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Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, Cabrera EMB, Marafon BB, Kohama EB, Rovina RL, Simabuco FM, Bueno Junior CR, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR. Role of interleukin-6 in inhibiting hepatic autophagy markers in exercised mice. Cytokine 2020; 130:155085. [PMID: 32259772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the crosstalk of inflammation with apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the main objective of this study was to explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on genes and proteins related to these phenomena in the livers of mice submitted to acute exhaustive exercise. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting technique were used to evaluate the livers of wild-type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice at baseline (BL) and 3 h after the acute exhaustive physical exercise (EE). RESULTS Compared to the WT at baseline, the IL-6 KO had lower exhaustion velocity, mRNA levels of Mtor, Ulk1, Map1lc3b, and Mapk14, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K. For the WT group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3, Mtor, Ulk1, Foxo1a, Mapk14, and Ppargc1a, and protein contents of ATG5 and p-p70S6K/p70S6K, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1. For the IL-6 KO group, the EE decreased glycemia, mRNA levels of Casp3 and Foxo1a, and protein contents of pAkt/Akt and Mature/Pro IL-1beta, but increased mRNA levels of Sqstm1, and protein contents of p-AMPK/AMPK. CONCLUSION The inhibition of the hepatic autophagy markers induced by the acute EE was attenuated in IL-6 KO mice, highlighting a new function of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M B Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eike B Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Junior
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pinto AP, Vieira TS, Marafon BB, Batitucci G, Cabrera EMB, da Rocha AL, Kohama EB, Rodrigues KCC, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, de Freitas EC, da Silva ASR. The Combination of Fasting, Acute Resistance Exercise, and Protein Ingestion Led to Different Responses of Autophagy Markers in Gastrocnemius and Liver Samples. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030641. [PMID: 32121154 PMCID: PMC7146592 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study verified the responses of proteins related to the autophagy pathway after 10 h of fast with resistance exercise and protein ingestion in skeletal muscle and liver samples. The rats were distributed into five experimental groups: control (CT; sedentary and without gavage after fast), exercise immediately (EXE-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise after 1 h (EXE-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage 1 h after exercise), exercise and supplementation immediately after exercise (EXE/Suppl-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise and supplementation 1 h after exercise (EXE/Suppl-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage 1 h after exercise). In summary, the current findings show that the combination of fasting, acute resistance exercise, and protein blend ingestion (immediately or 1 h after the exercise stimulus) increased the serum levels of leucine, insulin, and glucose, as well as the autophagy protein contents in skeletal muscle, but decreased other proteins related to the autophagic pathway in the liver. These results deserve further mechanistic investigations since athletes are combining fasting with physical exercise to enhance health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Tales S. Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Bruno B. Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Elisa M. B. Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Alisson L. da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Eike B. Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Kellen C. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - José R. Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Dennys E. Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Ellen C. de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Adelino S. R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33150522; Fax: +55-16-33150551
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