1
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Wu KP, Yan ZJ, Zhuang XX, Hua JL, Li MX, Huang K, Qi YX. Dynamic structure and function of nuclear pore protein complex: Potential roles of lipid and lamins regulated nuclear membrane curvature. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 313:144104. [PMID: 40350114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC), a massive and highly sophisticated protein assembly, forms a channel embedded in the nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells. As a critical gateway, NPC mediates the bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Here, we overview the structure and transport function of this protein complex, and highlight the selective barrier model of NPC transport functional modules. Nuclear membrane curvature (NMC) is a critical parameter for quantifying nuclear deformation. We discuss the mechanism by which NMC regulates dynamic NPC structure, function and distribution. Furthermore we highlight the role of two key factors, i.e. lipid composition and lamins distribution, in NMC and NPC dynamics while elucidating their regulatory mechanisms. The investigations on the dynamic structure and function of NPC modulated by NMC provide a new avenue for understanding the role of NPC in different pathological conditions. This knowledge could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Peng Wu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Yan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhuang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Liang Hua
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xiao Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240 Shanghai, China.
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2
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Tollervey F, Rios MU, Zagoriy E, Woodruff JB, Mahamid J. Molecular architectures of centrosomes in C. elegans embryos visualized by cryo-electron tomography. Dev Cell 2025; 60:885-900.e5. [PMID: 39721584 PMCID: PMC11948214 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes organize microtubules that are essential for mitotic divisions in animal cells. They consist of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM). Questions related to mechanisms of centriole assembly, PCM organization, and spindle microtubule formation remain unanswered, partly due to limited availability of molecular-resolution structural data inside cells. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to visualize centrosomes across the cell cycle in cells isolated from C. elegans embryos. We describe a pseudo-timeline of centriole assembly and identify distinct structural features in both mother and daughter centrioles. We find that centrioles and PCM microtubules differ in protofilament number (13 versus 11), which could be explained by atypical γ-tubulin ring complexes with 11-fold symmetry identified at the minus ends of short PCM microtubule segments. We further characterize a porous and disordered network that forms the interconnected PCM. Thus, our work builds a three-dimensional structural atlas that helps explain how centrosomes assemble, grow, and achieve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Tollervey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolo U Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Thomas LL, Bodas DM, Seydoux G. FG repeats drive co-clustering of nuclear pores and P granules in the C. elegans germline. Development 2025; 152:dev204585. [PMID: 40067309 PMCID: PMC12050070 DOI: 10.1242/dev.204585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Condensates that accumulate small RNA biogenesis factors (nuage) are common in germ cells and often associate with nuclei. In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, P granules overlay large clusters of nuclear pores and this organization has been proposed to facilitate surveillance of nascent transcripts by Argonaute proteins enriched in P granules. We report that co-clustering of nuclear pores and P granules depends on FG repeat-containing nucleoporins and FG repeats in the Vasa class helicase GLH-1. Worms with mutations that prevent this co-clustering are fertile under standard growth conditions and exhibit misregulation of only a minority of genes, including replication-dependent histones. Our observations suggest that association with nuclear pores, although non-essential for genome surveillance, may serve to tune mRNA flow through P granules and other nuage condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Thomas
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Devavrat M. Bodas
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Geraldine Seydoux
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Waldherr A, Fogtman A. Radiation symptoms resemble laminopathies and the physical underlying cause may sit at the lamin A C-terminus. Mol Med 2025; 31:69. [PMID: 39979866 PMCID: PMC11844092 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-025-01081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes three divergent effects in the human body: On one side, tissue death (= deterministic effects) sets on, on the other side, mutations and cancer growth (= stochastic effects) can occur. In recent years, the additional phenomenon of accelerated aging has come to light. In the following, we argue that these seemingly contradictory radiation responses namely: (i) increased cancer growth, (ii) ablation of cancer tissue or (iii) deterministic senescence, share an underlying cause from damage at the lamin A C-terminus. In other words, besides the typically described genomic radiation impact, we propose an additional destabilization pathway via oxidation at the nuclear envelope. We propose five concrete hypotheses that draw a direct mechanistic model from radiation damage and cellular oxidative stress, to micronuclei and clinical symptoms. In conjunction with lamin B compensation, we might be able to explain why deterministic or stochastic responses dominate. If our model holds true, a novel target for radiotherapeutics and radiooncology arises, and a rationale to closer connect laminopathy and radioprotection research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Waldherr
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team, EAC European Astronaut Center, EAC Linder Höhe, 51147, Troisdorf, Germany.
| | - Anna Fogtman
- European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team, EAC European Astronaut Center, EAC Linder Höhe, 51147, Troisdorf, Germany
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5
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Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Mistriotis P, Wisniewski EO, Si BR, Kalab P, Konstantopoulos K. Coordinated in confined migration: crosstalk between the nucleus and ion channel-mediated mechanosensation. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:809-825. [PMID: 38290913 PMCID: PMC11284253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cell surface and intracellular mechanosensors enable cells to perceive different geometric, topographical, and physical cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) localized at the cell surface and on the nuclear envelope (NE) are among the first to sense and transduce these signals. Beyond compartmentalizing the genome of the cell and its transcription, the nucleus also serves as a mechanical gauge of different physical and topographical features of the tissue microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the intricate mechanisms by which the nucleus and different ion channels regulate cell migration in confinement. We review evidence suggesting an interplay between macromolecular nuclear-cytoplasmic transport (NCT) and ionic transport across the cell membrane during confined migration. We also discuss the roles of the nucleus and ion channel-mediated mechanosensation, whether acting independently or in tandem, in orchestrating migratory mechanoresponses. Understanding nuclear and ion channel sensing, and their crosstalk, is critical to advancing our knowledge of cell migration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily O Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bishwa R Si
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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7
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Tollervey F, Rios MU, Zagoriy E, Woodruff JB, Mahamid J. Native molecular architectures of centrosomes in C. elegans embryos. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587742. [PMID: 38617234 PMCID: PMC11014625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes organize microtubules that are essential for mitotic divisions in animal cells. They consist of centrioles surrounded by Pericentriolar Material (PCM). Questions related to mechanisms of centriole assembly, PCM organization, and microtubule formation remain unanswered, in part due to limited availability of molecular-resolution structural analyses in situ. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to visualize centrosomes across the cell cycle in cells isolated from C. elegans embryos. We describe a pseudo-timeline of centriole assembly and identify distinct structural features including a cartwheel in daughter centrioles, and incomplete microtubule doublets surrounded by a star-shaped density in mother centrioles. We find that centriole and PCM microtubules differ in protofilament number (13 versus 11) indicating distinct nucleation mechanisms. This difference could be explained by atypical γ-tubulin ring complexes with 11-fold symmetry identified at the minus ends of short PCM microtubules. We further characterize a porous and disordered network that forms the interconnected PCM. Thus, our work builds a three-dimensional structural atlas that helps explain how centrosomes assemble, grow, and achieve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Tollervey
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolo U. Rios
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B. Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Lima JT, Pereira AJ, Ferreira JG. The LINC complex ensures accurate centrosome positioning during prophase. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302404. [PMID: 38228373 PMCID: PMC10791920 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate centrosome separation and positioning during early mitosis relies on force-generating mechanisms regulated by a combination of extracellular, cytoplasmic, and nuclear cues. The identity of the nuclear cues involved in this process remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how the prophase nucleus contributes to centrosome positioning during the initial stages of mitosis, using a combination of cell micropatterning, high-resolution live-cell imaging, and quantitative 3D cellular reconstruction. We show that in untransformed RPE-1 cells, centrosome positioning is regulated by a nuclear signal, independently of external cues. This nuclear mechanism relies on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex that controls the timely loading of dynein on the nuclear envelope (NE), providing spatial cues for robust centrosome positioning on the shortest nuclear axis, before nuclear envelope permeabilization. Our results demonstrate how nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling maintains a robust centrosome positioning mechanism to ensure efficient mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Mansuri S, Jain A, Singh R, Rawat S, Mondal D, Raychaudhuri S. Widespread nuclear lamina injuries defeat proteostatic purposes of α-synuclein amyloid inclusions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261935. [PMID: 38477372 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of inclusion bodies (IBs) facilitates protein quality control (PQC). Canonical aggresomes execute degradation of misfolded proteins while non-degradable amyloids sequester into insoluble protein deposits. Lewy bodies (LBs) are filamentous amyloid inclusions of α-synuclein, but PQC benefits and drawbacks associated with LB-like IBs remain underexplored. Here, we report that crosstalk between filamentous LB-like IBs and aggresome-like IBs of α-synuclein (Syn-aggresomes) buffer the load, aggregation state, and turnover of the amyloidogenic protein in mouse primary neurons and HEK293T cells. Filamentous LB-like IBs possess unorthodox PQC capacities of self-quarantining α-synuclein amyloids and being degradable upon receding fresh amyloidogenesis. Syn-aggresomes equilibrate biogenesis of filamentous LB-like IBs by facilitating spontaneous degradation of α-synuclein and conditional turnover of disintegrated α-synuclein amyloids. Thus, both types of IB primarily contribute to PQC. Incidentally, the overgrown perinuclear LB-like IBs become degenerative once these are misidentified by BICD2, a cargo-adapter for the cytosolic motor-protein dynein. Microscopy indicates that microtubules surrounding the perinuclear filamentous inclusions are also distorted, misbalancing the cytoskeleton-nucleoskeleton tension leading to widespread lamina injuries. Together, nucleocytoplasmic mixing, DNA damage, and deregulated transcription of stress chaperones defeat the proteostatic purposes of the filamentous amyloids of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemin Mansuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Aanchal Jain
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Richa Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shivali Rawat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Debodyuti Mondal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Swasti Raychaudhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar7. [PMID: 37910203 PMCID: PMC10881167 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear whether these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Odell
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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11
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Mermet S, Voisin M, Mordier J, Dubos T, Tutois S, Tuffery P, Baroux C, Tamura K, Probst AV, Vanrobays E, Tatout C. Evolutionarily conserved protein motifs drive interactions between the plant nucleoskeleton and nuclear pores. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4284-4303. [PMID: 37738557 PMCID: PMC10689174 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoskeleton forms a filamentous meshwork under the nuclear envelope and contributes to the regulation of nuclear shape and gene expression. To understand how the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) nucleoskeleton physically connects to the nuclear periphery in plants, we investigated the Arabidopsis nucleoskeleton protein KAKU4 and sought for functional regions responsible for its localization at the nuclear periphery. We identified 3 conserved peptide motifs within the N-terminal region of KAKU4, which are required for intermolecular interactions of KAKU4 with itself, interaction with the nucleoskeleton protein CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN), localization at the nuclear periphery, and nuclear elongation in differentiated tissues. Unexpectedly, we find these motifs to be present also in NUP82 and NUP136, 2 plant-specific nucleoporins from the nuclear pore basket. We further show that NUP82, NUP136, and KAKU4 have a common evolutionary history predating nonvascular land plants with KAKU4 mainly localizing outside the nuclear pore suggesting its divergence from an ancient nucleoporin into a new nucleoskeleton component. Finally, we demonstrate that both NUP82 and NUP136, through their shared N-terminal motifs, interact with CRWN and KAKU4 proteins revealing the existence of a physical continuum between the nuclear pore and the nucleoskeleton in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mermet
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maxime Voisin
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joris Mordier
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tristan Dubos
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Tuffery
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM ERL U1133, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Célia Baroux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aline V Probst
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Veldsink AC, Gallardo P, Lusk CP, Veenhoff LM. Changing the guard-nuclear pore complex quality control. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2739-2749. [PMID: 37715940 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the nuclear envelope depends on the function of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), transport channels that control macromolecular traffic between the nucleus and cytosol. The central importance of NPCs suggests the existence of quality control (QC) mechanisms that oversee their assembly and function. In this perspective, we emphasize the challenges associated with NPC assembly and the need for QC mechanisms that operate at various stages of an NPC's life. This includes cytosolic preassembly QC that helps enforce key nucleoporin-nucleoporin interactions and their ultimate stoichiometry in the NPC in addition to mechanisms that monitor aberrant fusion of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Furthermore, we discuss whether and how these QC mechanisms may operate to sense faulty mature NPCs to facilitate their repair or removal. The so far uncovered mechanisms for NPC QC provide fertile ground for future research that not only benefits a better understanding of the vital role that NPCs play in cellular physiology but also how loss of NPC function and/or these QC mechanisms might be an input to aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek C Veldsink
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Gallardo
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - C Patrick Lusk
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, New Haven, USA
| | - Liesbeth M Veenhoff
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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13
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543154. [PMID: 37398420 PMCID: PMC10312578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear if these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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Theiss M, Hériché JK, Russell C, Helekal D, Soppitt A, Ries J, Ellenberg J, Brazma A, Uhlmann V. Simulating structurally variable nuclear pore complexes for microscopy. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad587. [PMID: 37756700 PMCID: PMC10570993 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the only passageway for macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm, and an important reference standard in microscopy: it is massive and stereotypically arranged. The average architecture of NPC proteins has been resolved with pseudoatomic precision, however observed NPC heterogeneities evidence a high degree of divergence from this average. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) images NPCs at protein-level resolution, whereupon image analysis software studies NPC variability. However, the true picture of this variability is unknown. In quantitative image analysis experiments, it is thus difficult to distinguish intrinsically high SMLM noise from variability of the underlying structure. RESULTS We introduce CIR4MICS ('ceramics', Configurable, Irregular Rings FOR MICroscopy Simulations), a pipeline that synthesizes ground truth datasets of structurally variable NPCs based on architectural models of the true NPC. Users can select one or more N- or C-terminally tagged NPC proteins, and simulate a wide range of geometric variations. We also represent the NPC as a spring-model such that arbitrary deforming forces, of user-defined magnitudes, simulate irregularly shaped variations. Further, we provide annotated reference datasets of simulated human NPCs, which facilitate a side-by-side comparison with real data. To demonstrate, we synthetically replicate a geometric analysis of real NPC radii and reveal that a range of simulated variability parameters can lead to observed results. Our simulator is therefore valuable to test the capabilities of image analysis methods, as well as to inform experimentalists about the requirements of hypothesis-driven imaging studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Code: https://github.com/uhlmanngroup/cir4mics. Simulated data: BioStudies S-BSST1058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theiss
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Karim Hériché
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Craig Russell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - David Helekal
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Mathematics for Real-World Systems, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alisdair Soppitt
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Modelling of Heterogeneous Systems, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Uhlmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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Zhou J, Corvaisier M, Malycheva D, Alvarado-Kristensson M. Hubbing the Cancer Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5924. [PMID: 36497405 PMCID: PMC9738523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation drives adaptive changes in a growing tumor that affect the cellular organization of cancerous cells, resulting in the loss of specialized cellular functions in the polarized compartmentalization of cells. The resulting altered metabolic and morphological patterns are used clinically as diagnostic markers. This review recapitulates the known functions of actin, microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork in orchestrating cell metabolism and functional cellular asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö 1, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Duplication and Segregation of Centrosomes during Cell Division. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152445. [PMID: 35954289 PMCID: PMC9367774 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During its division the cell must ensure the equal distribution of its genetic material in the two newly created cells, but it must also distribute organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, the mitochondria and the centrosome. DNA, the carrier of heredity, located in the nucleus of the cell, has made it possible to define the main principles that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. The cell cycle, which includes interphase and mitosis, is essentially a nuclear cycle, or a DNA cycle, since the interphase stages names (G1, S, G2) phases are based on processes that occur exclusively with DNA. However, centrosome duplication and segregation are two equally important events for the two new cells that must inherit a single centrosome. The centrosome, long considered the center of the cell, is made up of two small cylinders, the centrioles, made up of microtubules modified to acquire a very high stability. It is the main nucleation center of microtubules in the cell. Apart from a few exceptions, each cell in G1 phase has only one centrosome, consisting in of two centrioles and pericentriolar materials (PCM), which must be duplicated before the cell divides so that the two new cells formed inherit a single centrosome. The centriole is also the origin of the primary cilia, motile cilia and flagella of some cells.
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17
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The Nuclear Envelope as a Regulator of Immune Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840069. [PMID: 35757775 PMCID: PMC9226455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of the nuclear envelope (NE) was that it represented a relatively inert physical barrier within the cell, whose main purpose was to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, recent research suggests that this is far from the case, with new and important cellular functions being attributed to this organelle. In this review we describe research suggesting an important contribution of the NE and its constituents in regulating the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the standout properties of immune cells is their ability to migrate around the body, allowing them to carry out their physiological/pathophysiology cellular role at the appropriate location. This together with the physiological role of the tissue, changes in tissue matrix composition due to disease and aging, and the activation status of the immune cell, all result in immune cells being subjected to different mechanical forces. We report research which suggests that the NE may be an important sensor/transducer of these mechanical signals and propose that the NE is an integrator of both mechanical and chemical signals, allowing the cells of the innate immune system to precisely regulate gene transcription and functionality. By presenting this overview we hope to stimulate the interests of researchers into this often-overlooked organelle and propose it should join the ranks of mitochondria and phagosome, which are important organelles contributing to immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selezneva
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Nuclear lamin isoforms differentially contribute to LINC complex-dependent nucleocytoskeletal coupling and whole-cell mechanics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121816119. [PMID: 35439057 PMCID: PMC9170021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121816119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the cell nucleus and cytoskeleton regulate cell mechanics and are facilitated by the interplay between the nuclear lamina and linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. To date, the specific contribution of the four lamin isoforms to nucleocytoskeletal connectivity and whole-cell mechanics remains unknown. We discover that A- and B-type lamins distinctively interact with LINC complexes that bind F-actin and vimentin filaments to differentially modulate cortical stiffness, cytoplasmic stiffness, and contractility of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We propose and experimentally verify an integrated lamin–LINC complex–cytoskeleton model that explains cellular mechanical phenotypes in lamin-deficient MEFs. Our findings uncover potential mechanisms for cellular defects in human laminopathies and many cancers associated with mutations or modifications in lamin isoforms. The ability of a cell to regulate its mechanical properties is central to its function. Emerging evidence suggests that interactions between the cell nucleus and cytoskeleton influence cell mechanics through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we conduct quantitative confocal imaging to show that the loss of A-type lamins tends to increase nuclear and cellular volume while the loss of B-type lamins behaves in the opposite manner. We use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, atomic force microscopy, optical tweezer microrheology, and traction force microscopy to demonstrate that A-type lamins engage with both F-actin and vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes to modulate cortical and cytoplasmic stiffness as well as cellular contractility in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In contrast, we show that B-type lamins predominantly interact with VIFs through LINC complexes to regulate cytoplasmic stiffness and contractility. We then propose a physical model mediated by the lamin–LINC complex that explains these distinct mechanical phenotypes (mechanophenotypes). To verify this model, we use dominant negative constructs and RNA interference to disrupt the LINC complexes that facilitate the interaction of the nucleus with the F-actin and VIF cytoskeletons and show that the loss of these elements results in mechanophenotypes like those observed in MEFs that lack A- or B-type lamin isoforms. Finally, we demonstrate that the loss of each lamin isoform softens the cell nucleus and enhances constricted cell migration but in turn increases migration-induced DNA damage. Together, our findings uncover distinctive roles for each of the four major lamin isoforms in maintaining nucleocytoskeletal interactions and cellular mechanics.
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19
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Mechanisms of A-Type Lamin Targeting to Nuclear Ruptures Are Disrupted in LMNA- and BANF1-Associated Progerias. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050865. [PMID: 35269487 PMCID: PMC8909658 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes LMNA and BANF1 can lead to accelerated aging syndromes called progeria. The protein products of these genes, A-type lamins and BAF, respectively, are nuclear envelope (NE) proteins that interact and participate in various cellular processes, including nuclear envelope rupture and repair. BAF localizes to sites of nuclear rupture and recruits NE-repair machinery, including the LEM-domain proteins, ESCRT-III complex, A-type lamins, and membranes. Here, we show that it is a mobile, nucleoplasmic population of A-type lamins that is rapidly recruited to ruptures in a BAF-dependent manner via BAF’s association with the Ig-like β fold domain of A-type lamins. These initially mobile lamins become progressively stabilized at the site of rupture. Farnesylated prelamin A and lamin B1 fail to localize to nuclear ruptures, unless that farnesylation is inhibited. Progeria-associated LMNA mutations inhibit the recruitment affected A-type lamin to nuclear ruptures, due to either permanent farnesylation or inhibition of BAF binding. A progeria-associated BAF mutant targets to nuclear ruptures but is unable to recruit A-type lamins. Together, these data reveal the mechanisms that determine how lamins respond to nuclear ruptures and how progeric mutations of LMNA and BANF1 impair recruitment of A-type lamins to nuclear ruptures.
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20
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Cheng J, Allgeyer ES, Richens JH, Dzafic E, Palandri A, Lewków B, Sirinakis G, St Johnston D. A single-molecule localization microscopy method for tissues reveals nonrandom nuclear pore distribution in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259570. [PMID: 34806753 PMCID: PMC8729783 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can provide nanoscale resolution in thin samples but has rarely been applied to tissues because of high background from out-of-focus emitters and optical aberrations. Here, we describe a line scanning microscope that provides optical sectioning for SMLM in tissues. Imaging endogenously-tagged nucleoporins and F-actin on this system using DNA- and peptide-point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) routinely gives 30 nm resolution or better at depths greater than 20 µm. This revealed that the nuclear pores are nonrandomly distributed in most Drosophila tissues, in contrast to what is seen in cultured cells. Lamin Dm0 shows a complementary localization to the nuclear pores, suggesting that it corrals the pores. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the tissue-specific Lamin C causes the nuclear pores to distribute more randomly, whereas lamin C mutants enhance nuclear pore clustering, particularly in muscle nuclei. Given that nucleoporins interact with specific chromatin domains, nuclear pore clustering could regulate local chromatin organization and contribute to the disease phenotypes caused by human lamin A/C laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Cheng
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Edward S. Allgeyer
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Richens
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Edo Dzafic
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Amandine Palandri
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Bohdan Lewków
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - George Sirinakis
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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21
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Charar C, Metsuyanim-Cohen S, Bar DZ. Lamin regulates the dietary restriction response via the mTOR pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272061. [PMID: 34383046 PMCID: PMC8445603 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals subjected to dietary restriction (DR) have reduced body size, low fecundity, slower development, lower fat content and longer life span. We identified lamin as a regulator of multiple dietary restriction phenotypes. Downregulation of lmn-1, the single Caenorhabditis elegans lamin gene, increased animal size and fat content specifically in DR animals. The LMN-1 protein acts in the mTOR pathway, upstream of RAPTOR and S6 kinase β1 (S6K), a key component of and target of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), respectively. DR excludes the mTORC1 activator RAGC-1 from the nucleus. Downregulation of lmn-1 restores RAGC-1 to the nucleus, a necessary step for the activation of the mTOR pathway. These findings further link lamin to metabolic regulation. Summary: Downregulation of the single C. elegans lamin gene increases animal size and fat content specifically in dietary restricted animals. The lamin protein acts in the mTOR pathway to regulate these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayki Charar
- The School of Dental Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Z Bar
- The School of Dental Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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22
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Chen NY, Kim PH, Tu Y, Yang Y, Heizer PJ, Young SG, Fong LG. Increased expression of LAP2β eliminates nuclear membrane ruptures in nuclear lamin-deficient neurons and fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107770118. [PMID: 34161290 PMCID: PMC8237679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107770118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects or deficiencies in nuclear lamins cause pathology in many cell types, and recent studies have implicated nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures as a cause of cell toxicity. We previously observed NM ruptures and progressive cell death in the developing brain of lamin B1-deficient mouse embryos. We also observed frequent NM ruptures and DNA damage in nuclear lamin-deficient fibroblasts. Factors modulating susceptibility to NM ruptures remain unclear, but we noted low levels of LAP2β, a chromatin-binding inner NM protein, in fibroblasts with NM ruptures. Here, we explored the apparent link between LAP2β and NM ruptures in nuclear lamin-deficient neurons and fibroblasts, and we tested whether manipulating LAP2β expression levels would alter NM rupture frequency. In cortical plate neurons of lamin B1-deficient embryos, we observed a strong correlation between low LAP2β levels and NM ruptures. We also found low LAP2β levels and frequent NM ruptures in neurons of cultured Lmnb1-/- neurospheres. Reducing LAP2β expression in Lmnb1-/- neurons with an siRNA markedly increased the NM rupture frequency (without affecting NM rupture duration), whereas increased LAP2β expression eliminated NM ruptures and reduced DNA damage. Consistent findings were observed in nuclear lamin-deficient fibroblasts. Reduced LAP2β expression increased NM ruptures, whereas increased LAP2β expression virtually abolished NM ruptures. Increased LAP2β expression nearly abolished NM ruptures in cells subjected to mechanical stress (an intervention that increases NM ruptures). Our studies showed that increasing LAP2β expression bolsters NM integrity in nuclear lamin-deficient cells and markedly reduces NM rupture frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Paul H Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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23
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Kittisopikul M, Shimi T, Tatli M, Tran JR, Zheng Y, Medalia O, Jaqaman K, Adam SA, Goldman RD. Computational analyses reveal spatial relationships between nuclear pore complexes and specific lamins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202007082. [PMID: 33570570 PMCID: PMC7883741 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamin isoforms form fibrous meshworks associated with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Using datasets prepared from subpixel and segmentation analyses of 3D-structured illumination microscopy images of WT and lamin isoform knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts, we determined with high precision the spatial association of NPCs with specific lamin isoform fibers. These relationships are retained in the enlarged lamin meshworks of Lmna-/- and Lmnb1-/- fibroblast nuclei. Cryo-ET observations reveal that the lamin filaments composing the fibers contact the nucleoplasmic ring of NPCs. Knockdown of the ring-associated nucleoporin ELYS induces NPC clusters that exclude lamin A/C fibers but include LB1 and LB2 fibers. Knockdown of the nucleoporin TPR or NUP153 alters the arrangement of lamin fibers and NPCs. Evidence that the number of NPCs is regulated by specific lamin isoforms is presented. Overall the results demonstrate that lamin isoforms and nucleoporins act together to maintain the normal organization of lamin meshworks and NPCs within the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kittisopikul
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Cell Biology Center and World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Meltem Tatli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Riley Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen A. Adam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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24
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Patil S, Sengupta K. Role of A- and B-type lamins in nuclear structure-function relationships. Biol Cell 2021; 113:295-310. [PMID: 33638183 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins that form a filamentous meshwork beneath the inner nuclear membrane. Additionally, a sub-population of A- and B-type lamins localizes in the nuclear interior. The nuclear lamina protects the nucleus from mechanical stress and mediates nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling. Lamins form a scaffold that partially tethers chromatin at the nuclear envelope. The nuclear lamina also stabilises protein-protein interactions involved in gene regulation and DNA repair. The lamin-based protein sub-complexes are implicated in both nuclear and cytoskeletal organisation, the mechanical stability of the nucleus, genome organisation, transcriptional regulation, genome stability and cellular differentiation. Here, we review recent research on nuclear lamins and unique roles of A- and B-type lamins in modulating various nuclear processes and their impact on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Patil
- Biology, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Biology, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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25
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Cell stretchers and the LINC complex in mechanotransduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 702:108829. [PMID: 33716002 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How cells respond to mechanical forces from the surrounding environment is critical for cell survival and function. The LINC complex is a central component in the mechanotransduction pathway that transmits mechanical information from the cell surface to the nucleus. Through LINC complex functionality, the nucleus is able to respond to mechanical stress by altering nuclear structure, chromatin organization, and gene expression. The use of specialized devices that apply mechanical strain to cells have been central to investigating how mechanotransduction occurs, how cells respond to mechanical stress, and the role of the LINC complexes in these processes. A large variety of designs have been reported for these devices, with the most common type being cell stretchers. Here we highlight some of the salient features of cell stretchers and suggest some key parameters that should be considered when using these devices. We provide a brief overview of how the LINC complexes contribute to the cellular responses to mechanical strain. And finally, we suggest that stretchers may be a useful tool to study aging.
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26
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Drosophila female germline stem cells undergo mitosis without nuclear breakdown. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1450-1462.e3. [PMID: 33548191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell homeostasis requires nuclear lamina (NL) integrity. In Drosophila germ cells, compromised NL integrity activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) checkpoint kinases, blocking germ cell differentiation and causing germline stem cell (GSC) loss. Checkpoint activation occurs upon loss of either the NL protein emerin or its partner barrier-to-autointegration factor, two proteins required for nuclear reassembly at the end of mitosis. Here, we examined how mitosis contributes to NL structural defects linked to checkpoint activation. These analyses led to the unexpected discovery that wild-type female GSCs utilize a non-canonical mode of mitosis, one that retains a permeable but intact nuclear envelope and NL. We show that the interphase NL is remodeled during mitosis for insertion of centrosomes that nucleate the mitotic spindle within the confines of the nucleus. We show that depletion or loss of NL components causes mitotic defects, including compromised chromosome segregation associated with altered centrosome positioning and structure. Further, in emerin mutant GSCs, centrosomes remain embedded in the interphase NL. Notably, these embedded centrosomes carry large amounts of pericentriolar material and nucleate astral microtubules, revealing a role for emerin in the regulation of centrosome structure. Epistasis studies demonstrate that defects in centrosome structure are upstream of checkpoint activation, suggesting that these centrosome defects might trigger checkpoint activation and GSC loss. Connections between NL proteins and centrosome function have implications for mechanisms associated with NL dysfunction in other stem cell populations, including NL-associated diseases, such as laminopathies.
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Liao H, Qi Y, Ye Y, Yue P, Zhang D, Li Y. Mechanotranduction Pathways in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625089. [PMID: 33553165 PMCID: PMC7858659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial homeostasis is necessary for the maintenance of normal heart function. Mitochondria perform four major biological processes in cardiomyocytes: mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic regulation, Ca2+ handling, and redox generation. Additionally, the cardiovascular system is quite sensitive in responding to changes in mechanical stress from internal and external environments. Several mechanotransduction pathways are involved in regulating the physiological and pathophysiological status of cardiomyocytes. Typically, the extracellular matrix generates a stress-loading gradient, which can be sensed by sensors located in cellular membranes, including biophysical and biochemical sensors. In subsequent stages, stress stimulation would regulate the transcription of mitochondrial related genes through intracellular transduction pathways. Emerging evidence reveals that mechanotransduction pathways have greatly impacted the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Excessive mechanical stress loading contributes to impairing mitochondrial function, leading to cardiac disorder. Therefore, the concept of restoring mitochondrial function by shutting down the excessive mechanotransduction pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, viral and non-viral protocols have shown potentials in application of gene therapy. This review examines the biological process of mechanotransduction pathways in regulating mitochondrial function in response to mechanical stress during the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. We also summarize gene therapy delivery protocols to explore treatments based on mechanical stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, to provide new integrative insights into cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yida Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tran JR, Paulson DI, Moresco JJ, Adam SA, Yates JR, Goldman RD, Zheng Y. An APEX2 proximity ligation method for mapping interactions with the nuclear lamina. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202002129. [PMID: 33306092 PMCID: PMC7737704 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) is a meshwork found beneath the inner nuclear membrane. The study of the NL is hindered by the insolubility of the meshwork and has driven the development of proximity ligation methods to identify the NL-associated/proximal proteins, RNA, and DNA. To simplify and improve temporal labeling, we fused APEX2 to the NL protein lamin-B1 to map proteins, RNA, and DNA. The identified NL-interacting/proximal RNAs show a long 3' UTR bias, a finding consistent with an observed bias toward longer 3' UTRs in genes deregulated in lamin-null cells. A C-rich motif was identified in these 3' UTR. Our APEX2-based proteomics identifies a C-rich motif binding regulatory protein that exhibits altered localization in lamin-null cells. Finally, we use APEX2 to map lamina-associated domains (LADs) during the cell cycle and uncover short, H3K27me3-rich variable LADs. Thus, the APEX2-based tools presented here permit identification of proteomes, transcriptomes, and genome elements associated with or proximal to the NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Tran
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Danielle I. Paulson
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD
- Horace Mann School, The Bronx, NY
| | - James J. Moresco
- The Scripps Research Institution, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stephen A. Adam
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Chicago, IL
| | - John R. Yates
- The Scripps Research Institution, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Chicago, IL
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD
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Chen NY, Kim PH, Fong LG, Young SG. Nuclear membrane ruptures, cell death, and tissue damage in the setting of nuclear lamin deficiencies. Nucleus 2020; 11:237-249. [PMID: 32910721 PMCID: PMC7529418 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1815410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear membranes function as a barrier to separate the cell nucleus from the cytoplasm, but this barrier can be compromised by nuclear membrane ruptures, leading to intermixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Spontaneous nuclear membrane ruptures (i.e., ruptures occurring in the absence of mechanical stress) have been observed in cultured cells, but they are more frequent in the setting of defects or deficiencies in nuclear lamins and when cells are subjected to mechanical stress. Nuclear membrane ruptures in cultured cells have been linked to DNA damage, but the relevance of ruptures to developmental or physiologic processes in vivo has received little attention. Recently, we addressed that issue by examining neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex, a developmental process that subjects the cell nucleus to mechanical stress. In the setting of lamin B1 deficiency, we observed frequent nuclear membrane ruptures in migrating neurons in the developing cerebral cortex and showed that those ruptures are likely the cause of observed DNA damage, neuronal cell death, and profound neuropathology. In this review, we discuss the physiologic relevance of nuclear membrane ruptures, with a focus on migrating neurons in cell culture and in the cerebral cortex of genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul H. Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loren G. Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Yue P, Xia S, Wu G, Liu L, Zhou K, Liao H, Li J, Zheng X, Guo Y, Hua Y, Zhang D, Li Y. Attenuation of Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via Depletion Myh7 using CASAAV. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:255-264. [PMID: 33098074 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myh7 is a classic biomarker for cardiac remodeling and a potential target to attenuate cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy. This study aimed to identify the dominant function of Myh7 after birth and determine whether its removal would affect CM maturation or contribute to reversal of pathological hypertrophy phenotypes. The CASAAV (CRISPR/Cas9-AAV9-based somatic mutagenesis) technique was used to deplete Myh6 and Myh7, and an AAV dosage of 5 × 109 vg/g was used to generate a mosaic CM depletion model to explore the function of Myh7 in adulthood. CM hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in Rosa26Cas9-P2A-GFP mice at postnatal day 28 (PND28). Heart function was measured by echocardiography. Isolated CMs and in situ imaging were used to analyze the structure and morphology of CM. We discovered that CASAAV successfully silenced Myh6 and Myh7 in CMs, and early depletion of Myh7 led to mild adulthood lethality. However, the Myh7 PND28-knockout mice had normal heart phenotype and function, with normal cellular size and normal organization of sarcomeres and T-tubules. The TAC mice also received AAV-Myh7-Cre to produce Myh7-knockout CMs, which were also of normal size, and echocardiography demonstrated a reversal of cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, Myh7 has a role during the maturation period but rarely functions in adulthood. Thus, the therapeutic time should exceed the period of maturation. These results confirm Myh7 as a potential therapeutic target and indicate that its inhibition could help reverse CM hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shutao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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31
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Alvarado-Kristensson M. Choreography of the centrosome. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03238. [PMID: 31989056 PMCID: PMC6970175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a century ago, the centrosome was discovered and described as “the true division organ of the cell”. Electron microscopy revealed that a centrosome is an amorphous structure or pericentriolar protein matrix that surrounds a pair of well-organized centrioles. Today, the importance of the centrosome as a microtubule-organizing center and coordinator of the mitotic spindle is questioned, because centrioles are absent in up to half of all known eukaryotic species, and various mechanisms for acentrosomal microtubule nucleation have been described. This review recapitulates the known functions of centrosome movements in cellular homeostasis and discusses knowledge gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE-20502, Sweden
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32
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Guo Y, Jardin BD, Zhou P, Sethi I, Akerberg BN, Toepfer CN, Ai Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Guatimosim S, Hu Y, Varuzhanyan G, VanDusen NJ, Zhang D, Chan DC, Yuan GC, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT. Hierarchical and stage-specific regulation of murine cardiomyocyte maturation by serum response factor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3837. [PMID: 30242271 PMCID: PMC6155060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, cardiomyocytes (CM) acquire numerous adaptations in order to efficiently pump blood throughout an animal's lifespan. How this maturation process is regulated and coordinated is poorly understood. Here, we perform a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in mice and identify serum response factor (SRF) as a key regulator of CM maturation. Mosaic SRF depletion in neonatal CMs disrupts many aspects of their maturation, including sarcomere expansion, mitochondrial biogenesis, transverse-tubule formation, and cellular hypertrophy. Maintenance of maturity in adult CMs is less dependent on SRF. This stage-specific activity is associated with developmentally regulated SRF chromatin occupancy and transcriptional regulation. SRF directly activates genes that regulate sarcomere assembly and mitochondrial dynamics. Perturbation of sarcomere assembly but not mitochondrial dynamics recapitulates SRF knockout phenotypes. SRF overexpression also perturbs CM maturation. Together, these data indicate that carefully balanced SRF activity is essential to promote CM maturation through a hierarchy of cellular processes orchestrated by sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Blake D Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yulan Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yongwu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wenzhou Medical University, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Grigor Varuzhanyan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Fibroblasts lacking nuclear lamins do not have nuclear blebs or protrusions but nevertheless have frequent nuclear membrane ruptures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10100-10105. [PMID: 30224463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812622115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina, an intermediate filament meshwork lining the inner nuclear membrane, is formed by the nuclear lamins (lamins A, C, B1, and B2). Defects or deficiencies in individual nuclear lamin proteins have been reported to elicit nuclear blebs (protrusions or outpouchings of the nuclear envelope) and increase susceptibility for nuclear membrane ruptures. It is unclear, however, how a complete absence of nuclear lamins would affect nuclear envelope morphology and nuclear membrane integrity (i.e., whether nuclear membrane blebs or protrusions would occur and, if not, whether cells would be susceptible to nuclear membrane ruptures). To address these issues, we generated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking all nuclear lamins. The nuclear lamin-deficient MEFs had irregular nuclear shapes but no nuclear blebs or protrusions. Despite a virtual absence of nuclear blebs, MEFs lacking nuclear lamins had frequent, prolonged, and occasionally nonhealing nuclear membrane ruptures. By transmission electron microscopy, the inner nuclear membrane in nuclear lamin-deficient MEFs have a "wavy" appearance, and there were discrete discontinuities in the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Nuclear membrane ruptures were accompanied by a large increase in DNA damage, as judged by γ-H2AX foci. Mechanical stress increased both nuclear membrane ruptures and DNA damage, whereas minimizing transmission of cytoskeletal forces to the nucleus had the opposite effects.
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34
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Shevelyov YY, Ulianov SV. Role of Nuclear Lamina in Gene Repression and Maintenance of Chromosome Architecture in the Nucleus. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:359-369. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Robijns J, Houthaeve G, Braeckmans K, De Vos WH. Loss of Nuclear Envelope Integrity in Aging and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 336:205-222. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Nuclear pore complex tethers to the cytoskeleton. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:52-58. [PMID: 28676424 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is tethered to the cytoskeleton. The best known attachments of all elements of the cytoskeleton are via the so-called LINC complex. However, the nuclear pore complexes, which mediate the transport of soluble and membrane bound molecules, are also linked to the microtubule network, primarily via motor proteins (dynein and kinesins) which are linked, most importantly, to the cytoplasmic filament protein of the nuclear pore complex, Nup358, by the adaptor BicD2. The evidence for such linkages and possible roles in nuclear migration, cell cycle control, nuclear transport and cell architecture are discussed.
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Guo Y, VanDusen NJ, Zhang L, Gu W, Sethi I, Guatimosim S, Ma Q, Jardin BD, Ai Y, Zhang D, Chen B, Guo A, Yuan GC, Song LS, Pu WT. Analysis of Cardiac Myocyte Maturation Using CASAAV, a Platform for Rapid Dissection of Cardiac Myocyte Gene Function In Vivo. Circ Res 2017; 120:1874-1888. [PMID: 28356340 PMCID: PMC5466492 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Loss-of-function studies in cardiac myocytes (CMs) are currently limited by the need for appropriate conditional knockout alleles. The factors that regulate CM maturation are poorly understood. Previous studies on CM maturation have been confounded by heart dysfunction caused by whole organ gene inactivation. OBJECTIVE To develop a new technical platform to rapidly characterize cell-autonomous gene function in postnatal murine CMs and apply it to identify genes that regulate transverse tubules (T-tubules), a hallmark of mature CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed CRISPR/Cas9/AAV9-based somatic mutagenesis, a platform in which AAV9 delivers tandem guide RNAs targeting a gene of interest and cardiac troponin-T promoter-driven Cre to RosaCas9GFP/Cas9GFP neonatal mice. When directed against junctophilin-2 (Jph2), a gene previously implicated in T-tubule maturation, we achieved efficient, rapid, and CM-specific JPH2 depletion. High-dose AAV9 ablated JPH2 in 64% CMs and caused lethal heart failure, whereas low-dose AAV9 ablated JPH2 in 22% CMs and preserved normal heart function. In the context of preserved heart function, CMs lacking JPH2 developed T-tubules that were nearly morphologically normal, indicating that JPH2 does not have a major, cell-autonomous role in T-tubule maturation. However, in hearts with severe dysfunction, both adeno-associated virus-transduced and nontransduced CMs exhibited T-tubule disruption, which was more severe in the transduced subset. These data indicate that cardiac dysfunction disrupts T-tubule structure and that JPH2 protects T-tubules in this context. We then used CRISPR/Cas9/AAV9-based somatic mutagenesis to screen 8 additional genes for required, cell-autonomous roles in T-tubule formation. We identified RYR2 (Ryanodine Receptor-2) as a novel, cell-autonomously required T-tubule maturation factor. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR/Cas9/AAV9-based somatic mutagenesis is a powerful tool to study cell-autonomous gene functions. Genetic mosaics are invaluable to accurately define cell-autonomous gene function. JPH2 has a minor role in normal T-tubule maturation but is required to stabilize T-tubules in the failing heart. RYR2 is a novel T-tubule maturation factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Lina Zhang
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Weiliang Gu
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Isha Sethi
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Qing Ma
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Blake D Jardin
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Yulan Ai
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Donghui Zhang
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Biyi Chen
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Ang Guo
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - William T Pu
- From the Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., Q.M., B.D.J., Y.A., D.Z., W.T.P.); Institute of Basic Medicine (L.Z.) and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (W.G.), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (I.S., G.-C.Y.); Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (S.G.); Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (B.C., A.G., L.-S.S.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City (L.-S.S.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
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Galdos FX, Guo Y, Paige SL, VanDusen NJ, Wu SM, Pu WT. Cardiac Regeneration: Lessons From Development. Circ Res 2017; 120:941-959. [PMID: 28302741 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palliative surgery for congenital heart disease has allowed patients with previously lethal heart malformations to survive and, in most cases, to thrive. However, these procedures often place pressure and volume loads on the heart, and over time, these chronic loads can cause heart failure. Current therapeutic options for initial surgery and chronic heart failure that results from failed palliation are limited, in part, by the mammalian heart's low inherent capacity to form new cardiomyocytes. Surmounting the heart regeneration barrier would transform the treatment of congenital, as well as acquired, heart disease and likewise would enable development of personalized, in vitro cardiac disease models. Although these remain distant goals, studies of heart development are illuminating the path forward and suggest unique opportunities for heart regeneration, particularly in fetal and neonatal periods. Here, we review major lessons from heart development that inform current and future studies directed at enhancing cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Galdos
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sharon L Paige
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
| | - William T Pu
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (Y.G., N.J.V., W.T.P.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (S.L.P.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.M.W.), and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (F.X.G., S.L.P., S.M.W.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).
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Gigante CM, Dibattista M, Dong FN, Zheng X, Yue S, Young SG, Reisert J, Zheng Y, Zhao H. Lamin B1 is required for mature neuron-specific gene expression during olfactory sensory neuron differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15098. [PMID: 28425486 PMCID: PMC5411488 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
B-type lamins are major constituents of the nuclear lamina in all metazoan cells, yet have specific roles in the development of certain cell types. Although they are speculated to regulate gene expression in developmental contexts, a direct link between B-type lamins and developmental gene expression in an in vivo system is currently lacking. Here, we identify lamin B1 as a key regulator of gene expression required for the formation of functional olfactory sensory neurons. By using targeted knockout in olfactory epithelial stem cells in adult mice, we show that lamin B1 deficient neurons exhibit attenuated response to odour stimulation. This deficit can be explained by decreased expression of genes involved in mature neuron function, along with increased expression of genes atypical of the olfactory lineage. These results support that the broadly expressed lamin B1 regulates expression of a subset of genes involved in the differentiation of a specific cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Gigante
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari ‘A. Moro', Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Frederick N. Dong
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sibiao Yue
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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40
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Tran JR, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Lamin-B1 contributes to the proper timing of epicardial cell migration and function during embryonic heart development. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3956-3963. [PMID: 27798236 PMCID: PMC5156536 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin proteins form a meshwork beneath the nuclear envelope and contribute to many different cellular processes. Mutations in lamins cause defective organogenesis in mouse models and human diseases that affect adipose tissue, brain, skeletal muscle, and the heart. In vitro cell culture studies have shown that lamins help maintain nuclear shape and facilitate cell migration. However, whether these defects contribute to improper tissue building in vivo requires further clarification. By studying the heart epicardium during embryogenesis, we show that Lb1-null epicardial cells exhibit in vivo and in vitro migratory delay. Transcriptome analyses of these cells suggest that Lb1 influences the expression of cell adhesion genes, which could affect cell migration during epicardium development. These epicardial defects are consistent with incomplete development of both vascular smooth muscle and compact myocardium at later developmental stages in Lb1-null embryos. Further, we found that Lb1-null epicardial cells have a delayed nuclear morphology change in vivo, suggesting that Lb1 facilitates morphological changes associated with migration. These findings suggest that Lb1 contributes to nuclear shape maintenance and migration of epicardial cells and highlights the use of these cells for in vitro and in vivo study of these classic cell biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
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41
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van Ree JH, Nam HJ, van Deursen JM. Mitotic kinase cascades orchestrating timely disjunction and movement of centrosomes maintain chromosomal stability and prevent cancer. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:67-76. [PMID: 26615533 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers that duplicate in S phase to form bipolar spindles that separate duplicated chromosomes faithfully into two daughter cells during cell division. Recent studies show that proper timing of centrosome dynamics, the disjunction and movement of centrosomes, is tightly linked to spindle symmetry, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and chromosome segregation. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate centrosome dynamics, with emphasis on the roles of key mitotic kinases in the proper timing of centrosome dynamics and how aberrancies in these processes may cause chromosomal instability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine H van Ree
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hyun-Ja Nam
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Intermediate Filaments as Organizers of Cellular Space: How They Affect Mitochondrial Structure and Function. Cells 2016; 5:cells5030030. [PMID: 27399781 PMCID: PMC5040972 DOI: 10.3390/cells5030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments together with actin filaments and microtubules form the cytoskeleton, which is a complex and highly dynamic 3D network. Intermediate filaments are the major mechanical stress protectors but also affect cell growth, differentiation, signal transduction, and migration. Using intermediate filament-mitochondrial crosstalk as a prominent example, this review emphasizes the importance of intermediate filaments as crucial organizers of cytoplasmic space to support these functions. We summarize observations in different mammalian cell types which demonstrate how intermediate filaments influence mitochondrial morphology, subcellular localization, and function through direct and indirect interactions and how perturbations of these interactions may lead to human diseases.
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43
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Abstract
Size and shape are important aspects of nuclear structure. While normal cells maintain nuclear size within a defined range, altered nuclear size and shape are associated with a variety of diseases. It is unknown if altered nuclear morphology contributes to pathology, and answering this question requires a better understanding of the mechanisms that control nuclear size and shape. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate nuclear morphology, focusing on nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear lamins, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell cycle, and potential links between nuclear size and size regulation of other organelles. We then discuss the functional significance of nuclear morphology in the context of early embryonic development. Looking toward the future, we review new experimental approaches that promise to provide new insights into mechanisms of nuclear size control, in particular microfluidic-based technologies, and discuss how altered nuclear morphology might impact chromatin organization and physiology of diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richik N Mukherjee
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
| | - Pan Chen
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
| | - Daniel L Levy
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
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Jahed Z, Soheilypour M, Peyro M, Mofrad MRK. The LINC and NPC relationship – it's complicated! J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3219-29. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The genetic information of eukaryotic cells is enclosed within a double-layered nuclear envelope, which comprises an inner and outer nuclear membrane. Several transmembrane proteins locate to the nuclear envelope; however, only two integral protein complexes span the nuclear envelope and connect the inside of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) acts as a gateway for molecular exchange between the interior of the nucleus and the cytoplasm, whereas so-called LINC complexes physically link the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton. In this Commentary, we will discuss recent studies that have established direct functional associations between these two complexes. The assembly of NPCs and their even distribution throughout the nuclear envelope is dependent on components of the LINC complex. Additionally, LINC complex formation is dependent on the successful localization of inner nuclear membrane components of LINC complexes and their transport through the NPC. Furthermore, the architecture of the nuclear envelope depends on both protein complexes. Finally, we will present recent evidence showing that LINC complexes can affect nucleo-cytoplasmic transport through the NPC, further highlighting the importance of understanding the associations of these essential complexes at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mohammad Soheilypour
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mohaddeseh Peyro
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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