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Scudese E, Vue Z, Katti P, Marshall A, Demirci M, Vang L, Garza Lopez E, Neikirk K, Le H, Stephens D, Hall DD, Rostami R, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Shao JQ, Mungai M, AshShareef S, Hicsasmaz I, Manus S, Whiteside A, Dasari R, Williams C, Damo S, Gaddy J, Kirabo A, Glancy B, Henrique Martin Dantas E, Kinder A, Kadam A, Tomar D, Scartoni F, Baffi M, McReynolds M, Wanjalla CN, Phillips MA, Cooper A, Murray S, Quintana AM, Exil V, Mobley B, Hinton A. 3D Mitochondrial Structure in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle: Insights into MFN-2 Mediated Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.13.566502. [PMID: 38168206 PMCID: PMC10760012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Age-related atrophy of skeletal muscle, is characterized by loss of mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity during aging. Notably, bioenergetics and protein turnover studies have shown that mitochondria mediate this decline in function. Although exercise has been the only therapy to mitigate sarcopenia, the mechanisms that govern how exercise serves to promote healthy muscle aging are unclear. Mitochondrial aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial capacity, so we sought to investigate how aging affects mitochondrial structure and potential age-related regulators. Specifically, the three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial structure associated with morphological changes in skeletal muscle during aging requires further elucidation. We hypothesized that aging causes structural remodeling of mitochondrial 3D architecture representative of dysfunction, and this effect is mitigated by exercise. We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to image human skeletal tissue samples, followed by manual contour tracing using Amira software for 3D reconstruction and subsequent analysis of mitochondria. We then applied a rigorous in vitro and in vivo exercise regimen during aging. Across 5 human cohorts, we correlate differences in magnetic resonance imaging, mitochondria 3D structure, exercise parameters, and plasma immune markers between young (under 50 years) and old (over 50 years) individuals. We found that mitochondria we less spherical and more complex, indicating age-related declines in contact site capacity. Additionally, aged samples showed a larger volume phenotype in both female and male humans, indicating potential mitochondrial swelling. Concomitantly, muscle area, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial dynamic proteins showed age-related losses. Exercise stimulation restored mitofusin 2 (MFN2), one such of these mitochondrial dynamic proteins, which we show is required for the integrity of mitochondrial structure. Furthermore, we show that this pathway is evolutionarily conserved as Marf, the MFN2 ortholog in Drosophila, knockdown alters mitochondrial morphology and leads to the downregulation of genes regulating mitochondrial processes. Our results define age-related structural changes in mitochondria and further suggest that exercise may mitigate age-related structural decline through modulation of mitofusin 2.
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Luan Y, Zhu X, Jiao Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Pei J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Ren K. Cardiac cell senescence: molecular mechanisms, key proteins and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38355681 PMCID: PMC10866973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging, particularly cardiac cell senescence, is a natural process that occurs as we age. Heart function gradually declines in old age, leading to continuous heart failure, even in people without a prior history of heart disease. To address this issue and improve cardiac cell function, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac senescence. This review summarizes the main mechanisms and key proteins involved in cardiac cell senescence. This review further discusses the molecular modulators of cellular senescence in aging hearts. Furthermore, the discussion will encompass comprehensive descriptions of the key drugs, modes of action and potential targets for intervention in cardiac senescence. By offering a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of cardiac senescence, this review seeks to provide a fresh perspective and important theoretical foundations for the development of drugs targeting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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Mehdizadeh M, Aguilar M, Thorin E, Ferbeyre G, Nattel S. The role of cellular senescence in cardiac disease: basic biology and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:250-264. [PMID: 34667279 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, classically defined as stable cell cycle arrest, is implicated in biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing and ageing. Senescent cells have a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), involving a range of pro-inflammatory factors with important paracrine and autocrine effects on cell and tissue biology. Clinical evidence and experimental studies link cellular senescence, senescent cell accumulation, and the production and release of SASP components with age-related cardiac pathologies such as heart failure, myocardial ischaemia and infarction, and cancer chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. However, the precise role of senescent cells in these conditions is unclear and, in some instances, both detrimental and beneficial effects have been reported. The involvement of cellular senescence in other important entities, such as cardiac arrhythmias and remodelling, is poorly understood. In this Review, we summarize the basic biology of cellular senescence and discuss what is known about the role of cellular senescence and the SASP in heart disease. We then consider the various approaches that are being developed to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells and their consequences. Many of these strategies are applicable in vivo and some are being investigated for non-cardiac indications in clinical trials. We end by considering important knowledge gaps, directions for future research and the potential implications for improving the management of patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mehdizadeh
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Aguilar
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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da Rocha AL, Rovina RL, Pinto AP, Marafon BB, da Silva LECM, Simabuco FM, Frantz FG, Pauli JR, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Filho HT, de Freitas EC, Rivas DA, da Silva ASR. Interleukin-6 ablation does not alter morphofunctional heart characteristics but modulates physiological and inflammatory markers after strenuous exercise. Cytokine 2021; 142:155494. [PMID: 33765652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy and can be dramatically increased in serum after an acute strenuous exercise session. However, IL-6 is also associated with the increased production and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after chronic moderate exercise. To elucidate the relevance of IL-6 in inflammatory and hypertrophic signaling in the heart in response to an acute strenuous exercise session, we combined transcriptome analysis using the BXD mice database and exercised IL-6 knockout mice (IL-6KO). Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that low or high-levels of Il6 mRNA in the heart did not change the inflammation- and hypertrophy-related genes in BXD mice strains. On the other hand, bioinformatic analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Il6 gene expression in skeletal muscle with inflammation-related genes in cardiac tissue in several BXD mouse strains, suggesting that skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 could alter the heart's intracellular signals, particularly the inflammatory signaling. As expected, an acute strenuous exercise session increased IL-6 levels in wild-type, but not in IL-6KO mice. Despite not showing morphofunctional differences in the heart at rest, the IL-6KO group presented a reduction in physical performance and attenuated IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1beta kinetics in serum, as well as lower p38MAPK phosphorylation, Ampkalpha expression, and higher Acta1 and Tnf gene expressions in the left ventricle in the basal condition. In response to strenuous exercise, IL-6 ablation was linked to a reduction in the pro-inflammatory response and higher activation of classical physiological cardiac hypertrophy proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian E C M da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo T Filho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donato A Rivas
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, United States, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pang BPS, Chan WS, Chan CB. Mitochondria Homeostasis and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Skeletal Muscle-Do Myokines Play a Role? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020179. [PMID: 33513795 PMCID: PMC7911667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to substantiate various biochemical activities. Instead of being a static intracellular structure, they are dynamic organelles that perform constant structural and functional remodeling in response to different metabolic stresses. In situations that require a high ATP supply, new mitochondria are assembled (mitochondrial biogenesis) or formed by fusing the existing mitochondria (mitochondrial fusion) to maximize the oxidative capacity. On the other hand, nutrient overload may produce detrimental metabolites such as reactive oxidative species (ROS) that wreck the organelle, leading to the split of damaged mitochondria (mitofission) for clearance (mitophagy). These vital processes are tightly regulated by a sophisticated quality control system involving energy sensing, intracellular membrane interaction, autophagy, and proteasomal degradation to optimize the number of healthy mitochondria. The effective mitochondrial surveillance is particularly important to skeletal muscle fitness because of its large tissue mass as well as its high metabolic activities for supporting the intensive myofiber contractility. Indeed, the failure of the mitochondrial quality control system in skeletal muscle is associated with diseases such as insulin resistance, aging, and muscle wasting. While the mitochondrial dynamics in cells are believed to be intrinsically controlled by the energy content and nutrient availability, other upstream regulators such as hormonal signals from distal organs or factors generated by the muscle itself may also play a critical role. It is now clear that skeletal muscle actively participates in systemic energy homeostasis via producing hundreds of myokines. Acting either as autocrine/paracrine or circulating hormones to crosstalk with other organs, these secretory myokines regulate a large number of physiological activities including insulin sensitivity, fuel utilization, cell differentiation, and appetite behavior. In this article, we will review the mechanism of myokines in mitochondrial quality control and ROS balance, and discuss their translational potential.
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Tarasiuk E, Bonda TA, Dziemidowicz M, Winnicka MM, Bernaczyk P, Kamiński KA. The effect of interleukin 6 deficiency on myocardial signal transduction pathways activation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in young and old mice. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:386-393. [PMID: 32693349 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exaggerated release of proinflammatory mediators during sepsis contributes to inadequate vasodilatation and depressed myocardial contractility, which lead to development of shock and circulatory collapse. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of IL-6 and aging on activation of intracellular signaling pathways in the myocardium induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. MATERIAL/METHODS LPS was injected intraperitoneally to male 3- and 24-month old mice with systemic IL-6 gene knock-out (IL-6KO) and the reference strain (WT). LPS was given intraperitoneally in single low (0.1 mg/kg) or high (10 mg/kg) dose, or in two doses (0.1 + 10 mg/kg) with 24-h delay. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, Akt1/2/3 proteins in the left ventricular myocardium was evaluated after 24 h using Western blotting. RESULTS Low LPS dose induced higher STAT3 phosphorylation only in old IL-6KO mice, not affecting ERK1/2 and Akt1/2/3 phosphorylation in any group. High LPS dose upregulated STAT3 phosphorylation similarly in all groups, reduced ERK1/2 expression in young WT mice and upregulated Akt1/2/3 expression and phosphorylation in young IL-6KO mice. Pretreatment with low LPS dose attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 in both old groups and phosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 in young IL-6KO group. Two-dose approach also significantly potentiated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both old groups. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results show that IL-6 deficiency alters the activity of intracellular signaling pathways: JAK/STAT in old and Akt in young LPS-treated mice. This may indicate that lack of IL-6 attenuates Akt-related cytoprotective effect of pretreatment with low LPS dose in young but not in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tarasiuk
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz A Bonda
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziemidowicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria M Winnicka
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Bernaczyk
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol A Kamiński
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, Cabrera EMB, Marafon BB, Kohama EB, Rovina RL, Simabuco FM, Bueno Junior CR, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR. Role of interleukin-6 in inhibiting hepatic autophagy markers in exercised mice. Cytokine 2020; 130:155085. [PMID: 32259772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the crosstalk of inflammation with apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the main objective of this study was to explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on genes and proteins related to these phenomena in the livers of mice submitted to acute exhaustive exercise. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting technique were used to evaluate the livers of wild-type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice at baseline (BL) and 3 h after the acute exhaustive physical exercise (EE). RESULTS Compared to the WT at baseline, the IL-6 KO had lower exhaustion velocity, mRNA levels of Mtor, Ulk1, Map1lc3b, and Mapk14, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K. For the WT group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3, Mtor, Ulk1, Foxo1a, Mapk14, and Ppargc1a, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1. For the IL-6 KO group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3 and Foxo1a, and protein contents of pAkt/Akt and Mature/Pro IL-1beta, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1, and protein contents of p-AMPK/AMPK. CONCLUSION The inhibition of the hepatic autophagy markers induced by the acute EE was attenuated in IL-6 KO mice, highlighting a new function of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M B Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eike B Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Junior
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Messa GAM, Piasecki M, Hurst J, Hill C, Tallis J, Degens H. The impact of a high-fat diet in mice is dependent on duration and age, and differs between muscles. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb217117. [PMID: 31988167 PMCID: PMC7097303 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged high-fat diets (HFDs) can cause intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation that may negatively affect muscle function. We investigated the duration of a HFD required to instigate these changes, and whether the effects are muscle specific and aggravated in older age. Muscle morphology was determined in the soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles of female CD-1 mice from 5 groups: young fed a HFD for 8 weeks (YS-HFD, n=16), young fed a HFD for 16 weeks (YL-HFD, n=28) and young control (Y-Con, n=28). The young animals were 20 weeks old at the end of the experiment. Old (70 weeks) female CD-1 mice received either a normal diet (O-Con, n=30) or a HFD for 9 weeks (OS-HFD, n=30). Body mass, body mass index and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content increased in OS-HFD (P≤0.003). In the young mice, this increase was seen in YL-HFD and not YS-HFD (P≤0.006). The soleus and diaphragm fibre cross-sectional area (FCSA) in YL-HFD was larger than that in Y-Con (P≤0.004) while OS-HFD had a larger soleus FCSA compared with that of O-Con after only 9 weeks on a HFD (P<0.001). The FCSA of the EDL muscle did not differ significantly between groups. The oxidative capacity of fibres increased in young mice only, irrespective of HFD duration (P<0.001). High-fat diet-induced morphological changes occurred earlier in the old animals than in the young, and adaptations to HFD were muscle specific, with the EDL being least responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A M Messa
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Cameron Hill
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Kings College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
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Bonda TA, Dziemidowicz M, Cieslinska M, Tarasiuk E, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Bialuk I, Winnicka MM, Kaminski KA. Interleukin 6 Knockout Inhibits Aging-Related Accumulation of p53 in the Mouse Myocardium. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:176-182. [PMID: 29718116 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL6) and p53 are linked by mutual regulatory mechanisms and are both upregulated in aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging and IL6 on expression of p53 in the mouse heart. Male C57BL6/J wild-type and IL6 knockout mice at the age of 4-5 months (young adult) and 24-30 months (old) were used. Myocardial expression of proteins such as p53, p21, Mdm2, and phospho-Akt/Akt was estimated using Western blotting and expression of p53 and p21 mRNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of p53 protein was lower in IL6 knockout hearts than in wild-type hearts. Aging caused significant upregulation of p53 protein level; however, it was significantly higher in old wild-type hearts than in old IL6 knockout hearts (p < .05). Similar p53 mRNA levels in all groups implied IL6 influence on age-related proteasomal degradation of p53. Localization of p53 mainly in the extranuclear compartment and lack of p21 upregulation in aged hearts may suggest quenched transcriptional activity of p53 despite increased abundance of p53. We conclude that lack of IL6 attenuates expression of p53 protein in the hearts of young mice and diminishes its accumulation with aging by post-transcriptional mechanisms; however, this is not related to altered phenotype of aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Bonda
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziemidowicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieslinska
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Tarasiuk
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Bialuk
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria M Winnicka
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol A Kaminski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
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