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Chang TY, Lin MS, Chen CC, Leu YL, Wang SH. Isoxanthohumol reduces neointimal hyperplasia through the apelin/AKT pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167099. [PMID: 38428686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation, migration, and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play crucial roles in the development of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Exposure to inflammatory cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces the transformation of contractile VSMCs into abnormal synthetic VSMCs. Isoxanthohumol (IXN) has significant anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimigratory effects. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic impact and regulatory mechanism of IXN in treating neointimal hyperplasia. The present findings indicate that IXN effectively hinders the abnormal proliferation, migration, and inflammation of VSMCs triggered by PDGF or TNF-α. This inhibition is primarily achieved through the modulation of the apelin/AKT or AKT pathway, respectively. In an in vivo model, IXN effectively reduced neointimal hyperplasia in denuded femoral arteries. These results suggest that IXN holds promise as a potential and innovative therapeutic candidate for the treatment of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Sun W, Guo W, Xia B, Shen X, Fu M, Wan T, Yuan M. Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1648-1662. [PMID: 36745269 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and is involved in the regulation of various physiopathological mechanisms such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Apelin is currently being extensively studied in the nervous system, and apelin-13 has been shown to be associated with the onset and progression of a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, spinal cord injury (SCI), and psychiatric diseases. This study summarizes the pathophysiological roles of apelin-13 in the development and progression of neurological related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangru Shen
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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3
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A network map of apelin-mediated signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:137-143. [PMID: 33797707 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelin receptor (APLNR) is a class A (rhodopsin-like) G-protein coupled receptor with a wide distribution throughout the human body. Activation of the apelin/APLNR system regulates AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/ERK1/2 mediated signaling pathways. APLNR activation orchestrates several downstream signaling cascades, which play diverse roles in physiological effects, including effects upon vasoconstriction, heart muscle contractility, energy metabolism regulation, and fluid homeostasis angiogenesis. We consolidated a network map of the APLNR signaling map owing to its biomedical importance. The curation of literature data pertaining to the APLNR system was performed manually by the NetPath criteria. The described apelin receptor signaling map comprises 35 activation/inhibition events, 38 catalysis events, 4 molecular associations, 62 gene regulation events, 113 protein expression types, and 4 protein translocation events. The APLNR signaling pathway map data is made freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5067 ).
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Sabry MM, Ramadan NM, Al Dreny BA, Rashed LA, Abo El Enein A. Protective effect of apelin preconditioning in a rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury; possible interaction between the apelin/APJ system, Ang II/AT1R system and eNOS. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7:689-698. [PMID: 31210947 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619826847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury occurs in multiple clinical settings. Novel potential protective agents are still needed to attenuate this injury. Apelin preconditioning protects against ischemic reperfusion injury in different organs. However, the protective mechanism of apelin on hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury is not yet clear. Aim Evaluate the effect of apelin-13 preconditioning on hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury and clarify possible interactions between apelinergic, renin-angiotensin systems and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Methods In total, 60 rats were assigned to four groups: control sham-operated, ischemic reperfusion, apelin-treated ischemic reperfusion and apelin + N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-treated ischemic reperfusion. Apelin 2 µg/kg/day and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 10 mg/kg/day were injected intraperitoneally daily for 3 days and 2 weeks respectively before hepatic ischemic reperfusion. Serum aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, apelin, gene expression of caspase-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensin type 1 receptor and liver histopathology were compared between groups. Results Apelin significantly reduced serum aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, caspase-3 and angiotensin type 1 receptor expression, whereas hepatic apelin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were significantly increased with improved hepatic histopathology. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester co-administration partially reversed this hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion Apelin-13 reduced hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury. This protection could be related to the suppression of hepatic angiotensin type 1 receptor expression and elevation of hepatic apelin level and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, which counteracts the pathologic effects of Ang II/angiotensin type 1 receptor. An interaction exists between apelinergic, renin-angiotensin systems and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in hepatic ischemic reperfusion pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Sabry
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction‐related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12149-12160. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
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Luo X, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5180-5188. [PMID: 29215755 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), an integral part of the vascular wall, takes part in many normal physiological processes. Our experiment firstly finds that apelin/APJ system enhances VSMC proliferation by ERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal pathway. Accumulating studies also show that apelin/APJ system plays a pivotal role in mediating the function of VSMC. In this paper, we review the exact role of apelin/APJ system in VSMC, including induction of proliferation and migration, enhance of contraction and relaxation, inhibition of calcification. Furthermore, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ system in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the point of VSMC. Above all, apelin/APJ system is a promising target for managing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Qiao S, Yin L. Effects of Apelin on Cardiovascular Aging. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1035. [PMID: 29302260 PMCID: PMC5732982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of APJ, the orphan G protein-coupled receptor. The apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system and is an important factor in cardiovascular homeostasis. This signal transduction pathway has long been related to diseases with high morbidity in the elderly, such as atherosclerosis, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, calcific aortic valve disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In this review, we discuss the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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The endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1589-1600. [PMID: 28748915 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and plays important roles in the cardiovascular system. Our previous studies showed that apelin-13 promotes the hypertrophy of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes through the PI3K-autophagy pathway. The aim of this study was to explore what roles ER stress and autophagy played in apelin-13-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Treatment of H9c2 cells with apelin-13 (0.001-2 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the production of ROS and the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Knockdown of Nox4 with siRNAs effectively prevented the reduction of GSH/GSSG ratio in apelin-13-treated cells. Furthermore, apelin-13 treatment dose-dependently increased the expression of Bip and CHOP, two ER stress markers, in the cells. Knockdown of APJ or Nox4 with the corresponding siRNAs, or application of NADPH inhibitor DPI blocked apelin-13-induced increases in Bip and CHOP expression. Moreover, apelin-13 treatment increased the formation of autophagosome and ER fragments and the LC3 puncta in the ER of the cells. Knockdown of APJ, Nox4, Bip or CHOP with the corresponding siRNAs, or application of DPI or salubrinal attenuated apelin-13-induced overexpression of LC3-II/I and beclin 1. Finally, knockdown of Nox4, Bip or CHOP with the corresponding siRNAs, or application of salubrinal significantly suppressed apelin-13-induced increases in the cell diameter, volume and protein contents. Our results demonstrate that ER stress-autophagy is involved in apelin-13-induced H9c2 cell hypertrophy.
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9
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Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising therapy target for pathological angiogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 466:78-84. [PMID: 28025030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both Apelin and APJ receptor are widely distributed in various tissues such as heart, brain, limbs, retina and liver. Recent research indicates that the Apelin/APJ system plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis which is a progress of new blood branches developing from preexisting vessels via sprouting. In this paper, we review the important role of the Apelin/APJ system in pathological angiogenesis. The Apelin/APJ system promotes angiogenesis in myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, critical limb ischemia, tumor, retinal angiogenesis diseases, cirrhosis, obesity, diabetes and other related diseases. Furthermore, we illustrate the detailed mechanism of pathological angiogenesis induced by the Apelin/APJ system. In conclusion, the Apelin/APJ system would be a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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10
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UPF1 regulates myeloid cell functions and S100A9 expression by the hnRNP E2/miRNA-328 balance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31995. [PMID: 27573788 PMCID: PMC5004132 DOI: 10.1038/srep31995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UPF1 is a key player in nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) but also involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. In this study we found that UPF1 regulates the expression of genes with functions in inflammation and myeloid cell differentiation via hnRNP E2. The majority of the UPF1-regulated genes identified in monocytic cells contain a binding site for hnRNP E2 within 5′ UTR located introns with hnRNP E2 acting here as splicing regulator. We found that miRNA-328 which is significantly induced during monocytic cell differentiation acts independently from its gene silencing function as RNA decoy for hnRNP E2. One representative gene controlled by the hnRNP E2/miRNA-328 balance is S100A9 which plays an important role in cell differentiation and oxidative stress response of monocytes. Induction of miRNA-328 expression during cell differentiation antagonizes the blockade by hnRNP E2 which results in the upregulation of CD11b expression and ROS production in monocytic cells. Taken together, our data indicate that upregulation of miR-328 is responsible for the induction of hnRNP E2 target genes during myeloid cell differentiation.
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Lv D, Li L, Lu Q, Li Y, Xie F, Li H, Cao J, Liu M, Wu D, He L, Chen L. PAK1-cofilin phosphorylation mediates human lung adenocarcinoma cells migration induced by apelin-13. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:569-79. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Qixuan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Hening Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics; University of South China; Hengyang China
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12
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Liu MQ, Chen Z, Chen LX. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a novel mechanism and therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:425-43. [PMID: 26838072 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum is a principal organelle responsible for folding, post-translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal and membrane proteins, thus palys an important rale in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a condition that is accelerated by accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins after endoplasmic reticulum environment disturbance, triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological factors, such as nutrient deprivation, altered glycosylation, calcium depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage and energy disturbance, etc. ERS may initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Numerous studies have clarified the link between ERS and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on ERS-associated molecular mechanisms that participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes of heart and blood vessels. In addition, a number of drugs that regulate ERS was introduced, which may be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This review may open new avenues for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and discovering novel drugs targeting ERS.
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Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M. Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 76:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L. Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:969-80. [PMID: 26607438 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is highly expressed in rat left ventricular hypertrophy Sprague Dawley rat models, and it plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system. The aim this study was to clarify whether apelin-13 promotes hypertrophy in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and to investigate its underlying mechanism. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed by measuring the diameter, volume, and protein content of H9c2 cells. The activation of autophagy was evaluated by observing the morphology of autophagosomes by transmission electron microscopy, observing the subcellular localization of LC3 by light microscopy, and detecting the membrane-associated form of LC3 by western blot analysis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway was identified and the proteins expression was detected using western blot analysis. The results revealed that apelin-13 increased the diameter, volume, and protein content of H9c2 cells and promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, and p70S6K. Apelin-13 activated the PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor 1701-1, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 attenuated the increase of the cell diameter, volume, protein content induced by apelin-13. Apelin-13 increased the autophagosomes and up-regulated the expressions of beclin 1 and LC3-II/I both transiently and stably. The autophagy inhibitor 3MA ameliorated the increase of cell diameter, volume, and protein content that were induced by apelin-13. These results suggested that apelin-13 promotes H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xuping Qin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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15
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Genre F, López-Mejías R, Miranda-Filloy JA, Ubilla B, Mijares V, Carnero-López B, Gómez-Acebo I, Dierssen-Sotos T, Remuzgo-Martínez S, Blanco R, Pina T, González-Juanatey C, Llorca J, González-Gay MA. Anti-TNF-α therapy reduces endothelial cell activation in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35:2069-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, Yang L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Chen L. A static pressure sensitive receptor APJ promote H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-autophagy pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:699-708. [PMID: 24966188 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate whether APJ receptor acts as a sensor in static pressure-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to investigate the mechanism of PI3K-autophagy pathway. The left ventricular hypertrophy rat model was established by coarctation of abdominal aorta. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence of static pressure which was given by a custom-made pressure incubator. The results revealed that the expression of apelin/APJ system, PI3K, Akt and their phosphorylation were significantly increased in the operation group. Static pressure up-regulated the APJ expression, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-II/I and beclin-1 expression in cardiomyocytes. APJ shRNA pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor 1701-1 blocked the up-regulation of APJ, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-II/I and beclin-1 expression, respectively. Moreover, static pressure increased the diameter, volume, protein content of cells, and these could be reversed when the cells were treated with pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, LY294002, and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, respectively. These results suggested that static pressure up-regulates APJ expression to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by a PI3K-autophagy pathway.
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Wu D, He L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6691-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Xie F, Lv D, Chen L. ELABELA: a novel hormone in cardiac development acting as a new endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:620-2. [PMID: 24829400 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmaco-proteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmaco-proteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmaco-proteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Kasai H, Tanabe F. Enhanced diacylglycerol production by phospholipase D activation is responsible for abnormal increase in concanavalin A cap formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from Chediak-Higashi syndrome (beige) mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:193-9. [PMID: 24830864 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that enhanced ceramide production induces calpain-mediated proteolysis of protein kinase C (PKC) in leukocytes from Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). In the present study, we demonstrated that phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitors ameliorated abnormal increases in concanavalin A (Con A) cap formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from beige mouse, an animal model of CHS. PLD activity in PMNs from beige mice enhanced at 30 to 60s after Con A stimulation. In Con A-stimulated beige PMNs, both neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) and acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) activities enhanced, and ceramide levels are also increased. We found that ceramide levels were reversed by the treatment of beige PMNs with propranolol which inhibits phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase. In addition, we showed that diacylgycerol (DAG) analogs enhance both N-SMase and A-SMase activities in PMNs from normal mice. We subsequently examined the association of CHS1 with PLD, and showed that expression of a truncated mutant of CHS1 in 293T cells induced abnormally rapid activation of PLD after phorbol ester stimulation. Moreover, we showed that specific inhibitors of 14-3-3 proteins, which interact with CHS1/LYST and bind PKC, did not affect abnormal increases in Con A cap formation in beige PMNs. These results suggest that the enhanced DAG production via the PLD pathway is associated with abnormal increases in Con A cap formation in beige PMNs, and that CHS1 may be involved in the regulation of PLD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanabe
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Effects of Apelin-13 on Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Through the AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 Pathway. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Yang L, Su T, Lv D, Xie F, Liu W, Cao J, Sheikh IA, Qin X, Li L, Chen L. ERK1/2 mediates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy induced by apelin-13. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:100-11. [PMID: 24374773 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of apelin in the cell proliferation and autophagy of lung adenocarcinoma. The over-expression of APJ in lung adenocarcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry, while plasma apelin level in lung cancer patients was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings revealed that apelin-13 significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, the expression of cyclin D1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A/B (LC3A/B), and beclin1, and confirmed that apelin-13 promoted A549 cell proliferation and induced A549 cell autophagy via ERK1/2 signaling. Moreover, there are pores on the surface of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and apelin-13 causes cell surface smooth and glossy as observed under atomic force microscopy. These results suggested that ERK1/2 signaling pathway mediates apelin-13-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy. Under our experimental condition, autophagy associated with 3-methyladenine was not involved in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmaco-proteomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Aboutaleb N, Kalalianmoghaddam H, Eftekhari S, Shahbazi A, Abbaspour H, Khaksari M. Apelin-13 Inhibits Apoptosis of Cortical Neurons Following Brain Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in a Transient Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Pept Res Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-013-9374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lv D, Lu Q, Cao J, Chen L. Unanticipated role of apelin: regulation of miRNA generation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:896-8. [PMID: 23985306 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J. Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:875-81. [PMID: 23924696 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelin/apelin receptor (APJ, apelin-angiotensin receptor-like 1) system is a newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor system. Both apelin and APJ that are important regulatory factors are expressed in the cardiovascular system. Our previous studies demonstrated that apelin-13 significantly stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. In this paper, our data suggested that the Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation by promoting the expression of Cyclin D1. Results indicated that apelin-13 stimulates the proliferation of VSMC and the expression of Jagged-1 and Notch3 in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The increased expression of Jagged-1 and Notch3 induced by apelin-13 could be abolished by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) blockade. PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) can inhibit the activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 induced by apelin-13. Down-regulation of Notch3 using small interfering RNA inhibits the expression of Cyclin D1 and prevents apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation. In conclusion, Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in VSMC proliferation induced by apelin-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Lv D, Li H, Chen L. Apelin and APJ, a novel critical factor and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:527-33. [PMID: 23588025 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin is a bioactive peptide discovered recently that has been proved to be an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Researches have confirmed that apelin/APJ involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological functions in the cardiovascular system. Investigations indicated that apelin is a novel critical factor in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). In this review, we discuss the roles of apelin in the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, monocytes-endothelial cell adhesion, and angiogenesis that potentially reveals a new cellular mechanism of AS. Considering these roles, apelin and APJ may be novel therapeutic targets of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Khaksari M, Aboutaleb N, Nasirinezhad F, Vakili A, Madjd Z. Apelin-13 Protects the Brain Against Ischemic Reperfusion Injury and Cerebral Edema in a Transient Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:201-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14-3-3 Is Involved in ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation Induced by Apelin-13*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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MAO XH, SU T, ZHANG XH, LI F, QIN XP, LIAO DF, LI LF, CHEN LX. Apelin-13 Promotes Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Mediated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li L, Li F, Li F, Mao X, Yang L, Huang H, Guo Y, Chen L, Li J. NOX4-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Apelin-13-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via the ERK Pathway. Int J Pept Res Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-011-9269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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