeongneung-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Neo Food Resources Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-dong, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Sam Kim
- Neo Food Resources Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-dong, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoikyung Kim
- Division of Human Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Larry R Beuchat
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Jee-Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SH, Feldman MD, Martinez D, Kim H, Busch DR, Yodh AG. Abstract P2-03-10: Non-invasively measured Warburg effect: Optically measured tissue oxygenation and its correlation with Ki67 proliferation. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-03-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Clinically, the level of Ki67 expression is used as a biomarker for cancer proliferation. In this clinical study, we focus on malignant tumor properties and investigate the correlations between macroscopically measured Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) physiological parameters with the Ki67 proliferation marker. The DOT tumor-to-normal tissue parameters were previously shown to have excellent tumor sensitivity and specificity by Choe and co-workers (JBO, 14(2):024020).
In order to quantify cell proliferation, the percent of Ki67-expressing nuclei (i.e., from all the nuclei in an ROI) was used to specify Ki67 expression in cancer and normal tissues. Then, the tumor-to-normal ratio of Ki67-expressing nuclei was calculated to derive “relative” Ki67 values (i.e., rKi67). For this analysis, only normal glandular tissues with Ki67 expression were used. For these determinations of rKi67, the range of the Ki67-nuclei present in cancer tissues was 0.36-23.45% (N = 8), and in normal tissues it was 0.19-7.41% (N = 8). Ki67-expression in cancer-only tissues was also compared to DOT parameters. The range of the Ki67 present in cancer used for the analysis of the cancer-only tissues was 0.36-27.77% (N = 15). Among the DOT parameters, rStO2 (relative tissue oxygenation) and rHbO2 (relative oxy-hemoglobin concentration) were highly correlated with rKi67 as shown in table 1 (Pearson correlation: 0.92, p-value: 0.001 for rStO2 and correlation: 0.93, p-value: 0.002 for rHbO2). Also, for cancer-only Ki67, rHb (relative deoxy-hemoglobin concentration) showed a weak inverse correlation with cancer Ki67%: correlation: -0.58, p-value: 0.026. We additionally tested if the Diffuse Optical Tomography parameters are significantly different in more proliferative cancer compared to the less proliferative cancer (as determined by the 15% cutoff point). For this purpose, only rHb differentiated Ki67-positive from Ki67-negative cancer, with lower values of rHb occurring for the Ki67-positive cancer (p-value: 0.018, Wilcoxon-ranked-sum test).
In this correlation study, we observed that rKi67 was highly correlated with rStO2 and rHbO2. Further, the cancer-only Ki67 showed lower correlations with the relative DOT parameters. However, we found that rHb was inversely correlated with cancer-only Ki67 percent values. Additionally, rHb was lower in the Ki67-positive cancer compared to the Ki67-negative cancer (using the 15% cutoff point). Taken together, these results suggest that in more proliferative cancers, although more oxy-hemoglobin might be supplied to the cancer, the level of oxygenated-hemoglobin remains high and less oxygen is utilized for cancer metabolism (i.e., consistent with lower rHb). This finding appears to be consistent with the Warburg effect, which accounts for the fact that proliferative cells will go through glycolysis to increase biomass without using oxygen, despite sufficient presence of oxygen in the tissue environment. Overall, the results of this study corroborate expectations that macroscopic measurement of breast cancer physiology using DOT can reveal information microscopic pathological properties of breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-03-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Chung
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - MD Feldman
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - D Martinez
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - H Kim
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - DR Busch
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - AG Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
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Kim TH, Jo S, Park Y, Lee HH, Chung SH, Lee WS. Differences in omega-3 and fatty acid profiles between patients with endometriosis and those with a functional ovarian cyst. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:597-600. [PMID: 23919858 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.786029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease. Problems associated with endometriosis include dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and infertility. We evaluated the omega-3 and fatty acid profiles in erythrocytes and tissues in patients with endometriosis (n = 10) or a functional ovarian cyst (n = 12), using a food frequency questionnaire that included questions about 117 food items typical of Korean meals. Erythrocyte levels of 20:5n3 and 22:6n3, the omega-3 index, and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher, and the n-6:n-3 ratio was significantly lower in the endometriosis group than in the functional ovarian cyst group. The functional ovarian cyst group consumed significantly more fruit than the group with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon
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Bae K, Na JB, Choi DS, Cho JM, Choi HC, Jeon KN, Park MJ, Choi HY, Kim JE, Chung SH. Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Mn-DPDP in healthy volunteers. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:1250-4. [PMID: 22553292 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/22238911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the biliary enhancement dynamics of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic-acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP) for contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (MRC) in healthy subjects. METHODS 15 healthy volunteers underwent MRI at 1.5 T with volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence. Each volunteer was scanned once for each contrast agent. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver parenchyma and common hepatic duct (CHD) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of CHD to liver parenchyma were evaluated and compared before and at several time points (5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) after injection of each agent. RESULTS SNR was significantly higher for Gd-EOB-DTPA than for Mn-DPDP in liver parenchyma after 5 min and in CHD after 15 min (p<0.05). CNR of CHD to liver parenchyma using Gd-EOB-DTPA showed an initial decrease at 5 min post-injection followed by a steep increase to a peak at 15 min post-injection. CNR using Mn-DPDP showed a steady increase to a peak at 15 min post-injection without an initial decrease. At 15 min, the value of CNR was significantly higher for Gd-EOB-DTPA than for Mn-DPDP (p<0.05). CONCLUSION For both contrast agents, CNR reached a peak at 15 min after contrast injection. At this time point, CNR of Gd-EOB-DTPA was significantly higher than that of Mn-DPDP. Therefore, Gd-EOB-DTPA may provide better contrast-enhanced MRC than Mn-DPDP at 15 min after contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bae
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Kim TH, Lee HH, Kim JM, Chung SH. Hysterectomy prevention using the uterine hollow obliterations (HYUNHO) method for placenta previa. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2012; 39:462-465. [PMID: 23444744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have invented a method of hysterectomy prevention called the uterine hollow obliteration (HYUNHO) method to preserve the uterus and fertility after treating placenta previa or accreta. METHODS Eighty patients underwent cesarean section because of placenta previa between January 2003 and December 2009. All patients eligible for the study were evaluated by followup and a telephone questionnaire about fertility, menstruation recovery, and complications. RESULTS The success rate on preserving the uterus with the HYUNHO method was 96.2%. Three cases required additional procedures, including a cesarean hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization (UAE), two cases underwent a cesarean hysterectomy after delivery, and one case underwent UAE. CONCLUSION The HYUNHO method is a safe, easy method for placenta previa, although it should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Lee WS, Park ES, Kim DH, Kim TH, Lee HH, Chung SH. Expression of p53, p27 and Jab1 protein in epithelial ovarian tumors. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2012; 33:358-362. [PMID: 23091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate expression of p53, p27 and Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) proteins in epithelial ovarian tumors and the values of these factors as discriminating markers for the transformation of borderline tumors to cancers. METHODS Forty-seven cases of paraffin-embedded tissues of epithelial ovarian tumors including 22 cases of benign ovarian tumors, nine cases of borderline tumors, and 16 cases of invasive cancers were used to evaluate expression of p53, p27 and Jab1 proteins by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS p53 protein was expressed in 13.6% of the benign tumors, 44.4% of the borderline tumors and 62.5% of the malignant tumors and p27 protein was expressed in 95.5% of the benign tumors, 66.7% of the borderline tumors, and 37.5% of the malignant tumors. Expression of Jab1 protein was observed in 22.7% of the benign tumors, 77.8% of the borderline tumors and 62.5% of the malignant tumors. Expressions of p53, p27 and Jab1 proteins in malignant tumors were all higher than in benign tumors and the expression of p27 protein in malignant tumors was lower than in benign tumors (p < 0.05). Expression of Jab1 protein in borderline tumors was significantly higher than in benign tumors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expression of p53, p27 and Jab1 proteins can be used to discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in epithelial ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SH, Feldman M, Choe R, Martinez D, Yodh AG. P2-10-03: Non-Invasive In Vivo Characterization of Cancer-Cell Proliferation & Angiogenesis in Cancer-Cell-Surrounding Stromal Microenvironment In-Vivo Using Diffuse Optical Tomography. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-10-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer cell proliferation and stromal microenvironment changes have been shown to indicate tumor growth (Orimo, Weinberg et al., Cell, 2005, Coussens and Werb, Nature, 2002). However, most studies were performed using excised tissue samples or cultured cells. In-vivo characterization of these properties in human breast cancer could magnify the importance of recent findings from in-vitro tissues. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) provides quantitative three-dimensional (3D) images of the physiological and pathological properties of breast cancer tissues in vivo. In this study, we investigate the relationship between DOT measured physiological parameters, such as hemoglobin & tissue oxygenation that differentiate malignant, benign and normal breast tissues (Choe, Yodh et al. JBO, 2009), and histologically quantified Ki67 expression in cancer cell nuclei and vasculature in the stromal microenvironment surrounding breast cancer cells.
Methods: DOT was employed to measure 20 infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. DOT utilizes non-ionizing low power near infrared light to examine a subject laying in the prone position on a bed with her breasts inside a breast box. DOT quantifies oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygenation. Cancer proliferation was quantified by calculating Ki67 stained nuclei percent and vascular area (calculated by detecting CD34 stained vascular structure using automated RGB based software).
Results: The ratio of Ki67 expression in cancer cells to surrounding normal cells was correlated with DOT-measured tumor-to-normal ratio of volume-averaged oxy-hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation (R=0.72, p-value: 0.0197 and R=0.68, p-value: 0.0293, respectively, N=10). The vascular area (μm2) the surrounding stroma was correlated with total hemoglobin concentration and oxy-hemoglobin (R=0.49, p-value: 0.1238 and R=0.43, p-value: 0.1819, respectively, N=11). Additionally, cancer-to-normal ratio of nuclei compactness and cancer micro-vessel density was correlated with tumor-to-normal ratio of oxy-hemoglobin concentration (R=0.43, p-value: 0.056 and R=0.43, p-value:0.058, respectively, N=20).
Discussion: The positive correlations between Ki67 cancer-proliferation-marker and tissue oxy-hemoglobin concentration indicate that DOT detects increased oxygenated environment for proliferating cells. The observation that nuclei compactness increases with oxy-hemoglobin concentration also supports the statement above, and, the correlation between hemoglobin concentration and vascular area in surrounding stroma suggests that DOT measures tumor growth stimulated by stromal micro-environment changes. The difference between the field of view needed to calculate a parameter value (i.e., macroscopic (cm3) for DOT and microscopic (|im3) for histology) likely lowers the correlation between the two technologies. However, the results of this study clearly suggest that DOT measures tumor growth due to proliferation of cancer cells and angiogenesis in cancer-cell-surrounding stroma. This work was supported by NIH and the Susan G. Komen for the Cure foundation.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Chung
- 1University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - M Feldman
- 1University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - R Choe
- 1University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - D Martinez
- 1University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
| | - AG Yodh
- 1University of Pennsylvania; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Rochester
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Chung SH, Seki K, Choi BI, Kimura KB, Ito A, Fujikado N, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. CXC chemokine receptor 4 expressed in T cells plays an important role in the development of collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R188. [PMID: 20939892 PMCID: PMC2991023 DOI: 10.1186/ar3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokines and their receptors are potential therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Among these, several studies suggested the involvement of CXC chemokine 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXC ligand 12 (SDF-1) in RA pathogenesis. However, the role of these molecules in T-cell function is not known completely because of embryonic lethality of Cxcr4- and Cxcl12-deficient mice. In this report, we generated T cell-specific Cxcr4-deficient mice and showed that the CXCR4 in T cells is important for the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods T cell-specific Cxcr4-deficient mice were generated by using the Cre-loxP system. Mice harboring loxP sites flanking exon 2 of the Cxcr4gene (Cxcr4flox/flox) were generated by homologous recombination and crossed with Cre transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of Lck promoter (Cxcr4+/+/Lck-Cremice) to generate T cell-specific Cxcr4-deficient mice (Cxcr4flox/flox/Lck-Cre mice). CIA was induced by immunization with chicken type II collagen and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Results The incidence, but not the severity, of CIA was significantly reduced in Cxcr4flox/flox/Lck-Cre mice compared with Cxcr4+/+/Lck-Cre mice. We found that the expression of CXCR4 was enhanced in activated T cells, and the migration of Cxcr4-deficient T cells toward SDF-1 was severely impaired. However, antibody production, cellular proliferative response, and cytokine production on treatment with type II collagen (IIC) were normal in these knockout mice, suggesting that CXCR4 is not involved in T-helper functions. Interestingly, the proportion of CXCR4-expressing T cells was much increased in affected joints compared with that in draining lymph nodes in CIA-induced mice, and distribution of Cxcr4flox/flox/Lck-Cre mouse-derived T cells into affected joints was suppressed compared with that in Cxcr4+/+/Lck-Cre T cells. Conclusions These results indicate that CXCR4 expression in T cells is important for the development of CIA, by recruiting activated T cells toward inflammatory sites, and suggest that CXCR4 is a good target for the treatment of RA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Abstract
Pigeons were trained to peck either of two response keys for food reinforcement on equated aperiodic schedules. The distribution of responding at the two keys was studied as reinforcement was delayed for various durations. The relative frequency of responding at each key was shown to match the relative immediacy of reinforcement, immediacy defined as the reciprocal of the delay of reinforcement.
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Abstract
When a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement was segmented into small fixed-interval components, with reinforcements following some components and brief blackouts following the others, rate of responding doubled and a positively accelerated pattern within each component was obtained. Presented according to this percentage reinforcement paradigm, the blackouts approximated the functions of a food reinforcer. These effects occurred only when the behavior sequence required to produce reinforcement was identical to that required to produce blackout. The quasi-reinforcing effects of these blackout stimuli suggest that a neutral stimulus need not occasion or accompany a primary reinforcer to acquire reinforcing properties.
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Chung SH, Cerussi AE, Merritt SI, Ruth J, Tromberg BJ. Non-invasive tissue temperature measurements based on quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) of water. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:3753-65. [PMID: 20551502 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/13/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a non-invasive method for quantitative tissue temperature measurements using Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). Our approach is based on well-characterized opposing shifts in near-infrared (NIR) water absorption spectra that appear with temperature and macromolecular binding state. Unlike conventional reflectance methods, DOS is used to generate scattering-corrected tissue water absorption spectra. This allows us to separate the macromolecular bound water contribution from the thermally induced spectral shift using the temperature isosbestic point at 996 nm. The method was validated in intralipid tissue phantoms by correlating DOS with thermistor measurements (R=0.96) with a difference of 1.1+/-0.91 degrees C over a range of 28-48 degrees C. Once validated, thermal and hemodynamic (i.e. oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration) changes were measured simultaneously and continuously in human subjects (forearm) during mild cold stress. DOS-measured arm temperatures were consistent with previously reported invasive deep tissue temperature studies. These results suggest that DOS can be used for non-invasive, co-registered measurements of absolute temperature and hemoglobin parameters in thick tissues, a potentially important approach for optimizing thermal diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Chung SH, Son SJ, Min J. The nanostructure effect on the adhesion and growth rates of epithelial cells with well-defined nanoporous alumina substrates. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:125104. [PMID: 20195010 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We systematically analyzed the adhesion and the proliferation of cells on various nanoporous alumina surfaces to understand the effects of nanostructured surfaces on cell behavior. Various nanoporous surfaces were fabricated using the anodizing method and characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adhesion rate and proliferation rate of cells as functions of pore size and depth were statistically investigated using a colorimetric method. The adhesion rate of cells was not affected by the depth of the nanoporous surface whereas the proliferation of cells dramatically increased when the aspect ratio of the nanopore was near unity. This phenomenon was further verified by comparing the change in roughness of the cytoplasmic layer of cells adhered on a nanoporous surface with that of a bare nanoporous surface. The proliferation of cells was also influenced by the pore size of the nanoporous surface because the nanostructure could control the interaction between extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and the surface. In conclusion, the nanostructured surfaces affected cell adhesion and proliferation by increasing the surface area to which the cells could adhere, and the interactions between small ECM molecules were influenced by the sufficiently small structures of the nanosurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Patel S, Chung SH, White G, Bao S, Celermajer DS. The "atheroprotective" mediators apolipoprotein A-I and Foxp3 are over-abundant in unstable carotid plaques. Int J Cardiol 2009; 145:183-187. [PMID: 19481824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is important in plaque vulnerability but the role of atheroprotective mediators in unstable plaques is not defined. The apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I) component of HDL, and CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (with their major transcription factor, Foxp3), have been implicated in the suppression of vascular inflammation. Our aim was to characterise the presence of these novel "protective" markers (apoA-I and Foxp3) in carotid plaques from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Plaques from 57 patients (25 symptomatic, 32 asymptomatic) were stained immunohistochemically for macrophages (CD68), T cells (CD3), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), apoA-I and Foxp3. Twelve randomly selected plaques (6 asymptomatic, 6 symptomatic) were immunostained for interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Staining was quantified using Image-Pro Plus software. Significantly greater areas of positive immunostaining for CD68, CD3, MCP-1, MMP-2, IL-17 and MPO were found in plaques from symptomatic patients compared with asymptomatic patients (p<0.05 for all). Furthermore, significantly greater areas of positive immunostaining for apoA-I, Foxp3 and IL-10 were found in symptomatic versus asymptomatic plaques (p<0.05 for all). The presence of apoA-I was correlated significantly and co-localised with CD3, CD68, MCP-1, MMP-2 and MPO immunostaining (R=0.70, 0.63, 0.52, 0.55 and 0.79, respectively; p<0.01 for all). Foxp3 immunostaining also correlated significantly with CD3 (R=0.42), CD68 (R=0.47), MCP-1 (R=0.55) and MMP-2 (R=0.44) immunostaining (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS ApoA-I and Foxp3 are over-abundant in plaques from symptomatic subjects and co-localise with key inflammatory mediators. These data suggest ineffective/insufficient protection against atherosclerosis-mediated inflammation by these "atheroprotective" moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - S H Chung
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - G White
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D S Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Oh KS, Scott PM, Chung SH. Incomplete recoveries of fumonisins present in naturally contaminated corn foods from an immunoaffinity column. J AOAC Int 2009; 92:496-501. [PMID: 19485209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Following previous observations of apparent instability of fumonisin B1 in corn starch and corn meal, immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup, of the type used in the analysis of commercial starch-containing corn foods for fumonisins, was investigated. Foods analyzed for naturally occurring fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 included corn flour (3 different products), corn meal, and corn flakes. In 2 series of experiments, fractions were eluted by gravity or vacuum from narrow- or wide-bore Fumonitest IACs either with 2 x 2 mL methanol, followed by 2 mL methanol-water (8 + 2, v/v), or with 2 mL methanol, then 2 mL methanol-water (8 + 2, v/v). The ratio (%) of fumonisin B1 concentration in the first methanol eluate to the total concentration measured from all eluates in most cases varied from 25-70%. Incomplete recoveries were also observed for fumonisins B2 and B3. It is concluded that there can be a major underestimation of naturally occurring fumonisins in methods using only methanol elution for IAC cleanup, as in AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Method 2001.04 (accuracy of these methods had been determined only by spiking the food with fumonisins). Elution with 2 x 2 mL methanol-water (8 + 2, v/v) was chosen as a practical procedure; means of 81-98% of the total fumonisin B1 concentration were found in the first eluate, except for corn flakes and 2 experiments with corn meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Soon Oh
- Korea Food and Drug Administration, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, Seoul 122-704, Korea
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Chung SH, Cerussi AE, Klifa C, Baek HM, Birgul O, Gulsen G, Merritt SI, Hsiang D, Tromberg BJ. In vivo water state measurements in breast cancer using broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:6713-27. [PMID: 18997265 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Structural changes in water molecules are related to physiological, anatomical and pathological properties of tissues. Near infrared (NIR) optical absorption methods are sensitive to water; however, detailed characterization of water in thick tissues is difficult to achieve because subtle spectral shifts can be obscured by multiple light scattering. In the NIR, a water absorption peak is observed around 975 nm. The precise NIR peak's shape and position are highly sensitive to water molecular disposition. We introduce a bound water index (BWI) that quantifies shifts observed in tissue water absorption spectra measured by broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). DOS quantitatively measures light absorption and scattering spectra and therefore reveals bound water spectral shifts. BWI as a water state index was validated by comparing broadband DOS to magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted MRI and conductivity in bound water tissue phantoms. Non-invasive DOS measurements of malignant and normal breast tissues performed in 18 subjects showed a significantly higher fraction of free water in malignant tissues (p < 0.0001) compared to normal tissues. BWI of breast cancer tissues inversely correlated with Nottingham-Bloom-Richardson histopathology scores. These results highlight broadband DOS sensitivity to molecular disposition of water and demonstrate the potential of BWI as a non-invasive in vivo index that correlates with tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Shin YK, Yoon IY, Han EK, No YM, Hong MC, Yun YD, Jung BK, Chung SH, Choi JB, Cyn JG, Lee YJ, Hong SC. Prevalence of narcolepsy-cataplexy in Korean adolescents. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117:273-8. [PMID: 17922892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy typically begins between adolescence and early adulthood causing severe neuropsychiatric impairments, but few prevalence studies are available on adolescent narcoleptics. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of narcolepsy-cataplexy in adolescents. METHODS In total 20,407 students, aged 14-19 years, participated in this study. Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS) was applied to all subjects and those with a UNS score of > or =14 were contacted by phone for semi-structured interview. Subjects then suspected of having narcolepsy participated in a laboratory investigation, which included polysomnography and HLA typing, or were interviewed in detail by telephone. RESULTS Three subjects were finally diagnosed as narcolepsy with cataplexy and seven subjects might be diagnosed as narcolepsy without cataplexy. Among three narcoleptics with cataplexy, two subjects were HLA-DQB1*0602 and DRB1*1501 positive, but one subject had no test of HLA typing. The prevalence of narcolepsy with cataplexy in Korean adolescence was thus determined to be 0.015% (95% confidence interval = 0.0-0.0313%). CONCLUSION This epidemiologic study is the first of its type on adolescent narcolepsy to use the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition (ICSD-2) diagnostic criteria. Considering those cases with an onset after adolescence were not included, the prevalence of narcolepsy with cataplexy determined in the present study is comparable with that of other studies in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Kim KO, Choe G, Chung SH, Kim CS. Delayed pharmacological pre-conditioning effect of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener on neurologic injury in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:236-42. [PMID: 18005376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diazoxide, pharmacological openers of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels have been shown to induce early pre-conditioning in the spinal cord. Here, the authors investigated whether diazoxide also induce delayed pre-conditioning and thereby reduce neurologic complications using a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. METHODS Infrarenal blood flow was interrupted for 20 min in 21 rabbits. Non-treated control animals received no pre-treatment. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg) were given 48 h before 20 min ischemia in the 48-h DZ group, whereas 15-min DZ group received diazoxide (5 mg/kg) 15 min before 20-min ischemia. Neurological functions were evaluated using Johnson scores for 3 days after reperfusion, after which, spinal cords were procured for hematoxylin and eosin staining for cell counting. RESULTS Johnson scores revealed a marked improvement in both the diazoxide-treated groups vs. the non-treated control group at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion (P<0.01). The histologic changes were proportional to the Johnson scores, with better preservation of motor neuron numbers in the animals of the 48-h DZ and 15-min DZ group relative to the non-treated controls (81+/-12, 90+/-10, 50+/-23 motor neurons, respectively, P<0.01). No difference was found between the 48-h DZ group and 15-min DZ group with respect to the Johnson scores or neuron numbers. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that pre-treatment with diazoxide 48 h before ischemia, induce delayed pharmacological pre-conditioning, thereby significantly improving clinical neurologic scores and histologic findings in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Noh H, Kim JS, Han KH, Lee GT, Song JS, Chung SH, Jeon JS, Ha H, Lee HB. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis: implications in functional and structural changes in the membrane. Kidney Int 2006; 69:2022-8. [PMID: 16641917 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive peritoneal fibrosis, membrane hyperpermeability, and ultrafiltration failure have been observed in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The present study tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by conventional PD solution (PDS) mediate functional and structural alterations of peritoneal membrane in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, PDS, PDS with an antioxidant, and PDS with an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker. Commercial PDS containing 3.86% glucose (20-30 ml) with or without N-acetylcystein (NAC) 10 mM or losartan 5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally twice a day for 12 weeks. Control rats received sham injection. Rats treated with PDS had significantly lower drain volume and D(4)/D(0) glucose, but higher D(4)/P(4) creatinine and increased membrane thickness and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression compared to control rats. Omental transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen I, and heat-shock protein (hsp) 47 expression and lipid peroxide levels and dialysate VEGF and Ang II concentrations were significantly increased in rats treated with PDS compared to control. All of these changes were prevented by both NAC and losartan. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ROS generated by conventional PDS are, in large part, responsible for peritoneal fibrosis and membrane hyperpermeability. We suggest that antioxidants or Ang II receptor blockers may allow better preservation of the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneal membrane during long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noh
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong YG, Chung SH, Kim CT, Kim KH, Han SY, Hyun BH, Lee NS, Sawada K, Won MH, Fukui Y. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Immunoreactivity Increases in the Cerebellar Climbing Fibers in the Novel Ataxic Mutant Mouse, Pogo. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:111-5. [PMID: 16542176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ataxic pogo mouse (pogo/pogo) is a novel neurological mutant, which was derived as an inbred strain (KJR/MsKist) from a Korean wild mouse. The pathological manifestations include a difficulty in maintaining a normal posture, the failure of inter-limb coordination and an inability to walk straight. In this study, we examined the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive cerebellar climbing fibres and their projections to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the pogo mutant mouse using immunohistochemistry. In the pogo/pogo mouse, a subset of climbing fibres was stained more intensely for CRF than in the control. Moreover, ataxic pogo mouse, neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus projecting climbing fibres were also more intensely stained for CRF than in the control. In the pogo/pogo mouse, TH immunoreactivity was located in the Purkinje cells, whereas no TH expression was found in the control. Double immunostaining for CRF and TH in the pogo/pogo cerebellum revealed that the distribution of TH-immunoreactive Purkinje cells corresponded to terminal fields of CRF-immunoreactive climbing fibres but not to the CRF-immunoreactive mossy fibres. Therefore, we suggest that an increase of CRF level may alter the function of targeted Purkinje cells and that it is related to the ataxic phenotype in the pogo mutant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam 320-711, South Korea.
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Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin widespread in cereals, occurs in polished rice that is consumed as cooked rice after washing and steaming. Cooking decreases OTA levels in food to varying extents, but little is known about how cooking changes the biological activity of this mycotoxin. We therefore evaluated the fate of OTA during rice cooking to determine the OTA residues and cytotoxic potential in vitro. Water-washed rice, ordinary cooked rice, and pressure-cooked rice were prepared from three polished rice lots naturally contaminated with OTA. Residual OTA in each sample was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas in vitro cytotoxicity of OTA to C6 glioma cells, susceptible to low levels (nanograms per milliliter) of OTA, was used to confirm the chemical analysis. OTA concentration, as determined by HPLC analysis, in the cooked rice by both types of cookers was significantly lower than (59 to 75%) in the raw polished rice and water-washed rice. The cytotoxicity of the OTA that remained in the pressure-cooked rice from three lots was markedly decreased (approximately 20%, P < 0.05) when compared with other samples in respective lots. This confirms that cooking lowers OTA residues. Although washing polished rice with water had little effect on OTA levels, pressure steaming appeared to be the critical cooking step not only to reduce OTA residues in polished rice before reaching the consumer as the dietary staple of cooked rice, but also to diminish cytotoxicity of OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Won Park
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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50
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Abstract
Water has been known to be the ideal solvent for moniliformin but is not suitable to extract this toxin from cooked matrices due to instant swelling upon addition of the solvent. In this study, an improved method to extract moniliformin from extruded corn grits using alpha-amylase was developed. In an effort to optimize the method, the efficacy of using a protease was also studied. Treatment with alpha-amylase resulted in a clear solution with decreased suspended solid content as measured by transmittance (%T), which improved from 0 to 96% in 10 min. The detected level of moniliformin from extruded corn grits was increased to 4.02 mug/g when extracted with 1% tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate following alpha-amylase treatment compared to 2.56 microg/g when it was extracted with 90% acetonitrile without enzyme treatment. The average recovery of moniliformin from extruded corn grits was 96% when alpha-amylase was used in the extraction procedure. Overall, the amounts of moniliformin detected in extruded corn grits increased significantly by using enzyme hydrolysis. Chromatographic separation was also benefited by lesser interference and improved peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul
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