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Yang K, Mitchell NM, Banerjee S, Cheng Z, Taylor S, Kostic AM, Wong I, Sajjath S, Zhang Y, Stevens J, Mohan S, Landry DW, Worgall TS, Andrews AM, Stojanovic MN. A functional group-guided approach to aptamers for small molecules. Science 2023; 380:942-948. [PMID: 37262137 PMCID: PMC10686217 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aptameric receptors are important biosensor components, yet our ability to identify them depends on the target structures. We analyzed the contributions of individual functional groups on small molecules to binding within 27 target-aptamer pairs, identifying potential hindrances to receptor isolation-for example, negative cooperativity between sterically hindered functional groups. To increase the probability of aptamer isolation for important targets, such as leucine and voriconazole, for which multiple previous selection attempts failed, we designed tailored strategies focused on overcoming individual structural barriers to successful selections. This approach enables us to move beyond standardized protocols into functional group-guided searches, relying on sequences common to receptors for targets and their analogs to serve as anchors in regions of vast oligonucleotide spaces wherein useful reagents are likely to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Yang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Noelle M. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saswata Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhenzhuang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aleksandra M. Kostic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Isabel Wong
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sairaj Sajjath
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yameng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacob Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donald W. Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tilla S. Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milan N. Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, and Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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She R, Al-Sari NH, Mattila IM, Sejling AS, Pedersen J, Legido-Quigley C, Pedersen-Bjergaard U. Decreased branched-chain amino acids and elevated fatty acids during antecedent hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003327. [PMID: 37369531 PMCID: PMC10410980 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoglycemia is a major limiting factor in achieving recommended glycemic targets for people with type 1 diabetes. Exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia results in blunted hormonal counter-regulatory and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia. Limited data on metabolic adaptation to recurrent hypoglycemia are available. This study examined the acute metabolic responses to hypoglycemia and the effect of antecedent hypoglycemia on these responses in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-one outpatients with type 1 diabetes with normal or impaired awareness of hypoglycemia participated in a study assessing the response to hypoglycemia on 2 consecutive days by a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. Participants underwent a period of normoglycemia and a period of hypoglycemia during the hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. Plasma samples were taken during normoglycemia and at the beginning and the end of the hypoglycemic period. Metabolomic analysis of the plasma samples was conducted using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 68 metabolites were studied. On day 1, concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids, leucine (p=3.8×10-3) and isoleucine (p=2.2×10-3), decreased during hypoglycemia. On day 2, during hypoglycemia, five amino acids (including leucine and isoleucine) significantly decreased, and two fatty acids (tetradecanoic and oleic acids) significantly increased (p<0.05). Although more metabolites responded to hypoglycemia on day 2, the responses of the single metabolites were not statistically significant between the 2 days. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with type 1 diabetes, one episode of hypoglycemia decreases leucine and isoleucine concentrations. Antecedent hypoglycemia results in the decrement of five amino acids and increases the concentrations of two fatty acids, suggesting an alteration between the two hypoglycemic episodes, which could indicate a possible adaptation. However, more studies are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of these alterations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01337362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui She
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kobenhavn, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Naba Hassan Al-Sari
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ismo Matias Mattila
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Sejling
- Boston Global Development, Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kobenhavn, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
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Hu W, Liu Z, Yu W, Wen S, Wang X, Qi X, Hao H, Lu Y, Li J, Li S, Zhou H. Effects of PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 on serum branched-chain amino acid levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:1316-1326. [PMID: 34382495 PMCID: PMC8366658 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1965204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS Anthropometric and biochemical examinations were performed at baseline and the end of 4 years in 234 individuals who were randomly recruited from the Diabetes Prevention Programme in Huai'an and received lifestyle intervention and follow up for 4 years. Serum BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine and valine (Val)) levels were measured by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method and the PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 were detected by high-throughput SNP genotyping at baseline. The associations of rs1440581 and rs7678928 with serum BCAA levels and risk for CVD after 4 years were further evaluated. RESULTS The distribution frequencies of PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p> .05). The baseline serum levels of Val (p = .022) and total BCAAs (p = .026) in subjects with rs1440581 CC genotype were higher than in those with TT genotype. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of BCAAs among subjects with different genotypes of rs7678928. After 4-year follow-up, the subjects with rs1440581 CC genotype had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = .027), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = .019), triglycerides (TGs) (p = .019) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p = .008) than those with TT genotype, and had higher AST level than those with TT (p = .030) or TC (p = .003) genotype; the subjects with rs7678928 TT genotype had higher SBP (p = .039) and DBP (p = .019) and lower HDL-c than those with CC (p = .017) genotype. Lifestyle intervention had little influence on the serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TG, HDL-c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST and creatinine (CREA) in subjects with rs1440581 CC genotype or rs7678928 TT genotype (p> .05). The incidences of CVD and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with rs1440581 CC genotype were higher than in those with TT genotype; the incidence of CVD in subjects with rs7678928 TT genotype was higher than in those with CC (p < .05) genotype. CONCLUSIONS Allele C of PPM1K rs1440581 was associated with elevated serum Val, total BCAAs and CVD risks. rs1440581 CC genotype may be a better marker than baseline serum BCAAs in predicting the risk for CVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Diabetes Prevention Programme in Huai'an of Huai'an Second People's Hospital, ChiCTR-TRC-14005029.KEY MESSAGEAllele C of PPM1K rs1440581 was relevant to elevated serum Val and total BCAAs.PPM1K rs1440581 CC and rs7678928 TT genotypes were associated with CVD risk.PPM1K rs1440581 CC genotype carriers were more likely to have liver injury and develop NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Weinan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Surong Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Xing Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Hairong Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Shayan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen B, Yang Y, Yang C, Duan J, Chen L, Lu K, Yi B, Chen Y, Xu D, Huang H. M2 macrophage accumulation contributes to pulmonary fibrosis, vascular dilatation, and hypoxemia in rat hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7682-7697. [PMID: 34041750 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) markedly increases the mortality of patients. However, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Rat HPS develops in common bile duct ligation (CBDL)-induced, but not thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis. We investigated the mechanisms of HPS by comparing these two models. Pulmonary histology, blood gas exchange, and the related signals regulating macrophage accumulation were assessed in CBDL and TAA rats. Anti-polymorphonuclear leukocyte (antiPMN) and anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (antiGM-CSF) antibodies, clodronate liposomes (CL), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) inhibitor (bindarit) were administrated in CBDL rats, GM-CSF, and MCP1 were administrated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, vascular dilatation, and hypoxemia were progressively developed by 1 week after CBDL, but only occurred at 4 week after TAA. Neutrophils were the primary inflammatory cells within 3 weeks after CBDL and at 4 week after TAA. M2 macrophages were the primary inflammatory cells, meantime, pulmonary fibrosis, GM-CSFR, and CCR2 were specifically increased from 4 week after CBDL. AntiPMN antibody treatment decreased neutrophil and macrophage accumulation, CL or the combination of antiGM-CSF antibody and bindarit treatment decreased macrophage recruitment, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, vascular dilatation, and hypoxemia in CBDL rats alleviated. The combination treatment of GM-CSF and MCP1 promoted cell migration, M2 macrophage differentiation, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production in BMDMs. Conclusively, our results highlight neutrophil recruitment mediates pulmonary vascular dilatation and hypoxemia in the early stage of rat HPS. Further, M2 macrophage accumulation induced by GM-CSF/GM-CSFR and MCP1/CCR2 leads to pulmonary fibrosis and promotes vascular dilatation and hypoxemia, as a result, HPS develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Congwen Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Duan
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Solís-Ortiz S, Arriaga-Avila V, Trejo-Bahena A, Guevara-Guzmán R. Deficiency in the Essential Amino Acids l-Isoleucine, l-Leucine and l-Histidine and Clinical Measures as Predictors of Moderate Depression in Elderly Women: A Discriminant Analysis Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113875. [PMID: 34836128 PMCID: PMC8623361 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in depression are common in some elderly women. Elderly women often show moderate depressive symptoms, while others display minimal depressive symptoms. These discrepancies have produced contradictory and inconclusive outcomes, which have not been explained entirely by deficits in neurotransmitter precursors. Deficiency in some amino acids have been implicated in major depression, but its role in non-clinical elderly women is not well known. An analysis of essential amino acids, depression and the use of discriminant analysis can help to clarify the variation in depressive symptoms exhibited by some elderly women. The aim was to investigate the relationship of essential amino acids with affective, cognitive and comorbidity measures in elderly women without major depression nor severe mood disorders or psychosis, specifically thirty-six with moderate depressive symptoms and seventy-one with minimal depressive symptoms. The plasma concentrations of nineteen amino acids, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores, global cognitive scores and comorbidities were submitted to stepwise discriminant analysis to identify predictor variables. Seven predictors arose as important for belong to the group based on amino acid concentrations, with the moderate depressive symptoms group characterized by higher BDI, GDS and cognitive scores; fewer comorbidities; and lower levels of l-histidine, l-isoleucine and l-leucine. These findings suggest that elderly women classified as having moderate depressive symptoms displayed a deficiency in essential amino acids involved in metabolism, protein synthesis, inflammation and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Solís-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +52-477-7145859
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Avila
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.A.-A.); (R.G.-G.)
| | - Aurora Trejo-Bahena
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico;
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.A.-A.); (R.G.-G.)
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Zeleznik OA, Balasubramanian R, Ren Y, Tobias DK, Rosner BA, Peng C, Bever AM, Frueh L, Jeanfavre S, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish CB, Mora S, Hu FB, Eliassen AH. Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Breast Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab059. [PMID: 34585062 PMCID: PMC8460878 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels reflect metabolic health and dietary intake. However, associations with breast cancer are unclear. Methods We evaluated circulating BCAA levels and breast cancer risk within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII (1997 cases and 1997 controls). A total of 592 NHS women donated 2 blood samples 10 years apart. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer risk in multivariable logistic regression models. We conducted an external validation in 1765 cases in the Women’s Health Study (WHS). All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Among NHSII participants (predominantly premenopausal at blood collection), elevated circulating BCAA levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk (eg, isoleucine highest vs lowest quartile, multivariable OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.13, Ptrend = .20), with statistically significant linear trends among fasting samples (eg, isoleucine OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.05, Ptrend = .05). In contrast, among postmenopausal women, proximate measures (<10 years from blood draw) were associated with increased breast cancer risk (eg, isoleucine OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.39, Ptrend = .01), with stronger associations among fasting samples (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.61, Ptrend = .01). Distant measures (10-20 years since blood draw) were not associated with risk. In the WHS, a positive association was observed for distant measures of leucine among postmenopausal women (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.58, Ptrend = .04). Conclusions No statistically significant associations between BCAA levels and breast cancer risk were consistent across NHS and WHS or NHSII and WHS. Elevated circulating BCAA levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk among predominantly premenopausal NHSII women and higher risk among postmenopausal women in NHS but not in the WHS. Additional studies are needed to understand this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Oana A. Zeleznik, PhD, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yumeng Ren
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Peng
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alaina M Bever
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julian Avila-Pacheco
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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O'Reilly D, Crushell E, Hughes J, Ryan S, Rogers Y, Borovickova I, Mayne P, Riordan M, Awan A, Carson K, Hunter K, Lynch B, Shahwan A, Rüfenacht V, Häberle J, Treacy EP, Monavari AA, Knerr I. Maple syrup urine disease: Clinical outcomes, metabolic control, and genotypes in a screened population after four decades of newborn bloodspot screening in the Republic of Ireland. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:639-655. [PMID: 33300147 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 1972, 18 patients (10 females/8 males) have been detected by newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) with neonatal-onset maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in Ireland. Patients were stratified into three clusters according to clinical outcome at the time of data collection, including developmental, clinical, and IQ data. A fourth cluster comprised of two early childhood deaths; a third patient died as an adult. We present neuroimaging and electroencephalography together with clinical and biochemical data. Incidence of MSUD (1972-2018) was 1 in 147 975. Overall good clinical outcomes were achieved with 15/18 patients alive and with essentially normal functioning (with only the lowest performing cluster lying beyond a single SD on their full scale intelligence quotient). Molecular genetic analysis revealed genotypes hitherto not reported, including a possible digenic inheritance state for the BCKDHA and DBT genes in one family. Treatment has been based on early implementation of emergency treatment, diet, close monitoring, and even dialysis in the setting of acute metabolic decompensation. A plasma leucine ≥400 μmol/L (outside therapeutic range) was more frequently observed in infancy or during adolescence, possibly due to infections, hormonal changes, or noncompliance. Children require careful management during metabolic decompensations in early childhood, and this represented a key risk period in our cohort. A high level of metabolic control can be achieved through diet with early implementation of a "sick day" regime and, in some cases, dialysis as a rescue therapy. The Irish cohort, despite largely classical phenotypes, achieved good outcomes in the NBS era, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and skilled multidisciplinary team management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O'Reilly
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen Crushell
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Hughes
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Ryan
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Rogers
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingrid Borovickova
- Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- National Newborn Screening Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Mayne
- Metabolic Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- National Newborn Screening Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Riordan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Atif Awan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Carson
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim Hunter
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan Lynch
- Department of Neurology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amre Shahwan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Véronique Rüfenacht
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eileen P Treacy
- Adult Metabolic Services/National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad A Monavari
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ina Knerr
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
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Laufenberg LJ, Crowell KT, Lang CH. Alcohol Acutely Antagonizes Refeeding-Induced Alterations in the Rag GTPase-Ragulator Complex in Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2021; 13:1236. [PMID: 33918604 PMCID: PMC8070399 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ragulator protein complex is critical for directing the Rag GTPase proteins and mTORC1 to the lysosome membrane mediating amino acid-stimulated protein synthesis. As there is a lack of evidence on alcohol's effect on the Rag-Ragulator complex as a possible mechanism for the development of alcoholic skeletal muscle wasting, the aim of our study was to examine alterations in various protein-protein complexes in the Rag-Ragulator pathway produced acutely by feeding and how these are altered by alcohol under in vivo conditions. Mice (C57Bl/6; adult males) were fasted, and then provided rodent chow for 30 min ("refed") or remained food-deprived ("fasted"). Mice subsequently received ethanol (3 g/kg ethanol) or saline intraperitoneally, and hindlimb muscles were collected 1 h thereafter for analysis. Refeeding-induced increases in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and mTOR and S6K1 phosphorylation, were prevented by alcohol. This inhibition was not associated with a differential rise in the intracellular leucine concentration or plasma leucine or insulin levels. Alcohol increased the amount of the Sestrin1•GATOR2 complex in the fasted state and prevented the refeeding-induced decrease in Sestrin1•GATOR2 seen in control mice. Alcohol antagonized the increase in the RagA/C•Raptor complex formation seen in the refed state. Alcohol antagonized the increase in Raptor with immunoprecipitated LAMPTOR1 (part of the Ragulator complex) after refeeding and decreased the association of RagC with LAMPTOR1. Finally, alcohol increased the association of the V1 domain of v-ATPase with LAMPTOR1 and prevented the refeeding-induced decrease in v-ATPase V1 with LAMPTOR1. Overall, these data demonstrate that acute alcohol intake disrupts multiple protein-protein complexes within the Rag-Ragulator complex, which are associated with and consistent with the concomitant decline in nutrient-stimulated muscle protein synthesis under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacee J. Laufenberg
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (L.J.L.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Kristen T. Crowell
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (L.J.L.); (K.T.C.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles H. Lang
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (L.J.L.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Hiraiwa H, Okumura T, Kondo T, Kato T, Kazama S, Kimura Y, Ishihara T, Iwata E, Shimojo M, Kondo S, Aoki S, Kanzaki Y, Tanimura D, Sano H, Awaji Y, Yamada S, Murohara T. Prognostic value of leucine/phenylalanine ratio as an amino acid profile of heart failure. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:965-977. [PMID: 33481086 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) causes a hypercatabolic state that enhances the catabolic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in the heart and skeletal muscles and reduces protein synthesis in the liver. Consequently, free plasma aromatic amino acids (AAA, tyrosine and phenylalanine) are increased. To date, we have reported the prognostic value of the BCAA/AAA ratio (Fischer's ratio) in patients with HF. However, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio, which is a simpler index than the Fischer's ratio, has not been examined. Therefore, the prognostic value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio in patients with HF was investigated. Overall 157 consecutive patients hospitalized for worsening HF (81 men, median age 78 years) were enrolled in the study. Plasma amino acid levels were measured when the patients were stabilized at discharge. Cardiac events were defined as a composite of cardiac death and hospitalization for worsening HF. A total of 46 cardiac events occurred during the median follow-up period of 238 (interquartile range 93-365) days. The median leucine/phenylalanine ratio was significantly lower in patients with cardiac events than in those without cardiac events (1.4 vs. 1.8, P < 0.001). The best cutoff value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was determined as 1.7 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for cardiac events. Following a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the low group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio < 1.7, n = 72) had more cardiac events than the high group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio ≥ 1.7, n = 85) (log-rank, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was an independent predictor of cardiac events. Furthermore, on comparing the prognostic values for cardiac events based on ROC curves of leucine levels, BCAA levels, Fischer's ratio, and leucine/phenylalanine ratio, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was the most accurate in predicting future cardiac events (area under the curve 0.763,; sensitivity 0.783,; specificity 0.676,; P < 0.001). The leucine/phenylalanine ratio could be a useful predictor of future cardiac events in patients with HF, reflecting an imbalance in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hiraiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Toru Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Kazama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Etsuo Iwata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimojo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sayano Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soichiro Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Awaji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumio Yamada
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Zhao X, Feng X, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Li X, Niu J, Meng X, Wu J, Xu G, Hou L, Wang Y. How to Screen and Prevent Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of PCOS Early: Implications From Metabolomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:659268. [PMID: 34149613 PMCID: PMC8207510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.659268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disorder. And metabolic syndrome (MS) is an important bridge for PCOS patients to develop other diseases, such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. Our aim was to study the potential metabolic characteristics of PCOS-MS and identify sensitive biomarkers so as to provide targets for clinical screening, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS In this study, 44 PCOS patients with MS, 34 PCOS patients without MS, and 32 healthy controls were studied. Plasma samples of subjects were tested by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system combined with LTQ-orbi-trap mass spectrometry. The changes of metabolic characteristics from PCOS to PCOS-MS were systematically analyzed. Correlations between differential metabolites and clinical characteristics of PCOS-MS were assessed. Differential metabolites with high correlation were further evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify their sensitivity as screening indicators. RESULTS There were significant differences in general characteristics, reproductive hormone, and metabolic parameters in the PCOS-MS group when compared with the PCOS group and healthy controls. We found 40 differential metabolites which were involved in 23 pathways when compared with the PCOS group. The metabolic network further reflected the metabolic environment, including the interaction between metabolic pathways, modules, enzymes, reactions, and metabolites. In the correlation analysis, there were 11 differential metabolites whose correlation coefficient with clinical parameters was greater than 0.4, which were expected to be taken as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Besides, these 11 differential metabolites were assessed by ROC, and the areas under curve (AUCs) were all greater than 0.7, with a good sensitivity. Furthermore, combinational metabolic biomarkers, such as glutamic acid + leucine + phenylalanine and carnitine C 4: 0 + carnitine C18:1 + carnitine C5:0 were expected to be sensitive combinational biomarkers in clinical practice. CONCLUSION Our study provides a new insight to understand the pathogenesis mechanism, and the discriminating metabolites may help screen high-risk of MS in patients with PCOS and provide sensitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyun Niu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Lihui Hou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Lihui Hou,
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Lihui Hou,
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Sayda MH, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Greenhaff PL, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103029. [PMID: 33023275 PMCID: PMC7601782 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we sought to investigate the links between fasting plasma BCAA following a progressive resistance exercise training (RET) programme, an intervention known to improve metabolic health. Fasting plasma BCAA were quantified in adults (young: 18-28 y, n = 8; middle-aged: 45-55 y, n = 9; older: 65-75 y, n = 15; BMI: 23-28 kg/m2, both males and females (~50:50), in a cross-sectional, intervention study. Participants underwent 20-weeks whole-body RET. Measurements of body composition, muscle strength (1-RM) and metabolic health biomarkers (e.g., HOMA-IR) were made pre- and post-RET. BCAA concentrations were determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No associations were observed across age with BCAA; however, RET elicited (p < 0.05) increases in plasma BCAA (all age-groups), while HOMA-IR scores reduced (p < 0.05) following RET. After RET, positive correlations in lean body mass (p = 0.007) and strength gains (p = 0.001) with fasting BCAA levels were observed. Elevated BCAA are not a robust marker of ageing nor IR in those with a healthy BMI; rather, despite decreasing IR, RET was associated with increased BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariwan H. Sayda
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - John P. Williams
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Paul L. Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.H.S.); (B.E.P.); (J.P.W.); (P.L.G.); (D.J.W.); (K.S.)
- The National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine—East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-332-724-725
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12
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Oberoi RK, Zhao W, Rosebraugh M, Mensa F, Wang H, Liu W. A Thorough QT Study of the Combination Glecaprevir + Pibrentasvir on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Subjects. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1317-1329. [PMID: 32622784 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fixed-dose combination glecaprevir (GLE) 300 mg + pibrentasvir (PIB) 120 mg is an orally administered once daily antiviral regimen approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for cardiac repolarization following GLE + PIB administration in healthy adults. METHODS This placebo- and active-controlled, randomized, single-dose, 4-period, 4-sequence crossover study enrolled 48 healthy subjects. The doses of GLE 400 mg + PIB 120 mg were selected to provide exposures comparable to those with the doses that are therapeutic in the HCV-infected population, GLE 300 mg + PIB 120 mg. The doses of GLE 600 mg + PIB 240 mg were selected to provide supratherapeutic exposures without exceeding the exposures of the GLE + PIB maximal tolerated doses. Moxifloxacin 400 mg (active control/open label) was used for confirming the sensitivity of the ECG assay in detecting QTc prolongation. Time-matched plasma concentrations and triplicate ECGs were obtained on treatment days -1 and 1. The primary end point was time-matched, placebo-corrected, baseline-adjusted Fridericia-corrected QT interval (ΔΔQTcF). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses characterized the relationship between GLE and PIB plasma concentrations and ΔΔQTcF using a linear regression model and linear mixed-effects model. Findings from categorical analyses of ECG-interval data were also summarized. Tolerability was evaluated through adverse-events monitoring, physical examination including vital sign measurements, ECGs, and laboratory tests. FINDINGS A total of 48 subjects (22 women [46%], 26 men [54%]), were enrolled in the study, and 47 subjects completed all 4 periods. None of the subjects had a change from baseline in QTcF interval of >30 msec or an absolute QTcF interval of >450 msec. Peak ΔΔQTcF values observed at 5 h postdose (Tmax) were 2.9 msec (upper 95% confidence limit, 4.9 msec) with the therapeutic dose and 3.1 msec (upper 95% confidence limit, 5.1 msec) with the supratherapeutic dose, with both upper 95% confidence limits well below the 10-msec threshold. Assay sensitivity was confirmed by peak ΔΔQTcF in the positive control (12.8 ms at 2 h postdose). No statistically significant GLE or PIB concentration-dependent effects on ΔΔQTcF were observed. Headache and skin irritation from ECG electrodes were the most commonly reported AEs. No clinically significant vital sign measurements, ECG findings, or laboratory measurements were observed. There were no patterns of T- and U-wave morphologic abnormalities. IMPLICATIONS The fixed-dose combination regimen of GLE/PIB does not prolong the QTc interval. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, USA.
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13
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Rigamonti AE, Leoncini R, De Col A, Tamini S, Cicolini S, Abbruzzese L, Cella SG, Sartorio A. The Appetite-Suppressant and GLP-1-Stimulating Effects of Whey Proteins in Obese Subjects are Associated with Increased Circulating Levels of Specific Amino Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030775. [PMID: 32183423 PMCID: PMC7146343 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The satiating effect of whey proteins depends upon their unique amino acid composition because there is no difference when comparing whey proteins or a mix of amino acids mimicking the amino acid composition of whey proteins. The specific amino acids underlying the satiating effect of whey proteins have not been investigated to date. AIMS AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the appetite-suppressant effect of an isocaloric drink containing whey proteins or maltodextrins on appetite (satiety/hunger measured by a visual analogue scale or VAS), anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptides (circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)) and amino acids (circulating levels of single, total [TAA] and branched-chain amino acids [BCAA]) in a cohort of obese female subjects (n = 8; age: 18.4 ± 3.1 years; body mass index, BMI: 39.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2). RESULTS Each drink significantly increased satiety and decreased hunger, the effects being more evident with whey proteins than maltodextrins. Similarly, circulating levels of GLP-1, PYY and amino acids (TAA, BCAA and alanine, arginine, asparagine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) were significantly higher with whey proteins than maltodextrins. In subjects administered whey proteins (but not maltodextrins), isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, and valine were significantly correlated with hunger (negatively), satiety, and GLP-1 (positively). CONCLUSIONS Eight specific amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, and valine) were implicated in the appetite-suppressant and GLP-1-stimulating effects of whey proteins, which may be mediated by their binding with nutrient-sensing receptors expressed by L cells within the gastrointestinal wall. The long-term satiating effect of whey proteins and the effectiveness of a supplementation with these amino acids (i.e., as a nutraceutical intervention) administered during body weight reduction programs need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-17013; Fax: +39-02-503-17011
| | - Roberto Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Tamini
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabrina Cicolini
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
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14
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Strauss KA, Carson VJ, Soltys K, Young ME, Bowser LE, Puffenberger EG, Brigatti KW, Williams KB, Robinson DL, Hendrickson C, Beiler K, Taylor CM, Haas-Givler B, Chopko S, Hailey J, Muelly ER, Shellmer DA, Radcliff Z, Rodrigues A, Loeven K, Heaps AD, Mazariegos GV, Morton DH. Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency (maple syrup urine disease): Treatment, biomarkers, and outcomes. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:193-206. [PMID: 31980395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, we studied 184 individuals with 174 different molecular variants of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity, and here delineate essential clinical and biochemical aspects of the maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) phenotype. We collected data about treatment, survival, hospitalization, metabolic control, and liver transplantation from patients with classic (i.e., severe; n = 176), intermediate (n = 6) and intermittent (n = 2) forms of MSUD. A total of 13,589 amino acid profiles were used to analyze leucine tolerance, amino acid homeostasis, estimated cerebral amino acid uptake, quantitative responses to anabolic therapy, and metabolic control after liver transplantation. Standard instruments were used to measure neuropsychiatric outcomes. Despite advances in clinical care, classic MSUD remains a morbid and potentially fatal disorder. Stringent dietary therapy maintains metabolic variables within acceptable limits but is challenging to implement, fails to restore appropriate concentration relationships among circulating amino acids, and does not fully prevent cognitive and psychiatric disabilities. Liver transplantation eliminates the need for a prescription diet and safeguards patients from life-threatening metabolic crises, but is associated with predictable morbidities and does not reverse pre-existing neurological sequelae. There is a critical unmet need for safe and effective disease-modifying therapies for MSUD which can be implemented early in life. The biochemistry and physiology of MSUD and its response to liver transplantation afford key insights into the design of new therapies based on gene replacement or editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Penn Medicine-Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Vincent J Carson
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Penn Medicine-Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Soltys
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cora M Taylor
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Chopko
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Emilie R Muelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Permanente Medical Group, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Diana A Shellmer
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Radcliff
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | | | | | - George V Mazariegos
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Holmes Morton
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Penn Medicine-Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA; Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville, PA, USA
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Pinto AP, Vieira TS, Marafon BB, Batitucci G, Cabrera EMB, da Rocha AL, Kohama EB, Rodrigues KCC, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, de Freitas EC, da Silva ASR. The Combination of Fasting, Acute Resistance Exercise, and Protein Ingestion Led to Different Responses of Autophagy Markers in Gastrocnemius and Liver Samples. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030641. [PMID: 32121154 PMCID: PMC7146592 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study verified the responses of proteins related to the autophagy pathway after 10 h of fast with resistance exercise and protein ingestion in skeletal muscle and liver samples. The rats were distributed into five experimental groups: control (CT; sedentary and without gavage after fast), exercise immediately (EXE-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise after 1 h (EXE-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage 1 h after exercise), exercise and supplementation immediately after exercise (EXE/Suppl-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise and supplementation 1 h after exercise (EXE/Suppl-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage 1 h after exercise). In summary, the current findings show that the combination of fasting, acute resistance exercise, and protein blend ingestion (immediately or 1 h after the exercise stimulus) increased the serum levels of leucine, insulin, and glucose, as well as the autophagy protein contents in skeletal muscle, but decreased other proteins related to the autophagic pathway in the liver. These results deserve further mechanistic investigations since athletes are combining fasting with physical exercise to enhance health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Tales S. Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Bruno B. Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Elisa M. B. Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Alisson L. da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Eike B. Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Kellen C. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - José R. Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Dennys E. Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Ellen C. de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Adelino S. R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33150522; Fax: +55-16-33150551
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Gao X, Hou R, Li X, Qiu XH, Luo HH, Liu SL, Fang ZZ. The Association Between Leucine and Diabetic Nephropathy in Different Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:619422. [PMID: 33633688 PMCID: PMC7900620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate how leucine are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and the gender difference of this association. METHODS We retrieved 1,031 consecutive patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the same tertiary care center and extracted clinical information from electronic medical record. Plasma leucine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to examine potential non-linear relationship between leucine and the risk of DN. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Additive interaction was used to estimate the interaction effect between leucine and gender for DN. RESULTS We found there was a negative correlation between leucine and the risk of DN. After stratifying all patients by gender, this relationship only remained significant in women (OR:0.57, CI:0.41-0.79). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, T2D patients with high levels of leucine have a lower risk of developing DN in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqin Hou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Hua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huan Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Center of Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Lin Liu, ; Zhong-Ze Fang,
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Lin Liu, ; Zhong-Ze Fang,
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Brennan JL, Keerati-u-rai M, Yin H, Daoust J, Nonnotte E, Quinquis L, St-Denis T, Bolster DR. Differential Responses of Blood Essential Amino Acid Levels Following Ingestion of High-Quality Plant-Based Protein Blends Compared to Whey Protein-A Double-Blind Randomized, Cross-Over, Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2987. [PMID: 31817691 PMCID: PMC6950667 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the bio-equivalence of high-quality, plant-based protein blends versus Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) in healthy, resistance-trained men. The primary endpoint was incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of blood essential Amino Acids (eAAs) 4 hours after consumption of each product. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of blood leucine were secondary outcomes. Subjects (n = 18) consumed three plant-based protein blends and WPI (control). An analysis of Variance model was used to assess for bio-equivalence of total sum of blood eAA concentrations. The total blood eAA iAUC ratios of the three blends were [90% CI]: #1: 0.66 [0.58-0.76]; #2: 0.71 [0.62-0.82]; #3: 0.60 [0.52-0.69], not completely within the pre-defined equivalence range [0.80-1.25], indicative of 30-40% lower iAUC versus WPI. Leucine Cmax of the three blends was not equivalent to WPI, #1: 0.70 [0.67-0.73]; #2: 0.72 [0.68-0.75]; #3: 0.65 [0.62-0.68], indicative of a 28-35% lower response. Leucine Tmax for two blends were similar to WPI (#1: 0.94 [0.73-1.18]; #2: 1.56 [1.28-1.92]; #3: 1.19 [0.95-1.48]). The plant-based protein blends were not bio-equivalent. However, blood leucine kinetic data across the blends approximately doubled from fasting concentrations, whereas blood Tmax data across two blends were similar to WPI. This suggests evidence of rapid hyperleucinemia, which correlates with a protein's anabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huaixia Yin
- Danone North America, Louisville, CO 80027, USA
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18
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Hung SY, Tsai JS, Yeh JT, Chen KH, Lin CN, Yang HM, Lin CW, Chen HY, Huang CH, Huang YY. Amino acids and wound healing in people with limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcers. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:107403. [PMID: 31375421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are associated with wound healing in traumatic wounds and burns, although their effects on healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and identify specific amino acids associated with healing outcomes of patients with DFUs. METHODS Sixty-two out of 85 patients who completed the in-hospital treatment for limb-threatening DFUs were enrolled. All ulcers had epithelialization without clinical evidence of infection at discharge. The patients and their families were instructed on foot-care techniques and committed to regular follow-up for 1 year. Baseline characteristics, PEDIS wound classification, laboratory data and serum amino acid levels were used to analyze their predictive power. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients completed the study in which 38 had healed and 19 had unhealed ulcers. The unhealed group had higher incidence of coronary artery disease and larger wound size. Most patients received endovascular therapy (81.6% healed group; 78.9% unhealed group) before enrollment. Following adjustments for clinical factors, the serum levels of arginine (326.4 μmol/L vs. 245.0 μmol/L, P = 0.045), isoleucine (166.7 μmol/L vs. 130.1 μmol/L, P = 0.019), leucine (325.8 μmol/L vs. 248.9 μmol/L, P = 0.039), and threonine (186.7 μmol/L vs. 152.0 μmol/L, P = 0.019) were significantly higher in the healed group. CONCLUSIONS The amino acids associated with wound healing in DFUs differ from those reported for traditional traumatic wounds. These findings affirm the necessity for future large-scaled studies for the application of these amino acids in DFU healing, either as prognostic predictors or supplemented regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Shiong Tsai
- Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ting Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huei Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Holwerda AM, Paulussen KJM, Overkamp M, Goessens JPB, Kramer IF, Wodzig WKWH, Verdijk LB, de Groot LCPGM, van Loon LJC. Leucine coingestion augments the muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 15 g of protein following resistance exercise in older men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E473-E482. [PMID: 31112406 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Older adults have shown an attenuated postexercise increase in muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of smaller amounts of protein compared with younger adults. Consequently, it has been suggested that older adults require the ingestion of more protein to increase postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates compared with younger adults. We investigated whether coingestion of 1.5 g of free leucine with a single 15-g bolus of protein further augments the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response during recovery from resistance-type exercise in older men. Twenty-four healthy older men (67 ± 1 yr) were randomly assigned to ingest 15 g of milk protein concentrate (MPC80) with (15G+LEU; n = 12) or without (15G; n = 12) 1.5 g of free leucine after performing a single bout of resistance-type exercise. Postprandial protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics, whole body protein metabolism, and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed using primed, continuous infusions with l-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine, l-[ring-2H2]tyrosine, and l-[1-13C]leucine combined with ingestion of intrinsically l-[1-13C]phenylalanine-labeled milk protein. A total of 70 ± 1% (10.5 ±0.2 g) and 75 ± 2% (11.2 ± 0.3 g) of the protein-derived amino acids were released in the circulation during the 6-h postexercise recovery phase in 15G+LEU and 15G, respectively (P < 0.05). Postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were 16% (0.058 ± 0.003 vs. 0.049 ± 0.002%/h, P < 0.05; based on l-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine) and 19% (0.071 ± 0.003 vs. 0.060 ± 0.003%/h, P < 0.05; based on l-[1-13C]leucine) greater in 15G+LEU compared with 15G. Leucine coingestion further augments the postexercise muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of a single 15-g bolus of protein in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin J M Paulussen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Overkamp
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joy P B Goessens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene-Fleur Kramer
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Will K W H Wodzig
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Dijk FJ, van Dijk M, Walrand S, van Loon LJC, van Norren K, Luiking YC. Differential effects of leucine and leucine-enriched whey protein on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in aged mice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 24:127-133. [PMID: 29576350 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been suggested that anabolic resistance, or a blunted protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, contributes to the failure of muscle mass maintenance in older adults. The amino acid leucine is one of the most prominent food-related anabolic stimuli. However, data on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after administration of a single bolus of leucine in aged populations is lacking and long-term single leucine supplementation has not been shown to increase muscle mass. This study aimed to determine the MPS response to the administration of a single bolus of leucine or to leucine combined with whey protein, in aged mice. METHODS Overnight fasted C57/BL6RJ mice at 25-mo of age received an oral gavage with leucine or whey-protein enriched with leucine (0.75 g/kg bodyweight total leucine in both) or 0.5 mL water (fasted control). Subsequently, mice were s.c. injected with puromycin (0.04 μmol/g bw at t = 30, 45 or 60 min) and were sacrificed 30 min thereafter. Amino acid concentrations were determined in plasma and right muscle tibialis anterior (TA). Left TA was used to analyse MPS by SUnSET method and phosphorylation rate of Akt, 4E-BP1 and p70S6k by western blot. RESULTS In aged mice, leucine administration failed to increase MPS, despite a 6-fold increase in plasma leucine and elevated muscle free leucine levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, leucine-enriched whey protein significantly stimulated MPS in aged mice at 60 min after gavage (P < 0.05). Muscle free EAA, NEAA and the phosphorylation rate of Akt, 4E-BP1 and p70S6k increased significantly (P < 0.05), only after administration of leucine-enriched whey protein. CONCLUSIONS MPS is stimulated in aged mice by leucine-enriched whey protein but not by leucine administration only. Administration of other amino acids may be required for leucine administration to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-630000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Yvette C Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Texas A&M University, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Center for Translation Research in Aging & Longevity, College Station, United States.
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Huynh FK, Hu X, Lin Z, Johnson JD, Hirschey MD. Loss of sirtuin 4 leads to elevated glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin levels and accelerated age-induced insulin resistance in multiple murine genetic backgrounds. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:59-72. [PMID: 28726069 PMCID: PMC5775063 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several inherited metabolic disorders are associated with an accumulation of reactive acyl-CoA metabolites that can non-enzymatically react with lysine residues to modify proteins. While the role of acetylation is well-studied, the pathophysiological relevance of more recently discovered acyl modifications, including those found in inherited metabolic disorders, warrants further investigation. We recently showed that sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) removes glutaryl, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, 3-methylglutaryl, and 3-methylglutaconyl modifications from lysine residues. Thus, we used SIRT4 knockout mice, which can accumulate these novel post-translational modifications, as a model to investigate their physiological relevance. Since SIRT4 is localized to mitochondria and previous reports have shown SIRT4 influences metabolism, we thoroughly characterized glucose and lipid metabolism in male and female SIRT4KO mice across different genetic backgrounds. While only minor perturbations in overall lipid metabolism were observed, we found SIRT4KO mice consistently had elevated glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin levels in vivo and developed accelerated age-induced insulin resistance. Importantly, elevated leucine-stimulated insulin levels in SIRT4KO mice were dependent upon genetic background since SIRT4KO mice on a C57BL/6NJ genetic background had elevated leucine-stimulated insulin levels but not SIRT4KO mice on the C57BL/6J background. Taken together, the data suggest that accumulation of acyl modifications on proteins in inherited metabolic disorders may contribute to the overall metabolic dysfunction seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Huynh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Scott AI, Cusmano-Ozog K, Enns GM, Cowan TM. Correction of hyperleucinemia in MSUD patients on leucine-free dietary therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:156-159. [PMID: 29032949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a rare disorder of branched-chain amino acid catabolism associated with encephalopathy from accumulation of leucine. Leucine is closely monitored during normal growth and particularly during acute illness. As most hospitals do not have access to rapid plasma amino acid quantification, the initial management is often empirical. A model describing the reduction of plasma leucine in hyperleucinemic patients on leucine-free formula would help to guide management and optimize testing frequency. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed charts from 15 MSUD patients comprising 29 episodes of hyperleucinemia that were managed with leucine-free formula. Episodes were categorized by clinical presentation. RESULTS Upon leucine restriction, plasma leucine concentrations fell exponentially at a rate proportional to approximately 50% of the starting value over each 24-hour period. Recovery appears to be sensitive to clinical status and triggering event of the hyperleucinemic episode. Patients with upper respiratory infections generally recovered slowly, while cases of dietary non-adherence resolved more quickly. CONCLUSION This general model may help anticipate leucine levels during clinical management of MSUD patients when using nutritional support and leucine-free formula. The response of individual patients may vary depending on clinical status and triggering factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Scott
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tina M Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Abi-Wardé MT, Roda C, Arnoux JB, Servais A, Habarou F, Brassier A, Pontoizeau C, Barbier V, Bayart M, Leboeuf V, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Dubois S, Assoun M, Belloche C, Alili JM, Husson MC, Lesage F, Dupic L, Theuil B, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P. Long-term metabolic follow-up and clinical outcome of 35 patients with maple syrup urine disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:783-792. [PMID: 28905140 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare disease that requires a protein-restricted diet for successful management. Little is known, however, about the psychosocial outcome of MSUD patients. This study investigates the relationship between metabolic and clinical parameters and psychosocial outcomes in a cohort of patients with neonatal-onset MSUD. METHODS Data on academic achievement, psychological care, family involvement, and biochemical parameters were collected from the medical records of neonatal MSUD patients treated at Necker Hospital (Paris) between 1964 and 2013. RESULTS Thirty-five MSUD patients with a mean age of 16.3 (2.1-49.0) years participated. Metabolic decompensations (plasma leucine >380 μmol/L) were more frequent during the first year of life and after 15 years, mainly due to infection and dietary noncompliance, respectively. Leucine levels increased significantly in adulthood: 61.5% of adults were independent and achieved adequate social and professional integration; 56% needed occasional or sustained psychological or psychiatric care (8/19, with externalizing, mood, emotional, and anxiety disorders being the most common). Patients needing psychiatric care were significantly older [mean and standard deviation (SD) 22.6 (7.7) years] than patients needing only psychological follow-up [mean (SD) 14.3 (8.9) years]. Patients with psychological follow-up experienced the highest lifetime number of decompensations; 45% of families had difficulty coping with the chronic disease. Parental involvement was negatively associated with the number of lifetime decompensations. CONCLUSION Adults had increased levels of plasma leucine, consistent with greater chronic toxicity. Psychological care was associated with age and number of decompensations. In addition, parental involvement appeared to be crucial in the management of MSUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Abi-Wardé
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Célina Roda
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Arnoux
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aude Servais
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Habarou
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anais Brassier
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Clément Pontoizeau
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Barbier
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Manuella Bayart
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Leboeuf
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Chadefaux-Vekemans
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Dubois
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Assoun
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Claire Belloche
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Meidi Alili
- Pharmaceutical Establishment of APHP, AGEPS, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabrice Lesage
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dupic
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Theuil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Institute Imagine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Birech Z, Mwangi PW, Bukachi F, Mandela KM. Application of Raman spectroscopy in type 2 diabetes screening in blood using leucine and isoleucine amino-acids as biomarkers and in comparative anti-diabetic drugs efficacy studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185130. [PMID: 28926628 PMCID: PMC5605051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an irreversible condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Currently, there are no predictive biomarkers for this disease and the existing ones such as hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose are used only when diabetes symptoms are noticed. The objective of this work was first to explore the potential of leucine and isoleucine amino acids as diabetes type 2 biomarkers using their Raman spectroscopic signatures. Secondly, we wanted to explore whether Raman spectroscopy can be applied in comparative efficacy studies between commercially available anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone and the locally used anti-diabetic herbal extract Momordica spinosa (Gilg.)Chiov. Sprague Dawley (SD) rat’s blood was used and were pipetted onto Raman substrates prepared from conductive silver paste smeared glass slides. Prominent Raman bands associated with glucose (926, 1302, 1125 cm−1), leucine (1106, 1248, 1302, 1395 cm−1) and isolecucine (1108, 1248, 1437 and 1585 cm−1) were observed. The Raman bands centered at 1125 cm−1, 1395 cm−1 and 1437 cm−1 associated respectively to glucose, leucine and isoleucine were chosen as biomarker Raman peaks for diabetes type 2. These Raman bands displayed decreased intensities in blood from diabetic SD rats administered antidiabetic drugs pioglitazone and herbal extract Momordica spinosa (Gilg.)Chiov. The intensity decrease indicated reduced concentration levels of the respective biomarker molecules: glucose (1125 cm−1), leucine (1395 cm−1) and isoleucine (1437 cm−1) in blood. The results displayed the power and potential of Raman spectroscopy in rapid (10 seconds) diabetes and pre-diabetes screening in blood (human or rat’s) with not only glucose acting as a biomarker but also leucine and isoleucine amino-acids where intensities of respectively assigned bands act as references. It also showed that using Raman spectroscopic signatures of the chosen biomarkers, the method can be an alternative for performing comparative efficacy studies between known and new anti-diabetic drugs. Reports on use of Raman spectroscopy in type 2 diabetes mellitus screening with Raman bands associated with leucine and isoleucine molecules acting as reference is rare in literature. The use of Raman spectroscopy in pre-diabetes screening of blood for changes in levels of leucine and isoleucine amino acids is particularly interesting as once elevated levels are noticed, necessary interventions to prevent diabetes development can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: (ZB); (KMM)
| | - Peter Waweru Mwangi
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Bukachi
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Keith Makori Mandela
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: (ZB); (KMM)
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Liu R, Li H, Fan W, Jin Q, Chao T, Wu Y, Huang J, Hao L, Yang X. Leucine Supplementation Differently Modulates Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Profiles at the Different Stage of Insulin Resistance in Rats on High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060565. [PMID: 28574481 PMCID: PMC5490544 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The available findings concerning the association between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—particularly leucine—and insulin resistance are conflicting. BCAAs have been proposed to elicit different or even opposite effects, depending on the prevalence of catabolic and anabolic states. We tested the hypothesis that leucine supplementation may exert different effects at different stages of insulin resistance, to provide mechanistic insights into the role of leucine in the progression of insulin resistance. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 1.5% leucine, or HFD with a 20% calorie restriction for 24 or 32 weeks. Leucine supplementation led to abnormal catabolism of BCAA and the incompletely oxidized lipid species that contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed rats in the early stage of insulin resistance (24 weeks). However, leucine supplementation induced no remarkable alternations in BCAA catabolism, but did enhance mitochondrial biogenesis with a concomitant improvement in lipid oxidation and mitochondrial function during the hyperglycaemia stage (32 weeks). These findings suggest that leucine trigger different effects on metabolic signatures at different stages of insulin resistance, and the overall metabolic status of the organisms should be carefully considered to potentiate the benefits of leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenjuan Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiu Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tingting Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuanjue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Junmei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Atherton PJ, Kumar V, Selby AL, Rankin D, Hildebrandt W, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Hiscock N, Smith K. Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:888-895. [PMID: 27208923 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink with leucine would improve anabolic responses to resistance exercise (RE: 6 × 8 knee-extension repetitions at 75% of 1-RM) in both young and older adults. Groups (n = 9) of young (24 ± 6 y, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m-2) and older men (70 ± 5 y, BMI 25 ± 2 kg m-2) were randomized to either: (i) RE followed by Slim-Fast Optima (SFO 10 g PRO; 24 g CHO) with 4.2 g of leucine (LEU) or, (ii) RE + SFO with 4.2 g of alanine (ALA; isonitrogenous control). Muscle biopsies were taken before, immediately after, and 1, 2 and 4 h after RE and feeding. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was measured by incorporation of [1, 2-13C2] leucine into myofibrillar proteins and the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 by immunoblotting. In young men, both area under the curve (AUC; FSR 0-4 h P < 0.05) and peak FSR (0.11 vs. 0.08%.h.-1; P < 0.05) were greater in the SFO + LEU than in the SFO + ALA group, after RE. Similarly, in older men, AUC analysis revealed that post-exercise anabolic responses were greater in the SFO + LEU than SFO + ALA group, after RE (AUC; FSR 0-4 h P < 0.05). Irrespective of age, increases in p70S6K1 phosphorylation were evident in response to both SFO + LEU and SFO + ALA, although greater with leucine supplementation than alanine (fold-change 2.2 vs. 3.2; P < 0.05), specifically in the older men. We conclude that addition of Leucine to a sub-maximal PRO bolus improves anabolic responses to RE in young and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Atherton
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Anna L Selby
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Debbie Rankin
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Wulf Hildebrandt
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Beth E Phillips
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - John P Williams
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK; Anaesthetic Department, Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Natalie Hiscock
- Unilever Discover R & D, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.
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Bouchereau J, Leduc-Leballeur J, Pichard S, Imbard A, Benoist JF, Abi Warde MT, Arnoux JB, Barbier V, Brassier A, Broué P, Cano A, Chabrol B, Damon G, Gay C, Guillain I, Habarou F, Lamireau D, Ottolenghi C, Paermentier L, Sabourdy F, Touati G, Ogier de Baulny H, de Lonlay P, Schiff M. Neurocognitive profiles in MSUD school-age patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:377-383. [PMID: 28324240 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), an inborn error of amino acids catabolism is characterized by accumulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, valine and their corresponding alpha-ketoacids. Impact on the cognitive development has been reported historically, with developmental delays of varying degree. Currently, earlier diagnosis and improved management allow a better neurodevelopment, without requirement of special education. However, specific impairments can be observed, and so far, results of detailed neurocognitive assessments are not available. The aim of this study was to analyse neurocognitive profiles of French MSUD patients. This was a multicentre retrospective study on MSUD patients who underwent neurocognitive evaluation at primary school age. Twenty-one patients with classical neonatal onset MSUD were included. The patients' mean age at the time of evaluation was 8.7 years. The mean intellectual quotient (IQ) score was in the normal range (95.1 ± 12.6). In a subset of eight patients, a consistent developmental pattern of higher verbal than performance IQ was observed (mean of the difference 25.7 ± 8.7, p < 0.0001). No correlation could be established between this pattern and long-term metabolic balance (BCAA blood levels), or severity of acute metabolic imbalances, or leucine blood levels at diagnosis and time to toxin removal procedure. These data show that some MSUD patients may exhibit an abnormal neurocognitive profile with higher verbal than performance abilities. This might suggest an executive dysfunction disorder that would need to be further investigated by specialized testing. This pattern is important to detect in MSUD, as appropriate neuropsychological treatment strategies should be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bouchereau
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Julie Leduc-Leballeur
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Samia Pichard
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Apolline Imbard
- Biochemistry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Robert Debré University Hospital, PROTECT, INSERM U1141, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Biochemistry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Robert Debré University Hospital, PROTECT, INSERM U1141, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Abi Warde
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Arnoux
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Barbier
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Brassier
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Broué
- Metabolic Disease Department, Children University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Aline Cano
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, La Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, La Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Damon
- Pediatrics Department, Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Claire Gay
- Pediatrics Department, Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Florence Habarou
- Biochemistry Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Lamireau
- Pediatrics Department, Bordeaux University Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Biochemistry Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Paermentier
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, La Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Sabourdy
- Biochemistry Department, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Touati
- Metabolic Disease Department, Children University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Ogier de Baulny
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.
- Robert Debré University Hospital, PROTECT, INSERM U1141, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Sadri H, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Kluess J, Dänicke S, Saremi B, Sauerwein H. Plasma amino acids and metabolic profiling of dairy cows in response to a bolus duodenal infusion of leucine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176647. [PMID: 28453535 PMCID: PMC5409510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine (Leu), one of the three branch chain amino acids, acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of overall amino acid (AA) and protein metabolism. Leucine is also considered to be a potent stimulus for the secretion of insulin from pancreatice β-cells. Our objective was to study the effects of a duodenal bolus infusion of Leu on insulin and glucagon secretion, on plasma AA concentrations, and to do a metabolomic profiling of dairy cows as compared to infusions with either glucose or saline. Six duodenum-fistulated Holstein cows were studied in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 7 days, in which the treatments were applied at the end of each period. The treatments were duodenal bolus infusions of Leu (DIL; 0.15 g/kg body weight), glucose (DIG; at Leu equimolar dosage) or saline (SAL). On the day of infusion, the treatments were duodenally infused after 5 h of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -15, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240 and 300 min relative to the start of infusion. Blood plasma was assayed for concentrations of insulin, glucagon, glucose and AA. The metabolome was also characterized in selected plasma samples (i.e. from 0, 50, and 120 min relative to the infusion). Body weight, feed intake, milk yield and milk composition were recorded throughout the experiment. The Leu infusion resulted in significant increases of Leu in plasma reaching 20 and 15-fold greater values than that in DIG and SAL, respectively. The elevation of plasma Leu concentrations after the infusion led to a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the plasma concentrations of isoleucine, valine, glycine, and alanine. In addition, the mean concentrations of lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, and asparagine across all time-points in plasma of DIL cows were reduced (P<0.05) compared with the other groups. In contrast to the working hypothesis about an insulinotropic effect of Leu, the circulating concentrations of insulin were not affected by Leu. In DIG, insulin and glucose concentrations peaked at 30-40 and 40-50 min after the infusion, respectively. Insulin concentrations were greater (P<0.05) from 30-40 min in DIG than DIL and SAL, and glucose was elevated in DIG over DIL and SAL from 30-75 min and 40-50 min, respectively. Multivariate metabolomics data analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) revealed a clear separation when the DIL cows were compared with the DIG and SAL cows at 50 and 120 min after the infusion. By using this analysis, several metabolites, mainly acylcarnitines, methionine sulfoxide and components from the kynurenine pathway were identified as the most relevant for separating the treatment groups. These results suggest that Leu regulates the plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA, and other AA, apparently by stimulating their influx into the cells from the circulation. A single-dose duodenal infusion of Leu did not elicit an apparent insulin response, but affected multiple intermediary metabolic pathways including AA and energy metabolism by mechanisms yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadri
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Behnam Saremi
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, Hanau, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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29
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Gmiat A, Mieszkowski J, Prusik K, Prusik K, Kortas J, Kochanowicz A, Radulska A, Lipiński M, Tomczyk M, Jaworska J, Antosiewicz J, Ziemann E. Changes in pro-inflammatory markers and leucine concentrations in response to Nordic Walking training combined with vitamin D supplementation in elderly women. Biogerontology 2017; 18:535-548. [PMID: 28316011 PMCID: PMC5514208 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underpinning age-related decreases in muscle strength and muscle mass relate to chronic inflammation. Physical activity induces an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is modulated by additional factors. We hypothesized that vitamin D, which has also anti-inflammatory activity will modify adaptation to exercise and reduce inflammation in elderly women. Twenty-seven women aged 67 ± 8 years were included and divided into groups with baseline vitamin D concentration more than 20 ng mL−1 (MVD) and less than 20 ng mL−1 (LVD). Both groups performed 1 h Nordic Walking (NW) training combined with vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of inflammation markers, branched amino acids, vitamin D, muscle strength and balance were assessed at the baseline and three days after intervention. The training caused the significant decrease in concentration of pro-inflammatory proteins HMGB1 (30 ± 156%; 90% CI) and IL-6 (−10 ± 66%; 90% CI) in MVD group. This effects in group MVD were moderate, indicating vitamin D as one of the modifiers of these exercise-induced changes. Rise of myokine irisin induced by exercise correlated inversely with HMGB1 and the correlation was more pronounced at the baseline as well as after training among MVD participants. Although the intervention caused the leucine level to rise, a comparison of the recorded response between groups and the adjusted effect indicated that the effect was 20% lower in the LVD group. Overall the applied training program was effective in reducing HMGB1 concentration. This drop was accompanied by the rise of myokine irisin and better uptake of leucine among women with higher baseline vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gmiat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Mieszkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - K Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Prusik
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Kortas
- Department of Recreation and Qualify Tourism, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Kochanowicz
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Radulska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Lipiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Jaworska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Zhenyukh O, Civantos E, Ruiz-Ortega M, Sánchez MS, Vázquez C, Peiró C, Egido J, Mas S. High concentration of branched-chain amino acids promotes oxidative stress, inflammation and migration of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via mTORC1 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:165-177. [PMID: 28089725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leucine, isoleucine and valine are essential aminoacids termed branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) due to its aliphatic side-chain. In several pathological and physiological conditions increased BCAA plasma concentrations have been described. Elevated BCAA levels predict insulin resistance development. Moreover, BCAA levels higher than 2mmol/L are neurotoxic by inducing microglial activation in maple syrup urine disease. However, there are no studies about the direct effects of BCAA in circulating cells. We have explored whether BCAA could promote oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. In cultured PBMCs, 10mmol/L BCAA increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via both NADPH oxidase and the mitochondria, and activated Akt-mTOR signalling. By using several inhibitors and activators of these molecular pathways we have described that mTOR activation by BCAA is linked to ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. BCAA stimulated the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB, which resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 or CD40L, and the migration of PBMCs. In conclusion, elevated BCAA blood levels can promote the activation of circulating PBMCs, by a mechanism that involving ROS production and NF-κB pathway activation. These data suggest that high concentrations of BCAA could exert deleterious effects on circulating blood cells and therefore contribute to the pro-inflammatory and oxidative status observed in several pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Zhenyukh
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Esther Civantos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | | | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Division of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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Kim M, Kim M, Han JY, Lee SH, Jee SH, Lee JH. The metabolites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed greater differences between patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls than those in plasma. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:130-138. [PMID: 28185532 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116678157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine differences between peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the plasma metabolites in patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. In all, 65 nononobese patients (aged 30-70 years) with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and 65 nonobese sex-matched healthy controls were included, and fasting peripheral blood mononuclear cell and plasma metabolomes were profiled. The diabetic or impaired fasting glucose patients showed higher circulating and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2 activities, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α than controls. Compared with controls, impaired fasting glucose or diabetic subjects showed increases in 11 peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolites: six amino acids (valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan), l-pyroglutamic acid, two fatty acid amides containing palmitic amide and oleamide and two lysophosphatidylcholines. In impaired fasting glucose or diabetic patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cell lipoprotein phospholipase A2 positively associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysophosphatidylcholines and circulating inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 activities. In plasma metabolites between patients and healthy controls, we observed significant increases in only three amino acids (proline, valine and leucine) and decreases in only five lysophosphatidylcholines. This study demonstrates significant differences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell metabolome in patients with impaired fasting glucose or diabetes compared with healthy controls. These differences were greater than those observed in the plasma metabolome. These data suggest peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a useful tool to better understand the inflammatory pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- 2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Han
- 4 Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- 5 Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- 6 Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- 1 Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 2 National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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de Betue CTI, Garcia Casal XC, van Waardenburg DA, Schexnayder SM, Joosten KFM, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ. 24-Hour protein, arginine and citrulline metabolism in fed critically ill children - A stable isotope tracer study. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:876-887. [PMID: 28089618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The reference method to study protein and arginine metabolism in critically ill children is measuring plasma amino acid appearances with stable isotopes during a short (4-8 h) time period and extrapolate results to 24-h. However, 24-h measurements may be variable due to critical illness related factors and a circadian rhythm could be present. Since only short duration stable isotope studies in critically ill children have been conducted before, the aim of this study was to investigate 24-h appearance of specific amino acids representing protein and arginine metabolism, with stable isotope techniques in continuously fed critically ill children. METHODS In eight critically ill children, admitted to the pediatric (n = 4) or cardiovascular (n = 4) intensive care unit, aged 0-10 years, receiving continuous (par)enteral nutrition with protein intake 1.0-3.7 g/kg/day, a 24-h stable isotope tracer protocol was carried out. L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[3,3-2H2]-tyrosine, L-[5,5,5-2H3]-leucine, L-[guanido-15N2]-arginine and L-[5-13C-3,3,4,4-2H4]-citrulline were infused intravenously and L-[15N]-phenylalanine and L-[1-13C]leucine enterally. Arterial blood was sampled every hour. RESULTS Coefficients of variation, representing intra-individual variability, of the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline were high, on average 14-19% for intravenous tracers and 23-26% for enteral tracers. No evident circadian rhythm was present. The pattern and overall 24-h level of whole body protein balance differed per individual. CONCLUSIONS In continuously fed stable critically ill children, the amino acid appearances of phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and citrulline show high variability. This should be kept in mind when performing stable isotope studies in this population. There was no apparent circadian rhythm. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER NCT01511354 on clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn T I de Betue
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiomara C Garcia Casal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dick A van Waardenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Schexnayder
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology & Critical Care Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Department of Geriatrics, Center of Translational Research on Aging and Longevity Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Zheng L, Wei H, He P, Zhao S, Xiang Q, Pang J, Peng J. Effects of Supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Reduced-Protein Diet on Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation in the Fed and Fasted States in a Piglet Model. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010017. [PMID: 28036018 PMCID: PMC5295061 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) has been demonstrated to promote skeletal muscle mass gain, but the mechanisms underlying this observation are still unknown. Since the regulation of muscle mass depends on a dynamic equilibrium (fasted losses–fed gains) in protein turnover, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle protein synthesis and degradation in fed/fasted states and the related mechanisms. Fourteen 26- (Experiment 1) and 28-day-old (Experiment 2) piglets were fed reduced-protein diets without or with supplemental BCAA. After a four-week acclimation period, skeletal muscle mass and components of anabolic and catabolic signaling in muscle samples after overnight fasting were determined in Experiment 1. Pigs in Experiment 2 were implanted with carotid arterial, jugular venous, femoral arterial and venous catheters, and fed once hourly along with the intravenous infusion of NaH13CO3 for 2 h, followed by a 6-h infusion of [1-13C]leucine. Muscle leucine kinetics were measured using arteriovenous difference technique. The mass of most muscles was increased by BCAA supplementation. During feeding, BCAA supplementation increased leucine uptake, protein synthesis, protein degradation and net transamination. The greater increase in protein synthesis than in protein degradation resulted in elevated protein deposition. Protein synthesis was strongly and positively correlated with the intramuscular net production of α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and protein degradation. Moreover, BCAA supplementation enhanced the fasted-state phosphorylation of protein translation initiation factors and inhibited the protein-degradation signaling of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems. In conclusion, supplementation of BCAA to reduced-protein diet increases fed-state protein synthesis and inhibits fasted-state protein degradation, both of which could contribute to the elevation of skeletal muscle mass in piglets. The effect of BCAA supplementation on muscle protein synthesis is associated with the increase in protein degradation and KIC production in the fed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Shengjun Zhao
- Department of Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Quanhang Xiang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ullrich SS, Fitzgerald PC, Schober G, Steinert RE, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Intragastric administration of leucine or isoleucine lowers the blood glucose response to a mixed-nutrient drink by different mechanisms in healthy, lean volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1274-1284. [PMID: 27655440 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The branched-chain amino acids leucine and isoleucine lower blood glucose after oral glucose ingestion, and the intraduodenal infusion of leucine decreases energy intake in healthy, lean men. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the intragastric administration of leucine and isoleucine on the gastric emptying of, and blood glucose responses to, a physiologic mixed-macronutrient drink and subsequent energy intake. DESIGN In 2 separate studies, 12 healthy, lean subjects received on 3 separate occasions an intragastric infusion of 5 g leucine (leucine-5g) or an intragastric infusion of 10 g leucine (leucine-10g), an intragastric infusion of 5 g isoleucine (isoleucine-5g) or an intragastric infusion of 10 g isoleucine (isoleucine-10g), or a control. Fifteen minutes later, subjects consumed a mixed-nutrient drink (400 kcal, 56 g carbohydrates, 15 g protein, and 12 g fat), and gastric emptying (13C-acetate breath test) and blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and cholecystokinin (leucine study only) were measured for 60 min. Immediately afterward, energy intake from a cold, buffet-style meal was assessed. RESULTS Compared with the control, leucine-10g decreased the blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) (P < 0.05) and tended to reduce peak blood glucose (P = 0.07), whereas effects of leucine-5g were NS. Leucine-10g, but not leucine-5g, increased plasma insulin and C-peptide AUCs (P < 0.01 for both), but neither dose affected glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, cholecystokinin, gastric emptying, or energy intake. Compared with the control, isoleucine-10g reduced the blood glucose AUC and peak blood glucose (P < 0.01), whereas effects of isoleucine-5g were NS. Neither load affected insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, or GIP. Isoleucine-10g, but not isoleucine-5g, slowed gastric emptying (P < 0.05), but gastric emptying was not correlated with the blood glucose AUC. Isoleucine did not affect energy intake. CONCLUSIONS In healthy subjects, both leucine and isoleucine reduced blood glucose in response to a mixed-nutrient drink but did not affect subsequent energy intake. The mechanisms underlying glucose lowering appear to differ; leucine stimulated insulin, whereas isoleucine acted insulin independently. These trials were registered at www.anzctr.org.au as 12613000899741 and 12614000837628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina S Ullrich
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Penelope Ce Fitzgerald
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gudrun Schober
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert E Steinert
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia
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Much D, Beyerlein A, Kindt A, Krumsiek J, Stückler F, Rossbauer M, Hofelich A, Wiesenäcker D, Hivner S, Herbst M, Römisch-Margl W, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kastenmüller G, Theis F, Ziegler AG, Hummel S. Lactation is associated with altered metabolomic signatures in women with gestational diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2193-202. [PMID: 27423999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lactation for >3 months in women with gestational diabetes is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes that persists for up to 15 years postpartum. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We examined whether in women with gestational diabetes lactation for >3 months is associated with altered metabolomic signatures postpartum. METHODS We enrolled 197 women with gestational diabetes at a median of 3.6 years (interquartile range 0.7-6.5 years) after delivery. Targeted metabolomics profiles (including 156 metabolites) were obtained during a glucose challenge test. Comparisons of metabolite concentrations and ratios between women who lactated for >3 months and women who lactated for ≤3 months or not at all were performed using linear regression with adjustment for age and BMI at the postpartum visit, time since delivery, and maternal education level, and correction for multiple testing. Gaussian graphical modelling was used to generate metabolite networks. RESULTS Lactation for >3 months was associated with a higher total lysophosphatidylcholine/total phosphatidylcholine ratio; in women with short-term follow-up, it was also associated with lower leucine concentrations and a lower total branched-chain amino acid concentration. Gaussian graphical modelling identified subgroups of closely linked metabolites within phosphatidylcholines and branched-chain amino acids that were affected by lactation for >3 months and have been linked to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Lactation for >3 months in women with gestational diabetes is associated with changes in the metabolomics profile that have been linked to the early pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Much
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alida Kindt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Stückler
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Rossbauer
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hofelich
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Wiesenäcker
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Hivner
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Herbst
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Hummel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
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Church DD, Schwarz NA, Spillane MB, McKinley-Barnard SK, Andre TL, Ramirez AJ, Willoughby DS. l-Leucine Increases Skeletal Muscle IGF-1 but Does Not Differentially Increase Akt/mTORC1 Signaling and Serum IGF-1 Compared to Ursolic Acid in Response to Resistance Exercise in Resistance-Trained Men. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:627-638. [PMID: 27331824 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ursolic acid administration following resistance exercise increases mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and skeletal muscle IGF-1 concentration in murines in a manner similar to l-leucine yet remains unexamined in humans. This study examined serum and skeletal muscle insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Akt/mTORC1 signaling activity following ingestion of either ursolic acid or l-leucine immediately after resistance exercise. METHODS Nine resistance-trained men performed 3 lower-body resistance exercise sessions involving 4 sets of 8-10 repetitions at 75%-80% one repetition maximum (1-RM) on the angled leg press and knee extension exercises. Immediately following each session, participants orally ingested 3 g cellulose placebo (PLC), l-leucine (LEU), or ursolic acid (UA). Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and at 0.5, 2, and 6 hours postexercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre-exercise and at 2 and 6 hours postexercise. RESULTS Plasma leucine increased in LEU at 2 hours postexercise compared to PLC (p = 0.04). Plasma ursolic acid increased in UA at 2 h and 6 hours postexercise compared to PLC and LEU (p < 0.003). No significant differences were observed for serum insulin (p = 0.98) and IGF-1 (p = 0.99) or skeletal muscle IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R; p = 0.84), Akt (p = 0.55), mTOR (p = 0.09), and p70S6K (p = 0.98). Skeletal muscle IGF-1 was significantly increased in LEU at 2 hours postexercise (p = 0.03) and 6 hours postexercise (p = 0.04) compared to PLC and UA. CONCLUSION Three grams of l-leucine and ursolic acid had no effect on Akt/mTORC1 signaling or serum insulin or IGF-1; however, l-leucine increased skeletal muscle IGF-1 concentration in resistance-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Church
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Neil A Schwarz
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Mike B Spillane
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Sarah K McKinley-Barnard
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Tom L Andre
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- b Mass Spectrometry Center , College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- a Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Lab, Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University , Waco , Texas
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Feier F, Schwartz IVD, Benkert AR, Seda Neto J, Miura I, Chapchap P, da Fonseca EA, Vieira S, Zanotelli ML, Pinto e Vairo F, Camelo JS, Margutti AVB, Mazariegos GV, Puffenberger EG, Strauss KA. Living related versus deceased donor liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:336-43. [PMID: 26786177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder of branched chain ketoacid (BCKA) oxidation associated with episodic and chronic brain disease. Transplantation of liver from an unrelated deceased donor restores 9-13% whole-body BCKA oxidation capacity and stabilizes MSUD. Recent reports document encouraging short-term outcomes for MSUD patients who received a liver segment from mutation heterozygous living related donors (LRDT). To investigate effects of living related versus deceased unrelated grafts, we studied four Brazilian MSUD patients treated with LRDT who were followed for a mean 19 ± 12 postoperative months, and compared metabolic and clinical outcomes to 37 classical MSUD patients treated with deceased donor transplant. Patient and graft survival for LRDT were 100%. Three of 4 MSUD livers were successfully domino transplanted into non-MSUD subjects. Following LRDT, all subjects resumed a protein-unrestricted diet as mean plasma leucine decreased from 224 ± 306 μM to 143 ± 44 μM and allo-isoleucine decreased 91%. We observed no episodes of hyperleucinemia during 80 aggregate postoperative patient-months. Mean plasma leucine:isoleucine:valine concentration ratios were ~2:1:4 after deceased donor transplant compared to ~1:1:1.5 following LRDT, resulting in differences of predicted cerebral amino acid uptake. Mutant heterozygous liver segments effectively maintain steady-state BCAA and BCKA homeostasis on an unrestricted diet and during most catabolic states, but might have different metabolic effects than grafts from unrelated deceased donors. Neither living related nor deceased donor transplant affords complete protection from metabolic intoxication, but both strategies represent viable alternatives to nutritional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Feier
- Hospital Sirio Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa D Schwartz
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Vieira
- Pediatrics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pediatrics Liver Transplantation Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Zanotelli
- Pediatrics Liver Transplantation Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Simon Camelo
- Pediatrics Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - George V Mazariegos
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children's Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik G Puffenberger
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, USA; Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, USA; Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA; Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA.
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Zheng J, Xiang J, Miao J, Yu Q, Hu C, Qin YP, Shu SQ, Nan F, Wang Y, Zhu XH. [Bioequivalence of Ubenimex Capsules in Healthy Volunteers]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 47:85-92. [PMID: 27062789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate bioequivalence of two specifications of ubenimex capsules in comparison with the Japanese branded product (R). METHODS The study adopted a 3-way crossover design in twenty-four healthy male volunteers, whose plasma concentrations of ubenimex were determined by UPLC-MS/MS after administration a single oral dose of 30 mg of domestic ubenimex T1 (10 mg/capsule), T2 (30 mg/capsule) and branded ubenimex R (30 mg/capsule) sequentially. The bioequivalence was evaluated using WinNonlin6. 1 statistical analysis software. RESULTS One volunteer was excluded because of failure to follow medication instructions. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ubenimex of T1, T2 and R were as follows: C(max) (2 646.73 ± 454.09) ng/mL, (2 675.91 ± 474.32) ng/mL and (2 432.79 ± 544.32) ng/mL, respectively; T(max) (0.68 ± 0.23) h, (0.76 ± 0.19) h and (0.77 ± 0.26) h, respectively; AUC(0-t) (3 925.23 ± 478.34)(ng x h)/mL, (3 804.62 ± 448.84)(ng x h)/mL and (3 789.30 ± 443.15)(ng x h)/mL, respectively; AUC(0-∞)(3 938.31 ± 479.54)(ng x h)/mL, (3 817.26 ± 450.90) (ng x h)/mL and (3 800.90 ± 444.77) (ng x h)/mL, respectively; CL/F (7.72 ± 0.92) L/h, (7.97 ± 0.98) L/h and (7.99 ± 0.90) L/h, respectively; Vd (26.08 ± 9.20 )L, (25.65 ± 10.22) L and (26.03 ± 10.05) L, respectively. The relative bioavailability F(0-t) and F(0-∞) of T1 and T2 against the branded preparation R were (103.90 ± 9.19)% and (100.77± 9.36)%, and (103.93 ± 9.20)% and (100.79 ± 9.33)%, respectively. CONCLUSION Both ubenimex capsules T1 and T2 are bioequivalent to the Japanese branded products.
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Groen BBL, Horstman AM, Hamer HM, de Haan M, van Kranenburg J, Bierau J, Poeze M, Wodzig WKWH, Rasmussen BB, van Loon LJC. Post-Prandial Protein Handling: You Are What You Just Ate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141582. [PMID: 26556791 PMCID: PMC4640549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein turnover in skeletal muscle tissue is highly responsive to nutrient intake in healthy adults. Objective To provide a comprehensive overview of post-prandial protein handling, ranging from dietary protein digestion and amino acid absorption, the uptake of dietary protein derived amino acids over the leg, the post-prandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates, to the incorporation of dietary protein derived amino acids in de novo muscle protein. Design 12 healthy young males ingested 20 g intrinsically [1-13C]-phenylalanine labeled protein. In addition, primed continuous L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[ring-2H2]-tyrosine, and L-[1-13C]-leucine infusions were applied, with frequent collection of arterial and venous blood samples, and muscle biopsies throughout a 5 h post-prandial period. Dietary protein digestion, amino acid absorption, splanchnic amino acid extraction, amino acid uptake over the leg, and subsequent muscle protein synthesis were measured within a single in vivo human experiment. Results 55.3±2.7% of the protein-derived phenylalanine was released in the circulation during the 5 h post-prandial period. The post-prandial rise in plasma essential amino acid availability improved leg muscle protein balance (from -291±72 to 103±66 μM·min-1·100 mL leg volume-1; P<0.001). Muscle protein synthesis rates increased significantly following protein ingestion (0.029±0.002 vs 0.044±0.004%·h-1 based upon the muscle protein bound L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine enrichments (P<0.01)), with substantial incorporation of dietary protein derived L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine into de novo muscle protein (from 0 to 0.0201±0.0025 MPE). Conclusion Ingestion of a single meal-like amount of protein allows ~55% of the protein derived amino acids to become available in the circulation, thereby improving whole-body and leg protein balance. About 20% of the dietary protein derived amino acids released in the circulation are taken up in skeletal muscle tissue following protein ingestion, thereby stimulating muscle protein synthesis rates and providing precursors for de novo muscle protein synthesis. Trial Registration trialregister.nl 3638
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart B. L. Groen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M. Horstman
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike M. Hamer
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel de Haan
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneau van Kranenburg
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Laboratory Biochemical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Will K. W. H. Wodzig
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luc J. C. van Loon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Steinert RE, Landrock MF, Ullrich SS, Standfield S, Otto B, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Effects of intraduodenal infusion of the branched-chain amino acid leucine on ad libitum eating, gut motor and hormone functions, and glycemia in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:820-7. [PMID: 26289436 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, act as nutrient signals regulating protein synthesis and degradation as well as glucose metabolism. In addition, leucine has been demonstrated in animal experiments to modulate eating and energy homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the effects of physiologic and supraphysiologic loads of intraduodenal leucine on eating, gut hormone and motor functions, and blood glucose in humans. DESIGN Twelve lean men were studied on 3 occasions in a randomized, double-blind order. Antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, insulin, glucagon, blood glucose, appetite perceptions, and gastrointestinal symptoms were measured during 90-min intraduodenal infusions of leucine at 0.15 kcal/min (total 3.3 g, 13.5 kcal), 0.45 kcal/min (total 9.9 g, 40.5 kcal), or saline (control). Ad libitum eating from a buffet lunch was quantified immediately after the infusions. RESULTS Leucine at 0.45 kcal/min inhibited eating (energy intake by ∼13%, P < 0.05), increased plasma cholecystokinin, slightly reduced blood glucose and increased plasma insulin, and decreased antral pressures (all P < 0.05). Leucine at 0.15 kcal/min had no effect on food intake, blood glucose, or antral pressures but also slightly increased plasma cholecystokinin (P < 0.05). Neither dose affected plasma ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY, or pyloric and duodenal pressures. Plasma leucine concentrations were related to the dose of intraduodenal leucine, with substantial increases during both 0.15 and 0.45 kcal/min. CONCLUSIONS The effects of intraduodenal infusions of free leucine on eating are probably not primarily mediated by changes in gut motor and hormone functions, with perhaps the exception of cholecystokinin. Instead, increased plasma leucine concentrations may be a potential signal mediating the eating-inhibitory effect of leucine. The study was registered as a clinical trial with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12613000899741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Steinert
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Maria F Landrock
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sina S Ullrich
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Scott Standfield
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Bärbel Otto
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München-Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Horowitz
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia; and
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Zhang Q, Wu H, Wen C, Sun F, Yang X, Hu L. Metabolic changes in rats after intragastric administration of MGCD0103 (Mocetinostat), a HDAC class I inhibitor. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:9320-9325. [PMID: 26464683 PMCID: PMC4583915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MGCD0103, an isotype-selective HDACi, has been clinically evaluated for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and advanced solid tumors, alone and in combination with standard-of-care agents. In this study, we developed a serum metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate the effect of intragastric administration of MGCD0103 on rats. The MGCD0103 group rats were given 20, 40, 80 mg/kg of MGCD0103 by intragastric administration each day for 7 days. Pattern recognition analysis, including both principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that intragastric administration of MGCD0103 induced metabolic perturbations. As compared to the control group, the levels of L-alanine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine of MGCD0103 group decreased. The results indicate that metabolomic methods based on GC-MS may be useful to elucidate side effect of MGCD0103 through the exploration of biomarkers (L-alanine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine). According to the pathological changes of liver at difference dosage, MGCD0103 is hepatotoxic and its toxity is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai 200437, China
| | - Haiya Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fa Sun
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lufeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, China
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Bukhari SSI, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Limb MC, Rankin D, Mitchell WK, Kobayashi H, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E1056-65. [PMID: 25827594 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two feeding regimes in older women (66 ± 2.5 yr; n = 8/group): bolus whey protein (WP-20 g) or novel low-dose leucine-enriched essential amino acids (EAA) [LEAA; 3 g (40% leucine)]. Using [(13)C6]phenylalanine infusions, we quantified muscle (MPS) and albumin (APS) protein synthesis at baseline and in response to both feeding (FED) and feeding plus exercise (FED-EX; 6 × 8 knee extensions at 75% 1-repetition maximum). We also quantified plasma insulin/AA concentrations, whole leg (LBF)/muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), and muscle anabolic signaling by phosphoimmunoblotting. Plasma insulinemia and EAA/aemia were markedly greater after WP than LEAA (P < 0.001). Neither LEAA nor WP modified LBF in response to FED or FED-EX, whereas MBF increased to a similar extent in both groups only after FED-EX (P < 0.05). In response to FED, both WP and LEAA equally stimulated MPS 0-2 h (P < 0.05), abating thereafter (0-4 h, P > 0.05). In contrast, after FED-EX, MPS increased at 0-2 h and remained elevated at 0-4 h (P < 0.05) with both WP and LEAA. No anabolic signals quantifiably increased after FED, but p70 S6K1 Thr(389) increased after FED-EX (2 h, P < 0.05). APS increased similarly after WP and LEAA. Older women remain subtly responsive to nutrition ± exercise. Intriguingly though, bolus WP offers no trophic advantage over LEAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S I Bukhari
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marie C Limb
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Debbie Rankin
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - William K Mitchell
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom; and
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Hammersen G, Wille L, Schmidt H, Lutz P, Bickel H. Maple syrup urine disease: emergency treatment of the neonate. Monogr Hum Genet 2015; 9:84-9. [PMID: 104150 DOI: 10.1159/000401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kim M, Jung S, Lee SH, Lee JH. Association between arterial stiffness and serum L-octanoylcarnitine and lactosylceramide in overweight middle-aged subjects: 3-year follow-up study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119519. [PMID: 25781947 PMCID: PMC4363527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing data on the association between being overweight and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk in adults are inconsistent. We prospectively and longitudinally investigated the effects of weight on arterial stiffness and plasma metabolites in middle-aged subjects (aged 40–55 years). A group of 59 individuals who remained within the range of overweight during repeated measurements over a 3-year period was compared with a control group of 59 normal weight subjects who were matched for age and gender. Changes in metabolites by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) were examined. At baseline, the overweight group showed higher BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride, free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, insulin, and hs-CRP, and lower HDL-cholesterol than controls. After 3 years, the changes in waist circumference, diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), triglyceride, FFA, glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, and ba-PWV observed in the overweight group were significantly different from those in the control group after adjusting for baseline levels. Furthermore, the overweight group showed greater increases in L-octanoylcarnitine (q=0.006) and decanoylcarnitine (q=0.007), and higher peak intensities of L-leucine, L-octanoylcarnitine, and decanoylcarnitine. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the change in ba-PWV was independently and positively associated with changes in L-octanoylcarnitine, lactosylceramide, and SBP, and with baseline BMI. Our results indicate that the duration of overweight is an important aggravating factor for arterial stiffness, especially during middle age. Additionally, an age-related increase in plasma L-octanoylcarnitine, lactosylceramide, SBP, and baseline BMI are independent predictors of increased arterial stiffness in middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saem Jung
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin on blood flow and, therefore, insulin resistance in obese and diabetic subjects. Available evidence shows that vascular insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed nations. Interestingly, increased concentrations of L-leucine in the plasma occur in obese humans and other animals with vascular dysfunction. Among branched-chain amino acids, L-leucine is unique in inhibiting NO synthesis from L-arginine in endothelial cells and may modulate cardiovascular homeostasis in insulin resistance. Results of recent studies indicate that L-leucine is an activator of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT), which is the first and a rate-controlling enzyme in the synthesis of glucosamine (an inhibitor of endothelial NO synthesis). Through stimulating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and thus protein synthesis, L-leucine may enhance GFAT protein expression, thereby inhibiting NO synthesis in endothelial cells. We propose that reducing circulating levels of L-leucine or endothelial GFAT activity may provide a potentially novel strategy for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular disease in obese and diabetic subjects. Such means may include dietary supplementation with either α-ketoglutarate to enhance the catabolism of L-leucine in the small intestine and other tissues or with N-ethyl-L-glutamine to inhibit GFAT activity in endothelial cells. Preventing leucine-induced activation of GFAT by nutritional supplements or pharmaceutical drugs may contribute to improved cardiovascular function by enhancing vascular NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China,
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Sood S, Chen Y, McIntire K, Rabkin R. Acute acidosis attenuates leucine stimulated signal transduction and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:362-70. [PMID: 25358492 DOI: 10.1159/000366524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical illnesses are often complicated by acute metabolic acidosis, which if persistent, adversely affects outcome. Among the harmful effects that it might cause are impaired utilization of nutrients, increased proteolysis and depressed protein synthesis, leading to muscle wasting. As the amino acid leucine stimulates protein synthesis by activating mTOR signaling, we explored whether in acidosis, impaired leucine-stimulated signaling might be a contributor to the depressed protein synthesis. METHODS Male pair-fed rats were gavaged with NH4Cl (acidosis) or NaCl (control) for 2 days and then gavaged once with leucine and sacrificed 45 min later. Extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated, incubated with or without leucine and protein synthesis measured. The anterior tibial muscle signaling was analysed by Western immunobloting. RESULTS Despite pair-feeding, acidotic rats lost body and muscle weight vs. controls. Moreover, leucine-induced protein synthesis in isolated muscle from acidotic rats was impaired. In-vivo, 45 min after an oral leucine load, anterior tibial muscle mTOR and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation increased significantly and comparably in control and acidotic rats. In contrast, leucine-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1, a regulator of translation initiation and protein synthesis, was attenuated to approximately 56% of the control value (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals that an acute metabolic acidosis impairs leucine-stimulated protein synthesis and activation of signaling downstream of mTOR at the level of S6K1. We propose that this S6K1 abnormality may account in part, for the resistance to leucine-stimulated muscle protein synthesis, and may thereby contribute to the impaired nutrient utilization and ultimately the muscle wasting that develops in acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Sood
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care Palo Alto, Palo Alto, Calif., USA
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Wang L, Wang C, Liu Q, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun P, Yang X, Sun H, Zhen Y, Peng J, Ma X, Liu K. PEPT1- and OAT1/3-mediated drug-drug interactions between bestatin and cefixime in vivo and in vitro in rats, and in vitro in human. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 63:77-86. [PMID: 25016073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the transporter-mediated pharmacokinetics mechanism of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between bestatin and cefixime. The plasma concentrations and bioavailabilities of bestatin and cefixime were decreased after oral co-administration in rats. The uptake in rat everted intestinal sacs of bestatin and cefixime were dramatically declined after co-administration of the two drugs. Bestatin and cefixime can mutually competitively inhibit the uptake by hPEPT1-HeLa cells. The plasma concentrations of bestatin and cefixime were increased; however, the cumulative biliary excretion had no significant change, and the cumulative urinary excretion and renal clearance of the two drugs in rats decreased after intravenous coadministration. Moreover, decreased uptake of the two drugs was observed in human kidney slices, rat kidney slices and hOAT1/hOAT3-transfected HEK293 cells when bestatin and cefixime were coadministered. The accumulation of bestatin and cefixime in kidney slices can be inhibited by p-aminohippurate, benzylpenicillin and probenecid, but not by tetraethyl ammonium. The results suggest that intestinal absorption and renal excretion of bestatin and cefixime can be inhibited when the two drugs were co-administered in rats. The pharmacokinetic mechanism indicates that the DDIs between bestatin and cefixime are mainly mediated by Pept1 and Oat1/3 in rats. PEPT1 and OAT1/3 are the target transporters of DDIs between bestatin and cefixime in human kidney slices and human transfected cells, proposing possible drug-drug interaction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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Mook-Kanamori DO, Römisch-Margl W, Kastenmüller G, Prehn C, Petersen AK, Illig T, Gieger C, Wang-Sattler R, Meisinger C, Peters A, Adamski J, Suhre K. Increased amino acids levels and the risk of developing of hypertriglyceridemia in a 7-year follow-up. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:369-74. [PMID: 24682914 PMCID: PMC3972444 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-013-0044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, five branched-chain and aromatic amino acids were shown to be associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). AIM We set out to examine whether amino acids are also associated with the development of hypertriglyceridemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the serum amino acids concentrations of 1,125 individuals of the KORA S4 baseline study, for which follow-up data were available also at the KORA F4 7 years later. After exclusion for hypertriglyceridemia (defined as having a fasting triglyceride level above 1.70 mmol/L) and diabetes at baseline, 755 subjects remained for analyses. RESULTS Increased levels of leucine, arginine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, isoleucine and lysine were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. These associations remained significant when restricting to those individuals who did not develop T2D in the 7-year follow-up. The increase per standard deviation of amino acid level was between 26 and 40 %. CONCLUSIONS Seven amino acids were associated with an increased risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia after 7 years. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the complex role of these amino acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. O. Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar, PO Box 24144 Doha, Qatar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W. Römisch-Margl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - G. Kastenmüller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C. Prehn
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A. K. Petersen
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T. Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R. Wang-Sattler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C. Meisinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A. Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J. Adamski
- Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar, PO Box 24144 Doha, Qatar
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
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Savary-Auzeloux I, Magne H, Migné C, Oberli M, Breuillé D, Faure M, Vidal K, Perrot M, Rémond D, Combaret L, Dardevet D. A dietary supplementation with leucine and antioxidants is capable to accelerate muscle mass recovery after immobilization in adult rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81495. [PMID: 24312309 PMCID: PMC3843669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inactivity induces muscle loss due to an activation of proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis; the latter is also involved in the recovery of muscle mass. The aim of the present work was to explore the evolution of muscle mass and protein metabolism during immobilization and recovery and assess the effect of a nutritional strategy for counteracting muscle loss and facilitating recovery. Adult rats (6–8 months) were subjected to unilateral hindlimb casting for 8 days (I0–I8) and then permitted to recover for 10 to 40 days (R10–R40). They were fed a Control or Experimental diet supplemented with antioxidants/polyphenols (AOX) (I0 to I8), AOX and leucine (AOX + LEU) (I8 to R15) and LEU alone (R15 to R40). Muscle mass, absolute protein synthesis rate and proteasome activities were measured in gastrocnemius muscle in casted and non-casted legs in post prandial (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at each time point. Immobilized gastrocnemius protein content was similarly reduced (-37%) in both diets compared to the non-casted leg. Muscle mass recovery was accelerated by the AOX and LEU supplementation (+6% AOX+LEU vs. Control, P<0.05 at R40) due to a higher protein synthesis both in PA and PP states (+23% and 31% respectively, Experimental vs. Control diets, P<0.05, R40) without difference in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities between diets. Thus, this nutritional supplementation accelerated the recovery of muscle mass via a stimulation of protein synthesis throughout the entire day (in the PP and PA states) and could be a promising strategy to be tested during recovery from bed rest in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Hugues Magne
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Migné
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Oberli
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Breuillé
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Faure
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Perrot
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Rémond
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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50
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Binder E, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, André C, Elie M, Romero-Zerbo SY, Leste-Lasserre T, Belluomo L, Duchampt A, Clark S, Aubert A, Mezzullo M, Fanelli F, Pagotto U, Layé S, Mithieux G, Cota D. Leucine supplementation protects from insulin resistance by regulating adiposity levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74705. [PMID: 24086364 PMCID: PMC3783457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine supplementation might have therapeutic potential in preventing diet-induced obesity and improving insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanisms are at present unclear. Additionally, it is unclear whether leucine supplementation might be equally efficacious once obesity has developed. Methodology/Principal Findings Male C57BL/6J mice were fed chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented or not with leucine for 17 weeks. Another group of HFD-fed mice (HFD-pairfat group) was food restricted in order to reach an adiposity level comparable to that of HFD-Leu mice. Finally, a third group of mice was exposed to HFD for 12 weeks before being chronically supplemented with leucine. Leucine supplementation in HFD-fed mice decreased body weight and fat mass by increasing energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation and locomotor activity in vivo. The decreased adiposity in HFD-Leu mice was associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3) in the brown adipose tissue, better insulin sensitivity, increased intestinal gluconeogenesis and preservation of islets of Langerhans histomorphology and function. HFD-pairfat mice had a comparable improvement in insulin sensitivity, without changes in islets physiology or intestinal gluconeogenesis. Remarkably, both HFD-Leu and HFD-pairfat mice had decreased hepatic lipid content, which likely helped improve insulin sensitivity. In contrast, when leucine was supplemented to already obese animals, no changes in body weight, body composition or glucose metabolism were observed. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that leucine improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice by primarily decreasing adiposity, rather than directly acting on peripheral target organs. However, beneficial effects of leucine on intestinal gluconeogenesis and islets of Langerhans's physiology might help prevent type 2 diabetes development. Differently, metabolic benefit of leucine supplementation is lacking in already obese animals, a phenomenon possibly related to the extent of the obesity before starting the supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Binder
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- IBIMA-Hospital Carlos Haya, Laboratorio de Investigación, Malaga, Spain
| | - Caroline André
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Elie
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- IBIMA-Hospital Carlos Haya, Laboratorio de Investigación, Malaga, Spain
| | - Thierry Leste-Lasserre
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - llaria Belluomo
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- INSERM, U855, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samantha Clark
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnes Aubert
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Clinical Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Clinical Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata, Department of Clinical Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM, U855, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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