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Huang W, Zhou P, Zou X, Liu Y, Zhou L, Zhang Y. Emodin ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in mice by inactivating the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2326022. [PMID: 38507311 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2326022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emodin is a traditional medicine that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Previous research has indicated that emodin can alleviate myocardial remodeling and inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which emodin affects myocardial fibrosis (MF) has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Fibroblasts were treated with ANGII, and a mouse model of MF was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cell proliferation was examined by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Dihydroethidium (DHE) was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and Masson and Sirius red staining were used to examine changes in collagen fiber levels. PI3K was over-expressed by lentiviral transfection to verify the effect of emodin on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Changes in cardiac function in each group were examined by echocardiography. RESULTS Emodin significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation, decreased intracellular ROS levels, significantly upregulated collagen II expression, downregulated α-SMA expression, and inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation in vitro. Moreover, the in vivo results were consistent with the in vitro. Emodin significantly decreased ROS levels in heart tissue and reduced collagen fibrillogenesis. Emodin could regulate the activity of PI3K to increase the expression of collagen II and downregulate α-SMA expression in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and emodin significantly improved cardiac structure and function in mice. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that emodin targeted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit the development of myocardial fibrosis and may be an antifibrotic agent for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Peiting Zhou
- Department of biomedical engineer, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Xinyun Zou
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Yunchuan Liu
- Department of biomedical engineer, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Longfu Zhou
- Department of biomedical engineer, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P.R.China
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Erman A, Hawkins LJ, Storey KB. Changes in microRNA expression related to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel during torpor. Biochimie 2024; 225:40-48. [PMID: 38705508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
During the hibernation season, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel undergoes cyclical torpor and arousal periods. The decrease and restoration of metabolic rate and oxygen delivery during torpor and arousal, respectively, may cause reperfusion-ischemia injury in the kidneys. In order to maintain the structural integrity of the kidneys necessary for renal function resumption during arousal, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel has developed adaptive methods to prevent and repair kidney injury. In this present study, computational methods were used to clean and analyze sequenced kidney RNA samples. Significantly differentially expressed microRNAs and enriched gene sets were also determined. From the gene set analysis, the results showed an increase in ubiquitin-related processes and p53 signaling pathways which suggested the occurrence of kidney damage during torpor. There was also an observed increase in cell cycle processes and the anchoring junction cellular compartment which may lend to the prevention of kidney injury. From the differentially expressed microRNAs, miR-27a (log2FC = 1.639; p-value = 0.023), miR-129 (log2FC = 2.516; p-value = 0.023), miR-let-7b (log2FC = 2.360; p-value = 0.025), miR-let-7c (log2FC = 2.291; p-value = 0.037) and miR-let-7i (log2FC = 1.564; p-value = 0.039) were found to be significantly upregulated. These biochemical adaptations may allow the thirteen-lined ground squirrel to maintain kidney structure and function during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Erman
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Liam J Hawkins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Zhang W, Chan C, Zhang K, Qin H, Yu BY, Xue Z, Zheng X, Tian J. Discovering a New Drug Against Acute Kidney Injury by Using a Tailored Photoacoustic Imaging Probe. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311397. [PMID: 38221651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become an increasing concern for patients due to the widespread clinical use of nephrotoxic drugs. Currently, the early diagnosis of AKI is still challenging and the available therapeutic drugs cannot meet the clinical demand. Herein, this work has investigated the key redox couple involved in AKI and develops a tailored photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe (AB-DiOH) which can reversibly respond to hypochlorite (ClO-)/glutathione (GSH) with high specificity and sensitivity. This probe enables the real-time monitoring of AKI by noninvasive PA imaging, with better detection sensitivity than the blood test. Furthermore, this probe is utilized for screening nephroprotective drugs among natural products. For the first time, astragalin is discovered to be a potential new drug for the treatment of AKI. After oral administration, astragalin can be efficiently absorbed by the animal body, alleviate kidney injury, and meanwhile induce no damage to other normal tissues. The treatment mechanism of astragalin has also been revealed to be the simultaneous inhibition of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cuproposis. The developed PA imaging probe and the discovered drug candidate provide a promising new tool and strategy for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chenming Chan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haifeng Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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4
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Ushasree MV, Jia Q, Do SG, Lee EY. New opportunities and perspectives on biosynthesis and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108325. [PMID: 38395206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, the genus Aloe has been an indispensable part of both traditional and modern medicine. Decades of intensive research have unveiled the major bioactive secondary metabolites of this plant. Recent pandemic outbreaks have revitalized curiosity in aloe metabolites, as they have proven pharmacokinetic profiles and repurposable chemical space. However, the structural complexity of these metabolites has hindered scientific advances in the chemical synthesis of these compounds. Multi-omics research interventions have transformed aloe research by providing insights into the biosynthesis of many of these compounds, for example, aloesone, aloenin, noreugenin, aloin, saponins, and carotenoids. Here, we summarize the biological activities of major aloe secondary metabolites with a focus on their mechanism of action. We also highlight the recent advances in decoding the aloe metabolite biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic machinery linked with these pathways. Proof-of-concept studies on in vitro, whole-cell, and microbial synthesis of aloe compounds have also been briefed. Research initiatives on the structural modification of various aloe metabolites to expand their chemical space and activity are detailed. Further, the technological limitations, patent status, and prospects of aloe secondary metabolites in biomedicine have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudulakumari Vasudevan Ushasree
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 2121 South street suite 400 Tacoma, Washington 98405, USA
| | - Seon Gil Do
- Naturetech, Inc., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Jiao YR, Chen KX, Tang X, Tang YL, Yang HL, Yin YL, Li CJ. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes and diabetic complications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:271. [PMID: 38632264 PMCID: PMC11024187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders, constitutes an important global health problem. Diabetes and its complications place a heavy financial strain on both patients and the global healthcare establishment. The lack of effective treatments contributes to this pessimistic situation and negative outlook. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as the most likely new breakthrough and advancement in treating of diabetes and diabetes-associated complication due to its capacity of intercellular communication, modulating the local microenvironment, and regulating cellular processes. In the present review, we briefly outlined the properties of MSCs-derived exosomes, provided a thorough summary of their biological functions and potential uses in diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu-Long Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Hai-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236000, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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6
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Wang H, Gao L, Zhao C, Fang F, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8. [PMID: 38498274 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, are common chronic diseases characterized by structural damage and functional decline of the kidneys. The current treatment of CKD is symptom relief. Several studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is a pathway closely related to the pathological process of CKD. It can ameliorate kidney damage by inhibiting this signal pathway which is involved with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and autophagy. This review highlights the role of activating or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CKD-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT. We also summarize the latest evidence on treating CKD by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway, discuss the shortcomings and deficiencies of PI3K/Akt research in the field of CKD, and identify potential challenges in developing these clinical therapeutic CKD strategies, and provide appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Hussain T, Alafnan A, Almazni IA, Helmi N, Moin A, Baeissa HM, Awadelkareem AM, Elkhalifa AO, Bakhsh T, Alzahrani A, Alghamdi RM, Khalid M, Tiwari RK, Rizvi SMD. Aloe-emodin exhibits growth-suppressive effects on androgen-independent human prostate cancer DU145 cells via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: an in vitro and in silico study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1325184. [PMID: 38348349 PMCID: PMC10859413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1325184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
At the molecular level, several developmental signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, have been associated with the initiation and subsequent progression of prostate carcinomas. The present report elucidated the anti-cancerous attributes of an anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (AE), against androgen-independent human prostate cancer DU145 cells. The cytotoxicity profiling of AE showed that it exerted significant cytotoxic effects and increased lactose dehydrogenase levels in DU145 cells (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). AE also induced considerable reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, which escalated at higher AE concentrations of 20 and 25 μM. AE also efficiently instigated nuclear fragmentation and condensation concomitantly, followed by the activation of caspase-3 and -9 within DU145 cells. AE further reduced the viability of mitochondria with increased cytosolic cytochrome-c levels (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in DU145 cells. Importantly, AE exposure was also correlated with reduced Wnt2 and β-catenin mRNA levels along with their target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of AE was evaluated by performing molecular docking studies with Wnt2 and β-catenin. Evidently, AE exhibited good binding energy scores toward Wnt2 and β-catenin comparable with their respective standards, CCT036477 (Wnt2 inhibitor) and FH535 (β-catenin inhibitor). Thus, it may be considered that AE was competent in exerting anti-growth effects against DU145 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells plausibly by modulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi M. Baeissa
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElmoneim O. Elkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alzahrani
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Mohammed Alghamdi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied College, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mei Y, Hu Y, Tao X, Shang J, Qian M, Suo F, Li J, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Chemical Profiling of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen Tablets Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and Its Quality Evaluation Based on UPLC-DAD Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae001. [PMID: 38251765 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablets (SWYST) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to characterize the constituents in SWYST and evaluate the quality based on the quantification of multiple bioactive components. SWYST samples were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and a data-processing strategy. As a result, 215 compounds in SWYST were unambiguously identified or tentatively characterized, including 14 potential new compounds. Meanwhile, strategies based on characteristic fragments for rapid identification were summarized, indicating that the qualitative method is accurate and feasible. Notably, the glucose esters of laccaic acid D-type anthraquinone were first found and their fragmentation patterns were described by comparing that of O-glycoside isomers. Besides, based on comparisons of the cleavage ways of mono-acyl glucose with different acyl groups or acylation sites, differences in fragmentation pathways between 1,2-di-O-acyl glucose and 1,6-di-O-acyl glucose were proposed for the first time and verified by reference substances. In addition, a validated UPLC-DAD was established for the determination of 11 major bioactive components related to treatment of CKD (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG), 1-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucose, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, chrysophanol-O-β-d-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion). Moreover, TSG and 1-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucose were found as the quality markers related to the origins of SWYST based on multivariate statistical analysis. Conclusively, the findings in this work provide a feasible reference for further studies on quality research and mechanisms of action in treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yumei Hu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Jing Shang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Fengtai Suo
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
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9
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Mei Y, Tong X, Hu Y, Liu W, Wang J, Lv K, Li X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W, Gao X. Comparative pharmacokinetics of six bioactive components of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablets in normal and chronic renal failure rats based on UPLC-TSQ-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116818. [PMID: 37348793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablets (SWYST), a Chinese patent medicine consisting of 12 herbal medicines, was formulated by a famous TCM nephrologist, Zou Yunxiang. It is clinically used to improve the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, dry mouth and throat, and dry stool in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) accompanied by qi and yin deficiency, dampness, and turbidity. SWYST can reduce urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and urinary protein loss, and increase the endogenous creatinine clearance rate. However, little is known about its pharmacokinetics. AIM OF STUDY To compare the pharmacokinetics of six bioactive components after oral administration of SWYST in normal and adenine-induced CRF rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TSQ-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the six bioactive compounds (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, plantagoguanidinic acid, rhein, aloe-emodin, and emodin) in rat plasma. Rat plasma samples were prepared using protein precipitation. Chromatography was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (3.0 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) using gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, while detection was achieved by electrospray ionization MS under the multiple selective reaction monitoring modes. After SWYST administration, rat plasma was collected at different time points, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of six analytes were calculated and analyzed based on the measured plasma concentrations. RESULTS The UPLC-TSQ-MS/MS method was fully validated for its satisfactory linearity (r ≥ 0.9913), good precisions (RSD <11.5%), and accuracy (RE: -13.4∼13.1%), as well as acceptable limits in the extraction recoveries, matrix effects, and stability (RSD <15%). In normal rats, the six analytes were rapidly absorbed (Tmax ≤ 2 h), and approximately 80% of their total exposure was eliminated within 10 h. Moreover, in normal rats, the AUC0-t and Cmax of albiflorin, plantagoguanidinic acid, and rhein exhibited linear pharmacokinetics within the dose ranges, while that of paeoniflorin is non-linear. However, in CRF rats, the six analytes exhibited reduced elimination and significantly different AUC or Cmax values. These changes may reflect a decreased renal clearance rate or inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the liver and gastrointestinal tract caused by CRF. CONCLUSIONS A sensitive UPLC-TSQ-MS/MS method was validated and used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of SWYST in normal and CRF rats. This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of SWYST, and our findings elucidate the causes of their different pharmacokinetic behaviors in CRF rats. Furthermore, the results provide useful information to guide further research on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation and clinical application of SWYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Lv
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, 222047, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Xia W, Li S, Li L, Zhang S, Wang X, Ding W, Ding L, Zhang X, Wang Z. Role of anthraquinones in combating insulin resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275430. [PMID: 38053837 PMCID: PMC10694622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance presents a formidable public health challenge that is intricately linked to the onset and progression of various chronic ailments, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Effectively addressing insulin resistance is paramount in preventing and managing these metabolic disorders. Natural herbal remedies show promise in combating insulin resistance, with anthraquinone extracts garnering attention for their role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes. Anthraquinones are believed to ameliorate insulin resistance through diverse pathways, encompassing activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, restoration of insulin signal transduction, attenuation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of gut microbiota. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the potential anthraquinone compounds that exert beneficial effects on insulin resistance, elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic impact. The evidence discussed in this review points toward the potential utilization of anthraquinones as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat insulin resistance and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Xia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Li
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - LinZehao Li
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiandang Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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11
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Roney M, Issahaku AR, Govinden U, Gazali AM, Aluwi MFFM, Zamri NB. Diabetic wound healing of aloe vera major phytoconstituents through TGF-β1 suppression via in-silico docking, molecular dynamic simulation and pharmacokinetic studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37942697 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2279280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
To restore the integrity of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the wound healing process involves a complex series of well-orchestrated biochemical and cellular events. Due to the existence of various active components, accessibility and few side effects, some plant extracts and their phytoconstituents are recognised as viable options for wound healing agents. To find possible inhibitors of diabetic wound healing, four main constituents of aloe vera were identified from the literature. TGF-β1 and the compounds were studied using molecular docking to see how they interacted with the active site of target protein (PDB ID: 6B8Y). The pharmacokinetics investigation of the aloe emodin with the highest dock score complied with all the Lipinski's rule of five and pharmacokinetics criteria. Conformational change in the docked complex of Aloe emodin was investigated with the Amber simulation software, via a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The MD simulations of aloe emodin bound to TGF-β1 showed the significant structural rotations and twists occurring from 0 to 200 ns. The estimate of the aloe emodin-TGF-β1 complex's binding free energy has also been done using MM-PBSA/GBSA techniques. Additionally, aloe emodin has a wide range of enzymatic activities since their probability active (Pa) values is >0.700. 'Aloe emodin', an active extract of aloe vera, has been identified as the key chemical in the current investigation that can inhibit diabetic wound healing. Both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments will be used in a wet lab to confirm the current computational findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-Aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid Issahaku
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- West African Centre for Computational Research and Innovation, Ghana, West Africa
| | - Usha Govinden
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Ahmad Mahfuz Gazali
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
- Centre for Bio-Aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Normaiza Binti Zamri
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
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12
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Liu H, Chen W, Tian C, Deng Y, Xu L, Ouyang W, Qiu R, You Y, Jiang P, Zhou L, Cheng J, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Sun X. The mechanism of Shenbing Decoction II against IgA nephropathy renal fibrosis revealed by UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21997. [PMID: 38027651 PMCID: PMC10654229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a major and growing public health problem. Renal fibrosis plays a vital role in the progression of IgAN. This study is to investigate the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic effects of Shenbing Decoction II (SBDII) in IgAN renal fibrosis treatment based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), network pharmacology and experimental verification. Method We first used UPLC-MS/MS to explore the main compounds of SBDII, and then used network pharmacology to predict the targets and key pathways of SBDII in the treatment of IgAN renal fibrosis. Next, bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) were used to induce IgAN in rats, and then biochemical indicators, renal tissue pathology, and renal fibrosis-related indicators were examined. At the same time, part of the results predicted by network pharmacology were also verified. Result A total of 105 compounds were identified in SBDII by UPLC-MS/MS. Network pharmacology results showed that the active compounds such as acacetin, eupatilin, and galangin may mediate the therapeutic effects of SBDII in treating IgAN by targeting tumor protein p53 (TP53) and regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt kinase (Akt) signaling pathway. Animal experiments showed that SBDII not only significantly improved renal function and fibrosis in IgAN rats, but also significantly downregulated the expressions of p53, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Conclusion This UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacological and experimental study highlights that the TP53 as a target, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are the potential mechanism by which SBDII is involved in IgAN renal fibrosis treatment. Acacetin, eupatilin, and galangin are probable active compounds in SBDII, these results might provide valuable guidance for further studies of IgAN renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxi Liu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyang Tian
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijian Deng
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangwo Xu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenkun Ouyang
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Qiu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Dai R, Lu JY, Chen WD, Hong BZ, Zhang L, Cheng M, Wang YP, Zhang Y. Simultaneous determination of multiple constituents, serum composition, and tissue distribution of Qingshen granule using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300159. [PMID: 37525329 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Qingshen granule, composed of 14 herbal drugs, is primarily used as the assistant therapy for chronic kidney disease. Qingshen granule chemical composition was complex, but its chemical constituents and the pharmacodynamic material basis remain unreported. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to recognize the chemical constituents of Qingshen granule. The analysis was performed using the ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The data were collected using heated electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes. This study successfully applied the UPHLC-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry technique with the Compound Discoverer 3.3 platform to analyze Qingshen granule chemical composition. A total of 127 and 42 chemical components were identified in Qingshen granule in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the tissue distribution of Qingshen granule, 9, 10, 11, 10, and 18 prototype components were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, respectively. Qingshen granule chemical constituents were characterized rapidly for the first time in this study, laying a foundation for further research on the substance basis and quality control of Qingshen granule in treating chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Zhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
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14
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Wu P, Wang X. Natural Drugs: A New Direction for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:5525. [PMID: 37513397 PMCID: PMC10385698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant influencing factors. To date, studies have mainly focused on the shared mechanisms between mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance, and they are now being pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target due to their extensive involvement in many human clinical settings. In view of the complex pathogenesis of diabetes, natural drugs have become new players in diabetes prevention and treatment because of their wide targets and few side effects. In particular, plant phenolics have received attention because of their close relationship with oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly review the mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress leads to insulin resistance. Moreover, we list some cytokines and genes that have recently been found to play roles in mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we describe several natural drugs that are currently widely used and give a brief overview of their therapeutic mechanisms. Finally, we suggest possible ideas for future research related to the unique role that natural drugs play in the treatment of insulin resistance through the above targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Wu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
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15
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Yu J, Zhao X, Yan X, Li W, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang J, Yang Y, Hao Y, Liang Z, Tao Y, Yuan Y, Du Z. Aloe-emodin ameliorated MI-induced cardiac remodeling in mice via inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD signaling via up-regulating SMAD7. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154793. [PMID: 37011420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone extract from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, has been certified to protect against acute myocardial ischemia. However, its effect on cardiac remodeling after chronic myocardial infarction (MI) and the possible mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of AE on cardiac remodeling and oxidative damage induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in vitro and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Echocardiography and Masson staining were used to demonstrate myocardial dysfunction and fibrosis. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The expressions of fibrosis-related factors such as type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that AE treatment significantly improved cardiac function, reduced structural remodeling, and reduced cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress in mice with myocardial infarction. In vitro, AE could protect neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCM) from angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, and significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase. Furthermore, AE treatment significantly reversed the Ang ii-induced upregulation. CONCLUSION In summary, our work reveals for the first time that AE activates the TGF-β signaling pathway by up-regulating Smad7 expression, which in turn regulates the expression of fibrosis-related genes, ultimately improving cardiac function, inhibiting the development of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in rats with chronic MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuqing Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiapan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilian Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiping Tao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; National key laboratory of frigid cardiovascular disease, Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; National key laboratory of frigid cardiovascular disease, Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
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16
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Yan N, Wang S, Gao H, Chen J, Cao J, Wei P, Li X, Yu Y, Wang Y, Niu Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Jin G. Neuroprotective effect of aloe emodin against Huntington's disease-like symptoms in R6/1 transgenic mice. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37191091 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aloe emodin is a natural anthraquinone derived from aloe or rhubarb, showing anti-renal fibrosis, anti-atherosclerosis and anti-cancer effects. Aloe emodin also shows neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke rats. Naturally, anthraquinone derivatives generally have the effect of inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway. There is an increase in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and TGF-β1 levels in both Huntington's disease (HD) patients' brains and HD transgenic mice. Thus, we hypothesized that aloe emodin may inhibit the phosphorylation of CaMKII (p-CaMKII) and TGF-β1/sma- and mad-related protein (Smad) signaling in the brain, further preventing motor and cognitive dysfunction. Aloe emodin was orally administered to 10- to 20-week-old HD R6/1 transgenic mice. Aloe emodin improved the motor coordination of R6/1 transgenic mice in the rotarod test and attenuated visual recognition impairment in the novel object recognition test. Aloe emodin downregulated levels of the mutant huntingtin protein, p-CaMKII and TGF-β1, but not the TGF-β2 or TGF-β3 levels, in the brains of R6/1 mice. Aloe emodin could also inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Altogether, these results indicated that aloe emodin prevents several HD-like symptoms through the inhibition of CaMKII/Smad and TGF-β1/Smad signaling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Gao
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
| | - Pengsheng Wei
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, Shenyang, 110171, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Niu
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
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17
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Li X, Huang X, Feng Y, Wang Y, Guan J, Deng B, Chen Q, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Yeong J, Hao J. Cylindrin from Imperata cylindrica inhibits M2 macrophage formation and attenuates renal fibrosis by downregulating the LXR-α/PI3K/AKT pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175771. [PMID: 37146709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica, a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been used to treat chronic kidney disease. Extracts of I. cylindrica display anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. However, the active components of the extracts and their protective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the ability of cylindrin, the main active compound extracted from I. cylindrica, to protect against renal fibrosis and to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. At high doses, cylindrin exerted protective effects against folic acid-induced kidney fibrosis in mice. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the LXR-α/PI3K/AKT pathway as a target of regulation by cylindrin. This was supported by our in vitro and in vivo results showing that cylindrin significantly downregulated the expression of LXR-α and phosphorylated PI3K/AKT in M2 macrophages and mouse renal tissues. Furthermore, high-dose cylindrin inhibited M2 polarization of IL-4-stimulated macrophages in vitro. Our results suggest that cylindrin alleviates renal fibrosis by attenuating M2 macrophage polarization through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway via downregulation of LXR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Yongmin Feng
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Botian Deng
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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Mei Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Tong X, Liu W, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Screening and characterization of xenobiotics in rat bio-samples after oral administration of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with a targeted and non-targeted strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115286. [PMID: 36804290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet (SWYST), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), has been effectively used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinically. However, an in-depth study of in vivo metabolism of SWYST is lacking. In this study, a targeted and non-targeted strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was developed to screen and characterize SWYST-related xenobiotics in rats. Based on the in-house library, a chemical database of SWYST including 215 constituents was constructed through "find by formula" and further verified by characteristic fragmentations or the literatures. Then the constructed chemical database was applied for the targeted screening of prototypes. As for metabolites, the non-targeted screening was achieved combined the peak picking using the function "find by auto-MS/MS" and peak filtration of the prototypes and endogenous components, while the targeted screening was performed using Metabolite ID according to the possible metabolic reactions. Furthermore, the potential metabolites were preliminarily identified by comparison of the parent compounds or references to the literatures. As a result, 201 exogenous components (87 prototypes and 121 metabolites) were characterized in rats after administration of SWYST, including 55 (17 prototypes and 38 metabolites) in plasma, 151 (52 prototypes and 99 metabolites) in urine, and 121 (74 prototypes and 47 metabolites) in feces. Finally, their possible metabolic pathways were summarized, and the metabolic reactions mainly involved phase I reactions (hydroxylation, deoxygenation, hydrogenation, methylation, oxidation, hydrolysis and esterification) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation). The findings of this research reveal the potential active ingredients of SWYST, providing an important material basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SWYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Dai S, Xue X, Li Y, Gong X. Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114297. [PMID: 36716659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb, in the form of a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Rhubarb possesses a good nephroprotective effect, which primarily protects the kidneys from fibrosis, oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, studies have shown that the long-term inappropriate use of Rhubarb may cause damage to renal function. Therefore, how to correctly understand and scientifically evaluate the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of Rhubarb with regard to CKD is a scientific question that urgently needs to be answered. In this review, we explain and illustrate how Rhubarb exerts its nephroprotective effect against CKD. We also describe the mechanisms of action that may cause its nephrotoxicity. Valuable and practical clinical guidance is proposed with regard to methods for mitigating the nephrotoxicity of Rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Wang H, Jiang Q, Kang L, Yuan L, Chen G, Cui X, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang L. Rheum officinale and Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit renal fibrosis via miR-21/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:115928. [PMID: 36513264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As one of the main components of many famous Chinese herbal formulas, Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorhiza Bunge (RS) are extensively used to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). RS has been proved to improve renal function and relieve renal fibrosis (RF), but the potential mechanism remains a mystery. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to determine whether microRNA-21 (miR-21) is associated with RF progression, as well as whether RS protects against RF through miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) The rat model of RF was established using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). After UUO surgery, miR-21 levels in plasma were detected by RT-PCR and RF scores were assessed by Masson's trichrome stain at days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The correlation analysis of the above two indexes was carried out by Spearman correlation analysis. (2) Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) was transfected with miR-21 mimic and inhibitor, and then the levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein and mRNA were measured with Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. (3) TGF-β (10 ng/mL) was added into HK-2 cells to induce fibrosis, followed by the intervention of RS-containing rat serum. PTEN and protein kinase-B (Akt) phosphorylation, as well as the expression of PTEN protein in HK-2 cells, were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. (4) The rat models of RF were prepared by UUO and treated with RS. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were measured. RF score was determined by Masson's trichrome stain. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-21, PTEN, and Akt mRNA. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of PTEN and Akt proteins. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plasma miR-21 levels and RF scores of rats after UUO surgery at Days 3, 7, 14 and 21. It was confirmed that miR-21 targeted PTEN. RS drug-containing serum could rise the expression of PTEN and reduce Akt phosphorylation of HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β. Moreover, RS drug-containing serum could increase PTEN expression and reduce Akt phosphorylation induced by miR-21 mimic in HK-2 cells. The rats treated with RS had significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and a lower RF score. RS also decreased miR-21 and Akt expressions, increased PTEN expression of UUO rats. CONCLUSION There was a positive correlation between plasma miR-21 levels and RF scores. The inhibitory effect of RS on RF might be mediated by miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Guan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
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21
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Chen S, Guan X, Xie L, Liu C, Li C, He M, Hu J, Fan H, Li Q, Xie L, Yang M, Zhang X, Xiao S, Tang J. Aloe-emodin targets multiple signaling pathways by blocking ubiquitin-mediated degradation of DUSP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36866539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE) has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of several cancer cell lines, including human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. In this study, we confirmed that AE inhibited malignant biological behaviors, including cell viability, abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of NPC cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that AE upregulated the expression of DUSP1, an endogenous inhibitor of multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways, resulting in blockage of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, protein kinase B (AKT), and p38-mitogen activated protein kinase(p38-MAPK) signaling pathways in NPC cell lines. Moreover, the selective inhibitor of DUSP1, BCI-hydrochloride, partially reversed the AE-induced cytotoxicity and blocked the aforementioned signaling pathways in NPC cells. In addition, the binding between AE and DUSP1 was predicted via molecular docking analysis using AutoDock-Vina software and further verified via a microscale thermophoresis assay. The binding amino acid residues were adjacent to the predicted ubiquitination site (Lys192) of DUSP1. Immunoprecipitation with the ubiquitin antibody, ubiquitinated DUSP1 was shown to be upregulated by AE. Our findings revealed that AE can stabilize DUSP1 by blocking its ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation and proposed an underlying mechanism by which AE-upregulated DUSP1 may potentially target multiple pathways in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiahua Hu
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Quanwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Liuping Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mingqing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shengjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, No. 924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, China
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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22
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Zhao YL, Zhang XH, Guo F, Wei Y, Shang JH, Luo XD. Yi Shen An, a Chinese traditional prescription, ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:163-174. [PMID: 35001799 PMCID: PMC8745358 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2021947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yi Shen An (YSA) is an investigational composite of traditional Chinese medicine (Reference: 2010L000974) for the treatment of renal disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of YSA against membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) to create a model of MGN. Then, rats were orally treated with YSA at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg for 35 successive days; prednisone (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of the experimental period, we performed a series of tests, including 24 h urinary protein, and biochemical, immunological, antioxidative, coagulation indices, and histopathological examination. RESULTS YSA-1 g/kg significantly lowered urinary protein from 68.37 to 30.74 mg (p < 0.01). Meantime, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) recovered from 66.26 and 20.51 g/L to 76.08 and 35.64 g/L (p < 0.01), respectively. YSA removed the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3c (C3c), prevented inter-capillary cell hyperplasia on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and reduced electron-dense deposits and fusion of podocytes. In addition, serum IgG and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated. In contrast, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride, circulating immune complex (CIC), and immunoglobulin M decreased in the YSA-treated group. Moreover, the blood coagulation dysfunction was adjusted. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate YSA may exert a therapeutic effect against MGN through the inhibition of CIC formation, and the removal of IgG and C3c deposition from the GBM, thus supporting the development of further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Shang Hai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shang Hai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
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The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aloe-Emodin-Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196153. [PMID: 36234685 PMCID: PMC9571363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel aloe-emodin–coumarin hybrids were designed and synthesized. The antitumor activity of these derivatives was evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (A549, SGC-7901, HepG2, MCF-7 and HCT-8). Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against one or more cell lines. Particularly, compound 5d exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity than the reference drug etoposide against all tested tumor cell lines, indicating that it had a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and that it may provide a promising lead compound for further development as an antitumor agent by structural modification. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationship study of the synthesized compounds was also performed.
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24
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Wang Y, Yu F, Li A, He Z, Qu C, He C, Ma X, Zhan H. The progress and prospect of natural components in rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919967. [PMID: 36105187 PMCID: PMC9465315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal fibrosis is a key pathological change that occurs in the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases . CKD has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is increasing each year on a global scale, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Natural products have been used for new drug development and disease treatment for many years. The abundant natural products in R. ribes L. can intervene in the process of renal fibrosis in different ways and have considerable therapeutic prospects. Purpose: The etiology and pathology of renal fibrosis were analyzed, and the different ways in which the natural components of R. ribes L. can intervene and provide curative effects on the process of renal fibrosis were summarized. Methods: Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Life Science, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were searched using the keywords ‘R. ribes L.’, ‘kidney fibrosis’, ‘emodin’ and ‘rhein’, and the various ways in which the natural ingredients protect against renal fibrosis were collected and sorted out. Results: We analyzed several factors that play a leading role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, such as the mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Additionally, we reviewed the progress of the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural components in R. ribes L. and the intervention mechanism of the crucial therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The natural components of R. ribes L. have a wide range of intervention effects on renal fibrosis targets, which provides new ideas for the development of new anti-kidney fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
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Ahrabi B, Abbaszadeh HA, Piryaei A, Shekari F, Ahmady Roozbahany N, Rouhollahi M, Azam Sayahpour F, Ahrabi M, Azimi H, Moghadasali R. Autophagy-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated renal fibrosis in an in vitro model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:359-372. [PMID: 37736337 PMCID: PMC10509741 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue. Methods Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2µM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50µM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50µM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA. Results Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2µM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Rouhollahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Azimi
- Department of English Language Teaching, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Reveal the Mechanism of Cassiae Semen against Cataracts. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5654120. [PMID: 35860180 PMCID: PMC9293494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5654120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cassiae semen (CS) is one of the most well-known herbs used in the treatment of cataracts in China. However, the potential mechanisms of its anticataract effects have not been fully explored. In this study, network pharmacology was used to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the actions of CS against cataracts, and molecular docking was performed to analyze the binding activity of proteins and compounds. qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA level of genes, and the cell apoptotic rate was measured using flow cytometry. We identified 13 active compounds from CS and 105 targets, as well as 238 cataract-related targets. PPI networks were constructed, and fifty key targets were obtained. These key targets were enriched in the regulation of transcription, apoptotic process, and signal transduction pathways. Molecular docking demonstrated that the compounds of CS exhibited good affinity to some critical targets. Furthermore, CS prevented the apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells induced by UVB lights by decreasing the gene expression of CASP3, ESR1, and TP53 and increasing the CRYAB gene expression. The present study attempted to explain the mechanisms for the effects of CS in the prevention and treatment of cataracts and provided an effective strategy to investigate active ingredients from natural medicines. Further studies are required to verify these findings via in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Jiang H, Mao T, Liu Y, Tan X, Sun Z, Cheng Y, Han X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shi L, Guo Y, Li J, Han H. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction in HFD-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908128. [PMID: 35721171 PMCID: PMC9202027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, characterized by excessive accumulation of hepatocyte fat. However, there is no exact and effective pharmacotherapy for NAFLD. Yinchen linggui zhugan decoction (YLZD) has been widely used to treat NAFLD. Nevertheless, its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. This study was carried out to investigate the active components of YLZD and explore its potential mechanisms for treating NAFLD by network pharmacology and experimental verification. The results showed that a total of 120 active components of YLZD and 365 targets were retrieved through databases, and the main active ingredients of YLZD consisted of chlorogenic acid, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, and geniposide. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed fundamental roles of TNF, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, and insulin resistance signaling pathways in the treatment of NAFLD by YLZD. Moreover, our experimental verification results showed that YLZD improved the liver pathological and cholesterol level, and reduced the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, CCL2, and CXCL10 in NAFLD rats, which all belonged to TNF signaling pathway. The molecular docking confirmed the correlation between the four core components (chlorogenic acid, emodin, rhein, and geniposide) and key factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB) in TNF signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study systematically clarified the protective mechanisms of YLZD against NAFLD through targeting the TNF signaling pathway, and provided new ideas for the drug research of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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28
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Wen L, Zhao Z, Li F, Ji F, Wen J. ICAM-1 related long noncoding RNA is associated with progression of IgA nephropathy and fibrotic changes in proximal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9645. [PMID: 35688937 PMCID: PMC9187724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) related long noncoding RNA (ICR) is on the antisense strand of ICAM-1 and regulates ICAM-1 expression. ICAM-1 is involved in renal tubulointerstitial injury; however, the expression and clinical implication of ICR are not determined in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We compared renal ICR levels in 337 IgAN patients with those of 89 biopsy controls, and a markedly increased ICR level was observed in IgAN patients. By Cox proportional hazards models, higher levels of renal ICR were independently associated with disease progression event defined as end-stage renal disease or ≥ 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients in the highest tertile of renal ICR had a 3.5-fold higher risk for disease progression compared with those in the lowest tertile. The addition of renal ICR to a model with traditional risk factors improved risk prediction of disease progression (net reclassification index: 0.31 [95% CI 0.01–0.50]; integrated discrimination index: 0.10 [95% CI 0.04–0.16]). Inhibition of ICR by transfection with plasmids containing ICR shRNA significantly reduced expression of collagen I and α-SMA, and phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in TGF-β1- treated HK-2 cells. Our findings suggest that renal ICR might be an independent predictor of IgAN progression and contribute to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Fanghua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fengping Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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29
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Peng M, Zheng Z, Chen S, Fang L, Feng R, Zhang L, Tang Q, Liu X. Sensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib and Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Aloe-Emodin Via PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 Signal Blockage. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908031. [PMID: 35677158 PMCID: PMC9168594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the impacts of AE (aloe-emodin) in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cells and the corresponding mechanism. Methods PC9 and PC9-GR cells were cultured and treated by gefitinib, AE, or the combination of the two drugs. Then, viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were investigated using CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Female BALB/c nude mice were employed for the establishment of xenograft tumor models to examine the role of AE in tumor growth. Results PC9-GR cells showed reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell viability, migration and invasion upon treatment by gefitinib, compared with PC9 cells. E-cahherin in PC9-GR cells was down-regulated, while Vimentin, Snail2 (or Slug) and Twist1 in PC9-GR cells were up-regulated, compared with PC9 cells. Meanwhile, treatment by a combination of gefitinib and AE significantly strengthened apoptosis of PC9-GR cells, while attenuated their migration and invasion, compared with the control group or treatment by gefitinib or AE alone. WB results showed that AE could reverse EMT and activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in PC9-GR cells. In vivo experiments showed that tumor growth and EMT of PC9-GR cells were dramatically repressed after treatment by a combination of AE and gefitinib. Additionally, the use of SC97 (a PI3K/Akt pathway activator) could counteract the effects of AE in gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells. Conclusions AE could enhance the gefitinib sensitivity of PC9-GR cells and reverse EMT by blocking PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuifeng Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoyang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Rongxiu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Qingnan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Li T, Shi L, Liu W, Hu X, Hui Y, Di M, Xue S, Zheng Y, Yao M, Li C, Meng K. Aloe-Emodin Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis by Activation of the Caspase-9/3/Gasdermin E Axis in HeLa Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854526. [PMID: 35662735 PMCID: PMC9157280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone), derived from some Chinese edible medicinal herbs, exerts a potential anticancer activity on various cancer cells, making it a drug candidate for cancer therapy. Yet, the role of aloe-emodin in pyroptosis, a new type of cell death, is uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms of aloe-emodin-triggered pyroptosis. Aloe-emodin inhibited proliferation and migration and triggered caspase-dependent cell death of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Aloe-emodin caused mitochondrial dysfunction and induced pyroptosis by activating the caspase-9/3/GSDME axis. Transcriptional analysis showed extensive changes in gene expressions in cellular pathways, including MAPK, p53, and PI3K-Akt pathways when treated with aloe-emodin. This study not only identified a novel role of aloe-emodin in pyroptotic cell death, but also performed a systematical genome-wide analysis of cellular pathways responding to aloe-emodin, providing a theoretical basis for applying anthraquinone derivatives in the treatment of GSDME-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Liuliu Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuhao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuanjian Hui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Maojun Di
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shen Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Aerospace Hospital, Xiaogan, China
| | - Mengjuan Yao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Taihe Hospital, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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31
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Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of aloe-emodin derivatives as potential modulators of Akt, NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hydroxychloroquine alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 4. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2421624. [PMID: 35518350 PMCID: PMC9064522 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2421624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and lacks effective clinical treatment for its complicated pathogenesis. In this study, the gene expression profiles downloaded from the GEO database were used to identify the key regulatory gene through bioinformatics analyses, and the potential mechanism in regulating DN was revealed via the gene set enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, and in vitro phenotype detection. The effect of the screened drug on DN was analyzed through in vitro and in vivo model experiments. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in DN was identified to be upregulated compared with that in normal control tissues. Further results revealed that IRF4 promoted the DN progression through inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The screening results of the TCM library showed that aloe-emodin (Ae) should be a potentially active target drug, and the in vitro and in vivo experiment results demonstrated that Ae could ameliorate DN by targeting IRF4. In conclusion, this study revealed the mechanism of the DN progression and demonstrated that Ae could be a potential target drug in ameliorating DN, providing ideas for the clinical treatments for DN.
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Hu T, Chen F, Chen D, Liang H. DNMT3a negatively regulates PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway to aggravate renal fibrosis. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110352. [PMID: 35523401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis has become one of the major diseases threatening global public health and harming human life and health. PTEN methylation plays an important role in fibrotic diseases of many organs. However, the relationship between PTEN methylation and renal fibrosis is still elusive. METHODS In the present study, we established a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model in vivo and a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) model in vitro. The degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was detected by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Western blot (WB), qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analyses were used to determine the mechanism by which PTEN methylation regulates renal fibrosis. The α-SMA fibrosis marker was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, the relationship of PTEN and DNMT3a in UUO was determined by ChIP-qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that the promoter region of PTEN was methylated in UUO. Compared to the sham group, the expression of PTEN was significantly reduced in the UUO group. However, the demethylation reagent significantly inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which showed increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of α-SMA and fibronectin. Moreover, treatment of HK-2 cells with 5-aza-dc reversed the activation of the TGF-β1-induced PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which inhibited renal fibrosis. WB analysis demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited the PTEN protein expression level and DNMT3a knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on PTEN expression. Furthermore, ChIP-qRT-PCR showed that DNMT3a interacted with PTEN. Finally, we found that DNMT3a negatively regulated PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and aggravate renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, these results indicated that renal fibrosis is related to the downregulation of PTEN. Additionally, DNMT3a negatively regulates PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and induce EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby aggravating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongqing Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China..
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35
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Xiao L, Chen A, Gao Q, Xu B, Guo X, Guan T. Pentosan polysulfate ameliorates fibrosis and inflammation markers in SV40 MES13 cells by suppressing activation of PI3K/AKT pathway via miR-446a-3p. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:105. [PMID: 35291969 PMCID: PMC8925175 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a common outcome of various renal damage, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Currently, there are no effective therapies for renal fibrosis. The present study aimed to determine whether pentosan polysulphate sodium (PPS), a FDA approved medication for interstitial cystitis, protects diabetic renal fibrosis. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated in mouse mesangial cells (SV40-MES13) after incubating with the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which play important roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Western blot and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN), two biomarkers of renal fibrosis, as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), two biomarkers of inflammation. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Ser and Thr Kinase (AKT) signalling was investigated by miRNA deep sequencing and validated by RT-PCR and miRNA transfection. RESULTS AGEs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, which was associated with the overexpression of TGF-β1, FN, IL-6, and TNFα. PPS almost completely reversed AGEs-induced biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation, and significantly altered the miRNA expression profile in AGEs-treated cells. Notably, the PI3K/AKT signalling was one of the most significantly enriched pathways targeted by PPS-related differentially expressed miRNAs. PPS significantly up-regulated miR-466a-3p, which was shown to target PIK3CA, and mediated the inhibitory effect of PPS on AGEs-induced activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of PPS protected against AGEs-induced toxicity in SV40 MES13 cells via miR-466a-3p-mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiang Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xamen University, No 203, Hubin South Road, Siming district, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
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Tang S, Xiao G, Yuan Q, Lin W, Yuan X, Fang X, Deng T, Xiao X. Long Non-coding RNA ENST00000453774.1 Confers an Inhibitory Effect on Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting miR-324-3p to Promote NRG1 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:580754. [PMID: 34869303 PMCID: PMC8640469 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.580754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive or chronic renal diseases arise from a process of destructive renal fibrosis. Therefore, the molecular basis of renal fibrosis has attracted increasing attention. In this investigation, we set out to elucidate the potential interaction among long non-coding RNA ENST00000453774.1 (lncRNA 74.1), microRNA-324-3p (miR-324-3p), and NRG1, and to investigate their roles in the context of cellular autophagy and renal fibrosis. We collected 30 renal fibrosis tissue samples for analysis. In other studies, HK-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 to induce a cell model of renal fibrosis, followed by alteration on the expression of lncRNA 74.1, miR-324-3p, or NRG1, or by the addition of AKT activator SC79 in the HK-2 cells. The expression levels of lncRNA 74.1, miR-324-3p, NRG1, autophagy-related proteins (ATG5, ATG7, LC3II/I, and P62), and the corresponding fibrosis markers (Collagen I, Fibronectin, and α-SMA) were subsequently determined using various assay methods. In addition, the proportion of LC3 positive cells and number of autophagosomes were recorded. Results revealed that lncRNA 74.1 and NRG1 were poorly expressed and miR-324-3p was highly expressed in renal fibrosis tissues and modeled cells. LncRNA 74.1 could bind to miR-324-3p, which led to upregulated NRG1 expression and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, overexpression of lncRNA 74.1 or down-regulation of miR-324-3p increased the levels of ATG5, ATG7, LC3II, and LC3I, and decreased levels of P62, Collagen I, Fibronectin, and α-SMA, accompanied by elevated proportions of LC3 positive cells and autophagosomes. Findings concur in showing that lncRNA 74.1 could induce cellular autophagy and alleviate renal fibrosis by regulating the miR-324-3p-mediated NRG1/PI3K/AKT axis. This axis may thus present a potential molecular target in renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianci Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qin MY, Huang SQ, Zou XQ, Zhong XB, Yang YF, Zhang YT, Mi ZC, Zhang YS, Huang ZG. Drug-containing serum of rhubarb-astragalus capsule inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 by downregulating TGF-β1/p38MAPK/Smad2/3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114414. [PMID: 34314804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheum palmatum L; Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.), is referred to as 'Dahuang, Huangqi' in China. As an important medicinal plant, the rhizome of rhubarb and astragalus is traditionally used in the treatment of kidney diseases associated with renal failure, inflammation and tumors. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of a drug-containing serum of rhubarb-astragalus capsules (composed of rhubarb and astragalus) and to elucidate its mechanism in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of HK-2 cells was induced by TGF-β1, and rhubarb-astragalus and losartan drug-containing serum from rats, as well as SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK), were used. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the main components of the drug-containing serum of rhubarb-astragalus from rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to determine the levels of protein expression, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis was used to detect the levels of gene expression. RESULTS The drug-containing serum of rhubarb-astragalus contained emodin (0.36 μg/ml) and danthraquinone (0.96 μg/ml). Rhubarb-astragalus significantly decreased the protein expression levels of α-SMA, FN, vimentin and N-cadherin in HK-2 cells that were increased by TGF-β1, while it significantly increased the E-cadherin protein expression level that was decreased by TGF-β1. Rhubarb-astragalus also significantly decreased the protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and p38 MAPK and the mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, vimentin, TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, Smad2 and Smad3 in HK-2 cells that were increased by TGF-β1. It is worth noting that SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) had similar effects as rhubarb-astragalus in this study. CONCLUSION The drug-containing serum of rhubarb-astragalus can inhibit EMT in HK-2 cells by downregulating the TGF-β1/p38 MAPK/Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Qin
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Song-Qing Huang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng-Cheng Mi
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Song Zhang
- Postgraduate, Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Wang X, Liu T, Huang Y, Dai Y, Lin H. Regulation of transforming growth factor-β signalling by SUMOylation and its role in fibrosis. Open Biol 2021; 11:210043. [PMID: 34753319 PMCID: PMC8580444 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an abnormal healing process that only repairs the structure of an organ after injury and does not address damaged functions. The pathogenesis of fibrosis is multifactorial and highly complex; numerous signalling pathways are involved in this process, with the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway playing a central role. TGF-β regulates the generation of myofibroblasts and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating transcription and translation of downstream genes and precisely regulating fibrogenesis. The TGF-β signalling pathway can be modulated by various post-translational modifications, of which SUMOylation has been shown to play a key role. In this review, we focus on the function of SUMOylation in canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signalling and its role in fibrosis, providing promising therapeutic strategies for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Huang
- First Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Dai
- Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Xu H, Wu T, Huang L. Therapeutic and delivery strategies of phytoconstituents for renal fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113911. [PMID: 34358538 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases endangering human health and life. By 2030, 14 per 100,000 people may die from CKD. Renal fibrosis (RF) is an important intermediate link and the final pathological change during CKD progression to the terminal stage. Therefore, identifying safe and effective treatment methods for RF has become an important goal. In 2018, the World Health Organization introduced traditional Chinese medicine into its effective global medical program. Various phytoconstituents that affect the RF process have been extracted from different plants. Here, we review the potential therapeutic capabilities of active phytoconstituents in RF treatment and discuss how phytoconstituents can be structurally modified or combined with other ingredients to enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. We also summarize phytoconstituent delivery strategies to overcome renal barriers and improve bioavailability and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, People's Republic of China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Pharmacodynamics of Aloe vera and acemannan in therapeutic applications for skin, digestion, and immunomodulation. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6572-6584. [PMID: 34427371 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Scientific studies of Aloe vera have tentatively explained therapeutic claims from a mechanistic perspective. Furthermore, in vitro outcomes demonstrate that the breakage of acemannan chains into smaller fragments enhances biological effects. These fragments can intravenously boost vaccine efficacy or entrain the immune system to attack cancer cells by mannose receptor agonism of macrophage or dendritic cells. With oral consumption, epithelialisation also occurs at injured sites in the small intestine or colon. The main advantage of dietary acemannan is the attenuation of the digestive process, increasing satiety, and slowing the release of sugars from starches. In the colon, acemannan is digested by microbes into short-chain fatty acids that are absorbed and augment the sensation of satiety and confer a host of other health benefits. In topical applications, an acemannan/chitosan combination accelerates the closure of wounds by promoting granular tissue formation, which creates a barrier between macrophages or neutrophils and the wound dressing. This causes M2 polarisation, reversal of inflammation, and acceleration of the re-epithelialisation process. This review summarises and explains the current pharmacodynamic paradigm in the context of acemannan in topical, oral, and intravenous applications. However, due to contradictory results in the literature, further research is required to provide scientific evidence to confirm or nullify these claims.
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Sun L, Sun C, Zhou S, Zhang L, Hu W. Tamsulosin attenuates high glucose- induced injury in glomerular endothelial cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5184-5194. [PMID: 34402375 PMCID: PMC8806910 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes. Tamsulosin is a selective α1-AR antagonist. α1-AR is expressed widely in kidney tissues and has displayed its various physiological functions. However, whether Tamsulosin has affects DN is unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been examined whether Tamsulosin possesses a beneficial effect in high glucose-challenged glomerular endothelial cells (GECs). Firstly, we found that Tamsulosin reduced high glucose-induced expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Secondly, Tamsulosin alleviated high glucose-induced expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Thirdly, Tamsulosin inhibited the expressions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Importantly, our results indicate that Tamsulosin inhibited high glucose-induced expressions of fibrosis factors such as Col-1 and TGF-β1. Additionally, we found that Tamsulosin ameliorated oxidative stress via reducing the generation of ROS and preventing the activation of p38. Mechanistically, we found that Tamsulosin attenuated high glucose-induced activation of NF-κB. Based on these findings, we conclude that Tamsulosin could attenuate high glucose-induced injury in GECs through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengmin Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- Inpatient Department Central Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Yi L, Liu J, Deng M, Zuo H, Li M. Emodin inhibits viability, proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:252. [PMID: 34332565 PMCID: PMC8325255 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of emodin on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia and to explore the underling molecular mechanisms. METHODS PASMCs were cultured in a hypoxic environment (1% oxygen) and then treated with emodin. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, EdU staining assay, western blot and Mito-tracker red CMXRos and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. The microRNA (miRNA)/mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Based on transcriptomics and proteomics were used to identify potential signaling pathways. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to examine the interaction between miR-244-5p and DEGS1. RESULTS Emodin at 40 and 160 µM concentration-dependently suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, but enhanced cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that emodin could attenuate the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling in PASMCs under hypoxia. In addition, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1) was found to be a direct target of miR-244-5p. Emodin could significantly up-regulated miR-244-5p expression and down-regulated DEGS1 expression in PASMCs under hypoxia. Furthermore, emodin-mediated effects on cell viability, migration, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signaling activity of PASMCs under hypoxia were significantly attenuated by miR-244-5p knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that emodin suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia via modulating miR-244-5p-mediated DEGS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MiR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis was initially investigated in this current study, which is expected to further the understanding of the etiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - JunFang Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Huihua Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, NO. 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou, 510260 Guangdong China
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Xian M, Cai J, Zheng K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Liang S, Wang S. Aloe-emodin prevents nerve injury and neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8056-8067. [PMID: 34286782 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by cerebral arterial occlusion is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Cellular oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathological process of neural damage in IS. It is necessary to develop functional food or drugs, which target neuroinflammation and oxidation mechanisms against IS. The molecule compound aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from aloe and rhubarb. However, the exact mechanism of the pharmacological action of AE on IS remains unclear. Here, for aiming to demonstrate the mechanism of AE, our study explored the middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats in vivo, oxygen and glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells in vitro. We found that AE significantly improved the infarct size and behavioral score of MCAO/R rats, decreased the expression of TNF-α, MDA, LDH, Caspase 3, and increased the expression of SOD, Bcl-2/Bax. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results showed that AE could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the sham group and MCAO/R group. In vitro, AE significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from the insult of OGD/R and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo and in vitro, western blot analysis results showed that AE significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins. In addition, AE significantly decreased NF-κB protein expression in BV2 cells. The use of AKT-specific inhibitor MK-2206 2HCL to inhibit AKT expression can block the protective effect of AE on SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R insults. Overall, our study suggests that AE protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, these results indicated that AE could be a promising first-line therapy for preventing and treating ischemic stroke and can be used as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu Y, Su YY, Yang Q, Zhou T. Stem cells in the treatment of renal fibrosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of renal fibrosis pathogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 34112221 PMCID: PMC8194041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis commonly leads to glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis and the main pathological basis involves tubular atrophy and the abnormal increase and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal fibrosis can progress to chronic kidney disease. Stem cells have multilineage differentiation potential under appropriate conditions and are easy to obtain. At present, there have been some studies showing that stem cells can alleviate the accumulation of ECM and renal fibrosis. However, the sources of stem cells and the types of renal fibrosis or renal fibrosis models used in these studies have differed. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis (including signaling pathways) of renal fibrosis, and the effect of stem cell therapy on renal fibrosis as described in preclinical and clinical studies. We found that stem cells from various sources have certain effects on improving renal function and alleviating renal fibrosis. However, additional clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Svitina H, Hamman JH, Gouws C. Molecular mechanisms and associated cell signalling pathways underlying the anticancer properties of phytochemical compounds from Aloe species (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:852. [PMID: 34178125 PMCID: PMC8220653 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring components from various species of Aloe have been used as traditional folk medicine since the ancient times. Over the last few decades, the therapeutic effects of extracts and phytochemical compounds obtained from Aloe vera have been proven in preclinical and clinical studies. Recently, compounds from other Aloe species apart from Aloe vera have been investigated for the treatment of different diseases, with a particular focus on cancer. In the present review, the effects of phytochemical compounds obtained from different Aloe species are discussed, with a specific focus on the effects on cell signalling in cancer and normal cells, and their selectivity and efficacy. This information will be useful for the application of Aloe-derived compounds as therapeutic agents, either alone or in combination with other standard drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa.,Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West 2520, South Africa
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Emodin Attenuated the Kidney Damage of High-Fat-Diet Mice via the Upregulation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6662704. [PMID: 34159197 PMCID: PMC8187071 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its effect on target organs were impaired in individuals with obesity. However, its mechanism needs to be further studied. We aim to explore the roles of the receptor of GLP-1 (GLP-1R) involved in high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced kidney damage improved by emodin. Methods Male C57bl/6 mice were fed with HFD diet and therapied by emodin. NRK-52E cells were cultured and treated with palmitic acid or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Emodin was used to remedy the NRK-52E cell damage. GW9662 was administrated to block the function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). GLP-1 in the plasma was measured by ELISA. PPAR-γ and GLP-1R in the kidney and NRK-52E cells were detected by western blotting. The interaction between PPAR-γ protein and GLP-1R promoter regions was observed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results Postprandial GLP-1 levels in plasma, as well as PPAR-γ and GLP-1R, decreased in kidney tissue of HFD mice, while they were reserved by emodin treatment. Although PPAR-γ and GLP-1R were not downregulated by LDL-C, they were suppressed by palmitic acid. Interestingly, GLP-1R mRNA was detected by PCR in the mixture pulled down with PPAR-γ antibody. Additionally, downregulation of PPAR-γ and GLP-1R by palmitic acid was remanded by emodin. Moreover, GW9662, an inhibitor of PPAR-γ, abolished the protective effect of emodin. Conclusion The kidney damage of HFD mice seems to be alleviated by emodin via the upregulation of GLP-1R in kidney tissue.
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Jin J, Qian F, Zheng D, He W, Gong J, He Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via Exosomes-Mediated Delivery of microRNA Let-7i-5p Antagomir. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3565-3578. [PMID: 34079249 PMCID: PMC8164705 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have been shown to alleviate renal fibrosis and injury, but the mechanism of MSCs-Exo-induced renal protection remains unknown. Methods In this study, MSCs were transfected with let-7i-5p antagomir (anti-let-7i-5p), and then exosomes were isolated from the transfected MSCs to deliver anti-let-7i-5p oligonucleotides to inhibit the level of let-7i-5p in kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Results In both NRK-52E cells stimulated by TGF-β1 and the mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we demonstrated increased level of let-7i-5p. In addition, MSCs-Exo can deliver anti-let-7i-5p to reduce the level of let-7i-5p in NRK-52E cells and increase the expression of its target gene TSC1. Moreover, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated NRK-52E cells and in the kidneys of UUO-treated mice. Meanwhile, mice received exosomal anti-let-7i-5p displayed reduced renal fibrosis and improved kidney function when challenged with UUO. Furthermore, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p promoted the activation the tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC1/mTOR) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion In conclusion, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p from MSCs exerts anti-fibrotic effects in TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic responses in NRK52E cells in vitro as well as in UUO-induced renal fibrosis model in vivo. These results provided a novel perspective on improving renal fibrosis by MSCs-Exo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, People's Republic of China
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Zhang BL, Yang XH, Jin HM, Zhan XL. Identification of differentially expressed genes in diabetic kidney disease by RNA-Seq analysis of venous blood platelets. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34029013 PMCID: PMC8329951 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease. However, because of shared complications between DKD and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the description and characterization of DKD remain ambiguous in the clinic, hindering the diagnosis and treatment of early‐stage DKD patients. Although estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria are well‐established biomarkers of DKD, early‐stage DKD is rarely accompanied by a high estimated glomerular filtration rate, and thus there is a need for new sensitive biomarkers. Transcriptome profiling of kidney tissue has been reported previously, although RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis of the venous blood platelets in DKD patients has not yet been described. In the present study, we performed RNA‐Seq analysis of venous blood platelets from three patients with CKD, five patients with DKD and 10 healthy controls, and compared the results with a CKD‐related microarray dataset. In total, 2097 genes with differential transcript levels were identified in platelets of DKD patients and healthy controls, and 462 genes with differential transcript levels were identified in platelets of DKD patients and CKD patients. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we selected 11 pathways, from which nine potential biomarkers (IL‐1B, CD‐38, CSF1R, PPARG, NR1H3, DDO, HDC, DPYS and CAD) were identified. Furthermore, by comparing the RNA‐Seq results with the GSE30566 dataset, we found that the biomarker KCND3 was the only up‐regulated gene in DKD patients. These biomarkers may have potential application for the therapy and diagnosis of DKD, as well aid in determining the mechanisms underlying DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Long Zhang
- The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (IBS), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Hong Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Min Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li Zhan
- Division of Nephrology, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Duan YR, Chen BP, Chen F, Yang SX, Zhu CY, Ma YL, Li Y, Shi J. LncRNA lnc-ISG20 promotes renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by inducing AKT phosphorylation through miR-486-5p/NFAT5. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4922-4937. [PMID: 33939247 PMCID: PMC8178263 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) lnc‐ISG20 has been found aberrantly up‐regulated in the glomerular in the patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aimed to elucidate the function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA lnc‐ISG20 on DN‐induced renal fibrosis. Expression patterns of lnc‐ISG20 in kidney tissues of DN patients were determined by RT‐qPCR. Mouse models of DN were constructed, while MCs were cultured under normal glucose (NG)/high glucose (HG) conditions. The expression patterns of fibrosis marker proteins collagen IV, fibronectin and TGF‐β1 were measured with Western blot assay. In addition, the relationship among lnc‐ISG20, miR‐486‐5p, NFAT5 and AKT were analysed using dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. The effect of lnc‐ISG20 and miR‐486/NFAT5/p‐AKT axis on DN‐associated renal fibrosis was also verified by means of rescue experiments. The expression levels of lnc‐ISG20 were increased in DN patients, DN mouse kidney tissues and HG‐treated MCs. Lnc‐ISG20 silencing alleviated HG‐induced fibrosis in MCs and delayed renal fibrosis in DN mice. Mechanistically, miR‐486‐5p was found to be a downstream miRNA of lnc‐ISG20, while miR‐486‐5p inhibited the expression of NFAT5 by binding to its 3'UTR. NFAT5 overexpression aggravated HG‐induced fibrosis by stimulating AKT phosphorylation. However, NFAT5 silencing reversed the promotion of in vitro and in vivo fibrosis caused by lnc‐ISG20 overexpression. Our collective findings indicate that lnc‐ISG20 promotes the renal fibrosis process in DN by activating AKT through the miR‐486‐5p/NFAT5 axis. High‐expression levels of lnc‐ISG20 may be a useful indicator for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bao-Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Su-Xia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ya-Li Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Zhang CB, García Córdoba CA, Zhang YY, To KF, Leung KT, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β1 Signaling: Immune Dynamics of Chronic Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628519. [PMID: 33718407 PMCID: PMC7948440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing a great burden on the healthcare system. Regrettably, effective CKD therapeutic strategies are yet available due to their elusive pathogenic mechanisms. CKD is featured by progressive inflammation and fibrosis associated with immune cell dysfunction, leading to the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment, which ultimately exacerbating renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is an indispensable immunoregulator promoting CKD progression by controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes via both canonical and non-canonical pathways. More importantly, recent studies have uncovered a new mechanism of TGF-β1 for de novo generation of myofibroblast via macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT). This review will update the versatile roles of TGF-β signaling in the dynamics of renal immunity, a better understanding may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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