1
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Krukiewicz K, Contessotto P, Nedjari S, Martino MM, Redenski I, Gabet Y, Speranza G, O'Brien T, Altankov G, Awaja F. Clinical potential of plasma-functionalized graphene oxide ultrathin sheets for bone and blood vessel regeneration: Insights from cellular and animal models. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213867. [PMID: 38669824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide (GO), due to their unique chemical and physical properties, possess biochemical characteristics that can trigger intercellular signals promoting tissue regeneration. Clinical applications of thin GO-derived sheets have inspired the development of various tissue regeneration and repair approaches. In this study, we demonstrate that ultrathin sheets of plasma-functionalized and reduced GO, with the oxygen content ranging from 3.2 % to 22 % and the nitrogen content from 0 % to 8.3 %, retain their essential mechanical and molecular integrity, and exhibit robust potential for regenerating bone tissue and blood vessels across multiple cellular and animal models. Initially, we observed the growth of blood vessels and bone tissue in vitro using these functionalized GO sheets on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Remarkably, our study indicates a 2.5-fold increase in mineralization and two-fold increase in tubule formation even in media lacking osteogenic and angiogenic supplements. Subsequently, we observed the initiation, conduction, and formation of bone and blood vessels in a rat tibial osteotomy model, evident from a marked 4-fold increase in the volume of low radio-opacity bone tissue and a significant elevation in connectivity density, all without the use of stem cells or growth factors. Finally, we validated these findings in a mouse critical-size calvarial defect model (33 % higher healing rate) and a rat skin lesion model (up to 2.5-fold increase in the number of blood vessels, and 35 % increase in blood vessels diameter). This study elucidates the pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic properties of both pristine and plasma-treated GO ultrathin films. These properties suggest their significant potential for clinical applications, and as valuable biomaterials for investigating fundamental aspects of bone and blood vessel regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Salima Nedjari
- Molecular Dynamics at Cell-Biomaterial Interface, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - George Altankov
- ICREA & Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Medical University Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Firas Awaja
- Department of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Engmat Ltd., Clybaun Road, Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Bixel MG, Sivaraj KK, Timmen M, Mohanakrishnan V, Aravamudhan A, Adams S, Koh BI, Jeong HW, Kruse K, Stange R, Adams RH. Angiogenesis is uncoupled from osteogenesis during calvarial bone regeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4575. [PMID: 38834586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration requires a well-orchestrated cellular and molecular response including robust vascularization and recruitment of mesenchymal and osteogenic cells. In femoral fractures, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are closely coupled during the complex healing process. Here, we show with advanced longitudinal intravital multiphoton microscopy that early vascular sprouting is not directly coupled to osteoprogenitor invasion during calvarial bone regeneration. Early osteoprogenitors emerging from the periosteum give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts at the injured calvarial bone edge. Microvessels growing inside the lesions are not associated with osteoprogenitors. Subsequently, osteogenic cells collectively invade the vascularized and perfused lesion as a multicellular layer, thereby advancing regenerative ossification. Vascular sprouting and remodeling result in dynamic blood flow alterations to accommodate the growing bone. Single cell profiling of injured calvarial bones demonstrates mesenchymal stromal cell heterogeneity comparable to femoral fractures with increase in cell types promoting bone regeneration. Expression of angiogenesis and hypoxia-related genes are slightly elevated reflecting ossification of a vascularized lesion site. Endothelial Notch and VEGF signaling alter vascular growth in calvarial bone repair without affecting the ossification progress. Our findings may have clinical implications for bone regeneration and bioengineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriele Bixel
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Kishor K Sivaraj
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Timmen
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Vishal Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anusha Aravamudhan
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bong-Ihn Koh
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Sequencing Core Facility, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai Kruse
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Service Unit, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Nepal S, Si J, Ishikawa S, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Akimoto AM, Okada H, Ohba S, Chung UI, Sakai T, Hojo H. Injectable phase-separated tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffold allows sustained release of growth factors to enhance the repair of critical bone defects. Regen Ther 2024; 25:24-34. [PMID: 38108043 PMCID: PMC10724494 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of bone-related injuries, it is crucial to improve treatments for fractures and defects. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution in the form of injectable hydrogel scaffolds that can sustain the release of growth factors like bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone repair. Recently, we discovered that tetra-PEG hydrogels (Tetra gels) undergo gel-gel phase separation (GGPS) at low polymer content, resulting in hydrophobicity and tissue affinity. In this work, we examined the potential of a newer class of gel, the oligo-tetra-PEG gel (Oligo gel), as a growth factor-releasing scaffold. We investigated the extent of GGPS occurring in the two gels and assessed their ability to sustain BMP-2 release and osteogenic potential in a mouse calvarial defect model. The Oligo gel underwent a greater degree of GGPS than the Tetra gel, exhibiting higher turbidity, hydrophobicity, and pore formation. The Oligo gel demonstrated sustained protein or growth factor release over a 21-day period from protein release kinetics and osteogenic cell differentiation studies. Finally, BMP-2-loaded Oligo gels achieved complete regeneration of critical-sized calvarial defects within 28 days, significantly outperforming Tetra gels. The easy formulation, injectability, and capacity for sustained release makes the Oligo gel a promising candidate therapeutic biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Nepal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jinyan Si
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shohei Ishikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aya M. Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Feher B, Kampleitner C, Heimel P, Tangl S, Helms JA, Kuchler U, Gruber R. The effect of osteocyte-derived RANKL on bone graft remodeling: An in vivo experimental study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:1417-1427. [PMID: 37792417 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for grafting, yet it suffers from a tendency to undergo resorption over time. While the exact mechanisms of this resorption remain elusive, osteocytes have been shown to play an important role in stimulating osteoclastic activity through their expression of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL). The aim of this study was to assess the function of osteocyte-derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre mice without osteocyte-specific RANKL as well as in Dmp1-Cre control mice, 2.6 mm calvarial bone disks were harvested and transplanted into mice with matching genetic backgrounds either subcutaneously or subperiosteally, creating 4 groups in total. Histology and micro-computed tomography of the grafts and the donor regions were performed 28 days after grafting. RESULTS Histology revealed marked resorption of subcutaneous control Dmp1-Cre grafts and new bone formation around subperiosteal Dmp1-Cre grafts. In contrast, Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre grafts showed effectively neither signs of bone resorption nor formation. Quantitative micro-computed tomography revealed a significant difference in residual graft area between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Dmp1-Cre grafts (p < .01). This difference was not observed between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre grafts (p = .17). Residual graft volume (p = .08) and thickness (p = .13) did not differ significantly among the groups. Donor area regeneration was comparable between Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre and Dmp1-Cre mice and restricted to the defect margins. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an active function of osteocyte-derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Feher
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carina Kampleitner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jill A Helms
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Joy S, Thomas NG. Gymnemic acid-conjugated gelatin scaffold for enhanced bone regeneration: A novel insight to tissue engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1652-1662. [PMID: 36942931 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering deals with the design of bone scaffolds. The selection of porous scaffold for osteoblast attachment and suppression of microbial infections are the major challenges that were addressed by designing gelatin scaffolds conjugated with gymnemic acid. Gelatin scaffold was prepared by loading gymnemic acid and morphological characterization, porosity, water absorption behavior, and biocompatibility of the scaffold were studied. The scaffold was introduced to the rat calvarial bone defect (BD) and analyzed the serum C reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, and histology for 1 month to study the reconstruction. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used as sham operated control, animal with BD, and animal with BD which was implanted with scaffold (BDMB). The scanning electron micrograph revealed porous nature of scaffold. There was no significant difference in water absorption ability of scaffold. The C reactive protein was not observed in the serum collected on the 5th day postsurgery, supported the biocompatibility. The alkaline phosphatase activity in BDMB was increased when compared with BD on 15th and 20th day and then decreased. New bone tissue formation was detected with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The scaffold is effective in enhancing bone regeneration, which will have therapeutic significance in orthopedics and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Joy
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nebu George Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Tiruvalla, India
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6
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Behara M, Goudy S. FTY720 in immuno-regenerative and wound healing technologies for muscle, epithelial and bone regeneration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1148932. [PMID: 37250137 PMCID: PMC10213316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1148932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2010, the FDA approved the administration of FTY720, S1P lipid mediator, as a therapy to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. FTY720 was found to sequester pro-inflammatory lymphocytes within the lymph node, preventing them from causing injury to the central nervous system due to inflammation. Studies harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of FTY720 as a pro-regenerative strategy in wound healing of muscle, bone and mucosal injuries are currently being performed. This in-depth review discusses the current regenerative impact of FTY720 due to its anti-inflammatory effect stratified into an assessment of wound regeneration in the muscular, skeletal, and epithelial systems. The regenerative effect of FTY720 in vivo was characterized in three animal models, with differing delivery mechanisms emerging in the last 20 years. In these studies, local delivery of FTY720 was found to increase pro-regenerative immune cell phenotypes (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes), vascularization, cell proliferation and collagen deposition. Delivery of FTY720 to a localized wound environment demonstrated increased bone, muscle, and mucosal regeneration through changes in gene and cytokine production primarily by controlling the local immune cell phenotypes. These changes in gene and cytokine production reduced the inflammatory component of wound healing and increased the migration of pro-regenerative cells (neutrophils and macrophages) to the wound site. The application of FTY720 delivery using a biomaterial has demonstrated the ability of local delivery of FTY720 to promote local wound healing leveraging an immunomodulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Behara
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven Goudy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Ruiz-Gómez G, Salbach-Hirsch J, Dürig JN, Köhler L, Balamurugan K, Rother S, Heidig SL, Moeller S, Schnabelrauch M, Furesi G, Pählig S, Guillem-Gloria PM, Hofbauer C, Hintze V, Pisabarro MT, Rademann J, Hofbauer LC. Rational engineering of glycosaminoglycan-based Dickkopf-1 scavengers to improve bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122105. [PMID: 37031548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is a central regulator of bone development and regeneration. Functional alterations of WNT ligands and inhibitors are associated with a variety of bone diseases that affect bone fragility and result in a high medical and socioeconomic burden. Hence, this cellular pathway has emerged as a novel target for bone-protective therapies, e.g. in osteoporosis. Here, we investigated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) recognition by Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a potent endogenous WNT inhibitor, and the underlying functional implications in order to develop WNT signaling regulators. In a multidisciplinary approach we applied in silico structure-based de novo design strategies and molecular dynamics simulations combined with synthetic chemistry and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to Rationally Engineer oligomeric Glycosaminoglycan derivatives (REGAG) with improved neutralizing properties for DKK1. In vitro and in vivo assays show that the GAG modification to obtain REGAG translated into increased WNT pathway activity and improved bone regeneration in a mouse calvaria defect model with critical size bone lesions. Importantly, the developed REGAG outperformed polymeric high-sulfated hyaluronan (sHA3) in enhancing bone healing up to 50% due to their improved DKK1 binding properties. Thus, rationally engineered GAG variants may represent an innovative strategy to develop novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ruiz-Gómez
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Salbach-Hirsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases & Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Institute of Pharmacy - Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Köhler
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kanagasabai Balamurugan
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie-Luise Heidig
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Giulia Furesi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases & Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases & Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro M Guillem-Gloria
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy - Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases & Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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8
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Granel H, Bossard C, Collignon AM, Wauquier F, Lesieur J, Rochefort GY, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Osteogenic Effect of Fisetin Doping in Bioactive Glass/Poly(caprolactone) Hybrid Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22279-22290. [PMID: 35811886 PMCID: PMC9260777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treating large bone defects or fragile patients may require enhancing the bone regeneration rate to overcome a weak contribution from the body. This work investigates the osteogenic potential of nutrient fisetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, as a doping agent inside the structure of a SiO2-CaO bioactive glass-poly(caprolactone) (BG-PCL) hybrid scaffold. Embedded in the full mass of the BG-PCL hybrid during one-pot synthesis, we demonstrate fisetin to be delivered sustainably; the release follows a first-order kinetics with active fisetin concentration being delivered for more than 1 month (36 days). The biological effect of BG-PCL-fisetin-doped scaffolds (BG-PCL-Fis) has been highlighted by in vitro and in vivo studies. A positive impact is demonstrated on the adhesion and the differentiation of rat primary osteoblasts, without an adverse cytotoxic effect. Implantation in critical-size mouse calvaria defects shows bone remodeling characteristics and remarkable enhancement of bone regeneration for fisetin-doped scaffolds, with the regenerated bone volume being twofold that of nondoped scaffolds and fourfold that of a commercial trabecular bovine bone substitute. Such highly bioactive materials could stand as competitive alternative strategies involving biomaterials loaded with growth factors, the use of the latter being the subject of growing concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Anne-Margaux Collignon
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
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9
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Touya N, Devun M, Handschin C, Casenave S, Omar NA, Gaubert A, Dusserre N, De Oliveira H, Kérourédan O, Devillard R. In vitroand in vivocharacterization of a novel tricalcium silicate-based ink for bone regeneration using laser-assisted bioprinting. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35203068 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Grafts aside, current strategies employed to overcome bone loss still fail to reproduce native tissue physiology. Among the emerging bioprinting strategies, Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (LAB) offers very high resolution, allowing designing micrometric patterns in a contactless manner, providing a reproducible tool to test ink formulation. To this date, no LAB associated ink succeeded to provide a reproducible ad integrum bone regeneration on a murine calvaria critical size defect model. Using the CE approved BioRoot RCS® as a mineral addition to a collagen-enriched ink compatible with LAB, the present study describes the process of the development of a solidifying tricalcium silicate-based ink as a new bone repair promoting substrates in a LAB model. This ink formulation was mechanically characterized by rheology to adjust it for LAB. Printed aside Stromal Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAPs), this ink demonstrated a great cytocompatibility, with significant in vitro positive impact upon cell motility, and an early osteogenic differentiation response in the absence of another stimulus. Results indicated that the in vivo application of this new ink formulation to regenerate critical size bone defect tends to promote the formation of bone volume fraction without affecting the vascularization of the neo-formed tissue. The use of LAB techniques with this ink failed to demonstrate a complete bone repair, whether SCAPs were printed or not of at its direct proximity. The relevance of the properties of this specific ink formulation would therefore rely on the quantity applied in situ as a defect filler rather than its cell modulation properties observed in vitro. For the first time, a tricalcium silicate-based printed ink, based on rheological analysis, was characterized in vitro and in vivo, giving valuable information to reach complete bone regeneration through formulation updates. This LAB-based process could be generalized to normalize the characterization of candidate ink for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Touya
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Mathilde Devun
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Charles Handschin
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering: Bordeaux, FR, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Sophia Casenave
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Naïma Ahmed Omar
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Nathalie Dusserre
- ART Bioprint, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Hugo De Oliveira
- , Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie tissulaire, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Olivia Kérourédan
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue Léo Saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Raphael Devillard
- Bioingenierie tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
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10
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Hatt LP, Thompson K, Helms JA, Stoddart MJ, Armiento AR. Clinically relevant preclinical animal models for testing novel cranio-maxillofacial bone 3D-printed biomaterials. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e690. [PMID: 35170248 PMCID: PMC8847734 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with potential for the regeneration of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones, with 3D printing being a suitable fabrication tool for patient‐specific implants. The CMF region includes a variety of different bones with distinct functions. The clinical implementation of tissue engineering concepts is currently poor, likely due to multiple reasons including the complexity of the CMF anatomy and biology, and the limited relevance of the currently used preclinical models. The ‘recapitulation of a human disease’ is a core requisite of preclinical animal models, but this aspect is often neglected, with a vast majority of studies failing to identify the specific clinical indication they are targeting and/or the rationale for choosing one animal model over another. Currently, there are no suitable guidelines that propose the most appropriate animal model to address a specific CMF pathology and no standards are established to test the efficacy of biomaterials or tissue engineered constructs in the CMF field. This review reports the current clinical scenario of CMF reconstruction, then discusses the numerous limitations of currently used preclinical animal models employed for validating 3D‐printed tissue engineered constructs and the need to reduce animal work that does not address a specific clinical question. We will highlight critical research aspects to consider, to pave a clinically driven path for the development of new tissue engineered materials for CMF reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P Hatt
- Regenerative Orthopaedics Program, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Platz, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Techonology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- Regenerative Orthopaedics Program, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Platz, Switzerland
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- Regenerative Orthopaedics Program, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Platz, Switzerland
| | - Angela R Armiento
- Regenerative Orthopaedics Program, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Platz, Switzerland
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11
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Li M, Xing X, Huang H, Liang C, Gao X, Tang Q, Xu X, Yang J, Liao L, Tian W. BMSC-Derived ApoEVs Promote Craniofacial Bone Repair via ROS/JNK Signaling. J Dent Res 2022; 101:714-723. [PMID: 35114838 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect caused by trauma, neoplasia, congenital defects, or periodontal disease is a major cause of disability and physical limitation. The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promotes bone repair and regeneration. However, it has been shown that most BMSCs die within a short period after transplantation. During apoptosis, BMSCs generate a large number of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). This study aims to understand the potential role of ApoEVs in craniofacial bone defect repair and regeneration. First, we confirmed that BMSCs undergo apoptosis within 2 d after transplantation into the defect of the cranium. Abundant ApoEVs were generated from apoptotic BMSCs. Uptake of ApoEVs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of recipient BMSCs in vitro. ApoEVs from cells in the middle stage of apoptosis were the most efficient to enhance the regenerative capacity of BMSCs. Moreover, a critical size bone defect model in rats was used to evaluate the osteogenic property of ApoEVs in vivo. Local transplantation of ApoEVs promoted bone regeneration in the calvarial defect. Mechanistically, ApoEVs promoted new bone formation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species to activate JNK signaling. This study reveals a previously unknown role of the dying transplanted BMSCs in promoting the viability of endogenous BMSCs and repairing the calvarial defects. Since it could avoid several adverse effects and limits of BMSC cytotherapy, treatment of ApoEVs might be a promising strategy in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - H Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - C Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - L Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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12
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Lu YC, Chang TK, Yeh ST, Lin TC, Lin HS, Chen CH, Huang CH, Huang CH. Evaluation of graphene-derived bone scaffold exposure to the calvarial bone_ in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:1-15. [PMID: 35085045 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2027036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a novel material which has recently been gaining great interest in the biomedical fields. Our previous study observed that graphene-derived particles help induce bone formation in a murine calvarial model. Here, we further developed a blended graphene-contained polycaprolactone (PCL/G) filament for application in a 3D-printed bone scaffold. Since implants are expected to be for long-term usage, in vitro cell culture and in vivo scaffold implants were evaluated in a critical-size bone defect calvarial model for over 60 weeks. Graphene greatly improved the mechanical strength by 30.2% compared to pure PCL. The fabricated PCL/G scaffolds also showed fine cell viability. In animal model, an abnormal electroencephalogram power spectrum and early signs of aging, such as hair graying and hair loss, were found in the group with a PCL/G scaffold compared to pure PCL scaffold. Neither of the abnormal symptoms caused death of all animals in both groups. The long-term use of graphene-derived biomaterials for in-vivo implants seems to be safe. But the comprehensive biosafety still needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Shih Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changhau Christian Hospital, Changhau, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Staniowski T, Zawadzka-Knefel A, Skośkiewicz-Malinowska K. Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells According to Different Transplant Types. Molecules 2021; 26:7423. [PMID: 34946506 PMCID: PMC8707085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many tissues and organs, including the stomatognathic system. Recently, the great interest of scientists in obtaining stem cells from human teeth is due to their easy availability and a non-invasive procedure of collecting the material. Three key components are required for tissue regeneration: stem cells, appropriate scaffold material and growth factors. Depending on the source of the new tissue or organ, there are several types of transplants. In this review, the following division into four transplant types is applied due to genetic differences between the donor and the recipient: xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, autotransplantation and isotransplantation (however, due to the lack of research, type was not included). In vivo studies have shown that Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)can form a dentin-pulp complex, nerves, adipose, bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessels and myocardium, which gives hope for their use in various biomedical areas, such as immunotherapy and regenerative therapy. This review presents the current in vivo research and advances to provide new biological insights and therapeutic possibilities of using DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Zawadzka-Knefel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland; (T.S.); (K.S.-M.)
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14
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Dobson LK, Zeitouni S, McNeill EP, Bearden RN, Gregory CA, Saunders WB. Canine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated Bone Regeneration is Enhanced in the Presence of Sub-Therapeutic Concentrations of BMP-2 in a Murine Calvarial Defect Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:764703. [PMID: 34796168 PMCID: PMC8592971 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.764703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel bone regeneration strategies often show promise in rodent models yet are unable to successfully translate to clinical therapy. Sheep, goats, and dogs are used as translational models in preparation for human clinical trials. While human MSCs (hMSCs) undergo osteogenesis in response to well-defined protocols, canine MSCs (cMSCs) are more incompletely characterized. Prior work suggests that cMSCs require additional agonists such as IGF-1, NELL-1, or BMP-2 to undergo robust osteogenic differentiation in vitro. When compared directly to hMSCs, cMSCs perform poorly in vivo. Thus, from both mechanistic and clinical perspectives, cMSC and hMSC-mediated bone regeneration may differ. The objectives of this study were twofold. The first was to determine if previous in vitro findings regarding cMSC osteogenesis were substantiated in vivo using an established murine calvarial defect model. The second was to assess in vitro ALP activity and endogenous BMP-2 gene expression in both canine and human MSCs. Calvarial defects (4 mm) were treated with cMSCs, sub-therapeutic BMP-2, or the combination of cMSCs and sub-therapeutic BMP-2. At 28 days, while there was increased healing in defects treated with cMSCs, defects treated with cMSCs and BMP-2 exhibited the greatest degree of bone healing as determined by quantitative μCT and histology. Using species-specific qPCR, cMSCs were not detected in relevant numbers 10 days after implantation, suggesting that bone healing was mediated by anabolic cMSC or ECM-driven cues and not via engraftment of cMSCs. In support of this finding, defects treated with cMSC + BMP-2 exhibited robust deposition of Collagens I, III, and VI using immunofluorescence. Importantly, cMSCs exhibited minimal ALP activity unless cultured in the presence of BMP-2 and did not express endogenous canine BMP-2 under any condition. In contrast, human MSCs exhibited robust ALP activity in all conditions and expressed human BMP-2 when cultured in control and osteoinduction media. This is the first in vivo study in support of previous in vitro findings regarding cMSC osteogenesis, namely that cMSCs require additional agonists to initiate robust osteogenesis. These findings are highly relevant to translational cell-based bone healing studies and represent an important finding for the field of canine MSC-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Dobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne Zeitouni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Eoin P McNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert N Bearden
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - W Brian Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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15
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Activation of creER recombinase in the mouse calvaria induces local recombination without effects on distant skeletal segments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8214. [PMID: 33859263 PMCID: PMC8050205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional creER-mediated gene inactivation or gene induction has emerged as a robust tool for studying gene functions in mouse models of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Here, we present a method to conditionally induce cre recombination in the mouse calvarial bone while avoiding systemic recombination in distal bones. To test our method, we utilized Prx1creER-egfp;td-Tomato mice and delivered 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) to the mouse calvaria, subperiosteally. First, we showed that two calvaria subperiosteal injections of 10 µg of 4-OHT (3.3 mg of 4-OHT/kg of body weight) can induce local recombination as efficiently as two intraperitoneal systemic injections of 200 μg of tamoxifen (70 mg of tamoxifen/kg of body weight). Then, we studied the recombination efficiency of various subperiosteal calvaria dosages and found that two subperiosteal injections of 5 µg 4-OHT (1.65 mg of 4-OHT/kg of body weight) uphold the same recombination efficiency observed with higher dosages. Importantly, the result indicated that the low dosage does not induce significant systemic recombination in remote skeletal tissues. With the proposed local low dosage protocol, the recombination efficiency at the injection site (calvarial bone) reached 94%, while the recombination efficiency at the mandible and the digits was as low as the efficiency measured in control animals.
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16
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Berbéri A, Fayyad-Kazan M, Ayoub S, Bou Assaf R, Sabbagh J, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Badran B. Osteogenic potential of dental and oral derived stem cells in bone tissue engineering among animal models: An update. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101515. [PMID: 33657504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiological environmental conditions. The bone modeling cycle preserves the reliability of the skeleton through the well-adjusted activities of its fundamental cell. Stem cells are a source of pluripotent cells with a capacity to differentiate into any tissue in the existence of a suitable medium. The concept of bone engineering is based on stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells have been evaluated in bone tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate in osteoblasts. They can be isolated from bone marrow and from several adults oral and dental tissues such as permanent or deciduous teeth dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical dental papilla, dental follicle precursor cells usually isolated from the follicle surrounding the third molar, gingival tissue, periosteum-derived cells, dental alveolar socket, and maxillary sinus Schneiderian membrane-derived cells. Therefore, a suitable animal model is a crucial step, as preclinical trials, to study the outcomes of mesenchymal cells on the healing of bone defects. We will discuss, through this paper, the use of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from several oral tissues mixed with different types of scaffolds tested in different animal models for bone tissue engineering. We will explore and link the comparisons between human and animal models and emphasized the factors that we need to take into consideration when choosing animals. The pig is considered as the animal of choice when testing large size and multiple defects for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berbéri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath- Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sara Ayoub
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rita Bou Assaf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Sabbagh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath- Beirut, Lebanon.
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17
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Lee J, Lee J, Lee S, Ahmad T, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Kim EM, Lee SW, Shin H. Bioactive Membrane Immobilized with Lactoferrin for Modulation of Bone Regeneration and Inflammation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1243-1258. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lee J, Seok JM, Huh SJ, Byun HY, Lee SM, Park SA, Shin H. 3D printed micro-chambers carrying stem cell spheroids and pro-proliferative growth factors for bone tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33086206 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc39c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds have proved to be effective tools for delivering growth factors and cells in bone-tissue engineering. However, delivering spheroids that enhance cellular function remains challenging because the spheroids tend to suffer from low viability, which limits bone regenerationin vivo. Here, we describe a 3D-printed polycaprolactone micro-chamber that can deliver human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids. Anin vitroculture of cells from spheroids in the micro-chamber exhibited greater viability and proliferation compared with cells cultured without the chamber. We coated the surface of the chamber with 500 ng of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), and immobilized 50 ng of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on fragmented fibers, which were incorporated within the spheroids as a new platform for a dual-growth-factor delivery system. The PDGF detached from the chamber within 8 h and the remains were retained on the surface of chamber while the BMP-2 was entrapped by the spheroid. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of the cells from the spheroids in the micro-chamber with dual growth factors enhanced alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1A expression by factors of 126.7 ± 19.6 and 89.7 ± 0.3, respectively, compared with expression in a micro-chamber with no growth factors. In vivo transplantation of the chambers with dual growth factors into mouse calvarial defects resulted in a 77.0 ± 15.9% of regenerated bone area, while the chamber without growth factors and a defect-only group achieved 7.6 ± 3.9% and 5.0 ± 1.9% of regenerated bone areas, respectively. These findings indicate that a spheroid-loaded micro-chamber supplied with dual growth factors can serve as an effective protein-delivery platform that increases stem-cell functioning and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji Min Seok
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ha Yeon Byun
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Su A Park
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea (the Republic of)
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19
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Ryu DJ, Jung EY, Hong DH, Kwon KB, Park SJ, Kim JH, Wang JH. Efficacy of bone formation of microporous sphere-shaped biphasic calcium phosphate in a rabbit skull bone defect model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:294-307. [PMID: 32909343 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone graft is required in various surgical procedures. Although autograft is the gold standard, it has limited availability. Various compounds have been proposed as alternatives such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), which is the most widely used compound. The newly synthesized microporous sphere-shaped BCP has the advantage of increasing contact surface, and it can induce the formation of microbone structures. A putty-type contains the addition of a fluid carrier to the sphere-shaped BCP and can be easily used for a small orifice large bone defect. To compare the widely used BCP products, new bone formation and residual graft materials (RGM) were evaluated for 6 and 12 weeks in a rabbit calvarial bone defect model. Although existing BCP products and the microporous sphere-type product did not differ significantly with respect to new bone formation and RGM, the putty-type product was largely washed out and had low new bone formation at 6 and 12 weeks. Overall, the results suggest that microporous sphere-shaped BCP showed similar bone formation capability to existing products and was able to maintain higher initial mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Ryu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eui Yub Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Hee Hong
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeu Baek Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Ho Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Dudakovic A, Samsonraj RM, Paradise CR, Galeano-Garces C, Mol MO, Galeano-Garces D, Zan P, Galvan ML, Hevesi M, Pichurin O, Thaler R, Begun DL, Kloen P, Karperien M, Larson AN, Westendorf JJ, Cool SM, van Wijnen AJ. Inhibition of the epigenetic suppressor EZH2 primes osteogenic differentiation mediated by BMP2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7877-7893. [PMID: 32332097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-stimulatory therapeutics include bone morphogenetic proteins (e.g. BMP2), parathyroid hormone, and antibody-based suppression of WNT antagonists. Inhibition of the epigenetic enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is both bone anabolic and osteoprotective. EZH2 inhibition stimulates key components of bone-stimulatory signaling pathways, including the BMP2 signaling cascade. Because of high costs and adverse effects associated with BMP2 use, here we investigated whether BMP2 dosing can be reduced by co-treatment with EZH2 inhibitors. Co-administration of BMP2 with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 enhanced differentiation of murine (MC3T3) osteoblasts, reflected by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining, and expression of bone-related marker genes (e.g. Bglap and Phospho1). Strikingly, co-treatment with BMP2 (10 ng/ml) and GSK126 (5 μm) was synergistic and was as effective as 50 ng/ml BMP2 at inducing MC3T3 osteoblastogenesis. Similarly, the BMP2-GSK126 co-treatment stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, reflected by induction of key osteogenic markers (e.g. Osterix/SP7 and IBSP). A combination of BMP2 (300 ng local) and GSK126 (5 μg local and 5 days of 50 mg/kg systemic) yielded more consistent bone healing than single treatments with either compound in a mouse calvarial critical-sized defect model according to results from μCT, histomorphometry, and surgical grading of qualitative X-rays. We conclude that EZH2 inhibition facilitates BMP2-mediated induction of osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells and maturation of committed osteoblasts. We propose that epigenetic priming, coupled with bone anabolic agents, enhances osteogenesis and could be leveraged in therapeutic strategies to improve bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Merel O Mol
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pengfei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mario Hevesi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Kloen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon M Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Cuozzo RC, Sartoretto SC, Resende RFB, Alves ATNN, Mavropoulos E, Prado da Silva MH, Calasans-Maia MD. Biological evaluation of zinc-containing calcium alginate-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2610-2620. [PMID: 32096353 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an important element for bone structure and metabolism. Its interaction with hydroxyapatite has been investigated for the improvement of bone repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biological response to nanostructured calcium alginate-hydroxyapatite (HA) and zinc-containing HA (ZnHA). Cytocompatibility was evaluated by applying PrestoBlue reagent after exposing murine pre-osteoblast cells to extracts of each biomaterial microspheres. After physical and chemical characterization, the biomaterial microspheres were implanted in a critical size calvaria defect (8 mm) in Wistar rats (n = 30) that were randomly divided into the HA and ZnHA groups. Tissue samples were evaluated through histological and histomorphometric analyses after 1, 3, and 6 months (n = 5). The results showed cellular viability for both groups compared to the negative control, and no differences in metabolic activity were observed. The HA group presented a significant reduction of biomaterial compared with the ZnHA group in all experimental periods; however, a considerable amount of new bone formation was observed surrounding the ZnHA spheres at the 6-month time point compared with the HA group (p < .05). Both biomaterials were biocompatible, and the combination of zinc with hydroxyapatite was shown to improve bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan C Cuozzo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen C Sartoretto
- Oral Surgery Department, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Oral Surgery Department, Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F B Resende
- Oral Surgery Department, Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Oral Surgery Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Mavropoulos
- Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Prado da Silva
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica D Calasans-Maia
- Oral Surgery Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Lam ATL, Sim EJH, Shekaran A, Li J, Teo KL, Goggi JL, Reuveny S, Birch WR, Oh SKW. Sub-confluent culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells on biodegradable polycaprolactone microcarriers enhances bone healing of rat calvarial defect. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:631-642. [PMID: 30975604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current emerging trend of using human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) for cell therapy, large quantities of cells are needed for clinical testing. Current methods of culturing cells, using tissue culture flasks or cell multilayer vessels, are proving to be ineffective in terms of cost, space and manpower. Therefore, alternatives such as large-scale industrialized production of MSCs in stirred tank bioreactors using microcarriers (MCs) are needed. Moreover, the development of biodegradable MCs for MSC expansion can streamline the bioprocess by eliminating the need for enzymatic cell harvesting and scaffold seeding for bone-healing therapies. Our previous studies described a process of making regulated density (1.06 g/cm3) porous polycaprolactone biodegradable MCs Light Polycarprolactone (LPCL) (MCs), which were used for expanding MSCs from various sources in stirred suspension culture. Here, we use human early MSCs (heMSCs) expanded on LPCL MCs for evaluation of their osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro as well as their use in vivo calvarial defect treatment in a rat model. In summary, (i) in vitro data show that LPCL MCs can be used to efficiently expand heMSCs in stirred cultures while maintaining surface marker expression; (ii) LPCL MCs can be used as scaffolds for cell transfer for transplantation in vivo; (iii) 50% sub-confluency, mid-logarithmic phase, on LPCL MCs (50% confluent) exhibited higher secretion levels of six cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), growth-regulated oncogene-α (GRO-α) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)) as compared with 100% confluent, stationary phase cultures (100% confluent); (iv) these 50% confluent cultures demonstrated better in vitro osteogenic differentiation capacity as compared with 100% confluent cultures (higher levels of calcium deposition and at earlier stage); the improved bone differentiation capacity of these 50% confluent cultures was also demonstrated at the molecular level by higher expression of early osteoblast genes Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I, osterix and osteocalcin); and (v) in vivo implantation of biodegradable LPCL MCs covered with 50% heMSCs into rats with calvarial defect demonstrated significantly better bone formation as compared with heMSCs obtained from monolayer cultures (5.1 ± 1.6 mm3 versus 1.3 ± 0.7 mm3). Moreover, the LPCL MCs covered with 50% heMSCs supported better in vivo bone formation compared with 100% confluent culture (2.1 ± 1.3 mm3). Taken together, our study highlights the potential of implanting 50% confluent MSCs propagated on LPCL MCs as optimal for bone regeneration. This methodology allows for the production of large numbers of MSCs in a three-dimensional (3D) stirred reactor, while supporting improved bone healing and eliminating the need for a 3D matrix support scaffold, as traditionally used in bone-healing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Eileen Jia-Hui Sim
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Asha Shekaran
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kim-Leng Teo
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Julian L Goggi
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - William R Birch
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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23
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A review of emerging bone tissue engineering via PEG conjugated biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:1021-1035. [PMID: 30678893 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defects in bones can be caused by a plethora of reasons, such as trauma or illness, and in many cases, it poses challenges to the current treatment approaches for bone repair. With increasing demand of bone bioengineering in tissue transplant, there is a need to source for sustainable solutions to induce bone regeneration. Polymeric biomaterials have been identified as a promising approach due to its excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most commonly investigated polymer for use in bio-related application due to its bioinertness and versatility. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature enables it to be incorporated with hydrophobic but biodegradable polymers like, polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), to create an amphiphilic polymer. This article reviews the recent synthetic strategies available for the construction of PEG conjugated polymeric system, analysis of PEG influence on the material properties, and provides an overview of its application in bone engineering.
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24
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Le BQ, Rai B, Hui Lim ZX, Tan TC, Lin T, Lin Lee JJ, Murali S, Teoh SH, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. A polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate-heparan sulphate device for cranioplasty. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 47:341-348. [PMID: 30579746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat a bone defect or deformity in the skull. To date, there is little consensus on the standard-of-care for graft materials used in such a procedure. Graft materials must have sufficient mechanical strength to protect the underlying brain as well as the ability to integrate and support new bone growth. Also, the ideal graft material should be individually customized to the contours of the defect to ensure a suitable aesthetic outcome for the patient. PURPOSE Customized 3D-printed scaffolds comprising of polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) have been developed with mechanical properties suitable for cranioplasty. Osteostimulation of PCL-TCP was enhanced through the addition of a bone matrix-mimicking heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (HS3) with increased affinity for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Efficacy of this PCL-TCP/HS3 combination device was assessed in a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model. METHOD Critical-sized defects (5 mm) were created in both parietal bones of 19 Sprague Dawley rats (Male, 450-550 g). Each cranial defect was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (1) A control group consisting of PCL-TCP/Fibrin alone (n = 5); (2) PCL-TCP/Fibrin-HSft (30 μg) (n = 6) (HSft is the flow-through during HS3 isolation that has reduced affinity for BMP-2); (3) PCL-TCP/Fibrin-HS3 (5 μg) (n = 6); (4) PCL-TCP/Fibrin-HS3 (30 μg) (n = 6). Scaffold integration and bone formation was evaluated 12-weeks post implantation by μCT and histology. RESULTS Treatment with PCL-TCP/Fibrin alone (control) resulted in 23.7% ± 1.55% (BV/TV) of the calvarial defect being filled with new bone, a result similar to treatment with PCL-TCP/Fibrin scaffolds containing either HSft or HS3 (5 μg). At increased amounts of HS3 (30 μg), enhanced bone formation was evident (BV/TV = 38.6% ± 9.38%), a result 1.6-fold higher than control. Further assessment by 2D μCT and histology confirmed the presence of enhanced bone formation and scaffold integration with surrounding host bone only when scaffolds contained sufficient bone matrix-mimicking HS3. CONCLUSION Enhancing the biomimicry of devices using a heparan sulphate with increased affinity to BMP-2 can serve to improve the performance of PCL-TCP scaffolds and provides a suitable treatment for cranioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Quang Le
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Bina Rai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Zophia Xue Hui Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Tuan Chun Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Tingxuan Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Jaslyn Jie Lin Lee
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Sadasivam Murali
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Simon McKenzie Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119288.
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25
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Muñoz D, Castillo H, Henríquez JP, Marcellini S. Bone regeneration after traumatic skull injury in Xenopus tropicalis. Mech Dev 2018; 154:153-161. [PMID: 30420272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of regenerative biology is to improve human health by exploiting cellular and molecular mechanisms favoring tissue repair. In recent years, non-mammalian vertebrates have emerged as powerful model organisms to tackle the problem of tissue regeneration. Here, we analyze the process of bone repair in metamorphosing Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles subjected to traumatic skull injury. Five days after skull perforation, a dense and highly vascularized mesenchymal is apparent over the injury site. Using an in vivo bone staining procedure based on independent pulses of Alizarin red and Calcein green, we show that the deposition of new bone matrix completely closes the wound in 15 days. The absence of cartilage implies that bone repair follows an intramembranous ossification route. Collagen second harmonic imaging reveals that while a well-organized lamellar type of bone is deposited during development, a woven type of bone is produced during the early-phase of the regeneration process. Osteoblasts lying against the regenerating bone robustly express fibrillar collagen 1a1, SPARC and Dlx5. These analyses establish Xenopus tropicalis as a new model system to improve traumatic skull injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Héctor Castillo
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Henríquez
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile.
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26
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Dudakovic A, Camilleri ET, Paradise CR, Samsonraj RM, Gluscevic M, Paggi CA, Begun DL, Khani F, Pichurin O, Ahmed FS, Elsayed R, Elsalanty M, McGee-Lawrence ME, Karperien M, Riester SM, Thaler R, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ( Ezh2) controls bone formation and cell cycle progression during osteogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12894-12907. [PMID: 29899112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of the histone 3 Lys-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in WT mice enhances osteogenesis and stimulates bone formation. However, conditional genetic loss of Ezh2 early in the mesenchymal lineage (i.e. through excision via Prrx1 promoter-driven Cre) causes skeletal abnormalities due to patterning defects. Here, we addressed the key question of whether Ezh2 controls osteoblastogenesis at later developmental stages beyond patterning. We show that Ezh2 loss in committed pre-osteoblasts by Cre expression via the osterix/Sp7 promoter yields phenotypically normal mice. These Ezh2 conditional knock-out mice (Ezh2 cKO) have normal skull bones, clavicles, and long bones but exhibit increased bone marrow adiposity and reduced male body weight. Remarkably, in vivo Ezh2 loss results in a low trabecular bone phenotype in young mice as measured by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Thus, Ezh2 affects bone formation stage-dependently. We further show that Ezh2 loss in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells suppresses osteogenic differentiation and impedes cell cycle progression as reflected by decreased metabolic activity, reduced cell numbers, and changes in cell cycle distribution and in expression of cell cycle markers. RNA-Seq analysis of Ezh2 cKO calvaria revealed that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn2a is the most prominent cell cycle target of Ezh2 Hence, genetic loss of Ezh2 in mouse pre-osteoblasts inhibits osteogenesis in part by inducing cell cycle changes. Our results suggest that Ezh2 serves a bifunctional role during bone formation by suppressing osteogenic lineage commitment while simultaneously facilitating proliferative expansion of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Emily T Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | | | - Martina Gluscevic
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Carlo Alberto Paggi
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Farah S Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | | | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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27
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Zhang Y, Husch JFA, van den Beucken JJJP. Intraoperative Construct Preparation: A Practical Route for Cell-Based Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:403-417. [PMID: 29631489 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering based on the combination of a scaffold and expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents the current state-of-the-art treatment for bone defects and fractures. However, the procedure of such construct preparation requires extensive ex vivo manipulation of patient's cells to achieve enough stem cells. Therefore, it is impractical and not cost-effective compared to other therapeutic interventions. For these reasons, a more practical strategy circumventing any ex vivo manipulation and an additional surgery for the patient would be advantageous. Intraoperative concept-based bone tissue engineering, where constructs are prepared with easily accessible autologous cells within the same surgical procedure, allows for such a simplification. In this study, we discuss the concept of intraoperative construct preparation for bone tissue engineering and summarize the available cellular options for intraoperative preparation. Furthermore, we propose methods to prepare intraoperative constructs, and review data of currently available preclinical and clinical studies using intraoperatively prepared constructs for bone regenerative applications. We identify several obstacles hampering the application of this emerging approach and highlight perspectives of technological innovations to advance the future developments of intraoperative construct preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Soreide E, Denbeigh JM, Lewallen EA, Samsonraj RM, Berglund LJ, Dudakovic A, Cool SM, Nordsletten L, Kakar S, van Wijnen AJ. Fibrin glue mediated delivery of bone anabolic reagents to enhance healing of tendon to bone. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5715-5724. [PMID: 29388702 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tendon graft healing in bone tunnels for the fixation of intra-articular ligament reconstructions may limit clinical outcome by delaying healing. This study assesses the effects of hydrogel-mediated delivery of bone anabolic growth factors in a validated model of tendon-to-bone tunnel healing. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups (BMP2-treated, GSK126-treated, and placebo). All animals underwent a tendon-to-bone tunnel reconstruction. Healing was evaluated at 4 weeks by biomechanical assessment, micro-computed tomography (bone mineral density, bone volume, cross sectional area of bone tunnels), and traditional histology. Adverse events associated with the hydrogel-mediated delivery of drugs were not observed. Results of our biomechanical assessment demonstrated favorable trends in animals treated with bone anabolic factors for energy absorption (P = 0.116) and elongation (P = 0.054), while results for force to failure (P = 0.691) and stiffness (P = 0.404) did not show discernible differences. Cross sectional areas for BMP2-treated animals were reduced, but neither BMP2 nor GSK126 administration altered bone mineral density (P = 0.492) or bone volume in the bone tunnel. These results suggest a novel and positive effect of bone anabolic factors on tendon-to-bone tunnel healing. Histological evaluation confirmed absence of collagen fibers crossing the soft tissue-bone interface indicating immature graft integration as expected at this time point. Our study indicates that hydrogel-mediated delivery of BMP2 and GSK126 appears to be safe and has the potential to enhance tendon-to-bone tunnel healing in ligament reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Soreide
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Norway & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | | | | | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Lars Nordsletten
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Norway & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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