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Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Mesbah-Namin SA, Vietor I. Granulocyte differentiation of rat bone marrow resident C-kit + hematopoietic stem cells induced by mesenchymal stem cells could be considered as new option in cell-based therapy. Regen Ther 2023; 23:94-101. [PMID: 37206538 PMCID: PMC10189093 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in hematopoietic engraftment and tissue repair in stem cell transplantation. In addition, these cells control the process of hematopoiesis by secreting growth factors and cytokines. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of rat bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs on the granulocyte differentiation of rat BM-resident C-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The mononuclear cells were collected from rat BM using density gradient centrifugation and MSCs and C-kit+ HSCs were isolated. Then, cells were divided into two groups and differentiated into granulocytes; C-kit+ HSCs alone (control group) and co-cultured C-kit+ HSCs with MSCs (experimental group). Subsequently, the granulocyte-differentiated cells were collected and subjected to real-time PCR and Western blotting for the assessment of their telomere length (TL) and protein expressions, respectively. Afterwards, culture medium was collected to measure cytokine levels. CD34, CD16, CD11b, and CD18 granulocyte markers expression levels were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. A significant change was also observed in the protein expression of Wnt and β-catenin. In addition, MSCs caused an increase in the TL of granulocyte-differentiated cells. MSCs could affect the granulocyte differentiation of C-kit+ HSCs via increasing TL and Wnt/β-catenin protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
- Corresponding author. Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kapuganti RS, Hayat B, Padhy B, Mohanty PP, Alone DP. Dickkopf-1 and ROCK2 upregulation and associated protein aggregation in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. Life Sci 2023; 326:121797. [PMID: 37217133 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The etiology of pseudoexfoliation (PEX), a stress-induced fibrillopathy and a leading cause of secondary glaucoma worldwide, remains limited. This study aims to understand the role of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) in PEX pathophysiology and assess its candidature as a biomarker for PEX. MAIN METHODS Expression levels of DKK1 and Wnt signaling genes were assayed in the anterior ocular tissues of study subjects by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Protein aggregation was studied through Proteostat staining. Role of DKK1 in protein aggregation and regulation of target Wnt signaling genes was elucidated through overexpression and knockdown studies in Human Lens Epithelial cells (HLEB3). Levels of DKK1 in circulating fluids were assayed through ELISA. KEY FINDINGS DKK1 upregulation was observed in lens capsule and conjunctiva tissues of PEX individuals compared to controls correlating with an upregulation of the Wnt signaling target, ROCK2. Proteostat staining showed increased protein aggregates in lens epithelial cells of PEX patients. HLE B-3 cells overexpressed with DKK1 showed increased protein aggregates along with upregulation of ROCK2, and knockdown of DKK1 in HLE B-3 cells demonstrated downregulation of ROCK2. Further, ROCK2 inhibition by Y-27632 in DKK1 overexpressed cells showed that DKK1 regulated protein aggregation via ROCK2. Also, increased levels of DKK1 were observed in patients' plasma and aqueous humor compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that DKK1 and ROCK2 might play a role in protein aggregation in PEX. Further, elevated levels of DKK1 in aqueous humor serve as a fair classifier of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramani Shyam Kapuganti
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bushra Hayat
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Biswajit Padhy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Debasmita Pankaj Alone
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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3
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The Exciting Realities and Possibilities of iPS-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020237. [PMID: 36829731 PMCID: PMC9952364 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a prevalent topic after their discovery, advertised as an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Due to their ability to differentiate into several kinds of cells, including cardiomyocytes, researchers quickly realized the potential for differentiated cardiomyocytes to be used in the treatment of heart failure, a research area with few alternatives. This paper discusses the differentiation process for human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and the possible applications of said cells while answering some questions regarding ethical issues.
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Wang Y, Yi N, Hu Y, Zhou X, Jiang H, Lin Q, Chen R, Liu H, Gu Y, Tong C, Lu M, Zhang J, Zhang B, Peng L, Li L. Molecular Signatures and Networks of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in Humans and Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32769060 PMCID: PMC7412763 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte differentiation derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a complex process involving molecular regulation of multiple levels. In this study, we first identify and compare differentially expressed gene (DEG) signatures of ESC-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation (ESCDCD) in humans and mice. Then, the multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis (MEGENA) of the human ESCDCD dataset is performed to identify 212 significantly co-expressed gene modules, which capture well the regulatory information of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Three modules respectively involved in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency, Wnt, and calcium pathways are enriched in the DEG signatures of the differentiation phase transition in the two species. Three human-specific cardiomyocyte differentiation phase transition modules are identified. Moreover, the potential regulation mechanisms of transcription factors during cardiomyocyte differentiation are also illustrated. Finally, several novel key drivers of ESCDCD are identified with the evidence of their expression during mouse embryonic cardiomyocyte differentiation. Using an integrative network analysis, the core molecular signatures and gene subnetworks (modules) underlying cardiomyocyte lineage commitment are identified in both humans and mice. Our findings provide a global picture of gene-gene co-regulation and identify key regulators during ESCDCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Na Yi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanqiong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Luying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Heart Health Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Hamad S, Derichsweiler D, Papadopoulos S, Nguemo F, Šarić T, Sachinidis A, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Boukens BJ, Pfannkuche K. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in 2D monolayer and scalable 3D suspension bioreactor cultures with reduced batch-to-batch variations. Theranostics 2019; 9:7222-7238. [PMID: 31695764 PMCID: PMC6831300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are promising candidates to treat myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. Such treatments require pure cardiomyocytes (CMs) in large quantities. Methods: In the present study we describe an improved protocol for production of hiPSC-CMs in which hiPSCs are first converted into mesodermal cells by stimulation of wingless (Wnt) signaling using CHIR99021, which are then further differentiated into CM progenitors by simultaneous inhibition of porcupine and tankyrase pathways using IWP2 and XAV939 under continuous supplementation of ascorbate during the entire differentiation procedure. Results: The protocol resulted in reproducible generation of >90% cardiac troponin T (TNNT2)-positive cells containing highly organized sarcomeres. In 2D monolayer cultures CM yields amounted to 0.5 million cells per cm2 growth area, and on average 72 million cells per 100 mL bioreactor suspension culture without continuous perfusion. The differentiation efficiency was hardly affected by the initial seeding density of undifferentiated hiPSCs. Furthermore, batch-to-batch variations were reduced by combinatorial use of ascorbate, IWP2, and XAV939. Conclusion: Combined inhibition of porcupine and tankyrase sub-pathways of Wnt signaling and continuous ascorbate supplementation, enable robust and efficient production of hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkawt Hamad
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan region-Iraq
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinics of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinics of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Guo Y, Dorn T, Kühl SJ, Linnemann A, Rothe M, Pfister AS, Vainio S, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Kühl M. The Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 is required for maintaining the normal cardiac differentiation program in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2019; 449:1-13. [PMID: 30797757 PMCID: PMC6496975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins can activate different intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways need to be tightly regulated for proper cardiogenesis. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor Dkk1 has been shown to be sufficient to trigger cardiogenesis in gain-of-function experiments performed in multiple model systems. Loss-of-function studies however did not reveal any fundamental function for Dkk1 during cardiogenesis. Using Xenopus laevis as a model we here show for the first time that Dkk1 is required for proper differentiation of cardiomyocytes, whereas specification of cardiomyocytes remains unaffected in absence of Dkk1. This effect is at least in part mediated through regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling via Wnt11. In line with these observations we also found that Isl1, a critical regulator for specification of the common cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) population, acts upstream of Dkk1. Dkk1 is required for cardiac development in Xenopus laevis. The Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 acts downstream of Isl1 during cardiac development in vivo. Loss of Dkk1 has no impact on cardiac specification in Xenopus. Normal cardiac differentiation is impaired upon Dkk1 inhibition in Xenopus. Dkk1 regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling during Xenopus cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Guo
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne J Kühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Linnemann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Rothe
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid S Pfister
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, InfoTech Oulu, Oulu University and Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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He X, Chen Y, Zhang C, Gong W, Zhang X, Nie S. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in Polluted Air Changes miRNA Profile Related to Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5925-5934. [PMID: 30144390 PMCID: PMC6120165 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in air pollution is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Recently, it has become well accepted that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 impacts human CVDs. However, few studies have shown miRNAs affected by PAHs play a critical role in transcriptional regulation related to cardiovascular development and disease. Material/Methods Human umbilical cord vein cells (HUVECs) incubated prior to treatment with PAHs at various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/ml) of PAHs particle solutions were added to the culture medium for 24 h. We performed isolation and sequencing of small RNAs and analysis of small RNA sequences and differential expression. The M3RNA database was used to predict miRNA-miRNA interactions. Tools from the DAVID database were used to perform the GO functional analysis of predicted miRNA target genes. A First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was used to synthesis cDNA. Results miRNA155 was revealed as a key regulator in PAHs treatment. The putative targets of upregulated miRNA in PAHs treatment indicated that the downregulated genes were enriched in biological pathways such as Wnt signaling and ErbB signaling, which are crucial for the development of vasculature. Conclusions In general, our results suggest that PAHs taken by PM2.5 can decrease cardiovascular-related gene expression through upregulating miRNA, which may be a new target for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan He
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan United Hospital Affiliated Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan United Hospital Affiliated Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Gong
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyong Zhang
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Emergency Citical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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8
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Quantitative Secretomics Reveals Extrinsic Signals Involved in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyogenesis. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800102. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Eldabah N, Nembo EN, Penner M, Semmler J, Swelem R, Hassab A, Molcanyi M, Hescheler J, Nguemo F. Altered Functional Expression of β-Adrenergic Receptors in Rhesus Monkey Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:336-346. [PMID: 29233068 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have demonstrated the potential to generate large numbers of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) from different cell sources. Besides Wnt signaling, additional pathways are involved in early cardiac development and function. To date however, no study exists showing the effects of perturbing the canonical Wnt pathway using nonhuman primate embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of canonical Wnt inhibition during differentiation of nonhuman primate ES cell-derived CMs under defined, growth factor conditions. Rhesus monkey ES (rES) cells were differentiated into spontaneously beating CMs in the absence (control) or presence (treated) of Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf1 (DKK1), vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor combined or added in a sequential manner during differentiation. Quantification and functional characterization of CMs were assessed by molecular and electrophysiological techniques. Analysis revealed no difference in average ratio of spontaneously beating clusters in both control and treated groups. However, the percentage of CMs was significantly reduced and the expressions of specific cardiac markers tested were also decreased in the treated group. Interestingly, we found that in CMs obtained from treated group, β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) were less expressed, their function was altered and electrophysiological studies revealed differences in action potential responsiveness to β-AR stimulation. We demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, DKK1 associated with other growth factors repressed functional expression of β-ARs in rES cell-derived CMs. Thus, control of this pathway in each cell line and source is important for proper basic research and further cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Eldabah
- 1 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,2 Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Alexandria , Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Marina Penner
- 3 Clinic of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Semmler
- 1 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Rania Swelem
- 2 Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Alexandria , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Hassab
- 2 Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Alexandria , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marek Molcanyi
- 1 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- 1 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- 1 Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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11
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Richter J, Traver D, Willert K. The role of Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:414-424. [PMID: 28508727 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1325828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Richter
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - David Traver
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Karl Willert
- a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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12
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Hempel A, Kühl SJ, Rothe M, Rao Tata P, Sirbu IO, Vainio SJ, Kühl M. The CapZ interacting protein Rcsd1 is required for cardiogenesis downstream of Wnt11a in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2017; 424:28-39. [PMID: 28237811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are critical for embryonic cardiogenesis and cardiomyogenesis by regulating different intracellular signalling pathways. Whereas canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling is required for mesoderm induction and proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells, β-catenin independent, non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates cardiac specification and terminal differentiation. Although the diverse cardiac malformations associated with the loss of non-canonical Wnt11 in mice such as outflow tract (OFT) defects, reduced ventricular trabeculation, myofibrillar disorganization and reduced cardiac marker gene expression are well described, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood. Here we aimed to further characterize Wnt11 mediated signal transduction during vertebrate cardiogenesis. Using Xenopus as a model system, we show by loss of function and corresponding rescue experiments that the non-canonical Wnt signalling mediator Rcsd1 is required downstream of Wnt11 for ventricular trabeculation, terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes and cardiac morphogenesis. We here place Rcsd1 downstream of Wnt11 during cardiac development thereby providing a novel mechanism for how non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates vertebrate cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Hempel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, IGradU, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne J Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Rothe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, IGradU, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, IGradU, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, BioCenter Oulu and InfoTech Oulu,University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Wei W, Huang W, Yue J. Requirement of IP3 receptor 3 (IP3R3) in nitric oxide induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:9-16. [PMID: 27349290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) markedly induces cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here we examined the role of the Ca(2+) signaling in the NO-induced CM differentiation of mouse ES cells. We found that NO induced intracellular Ca(2+) increases in ES cells in a dose-dependent manner, and application of IP3 pathway antagonists not only significantly inhibited this induced Ca(2+) increase but also abolished NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells. Subsequently, all 3 types of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) in mouse ES cells were individually or triply knocked down. Interestingly, only knockdown of type 3 IP3R (IP3R3) or triple-knockdown of three types of IP3Rs significantly inhibited the NO-induced Ca(2+) increases. Consistently, IP3R3 knockdown blocked the NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells. CMs derived from IP3R3 knockdown ES cells also showed both structural and functional defects. In summary, our results indicate that the IP3R3-Ca(2+) pathway is required for NO-induced CM differentiation of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Bylund JB, Hatzopoulos AK. Differentiation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells Using the BMP Antagonist Grem2. J Vis Exp 2016:53919. [PMID: 27023256 PMCID: PMC4828231 DOI: 10.3791/53919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocols for generating populations of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been developed, but these generally yield cells of mixed phenotypes. Researchers interested in pursuing studies involving specific myocyte subtypes require a more directed differentiation approach. By treating mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with Grem2, a secreted BMP antagonist that is necessary for atrial chamber formation in vivo, a large number of cardiac cells with an atrial phenotype can be generated. Use of the engineered Myh6-DSRed-Nuc pluripotent stem cell line allows for identification, selection, and purification of cardiomyocytes. In this protocol embryoid bodies are generated from Myh6-DSRed-Nuc cells using the hanging drop method and kept in suspension until differentiation day 4 (d4). At d4 cells are treated with Grem2 and plated onto gelatin coated plates. Between d8-d10 large contracting areas are observed in the cultures and continue to expand and mature through d14. Molecular, histological and electrophysiogical analyses indicate cells in Grem2-treated cells acquire atrial-like characteristics providing an in vitro model to study the biology of atrial cardiomyocytes and their response to various pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery B Bylund
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine;
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15
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Tanwar V, Bylund JB, Hu J, Yan J, Walthall JM, Mukherjee A, Heaton WH, Wang WD, Potet F, Rai M, Kupershmidt S, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK. Gremlin 2 promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells to atrial fate by activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1774-88. [PMID: 24648383 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for atrial differentiation and establishment of cardiac rhythm during embryonic development. A human Grem2 variant has been associated with familial atrial fibrillation, suggesting that abnormal Grem2 activity causes arrhythmias. However, it is not known how Grem2 integrates into signaling pathways to direct atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Grem2 expression is induced concurrently with the emergence of cardiovascular progenitor cells during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Grem2 exposure enhances the cardiogenic potential of ESCs by 20-120-fold, preferentially inducing genes expressed in atrial myocytes such as Myl7, Nppa, and Sarcolipin. We show that Grem2 acts upstream to upregulate proatrial transcription factors CoupTFII and Hey1 and downregulate atrial fate repressors Irx4 and Hey2. The molecular phenotype of Grem2-induced atrial cardiomyocytes was further supported by induction of ion channels encoded by Kcnj3, Kcnj5, and Cacna1d genes and establishment of atrial-like action potentials shown by electrophysiological recordings. We show that promotion of atrial-like cardiomyocytes is specific to the Gremlin subfamily of BMP antagonists. Grem2 proatrial differentiation activity is conveyed by noncanonical BMP signaling through phosphorylation of JNK and can be reversed by specific JNK inhibitors, but not by dorsomorphin, an inhibitor of canonical BMP signaling. Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and will assist the development of future approaches to study and treat arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Zhao L, Yang G, Zhao X. Rho-associated protein kinases play an important role in the differentiation of rat adipose-derived stromal cells into cardiomyocytes in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115191. [PMID: 25522345 PMCID: PMC4270751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) represent a readily available abundant supply of mesenchymal stem cells and have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in mice and human, making ADSCs a promising source of cardiomyocytes for transplantation. However, there has been no report of differentiation of rat ADSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, signaling pathways in the differentiation process from ADSCs to cardiomyocytes are unknown. In this study, we first demonstrated that rat ADSCs spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro, when cultured on a complete medium formulation MethoCult GF M3534. These differentiated cells possessed cardiomyocyte phenotype and expressed cardiac markers. Moreover, these cells showed open excitation-contracting coupling and Ca2+ transient and contracted spontaneously. The role of Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) in the differentiation process was then studied by using ROCK-specific inhibitor Y-27632 and ROCK siRNAs. These agents changed the arrangement of cytoskeleton and diminished appearance of cardiomyocyte phenotype, accompanied by inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and promotion of Akt phosphorylation. Collectively, this is the first study to demonstrate that rat ADSCs could spontaneously differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and ROCKs play an important role in the differentiation of ADSCs into beating cardiomyocytes in conjunction of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Ge C, Wang L, Liu X, Chen Y, Li M, Zhang M. Induction of DKK1 by ox-LDL negatively regulates intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:52-8. [PMID: 25436422 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and adipogenesis. We performed an in vitro study to determine whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increased the expression of DKK1 in macrophages and whether β-catenin and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were involved in this regulation. Induction of DKK1 expression by ox-LDL decreased the level of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) via a Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased ATP-binding cassette transporter A/G1 (ABCA/G1) levels via a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Lower LOX-1 and higher ABCA/G1 levels inhibited cholesterol loading in macrophages. In conclusion, ox-LDL may induce DKK1 expression in macrophages to inhibit the accumulation of lipids through a mechanism that involves downregulation of LOX-1-mediated lipid uptake and upregulation of ABCA/G1-dependent cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Atkinson SP, Lako M, Armstrong L. Potential for pharmacological manipulation of human embryonic stem cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:269-89. [PMID: 22515554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is vast, allowing disease modelling, drug discovery and testing and perhaps most importantly regenerative therapies. However, problems abound; techniques for cultivating self-renewing hESCs tend to give a heterogeneous population of self-renewing and partially differentiated cells and general include animal-derived products that can be cost-prohibitive for large-scale production, and effective lineage-specific differentiation protocols also still remain relatively undefined and are inefficient at producing large amounts of cells for therapeutic use. Furthermore, the mechanisms and signalling pathways that mediate pluripotency and differentiation are still to be fully appreciated. However, over the recent years, the development/discovery of a range of effective small molecule inhibitors/activators has had a huge impact in hESC biology. Large-scale screening techniques, coupled with greater knowledge of the pathways involved, have generated pharmacological agents that can boost hESC pluripotency/self-renewal and survival and has greatly increased the efficiency of various differentiation protocols, while also aiding the delineation of several important signalling pathways. Within this review, we hope to describe the current uses of small molecule inhibitors/activators in hESC biology and their potential uses in the future.
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Lecht S, Gerstenhaber JA, Stabler CT, Pimton P, Karamil S, Marcinkiewicz C, Schulman ES, Lelkes PI. Heterogeneous Mixed-Lineage Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Induced by Conditioned Media from A549 Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1923-36. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Lecht
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan A. Gerstenhaber
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Collin T. Stabler
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pimchanok Pimton
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Walailak University, Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Seda Karamil
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward S. Schulman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter I. Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Effect of oxygen on cardiac differentiation in mouse iPS cells: role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80280. [PMID: 24265804 PMCID: PMC3827186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbances in oxygen levels have been found to impair cardiac organogenesis. It is known that stem cells and differentiating cells may respond variably to hypoxic conditions, whereby hypoxia may enhance stem cell pluripotency, while differentiation of multiple cell types can be restricted or enhanced under hypoxia. Here we examined whether HIF-1alpha modulated Wnt signaling affected differentiation of iPS cells into beating cardiomyocytes. Objective We investigated whether transient and sustained hypoxia affects differentiation of cardiomyocytes derived from murine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, assessed the involvement of HIF-1alpha (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) and the canonical Wnt pathway in this process. Methods Embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from iPS cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes and were exposed either to 24 h normoxia or transient hypoxia followed by a further 13 days of normoxic culture. Results At 14 days of differentiation, 59±2% of normoxic EBs were beating, whilst transient hypoxia abolished beating at 14 days and EBs appeared immature. Hypoxia induced a significant increase in Brachyury and islet-1 mRNA expression, together with reduced troponin C expression. Collectively, these data suggest that transient and sustained hypoxia inhibits maturation of differentiating cardiomyocytes. Compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased HIF-1alpha, Wnt target and ligand genes in EBs, as well as accumulation of HIF-1alpha and beta-catenin in nuclear protein extracts, suggesting involvement of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Conclusion Hypoxia impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation and activates Wnt signaling in undifferentiated iPS cells. Taken together the study suggests that oxygenation levels play a critical role in cardiomyocyte differentiation and suggest that hypoxia may play a role in early cardiogenesis.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling has emerged as a potent regulator of hippocampal synaptic function, although no evidence yet supports a critical role for Wnt signaling in hippocampal memory. Here, we sought to determine whether canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is necessary for hippocampal memory consolidation. Immediately after training in a hippocampal-dependent object recognition task, mice received a dorsal hippocampal (DH) infusion of vehicle or the canonical Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1; 50, 100, or 200 ng/hemisphere). Twenty-four hours later, mice receiving vehicle remembered the familiar object explored during training. However, mice receiving Dkk-1 exhibited no memory for the training object, indicating that object recognition memory consolidation is dependent on canonical Wnt signaling. To determine how Dkk-1 affects canonical Wnt signaling, mice were infused with vehicle or 50 ng/hemisphere Dkk-1 and protein levels of Wnt-related proteins (Dkk-1, GSK3β, β-catenin, TCF1, LEF1, Cyclin D1, c-myc, Wnt7a, Wnt1, and PSD95) were measured in the dorsal hippocampus 5 min or 4 h later. Dkk-1 produced a rapid increase in Dkk-1 protein levels and a decrease in phosphorylated GSK3β levels, followed by a decrease in β-catenin, TCF1, LEF1, Cyclin D1, c-myc, Wnt7a, and PSD95 protein levels 4 h later. These data suggest that alterations in Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling may underlie the memory impairments induced by Dkk-1. In a subsequent experiment, object training alone rapidly increased DH GSK3β phosphorylation and levels of β-catenin and Cyclin D1. These data suggest that canonical Wnt signaling is regulated by object learning and is necessary for hippocampal memory consolidation.
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Müller II, Melville DB, Tanwar V, Rybski WM, Mukherjee A, Shoemaker MB, Wang WD, Schoenhard JA, Roden DM, Darbar D, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK. Functional modeling in zebrafish demonstrates that the atrial-fibrillation-associated gene GREM2 regulates cardiac laterality, cardiomyocyte differentiation and atrial rhythm. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:332-41. [PMID: 23223679 PMCID: PMC3597016 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and carries a significant risk of stroke and heart failure. The molecular etiologies of AF are poorly understood, leaving patients with limited therapeutic options. AF has been recognized as an inherited disease in almost 30% of patient cases. However, few genetic loci have been identified and the mechanisms linking genetic variants to AF susceptibility remain unclear. By sequencing 193 probands with lone AF, we identified a Q76E variant within the coding sequence of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin-2 (GREM2) that increases its inhibitory activity. Functional modeling in zebrafish revealed that, through regulation of BMP signaling, GREM2 is required for cardiac laterality and atrial differentiation during embryonic development. GREM2 overactivity results in slower cardiac contraction rates in zebrafish, and induction of previously identified AF candidate genes encoding connexin-40, sarcolipin and atrial natriuretic peptide in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. By live heart imaging in zebrafish overexpressing wild-type or variant GREM2, we found abnormal contraction velocity specifically in atrial cardiomyocytes. These results implicate, for the first time, regulators of BMP signaling in human AF, providing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and identifying potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris I Müller
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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