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Nguyen TD, Chooi WH, Jeon H, Chen J, Tan J, Roxby DN, Lee CYP, Ng SY, Chew SY, Han J. Label-Free and High-Throughput Removal of Residual Undifferentiated Cells From iPSC-Derived Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:387-398. [PMID: 38321361 PMCID: PMC11016845 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has beneficial effects in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the presence of residual undifferentiated iPSCs among their differentiated progeny poses a high risk as these cells can develop teratomas or other types of tumors post-transplantation. Despite the need to remove these residual undifferentiated iPSCs, no specific surface markers can identify them for subsequent removal. By profiling the size of SCPCs after a 10-day differentiation process, we found that the large-sized group contains significantly more cells expressing pluripotent markers. In this study, we used a sized-based, label-free separation using an inertial microfluidic-based device to remove tumor-risk cells. The device can reduce the number of undifferentiated cells from an SCPC population with high throughput (ie, >3 million cells/minute) without affecting cell viability and functions. The sorted cells were verified with immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, and colony culture assay. We demonstrated the capabilities of our technology to reduce the percentage of OCT4-positive cells. Our technology has great potential for the "downstream processing" of cell manufacturing workflow, ensuring better quality and safety of transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Dai Nguyen
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungkook Jeon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome Tan
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel N Roxby
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pellegrini S, Zamarian V, Sordi V. Strategies to Improve the Safety of iPSC-Derived β Cells for β Cell Replacement in Diabetes. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10575. [PMID: 36090777 PMCID: PMC9448870 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation allows for the re-establishment of glycemic control with the possibility of insulin independence, but is severely limited by the scarcity of organ donors. However, a new source of insulin-producing cells could enable the widespread use of cell therapy for diabetes treatment. Recent breakthroughs in stem cell biology, particularly pluripotent stem cell (PSC) techniques, have highlighted the therapeutic potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. An understanding of the stages that regulate β cell development has led to the establishment of protocols for PSC differentiation into β cells, and PSC-derived β cells are appearing in the first pioneering clinical trials. However, the safety of the final product prior to implantation remains crucial. Although PSC differentiate into functional β cells in vitro, not all cells complete differentiation, and a fraction remain undifferentiated and at risk of teratoma formation upon transplantation. A single case of stem cell-derived tumors may set the field back years. Thus, this review discusses four approaches to increase the safety of PSC-derived β cells: reprogramming of somatic cells into induced PSC, selection of pure differentiated pancreatic cells, depletion of contaminant PSC in the final cell product, and control or destruction of tumorigenic cells with engineered suicide genes.
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Morita Y, Kishino Y, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Scalable manufacturing of clinical-grade differentiated cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative therapy. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13248. [PMID: 35534945 PMCID: PMC9357358 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac regenerative therapy is one of the most active and complex fields to achieve this alternative to heart transplantation and requires the integration of medicine, science, and engineering. Mortality in patients with heart failure remains high worldwide. Although heart transplantation is the sole strategy for treating severe heart failure, the number of donors is limited. Therefore, hPSC‐derived CM (hPSC‐CM) transplantation is expected to replace heart transplantation. To achieve this goal, for basic research, various issues should be considered, including how to induce hPSC proliferation efficiently for cardiac differentiation, induce hPSC‐CMs, eliminate residual undifferentiated hPSCs and non‐CMs, and assess for the presence of residual undifferentiated hPSCs in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current stage of resolving these issues and future directions for realizing hPSC‐based cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Inada E, Saitoh I, Kubota N, Iwase Y, Kiyokawa Y, Noguchi H, Yamasaki Y, Sato M. RNA analysis based on a small number of manually isolated fixed cells (RNA-snMIFxC) to profile stem cells from human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 34116635 PMCID: PMC8194139 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of stemness factors, such as octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) can be assessed through fixation and subsequent immuno- or cytochemical staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a powerful system to collect cells of interest, is limited by the instrument cost and difficulty in handling. Magnetic-activated cell sorting is inexpensive compared to FACS, but is confined to cells with surface expression of the target molecule. In this study, a simple and inexpensive method was developed for the molecular analysis of immuno- or cytochemically stained cells with intracellular expression of a target molecule, through isolation of a few cells under a dissecting microscope using a mouthpiece-controlled micropipette. Results Two or more colored cells (~ 10), after staining with a chromogen such a 3,3′-diaminobenzidine, were successfully segregated from unstained cells. Expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a housekeeping gene, was discernible in all samples, while the expression of stemness genes (such as OCT3/4, SOX2, and ALP) was confined to positively stained cells. Conclusion These findings indicate the fidelity of these approaches in profiling cells exhibiting cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of stemness-specific gene products at a small-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Naoko Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwase
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Department of Dentistry for the Disabled, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyokawa
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Youichi Yamasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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Salicylic diamines selectively eliminate residual undifferentiated cells from pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte preparations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2391. [PMID: 33504837 PMCID: PMC7841182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivatives is hindered by the tumorigenic risk from residual undifferentiated cells. Here, we identified salicylic diamines as potent agents exhibiting toxicity to murine and human PSCs but not to cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from them. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of small molecules SM2 and SM6 were, respectively, 9- and 18-fold higher for human than murine PSCs, while the IC50 of SM8 was comparable for both PSC groups. Treatment of murine embryoid bodies in suspension differentiation cultures with the most effective small molecule SM6 significantly reduced PSC and non-PSC contamination and enriched CM populations that would otherwise be eliminated in genetic selection approaches. All tested salicylic diamines exerted their toxicity by inhibiting the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PSCs. No or only minimal and reversible effects on OCR, sarcomeric integrity, DNA stability, apoptosis rate, ROS levels or beating frequency were observed in PSC-CMs, although effects on human PSC-CMs seemed to be more deleterious at higher SM-concentrations. Teratoma formation from SM6-treated murine PSC-CMs was abolished or delayed compared to untreated cells. We conclude that salicylic diamines represent promising compounds for PSC removal and enrichment of CMs without the need for other selection strategies.
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Gene Expression in Pancreatic Cancer-Like Cells and Induced Pancreatic Stem Cells Generated by Transient Overexpression of Reprogramming Factors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030454. [PMID: 33504014 PMCID: PMC7865593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that transient overexpression of reprogramming factors can be used to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, induced tissue-specific stem (iTS) cells, and fibroblast-like (iF) cells from pancreatic tissue. iF cells have tumorigenic ability and behave similarly to pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in iF cells and iTS-P cells (iTS cells from pancreatic tissue) via microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of the Mybl2 and Lyn genes, which are reported to be oncogenes, were significantly higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. The expression level of Nestin, which is expressed in not only pancreatic progenitor cells but also pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, was also higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Itgb6 and Fgf13, which are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, exhibited higher expression levels in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), except Bmp4, were lower in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. These data suggest that the Mybl2, Lyn, Nestin, Itgb6, and Fgf13 genes could be important biomarkers to distinguish iTS-P cells from iF cells.
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Miyagi-Shiohira C, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi H. Kyoto probe-1 reveals phenotypic differences between mouse ES cells and iTS-P cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18084. [PMID: 33093580 PMCID: PMC7582910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kyoto probe 1 (KP-1) rapidly distinguishes between human ES/iPS (hES/iPS) cells and their differentiated cells. Recently, we generated induced tissue-specific stem cells from pancreas (iTS-P cells) using reprogramming factors and tissue-specific selection. The iTS-P cells have self-renewal potential, and subcutaneously transplanting them into immunodeficient mice did not generate teratomas. In this study, we applied KP-1 to analyze mouse ES (mES) cells and mouse iTS-P (miTS-P) cells. KP-1 completely stained mES cells in colonies, but only miTS-P cells at the edge of a colony. This difference was caused by cell type-specific expression of different ABC transporters. These finding suggest that KP-1 will be useful for distinguishing between iPS and iTS-P cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Ahadian S, Amirifar L, Akbari J, Goudie MJ, Lee K, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Di Carlo D, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic-Based Approaches in Targeted Cell/Particle Separation Based on Physical Properties: Fundamentals and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000171. [PMID: 32529791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is a key step in many biomedical research areas including biotechnology, cancer research, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While conventional cell sorting approaches have led to high-efficiency sorting by exploiting the cell's specific properties, microfluidics has shown great promise in cell separation by exploiting different physical principles and using different properties of the cells. In particular, label-free cell separation techniques are highly recommended to minimize cell damage and avoid costly and labor-intensive steps of labeling molecular signatures of cells. In general, microfluidic-based cell sorting approaches can separate cells using "intrinsic" (e.g., fluid dynamic forces) versus "extrinsic" external forces (e.g., magnetic, electric field, etc.) and by using different properties of cells including size, density, deformability, shape, as well as electrical, magnetic, and compressibility/acoustic properties to select target cells from a heterogeneous cell population. In this work, principles and applications of the most commonly used label-free microfluidic-based cell separation methods are described. In particular, applications of microfluidic methods for the separation of circulating tumor cells, blood cells, immune cells, stem cells, and other biological cells are summarized. Computational approaches complementing such microfluidic methods are also explained. Finally, challenges and perspectives to further develop microfluidic-based cell separation methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Leyla Amirifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - KangJu Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Tan HL, Choo A. Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5752. [PMID: 31731794 PMCID: PMC6888136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Tan HL, Tan BZ, Goh WXT, Cua S, Choo A. In vivo surveillance and elimination of teratoma-forming human embryonic stem cells with monoclonal antibody 2448 targeting annexin A2. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2996-3005. [PMID: 31388993 PMCID: PMC6790577 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the use of a previously reported chimerised monoclonal antibody (mAb), ch2448, to kill human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vivo and prevent or delay the formation of teratomas. ch2448 was raised against hESCs and was previously shown to effectively kill ovarian and breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The antigen target was subsequently found to be Annexin A2, an oncofetal antigen expressed on both embryonic cells and cancer cells. Against cancer cells, ch2448 binds and kills via antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) routes. Here, we investigate if the use of ch2448 can be extended to hESC. ch2448 was found to bind specifically to undifferentiated hESC but not differentiated progenitors. Similar to previous study using cancer cells, ch2448 kills hESC in vivo either indirectly by eliciting ADCC or directly as an ADC. The treatment with ch2448 post‐transplantation eliminated the in vivo circulating undifferentiated cells and prevented or delayed the formation of teratomas. This surveillance role of ch2448 adds an additional layer of safeguard to enhance the safety and efficacious use of pluripotent stem cell‐derived products in regenerative medicine. Thereby, translating the use of ch2448 in the treatment of cancers to a proof of concept study in hESC (or pluripotent stem cell [PSC]), we show that mAbs can also be used to eliminate teratoma forming cells in vivo during PSC‐derived cell therapies. We propose to use this strategy to complement existing methods to eliminate teratoma‐forming cells in vitro. Residual undifferentiated cells may escape in vitro removal methods and be introduced into patients together with the differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Bao Zhu Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Winfred Xi Tai Goh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Simeon Cua
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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Tang W, Jiang D, Li Z, Zhu L, Shi J, Yang J, Xiang N. Recent advances in microfluidic cell sorting techniques based on both physical and biochemical principles. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:930-954. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; P. R. China
| | - Zongan Li
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Yang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; P. R. China
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Mao D, Chung XKW, Andoh-Noda T, Qin Y, Sato SI, Takemoto Y, Akamatsu W, Okano H, Uesugi M. Chemical decontamination of iPS cell-derived neural cell mixtures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1355-1358. [PMID: 29350722 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the design and evaluation of phosphorylated 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38-P), which selectively eliminates tumor-forming proliferative stem cells, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and neural stem cells, from iPSC-derived neural cell mixtures. Results of the present study demonstrate that simple phosphorylation of an anticancer drug can provide a safe, cost-effective, and chemically-defined tool for decontaminating hiPSC-derived neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Nagashima T, Shimizu K, Matsumoto R, Honda H. Selective Elimination of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Medium with High Concentration of L-Alanine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12427. [PMID: 30127448 PMCID: PMC6102287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), serve as highly valuable sources for both cell-based therapies and basic research, owing to their abilities to self-renew and differentiate into any cell type of the human body. However, tumorigenic risks of residual undifferentiated stem cells limit the clinical application of hiPSCs, necessitating methods to eliminate undifferentiated hiPSCs from differentiated cells. Here, we found that undifferentiated hiPSCs were more sensitive to the treatment with a medium supplemented with high concentration of L-alanine than human fibroblasts (hFBs), human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs), hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) or hiPSC-derived fibroblast-like cells (iFLCs), which were used as differentiated cells. Undifferentiated hiPSCs co-cultured with differentiated cells were selectively eliminated following treatment. In addition, we found that the medium supplemented with high concentration of D-alanine or β-alanine also induced cell death of hiPSCs and the treatment at 4 °C didn't induce cell death of hiPSCs. The cell death induced would be associated partly with high osmotic pressure of the medium supplemented with L-alanine. As L-alanine is a component of proteins in human body and popular ingredient of cell culture media, treatment with high concentration of L-alanine may be useful for eliminating tumorigenic residual hiPSCs for stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Ryo Matsumoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Large-scale production of megakaryocytes in microcarrier-supported stirred suspension bioreactors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10146. [PMID: 29977045 PMCID: PMC6033877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are the precursors of platelets (PLTs) and may be used for PLT production in vivo or in vitro, as well as a source for PLT-derived growth factors. Induced pluripotent stem cells represent an unlimited cell source for the in vitro production of MKs. This study aimed at developing an effective, xeno-free and scalable system to produce high numbers of MKs. In particular, microcarrier beads-assisted stirred bioreactors were evaluated as a means of improving MK yields. This method resulted in the production of 18.7 × 107 MKs per 50 ml medium. Laminin-coated microcarriers increased MK production per iPSC by up to 10-fold. MKs obtained in this system showed typical features of mature MKs and were able to produce PLTs in vitro and in vivo. To increase safety, MKs produced in the bioreactors were irradiated; a procedure that did not affect their capability to form proPLTs and PTLs after transfusion. In vitro generated MKs represent a promising alternative to donor PLTs and open the possibility for the development of innovative MK-based cell therapies.
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15
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Cua S, Tan HL, Fong WJ, Chin A, Lau A, Ding V, Song Z, Yang Y, Choo A. Targeting of embryonic annexin A2 expressed on ovarian and breast cancer by the novel monoclonal antibody 2448. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13206-13221. [PMID: 29568351 PMCID: PMC5862572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play an increasingly important role in cancer therapy. To address the wide heterogeneity of the disease, the identification of novel antigen targets and the development of mAbs against them are needed. Our lab previously generated a panel of mAbs against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) using a whole cell immunization approach in mice. These mAbs can potentially target oncofetal antigens and be repurposed for antibody or antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. From this panel, the novel IgG1 2448 was found to bind surface antigens on hESC and multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we show 2448 targets a unique glycan epitope on annexin A2 (ANXA2) and can potentially monitor the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in ovarian and breast cancer. To evaluate 2448 as a potential drug, 2448 was engineered and expressed as a chimeric IgG1. Chimeric 2448 (ch2448) demonstrated efficient and specific killing when conjugated to cytotoxic payloads as an ADC. In addition, ch2448 elicited potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro and in vivo. Further engineering of ch2448 to remove fucose in the Fc domain enhanced ADCC. Overall, these findings indicate that embryonic ANXA2 is an attractive target and suggest that ch2448 is a promising candidate for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Cua
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Heng Liang Tan
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Wey Jia Fong
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Angela Chin
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Ally Lau
- Proteomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Expression Engineering 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Animal Cell Technology 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575, Singapore
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16
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Elimination of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells by cardiac glycosides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5289. [PMID: 28706279 PMCID: PMC5509667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An important safety concern in the use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is tumorigenic risk, because these cells can form teratomas after an in vivo injection at ectopic sites. Several thousands of undifferentiated hPSCs are sufficient to induce teratomas in a mouse model. Thus, it is critical to remove all residue-undifferentiated hPSCs that have teratoma potential before the clinical application of hPSC-derived cells. In this study, our data demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, lanatoside C, bufalin, and proscillaridin A, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This phenomenon was not observed in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). Most importantly, digoxin and lanatoside C did not affect the stem cells’ differentiation ability. Consistently, the viability of the hESC-derived MSCs, neurons, and endothelium cells was not affected by the digoxin and lanatoside C treatment. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that digoxin and lanatoside C prevented teratoma formation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the cytotoxicity and tumor prevention effects of cardiac glycosides in hESCs. Digoxin and lanatoside C are also the first FDA-approved drugs that demonstrated cytotoxicity in undifferentiated hESCs.
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Kang SJ, Park YI, Hwang SR, Yi H, Tham N, Ku HO, Song JY, Kang HG. Hepatic population derived from human pluripotent stem cells is effectively increased by selective removal of undifferentiated stem cells using YM155. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 28412976 PMCID: PMC5392904 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are promising target cells for cell regenerative medicine together with recently advanced technology of in-vitro differentiation. However, residual undifferentiated stem cells (USCs) during in-vitro differentiation are considered a potential risk for development of cancer cells and nonspecific lineage cell types. In this study we observed that USCs still exist during hepatic differentiation, consequently resulting in poor quality of the hepatic population and forming teratoma in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that effectively removing USCs from in-vitro differentiation could improve the quality of the hepatic population and guarantee safety from risk of teratoma formation. Methods Human PSCs were differentiated to hepatocytes via four steps. YM155, a known BIRC5 inhibitor, was applied for removing the residual USCs on the hepatic differentiation. After YM155 treatment, hepatocyte development was evaluated by measuring gene expression, immunostaining and hepatic functions at each stage of differentiation, and forming teratomas were confirmed by cell transplantation with or without YM155. Results The selected concentrations of YM155 removed USCs (NANOG+ and OCT4+) in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, expression of endodermal markers (SOX17, FOXA2 and CXCR4) at stage II of differentiation and hepatic markers (ALB, AFP and HNF4A) at stage III was up-regulated by YM155 treatment as well as the hepatic population (ALB+), and functions (ALB/urea secretion and CYP450 enzyme activity) were enhanced at the final stage of differentiation (stage IV). Furthermore, we demonstrated that NANOG and OCT4 expression remaining until stage III (day 15 of differentiation) completely disappeared when treated with YM155 and teratoma formation was effectively prevented by YM155 pretreatment in the in-vitro study. Conclusions We suggest that the removal of USCs using YM155 could improve the quantity and quality of induced hepatocytes and eliminate the potential risk of teratoma formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0517-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jin Kang
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Park
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryeon Hwang
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Nga Tham
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Vet Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Li Y, Green M, Wen Y, Wei Y, Wani P, Wang Z, Reijo Pera R, Chen B. Efficacy and Safety of Immuno-Magnetically Sorted Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Restoring Urethral Sphincter Function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1158-1167. [PMID: 28213970 PMCID: PMC5442833 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based cell therapy holds promise for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, safety concerns, especially tumorgenic potential of residual undifferentiated cells in hiPSC derivatives, are major barriers for its clinical translation. An efficient, fast and clinical-scale strategy for purifying committed cells is also required. Our previous studies demonstrated the regenerative effects of hiPSC-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells (pSMCs) on the injured urethral sphincter in SUI, but the differentiation protocol required fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) which is not practical for autologous clinical applications. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of hiPSC-derived pSMC populations sorted by FDA-approved magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using cell-surface marker CD34 for restoring urethral sphincter function. Although the heterogeneity of MACS-sorted pSMCs was higher than that of FACS-sorted pSMCs, the percentage of undifferentiated cells dramatically decreased after directed differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated long-term cell integration and no tumor formation of MACS-sorted pSMCs after transplantation. Furthermore, transplantation of MACS-sorted pSMCs into immunodeficient SUI rats was comparable to transplantation with FACS-sorted pSMCs for restoration of the extracellular matrix metabolism and function of the urethral sphincter. In summary, purification of hiPSC derivatives using MACS sorting for CD34 expression represent an efficient approach for production of clinical-scale pSMCs for autologous stem cell therapy for regeneration of smooth muscle tissues. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1158-1167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyThe People's Republic of China
| | - Morgaine Green
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Prachi Wani
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyNanFang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongThe People's Republic of China
| | - Renee Reijo Pera
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Bertha Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Klement M, Zheng J, Liu C, Tan HL, Wong VVT, Choo ABH, Lee DY, Ow DSW. Antibody engineering of a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody 84 against human embryonic stem cells: Investigating the effects of multivalency on cytotoxicity. J Biotechnol 2017; 243:29-37. [PMID: 28042013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody fragments have shown targeted specificity to their antigens, but only modest tissue retention times in vivo and in vitro. Multimerization has been used as a protein engineering tool to increase the number of binding units and thereby enhance the efficacy and retention time of antibody fragments. In this work, we explored the effects of valency using a series of self-assembling polypeptides based on the GCN4 leucine zipper multimerization domain fused to a single-chain variable fragment via an antibody upper hinge sequence. Four engineered antibody fragments with a valency from one to four antigen-binding units of a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody 84 against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were constructed. We hypothesized that higher cytotoxicity would be observed for fragments with increased valency. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the trimeric and tetrameric engineered antibody fragments resulted in the highest degree of cytotoxicity to the undifferentiated hESC, while the engineered antibody fragments were observed to have improved tissue penetration into cell clusters. Thus, a trade off was made for the trimeric versus tetrameric fragment due to improved tissue penetration. These results have direct implications for antibody-mediated removal of undifferentiated hESC during regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Klement
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiyun Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-01, 117456, Singapore
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore
| | - Heng-Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore
| | - Victor Vai Tak Wong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre Boon-Hwa Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, 138668, Singapore.
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20
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Mao D, Ando S, Sato SI, Qin Y, Hirata N, Katsuda Y, Kawase E, Kuo TF, Minami I, Shiba Y, Ueda K, Nakatsuji N, Uesugi M. A Synthetic Hybrid Molecule for the Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cell Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yousuke Katsuda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; School of Medicine; Shinshu University; Matsumoto 390-8621 Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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21
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Mao D, Ando S, Sato SI, Qin Y, Hirata N, Katsuda Y, Kawase E, Kuo TF, Minami I, Shiba Y, Ueda K, Nakatsuji N, Uesugi M. A Synthetic Hybrid Molecule for the Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cell Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1765-1770. [PMID: 28067441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A major hurdle in stem cell therapy is the tumorigenic risk of residual undifferentiated stem cells. This report describes the design and evaluation of synthetic hybrid molecules that efficiently reduce the number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in cell mixtures. The design takes advantage of Kyoto probe 1 (KP-1), a fluorescent chemical probe for hiPSCs, and clinically used anticancer drugs. Among the KP-1-drug conjugates we synthesized, we found an exceptionally selective, chemically tractable molecule that induced the death of hiPSCs. Mechanistic analysis suggested that the high selectivity originates from the synergistic combination of transporter-mediated efflux and the cytotoxicity mode of action. The present study offers a chemical and mechanistic rationale for designing selective, safe, and simple reagents for the preparation of non-tumorigenic clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yousuke Katsuda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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A Numerical Simulation of Cell Separation by Simplified Asymmetric Pinched Flow Fractionation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2564584. [PMID: 27597877 PMCID: PMC5002493 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2564584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a typical microfluidic cell sorting technique, the size-dependent cell sorting has attracted much interest in recent years. In this paper, a size-dependent cell sorting scheme is presented based on a controllable asymmetric pinched flow by employing an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). The geometry of channels consists of 2 upstream branches, 1 transitional channel, and 4 downstream branches (D-branches). Simulations are conducted by varying inlet flow ratio, the cell size, and the ratio of flux of outlet 4 to the total flux. It is found that, after being randomly released in one upstream branch, the cells are aligned in a line close to one sidewall of the transitional channel due to the hydrodynamic forces of the asymmetric pinched flow. Cells with different sizes can be fed into different downstream D-branches just by regulating the flux of one D-branch. A principle governing D-branch choice of a cell is obtained, with which a series of numerical cases are performed to sort the cell mixture involving two, three, or four classes of diameters. Results show that, for each case, an adaptive regulating flux can be determined to sort the cell mixture effectively.
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23
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Zhang H, Cai K, Wang J, Wang X, Cheng K, Shi F, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Dou J. MiR-7, inhibited indirectly by lincRNA HOTAIR, directly inhibits SETDB1 and reverses the EMT of breast cancer stem cells by downregulating the STAT3 pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2858-68. [PMID: 25070049 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in many cancers and correlates highly with the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. EMT also correlates with changes in specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that have already been integrated into tumorigenic programs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we show that miR-7, which was downregulated in breast CSCs (BCSCs) isolated from the human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, inhibited cell invasion and metastasis, decreased the BCSC population and partially reversed EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells by directly targeting the oncogene, SETDB1. The conspicuous epigenetic transition induced by miR-7 overexpression was found not only in MDA-MB-231 cells but also in BCSC xenograft tumors. MiR-7 inhibited the metastasis of BCSCs in lungs, kidneys, and adrenal glands of NOD/SCID mice. ChIP-polymerase chain reaction result suggested that the SETDB1 induced STAT3 expression by binding to the promoter of STAT3. MiR-7-mediated downregulation of SETDB1 resulted in the suppression of STAT3, which led to the downregulation of c-myc, twist, and mir-9. In addition, the downregulation of miR-7 in BCSCs may be indirectly attributed to lincRNA HOTAIR by modulating the expression of HoxD10 that promotes the expression of miR-7. These findings demonstrate that miR-7 was a tumor suppressor and that the overexpression of miR-7 might serve as a good strategy for treating highly invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Jabart E, Rangarajan S, Lieu C, Hack J, Conboy I, Sohn LL. A Microfluidic Method for the Selection of Undifferentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells and in Situ Analysis. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2015; 18:955-966. [PMID: 33688311 PMCID: PMC7939131 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-014-1485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cell-sorting methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) can suffer from certain shortcomings such as lengthy sample preparation time, cell modification through antibody labeling, and cell damage due to exposure to high shear forces or to attachment of superparamagnetic Microbeads. In light of these drawbacks, we have recently developed a label-free, microfluidic platform that can not only select cells with minimal sample preparation but also enable analysis of cells in situ. We demonstrate the utility of our platform by successfully isolating undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from a heterogeneous population based on the undifferentiated stem-cell marker SSEA-4. Importantly, we show that, in contrast to MACS or FACS, cells isolated by our method have very high viability (~90%). Overall, our platform technology could likely be applied to other cell types beyond hESCs and to a variety of heterogeneous cell populations in order to select and analyze cells of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jabart
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - S. Rangarajan
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - C. Lieu
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - J. Hack
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - I. Conboy
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | - L. L. Sohn
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: , 510-642-5434
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Rodrigues GMC, Rodrigues CAV, Fernandes TG, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Clinical-scale purification of pluripotent stem cell derivatives for cell-based therapies. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1103-14. [PMID: 25851544 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to revolutionize cell-replacement therapies because of their ability to self renew and differentiate into nearly every cell type in the body. However, safety concerns have delayed the clinical translation of this technology. One cause for this is the capacity that hPSCs have to generate tumors after transplantation. Because of the challenges associated with achieving complete differentiation into clinically relevant cell types, the development of safe and efficient strategies for purifying committed cells is essential for advancing hPSC-based therapies. Several purification strategies have now succeeded in generating non-tumorigenic and homogeneous cell-populations. These techniques typically enrich for cells by either depleting early committed populations from teratoma-initiating hPSCs or by positively selecting cells after differentiation. Here we review the working principles behind separation methods that have facilitated the safe and controlled application of hPSC-derived cells in laboratory settings and pre-clinical research. We underscore the need for improving and integrating purification strategies within differentiation protocols in order to unlock the therapeutic potential of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
Anchorage-dependent cells are of great interest for various biotechnological applications. (i) They represent a formidable production means of viruses for vaccination purposes at very large scales (in 1000-6000 l reactors) using microcarriers, and in the last decade many more novel viral vaccines have been developed using this production technology. (ii) With the advent of stem cells and their use/potential use in clinics for cell therapy and regenerative medicine purposes, the development of novel culture devices and technologies for adherent cells has accelerated greatly with a view to the large-scale expansion of these cells. Presently, the really scalable systems--microcarrier/microcarrier-clump cultures using stirred-tank reactors--for the expansion of stem cells are still in their infancy. Only laboratory scale reactors of maximally 2.5 l working volume have been evaluated because thorough knowledge and basic understanding of critical issues with respect to cell expansion while retaining pluripotency and differentiation potential, and the impact of the culture environment on stem cell fate, etc., are still lacking and require further studies. This article gives an overview on critical issues common to all cell culture systems for adherent cells as well as specifics for different types of stem cells in view of small- and large-scale cell expansion and production processes.
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Integrated platform for production and purification of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:151-61. [PMID: 24221956 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of cells for clinical applications, such as transplantation of clinically engineered tissues and organs, and drug discovery programs due to their ability to self-renew and to be differentiated into cells from the three embryonic germ layers. In this study, the differentiation of two hPSC-lines into neural precursors (NPs) was accomplished with more than 80% efficiency, by means of the dual-SMAD inhibition protocol, based on the use of two small molecules (SB431542 and LDN193189) to generate Pax6 and Nestin-positive neural entities. One of the major hurdles related to the in vitro generation of PSC-derived populations is the tumorigenic potential of cells that remain undifferentiated. These remaining hPSCs have the potential to generate teratomas after being transplanted, and may interfere with the outcome of in vitro differentiation protocols. One strategy to tackle this problem is to deplete these "contaminating" cells during the differentiation process. Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was used for the first time for purification of hPSC-derived NPs after the neural commitment stage using anti-Tra-1-60 micro beads for negative selection of the unwanted hPSCs. The depletion had an average efficiency of 80.4 ± 5% and less than 1.5% of Tra-1-60 positive cells were present in the purified populations. After re-plating, the purified neural precursors maintained their phenotype, and the success of the preparative purification with MACS was further confirmed with a decrease of 94.3% in the number of Oct4-positive proliferating hPSC colonies. Thus, the integration of the MACS depletion step with the neural commitment protocol paves the way towards the establishment of a novel bioprocess for production of purified populations of hPSC-derived neural cells for different applications.
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Song J, Song M, Kang T, Kim D, Lee LP. Label-free density difference amplification-based cell sorting. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064108. [PMID: 25553185 PMCID: PMC4247365 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The selective cell separation is a critical step in fundamental life sciences, translational medicine, biotechnology, and energy harvesting. Conventional cell separation methods are fluorescent activated cell sorting and magnetic-activated cell sorting based on fluorescent probes and magnetic particles on cell surfaces. Label-free cell separation methods such as Raman-activated cell sorting, electro-physiologically activated cell sorting, dielectric-activated cell sorting, or inertial microfluidic cell sorting are, however, limited when separating cells of the same kind or cells with similar sizes and dielectric properties, as well as similar electrophysiological phenotypes. Here we report a label-free density difference amplification-based cell sorting (dDACS) without using any external optical, magnetic, electrical forces, or fluidic activations. The conceptual microfluidic design consists of an inlet, hydraulic jump cavity, and multiple outlets. Incoming particles experience gravity, buoyancy, and drag forces in the separation chamber. The height and distance that each particle can reach in the chamber are different and depend on its density, thus allowing for the separation of particles into multiple outlets. The separation behavior of the particles, based on the ratio of the channel heights of the inlet and chamber and Reynolds number has been systematically studied. Numerical simulation reveals that the difference between the heights of only lighter particles with densities close to that of water increases with increasing the ratio of the channel heights, while decreasing Reynolds number can amplify the difference in the heights between the particles considered irrespective of their densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University , Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Minsun Song
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Dongchoul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University , Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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29
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Kuo TF, Mao D, Hirata N, Khambu B, Kimura Y, Kawase E, Shimogawa H, Ojika M, Nakatsuji N, Ueda K, Uesugi M. Selective elimination of human pluripotent stem cells by a marine natural product derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9798-801. [PMID: 24992689 DOI: 10.1021/ja501795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the current obstacles to stem cell therapy is the tumorigenic potential of residual undifferentiated stem cells. The present study reports rediscovery of a synthetic derivative of okadaic acid, a marine polyether toxin, as a reagent that selectively induces the death of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based screening of 333 cytotoxic compounds identified methyl 27-deoxy-27-oxookadaate (molecule 1) as a substrate of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP), whose expression is repressed in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The results demonstrate that selective elimination of human pluripotent stem cells can be achieved by designing cytotoxic small molecules with appropriate ABC-transporter selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Malecki M. 'Above all, do no harm': safeguarding pluripotent stem cell therapy against iatrogenic tumorigenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:73. [PMID: 25158017 PMCID: PMC4076624 DOI: 10.1186/scrt462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are the foundations of regenerative medicine. However, the worst possible complication of using pluripotent stem cells in therapy could be iatrogenic cancerogenesis. Nevertheless, despite the rapid progress in the development of new techniques for induction of pluripotency and for directed differentiation, risks of cancerogenic transformation of therapeutically implanted pluripotent stem cells still persist. 'Above all, do no harm', as quoted from the Hippocratic Oath, is our ultimate creed. Therefore, the primary goal in designing any therapeutic regimes involving stem cells should be the elimination of any possibilities of their neoplasmic transformation. I review here the basic strategies that have been designed to attain this goal: sorting out undifferentiated, pluripotent stem cells with antibodies targeting surface-displayed biomarkers; sorting in differentiating cells, which express recombinant proteins as reporters; killing undifferentiated stem cells with toxic antibodies or antibody-guided toxins; eliminating undifferentiated stem cells with cytotoxic drugs; making potentially tumorigenic stem cells sensitive to pro-drugs by transformation with suicide-inducing genes; eradication of differentiation-refractive stem cells by self-triggered transgenic expression of human recombinant DNases. Every pluripotent undifferentiated stem cell poses a risk of neoplasmic transformation. Therefore, the aforementioned or other novel strategies that would safeguard against iatrogenic transformation of these stem cells should be considered for incorporation into every stem cell therapy trial.
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31
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Thakur A, Chowdhury S, Švec P, Wang C, Losert W, Gupta SK. Indirect pushing based automated micromanipulation of biological cells using optical tweezers. Int J Rob Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0278364914523690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an indirect pushing based technique for automated micromanipulation of biological cells. In indirect pushing, an optically trapped glass bead pushes a freely diffusing intermediate bead that in turn pushes a freely diffusing target cell towards a desired goal. Some cells can undergo significant changes in their behaviors as a result of direct exposure to a laser beam. Indirect pushing eliminates this problem by minimizing the exposure of the cell to the laser beam. We report an automated feedback planning algorithm that combines three motion maneuvers, namely, push, align, and backup for micromanipulation of cells. We have developed a dynamics based simulation model of indirect pushing dynamics and also identified parameters of measurement noise using physical experiments. We present an optimization-based approach for automated tuning of planner parameters to enhance its robustness. Finally, we have tested the developed planner using our optical tweezers physical setup and carried out a detailed analysis of the experimental results. The developed approach can be utilized in biological experiments for studying collective cell migration by accurately arranging the cells in arrays without exposing them to a laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patliputra, Bihar, India
| | - Sagar Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Petr Švec
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyandra K. Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
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32
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Chen DC, Chen LY, Ling QD, Wu MH, Wang CT, Suresh Kumar S, Chang Y, Munusamy MA, Alarfajj AA, Wang HC, Hsu ST, Higuchi A. Purification of human adipose-derived stem cells from fat tissues using PLGA/silk screen hybrid membranes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zaher W, Harkness L, Jafari A, Kassem M. An update of human mesenchymal stem cell biology and their clinical uses. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1069-82. [PMID: 24691703 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, an increasing urge to develop new and novel methods for the treatment of degenerative diseases where there is currently no effective therapy has lead to the emerging of the cell therapy or cellular therapeutics approach for the management of those conditions where organ functions are restored through transplantation of healthy and functional cells. Stem cells, because of their nature, are currently considered among the most suitable cell types for cell therapy. There are an increasing number of studies that have tested the stromal stem cell functionality both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells (MSCs) are being introduced into many clinical trials due to their ease of isolation and efficacy in treating a number of disease conditions in animal preclinical disease models. The aim of this review is to revise MSC biology, their potential translation in therapy, and the challenges facing their adaptation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Zaher
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Didar TF, Bowey K, Almazan G, Tabrizian M. A miniaturized multipurpose platform for rapid, label-free, and simultaneous separation, patterning, and in vitro culture of primary and rare cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:253-60. [PMID: 23949952 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Given that current cell isolation techniques are expensive, time consuming, yield low isolation purities, and/or alter target cell properties, a versatile, cost effective, and easy-to-operate microchip with the capability to simultaneously separate, capture, pattern, and culture rare and primary cells in vitro is developed. The platform is based on target cell adhesion onto the micro-fabricated interfaces produced by microcontact printing of cell-specific antibodies. Results show over 95% separation efficiency in less than 10 min for the separation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and cardiomyocytes from rat brain and heart mixtures, respectively. Target cell attachment and single cell spreading can be precisely controlled on the basis of the designed patterns. Both cell types can maintain their biofunctionality. Indeed, isolated OPCs can proliferate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, while isolated cardiomyocytes retain their contractile properties on the separation platform. Successful separation of two dissimilar cell types present in varying concentrations in their respective cell mixtures and the demonstration of their integrity after separation open new avenues for time and cost-effective sorting of various cell types using the developed miniaturized platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Fatanat Didar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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36
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Chen A, Ting S, Seow J, Reuveny S, Oh S. Considerations in designing systems for large scale production of human cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:12. [PMID: 24444355 PMCID: PMC4055057 DOI: 10.1186/scrt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have attracted attention as an unlimited source of cells for cardiac therapies. One of the factors to surmount to achieve this is the production of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at a commercial or clinical scale with economically and technically feasible platforms. Given the limited proliferation capacity of differentiated cardiomyocytes and the difficulties in isolating and culturing committed cardiac progenitors, the strategy for cardiomyocyte production would be biphasic, involving hPSC expansion to generate adequate cell numbers followed by differentiation to cardiomyocytes for specific applications. This review summarizes and discusses up-to-date two-dimensional cell culture, cell-aggregate and microcarrier-based platforms for hPSC expansion. Microcarrier-based platforms are shown to be the most suitable for up-scaled production of hPSCs. Subsequently, different platforms for directing hPSC differentiation to cardiomyocytes are discussed. Monolayer differentiation can be straightforward and highly efficient and embryoid body-based approaches are also yielding reasonable cardiomyocyte efficiencies, whereas microcarrier-based approaches are in their infancy but can also generate high cardiomyocyte yields. The optimal target is to establish an integrated scalable process that combines hPSC expansion and cardiomyocyte differentiation into a one unit operation. This review discuss key issues such as platform selection, bioprocess parameters, medium development, downstream processing and parameters that meet current good manufacturing practice standards.
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Mavroudi M, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, Kioumis I, Lampaki S, Yarmus L, Malecki R, Zarogoulidis K, Malecki M. Stem cells' guided gene therapy of cancer: New frontier in personalized and targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 2:22-33. [PMID: 24860662 PMCID: PMC4031908 DOI: 10.14312/2052-4994.2014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis and therapy of cancer remain to be the greatest challenges for all physicians working in clinical oncology and molecular medicine. The statistics speak for themselves with the grim reports of 1,638,910 men and women diagnosed with cancer and nearly 577,190 patients passed away due to cancer in the USA in 2012. For practicing clinicians, who treat patients suffering from advanced cancers with contemporary systemic therapies, the main challenge is to attain therapeutic efficacy, while minimizing side effects. Unfortunately, all contemporary systemic therapies cause side effects. In treated patients, these side effects may range from nausea to damaged tissues. In cancer survivors, the iatrogenic outcomes of systemic therapies may include genomic mutations and their consequences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for personalized and targeted therapies. Recently, we reviewed the current status of suicide gene therapy for cancer. Herein, we discuss the novel strategy: genetically engineered stem cells' guided gene therapy. REVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIALS Stem cells have the unique potential for self renewal and differentiation. This potential is the primary reason for introducing them into medicine to regenerate injured or degenerated organs, as well as to rejuvenate aging tissues. Recent advances in genetic engineering and stem cell research have created the foundations for genetic engineering of stem cells as the vectors for delivery of therapeutic transgenes. Specifically in oncology, the stem cells are genetically engineered to deliver the cell suicide inducing genes selectively to the cancer cells only. Expression of the transgenes kills the cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Herein, we present various strategies to bioengineer suicide inducing genes and stem cell vectors. Moreover, we review results of the main preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, the main risk for therapeutic use of stem cells is their cancerous transformation. Therefore, we discuss various strategies to safeguard stem cell guided gene therapy against iatrogenic cancerogenesis. PERSPECTIVES Defining cancer biomarkers to facilitate early diagnosis, elucidating cancer genomics and proteomics with modern tools of next generation sequencing, and analyzing patients' gene expression profiles provide essential data to elucidate molecular dynamics of cancer and to consider them for crafting pharmacogenomics-based personalized therapies. Streamlining of these data into genetic engineering of stem cells facilitates their use as the vectors delivering therapeutic genes into specific cancer cells. In this realm, stem cells guided gene therapy becomes a promising new frontier in personalized and targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavroudi
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | | | - Raf Malecki
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marek Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Diogo MM, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Separation Technologies for Stem Cell Bioprocessing. CELL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7196-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Polanco JC, Wang B, Zhou Q, Chy H, O'Brien C, Laslett AL. Enrichment and purging of human embryonic stem cells by detection of cell surface antigens using the monoclonal antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2. J Vis Exp 2013:50856. [PMID: 24335647 PMCID: PMC4044978 DOI: 10.3791/50856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can self-renew indefinitely in vitro, and with the appropriate cues can be induced to differentiate into potentially all somatic cell lineages. Differentiated hESC derivatives can potentially be used in transplantation therapies to treat a variety of cell-degenerative diseases. However, hESC differentiation protocols usually yield a mixture of differentiated target and off-target cell types as well as residual undifferentiated cells. For the translation of differentiated hESC-derivatives from the laboratory to the clinic, it is important to be able to discriminate between undifferentiated (pluripotent) and differentiated cells, and generate methods to separate these populations. Safe application of hESC-derived somatic cell types can only be accomplished with pluripotent stem cell-free populations, as residual hESCs could induce tumors known as teratomas following transplantation. Towards this end, here we describe a methodology to detect pluripotency associated cell surface antigens with the monoclonal antibodies TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2 via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for the identification of pluripotent TG30(Hi)-GCTM-2(Hi) hESCs using positive selection. Using negative selection with our TG30/GCTM-2 FACS methodology, we were able to detect and purge undifferentiated hESCs in populations undergoing very early-stage differentiation (TG30(Neg)-GCTM-2(Neg)). In a further study, pluripotent stem cell-free samples of differentiated TG30(Neg)-GCTM-2(Neg) cells selected using our TG30/GCTM-2 FACS protocol did not form teratomas once transplanted into immune-compromised mice, supporting the robustness of our protocol. On the other hand, TG30/GCTM-2 FACS-mediated consecutive passaging of enriched pluripotent TG30(Hi)-GCTM-2(Hi) hESCs did not affect their ability to self-renew in vitro or their intrinsic pluripotency. Therefore, the characteristics of our TG30/GCTM-2 FACS methodology provide a sensitive assay to obtain highly enriched populations of hPSC as inputs for differentiation assays and to rid potentially tumorigenic (or residual) hESC from derivative cell populations.
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40
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Application of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell microcarrier cultures in cellular therapy: Achievements and future direction. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1032-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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de Peppo GM, Marolt D. Make no bones about it: cells could soon be reprogrammed to grow replacement bones? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 14:1-5. [PMID: 24053578 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.840581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in nuclear reprogramming allow the generation of patient-matched stem cells with broad potential for applications in cell therapies, disease modeling and drug discovery. An increasing body of work is reporting the derivation of lineage-specific progenitors from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which could in the near future be used to engineer personalized tissue substitutes, including those for reconstructive therapies of bone. Although the potential clinical impact of such technology is not arguable, significant challenges remain to be addressed before hiPSC-derived progenitors can be employed to engineer bone substitutes of clinical relevance. The most important challenge is indeed the construction of personalized multicellular bone substitutes for the treatment of complex skeletal defects that integrate fast, are immune tolerated and display biofunctionality and long-term safety. As recent studies suggest, the merging of iPSC technology with advanced biomaterials and bioreactor technologies offers a way to generate bone substitutes in a controllable, automated manner with potential to meet the needs for scale-up and requirements for translation into clinical practice. It is only via the use of state-of-the-art cell culture technologies, process automation under GMP-compliant conditions, application of appropriate engineering strategies and compliance with regulatory policies that personalized lab-made bone grafts can start being used to treat human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maria de Peppo
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute , 1995 Broadway, NY 10032 , USA +1 212 851 5422 ; +1 212 851 5423 ;
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Fisher MB, Mauck RL. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: recent innovations and the transition to translation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:1-13. [PMID: 23253031 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has exploded in the last decade. In this Year (or so) in Review, we highlight some of the high impact advances within the field over the past several years. Using the past as our guide and starting with an objective premise, we attempt so to identify recent "hot topics" and transformative publications within the field. Through this process, several key themes emerged: (1) tissue engineering: grafts and materials, (2) regenerative medicine: scaffolds and factors that control endogenous tissue formation, (3) clinical trials, and (4) novel cell sources: induced pluripotent stem cells. Within these focus areas, we summarize the highly impactful articles that emerged from our objective analysis and review additional recent publications to augment and expand upon these key themes. Finally, we discuss where the TERM field may be headed and how to monitor such a broad-based and ever-expanding community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Fisher
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Turaç G, Hindley CJ, Thomas R, Davis JA, Deleidi M, Gasser T, Karaöz E, Pruszak J. Combined flow cytometric analysis of surface and intracellular antigens reveals surface molecule markers of human neuropoiesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68519. [PMID: 23826393 PMCID: PMC3691147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface molecule profiles undergo dynamic changes in physiology and pathology, serve as markers of cellular state and phenotype and can be exploited for cell selection strategies and diagnostics. The isolation of well-defined cell subsets is needed for in vivo and in vitro applications in stem cell biology. In this technical report, we present an approach for defining a subset of interest in a mixed cell population by flow cytometric detection of intracellular antigens. We have developed a fully validated protocol that enables the co-detection of cluster of differentiation (CD) surface antigens on fixed, permeabilized neural cell populations defined by intracellular staining. Determining the degree of co-expression of surface marker candidates with intracellular target population markers (nestin, MAP2, doublecortin, TUJ1) on neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y, BE(2)-M17) yielded a combinatorial CD49f-/CD200high surface marker panel. Its application in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) generated enriched neuronal cultures from differentiated cell suspensions derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data underlines the feasibility of using the described co-labeling protocol and co-expression analysis for quantitative assays in mammalian neurobiology and for screening approaches to identify much needed surface markers in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Turaç
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Christopher J. Hindley
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason A. Davis
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- 4 Hertie, Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- 4 Hertie, Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *
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Malecki M, LaVanne C, Alhambra D, Dodivenaka C, Nagel S, Malecki R. Safeguarding Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Therapy against Iatrogenic Cancerogenesis: Transgenic Expression of DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB Controlled By POLA1 Promoter in Proliferating and Directed Differentiation Resisting Human Autologous Pluripotent Induced Stem Cells Leads to their Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 9. [PMID: 25045589 PMCID: PMC4103669 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.s9-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The worst possible complication of using stem cells for regenerative
therapy is iatrogenic cancerogenesis. The ultimate goal of our work is to
develop a self-triggering feedback mechanism aimed at causing death of all
stem cells, which resist directed differentiation, keep proliferating, and
can grow into tumors. Specific aim The specific aim was threefold: (1) to genetically engineer the DNA
constructs for the human, recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2,
DFFB controlled by POLA promoter; (2) to
bioengineer anti-SSEA-4 antibody guided vectors delivering transgenes to
human undifferentiated and proliferating pluripotent stem cells; (3) to
cause death of proliferating and directed differentiation resisting stem
cells by transgenic expression of the human recombinant the DNases
(hrDNases). Methods The DNA constructs for the human, recombinant DNASE1,
DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB controlled by POLA
promoter were genetically engineered. The vectors targeting specifically
SSEA-4 expressing stem cells were bioengineered. The healthy
volunteers’ bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were induced into
human, autologous, pluripotent stem cells with non-integrating plasmids.
Directed differentiation of the induced stem cells into endothelial cells
was accomplished with EGF and BMP. The anti-SSEA 4 antibodies’ guided
DNA vectors delivered the transgenes for the human recombinant
DNases’ into proliferating stem cells. Results Differentiation of the pluripotent induced stem cells into the
endothelial cells was verified by highlighting formation of tight and
adherens junctions through transgenic expression of recombinant fluorescent
fusion proteins: VE cadherin, claudin, zona occludens 1, and catenin.
Proliferation of the stem cells was determined through highlighting
transgenic expression of recombinant fluorescent proteins controlled by
POLA promoter, while also reporting expression of the
transgenes for the hrDNases. Expression of the transgenes for the DNases
resulted in complete collapse of the chromatin architecture and degradation
of the proliferating cells’ genomic DNA. The proliferating stem
cells, but not the differentiating ones, were effectively induced to
die. Conclusion Herein, we describe attaining the proof-of-concept for the strategy,
whereby transgenic expression of the genetically engineered human
recombinant DNases in proliferating and directed differentiation resisting
stem cells leads to their death. This novel strategy reduces the risk of
iatrogenic neoplasms in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Nagel
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Raf Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA ; San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
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Horst OV, Chavez MG, Jheon AH, Desai T, Klein OD. Stem cell and biomaterials research in dental tissue engineering and regeneration. Dent Clin North Am 2012; 56:495-520. [PMID: 22835534 PMCID: PMC3494412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes approaches used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with a focus on dental applications. Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common diseases resulting in tissue loss. To replace or regenerate new tissues, various sources of stem cells have been identified such as somatic stem cells from teeth and peridontium. Advances in biomaterial sciences including microfabrication, self-assembled biomimetic peptides, and 3-dimensional printing hold great promise for whole-organ or partial tissue regeneration to replace teeth and periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapin V. Horst
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0758, 521 Parnassus Avenue, Clinical Science Building 627, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA
| | - Miquella G. Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2330, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0442, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
| | - Andrew H. Jheon
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0442, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
| | - Tejal Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2330, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, Byers Hall Room 203C, MC 2520, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0442, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0442, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0442, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442.
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Serra M, Brito C, Correia C, Alves PM. Process engineering of human pluripotent stem cells for clinical application. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:350-9. [PMID: 22541338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, constitute an extremely attractive tool for cell therapy. However, flexible platforms for the large-scale production and storage of hPSCs in tightly controlled conditions are necessary to deliver high-quality cells in relevant quantities to satisfy clinical demands. Here we discuss the main principles for the bioprocessing of hPSCs, highlighting the impact of environmental factors, novel 3D culturing approaches and integrated bioreactor strategies for controlling hPSC culture outcome. Knowledge on hPSC bioprocessing accumulated during recent years provides important insights for the establishment of more robust production platforms and should potentiate the implementation of novel hPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Serra
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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