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Dalamitros AA, Toupektsi E, Alexiou P, Nousiou S, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Tsalis G. The Effectiveness of Water- versus Land-Based Exercise on Specific Measures of Physical Fitness in Healthy Older Adults: An Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:221. [PMID: 38255107 PMCID: PMC10815058 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, maintaining an active lifestyle becomes increasingly vital to promote overall health and well-being in older individuals. Water- and land-based exercises have emerged as popular options, each offering a distinct set of benefits tailored to the unique needs of this population group. An electronic database search, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, was conducted until 15 September 2023, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to investigate the effects of water-based compared to land-based exercise on selected fitness parameters in older healthy individuals. The eligibility criteria included studies with at least two groups of participants aged 60 and older, with physical fitness outcome measures. A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. While both exercise modalities may offer significant benefits, this review's findings emphasized the absence of conclusive evidence and consensus for recommending a single exercise category applicable to aquatic or land environments and providing more definite guidance to improve health-related physical fitness parameters in healthy older individuals. Finally, combining both training approaches may lead to a comprehensive array of health benefits for this age group population by also considering individual's needs, preferences, and fitness goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (P.A.); (S.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Eirini Toupektsi
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (P.A.); (S.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Panagiota Alexiou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (P.A.); (S.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Stamatia Nousiou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (P.A.); (S.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - George Tsalis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (P.A.); (S.N.); (G.T.)
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Yang F, Fu M, Hu Q, Guo J. The associations between cognitive function and depressive symptoms among older Chinese population: A cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1081209. [PMID: 37091713 PMCID: PMC10117645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, population aging has emerged as a significant global challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of baseline cognitive performance, current cognitive function, and cognitive decline on subsequent depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from participants aged 65 years and older in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), Wave 2014-2018. Of the 7,192 participants in Wave 2014, 1,627 were included in the analysis. Multivariate regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between cognitive measures and depressive symptoms. Our results indicated that baseline cognitive function was not associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, but current cognitive function was. Furthermore, participants who experienced significant cognitive decline were more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Covariates, including marital status, economic status, physical activity, and recreational activity, were also associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that slowing cognitive decline is an effective strategy for preventing depressive symptoms in older adults, promoting their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Policy and Technology Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qitu Hu
- College of Humanities Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Qitu Hu,
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Policy and Technology Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Jing Guo,
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The Impact of Social Pension Schemes on the Mental Health of the Chinese Elderly: A Mediating Effect Perspective of Two-Way Intergenerational Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148721. [PMID: 35886572 PMCID: PMC9316007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid decline in China’s fertility rate, the acceleration of aging, the continuous miniaturization and nucleation of China’s family structure, and the deterioration of the elderly’s living conditions and mental states, the elderly’s mental health has emerged as a major public health issue and a major social problem. Pensions are the elderly’s primary source of income, and they can help them meet their basic needs while also promoting family harmony and improving their mental health. Based on the data of the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we empirically examined the impact of pensions on the elderly’s mental health by using the fixed effects model, mediating effect model, and so on. The results show that receiving pension benefits can significantly reduce the level of depression and improve the mental health of the elderly. Receiving pension benefits causes reverse intergenerational economic transfer, which reduces the effect of pensions on the elderly’s mental health to some extent, but the life care and mental comfort provided by children increases when the elderly share pensions with their children. Overall, receiving pension benefits improves the mental health of the elderly. In addition, the effect of pensions on the elderly with different characteristics is heterogeneous. The older elderly, women, the elderly living with their children, and the elderly in rural areas all benefit more from receiving pension benefits. Moreover, the worse the mental health of the elderly is, the stronger the influence of pensions on their mental health is. Our discussion has important policy implications.
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Liang Y, Li X, Yang T, Li M, Ruan Y, Yang Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y. Patterns of physical activity and their relationship with depression among community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China: a latent class approach. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:587. [PMID: 34674657 PMCID: PMC8532283 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored patterns of physical activity (PA) and examined their relationship with depression among community-dwelling older adults. We aimed to identify the patterns of PA through a person-centered analytical approach and examine the association between quantity and patterns of PA, and depression among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in the Minhang district, Shanghai, China, in August 2019, and used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data through home visits. The total sample included 2525 older adults. This study used the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to assess the quantity of PA in older adults. Depression was evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subpopulations by shared item response patterns. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the relationship between PASE score, patterns of PA, and depression. An exploratory analysis of joint levels and patterns of PA effects on depression was based on sample subgroups with combinations of levels and patterns of PA. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for combined subgroups. Results Four latent classes were identified: “domestic types,” “athletic types,” “gardening/caring types,” and “walkers.” PASE scores and patterns of PA both were associated with depression. Older adults who were the most active (PASE quartile: 75–100%) and the athletic types had the strongest significant association with depression (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.65), followed by those who were the most active (PASE quartile: 75–100%) and the walkers (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14–0.57) when compared with older adults with the least activity (PASE quartile: 0–25%) and domestic types. Conclusion This study suggests both the quantity and patterns of physical activity are associated with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults. Population-level intervention should encourage community-dwelling older adults to increase their quantity of PA to reduce the risk of depression. Athletics and walkers are recommended. To develop individual-level tailored interventions, more attention should be paid to older adults who are highly engaged in gardening/caring for others. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02537-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yinghua Yang
- Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,TianQiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Clinic Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yihua Jiang
- Shanghai Medicine-Mental Health Center of Minhang District, 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Minhang Branch, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Öjefors Stark K, Olofsson N. Daily moderate-intensity physical activities and optimism promote healthy ageing in rural northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1867439. [PMID: 33463403 PMCID: PMC7833011 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1867439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore the association between self-reported health factors and self-rated health (SRH) among an older rural population in northern Sweden and whether confounders optimistic outlook or daily moderate-intensity physical activity could moderate the association between self-reported health factors and SRH, controlling for age. The study is based on a sample (N = 1946) from the “Health on Equal Terms” Västernorrland survey 2018 aged 65–84. Prevalence and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The results indicated most rural older people perceived very good or good SRH, though physical and mental health issues and impaired mobility increased with advanced age. Mental well-being exhibited a stronger association with poor SRH than physical health or impaired mobility. In addition, confounders optimistic outlook and daily moderate-intensity physical activity, separately and together could moderate the association between health factors and poor SRH. In conclusion, older people in a rural setting perceived good health, despite common physical and mental health issues. Promoting daily moderate-intensity physical activity and activities contributing to an optimistic outlook can protect against poor SRH in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niclas Olofsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University , Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Västernorrland , Sundsvall, Sweden
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Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Wellbeing among Older Adults in South and Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6752182. [PMID: 31886239 PMCID: PMC6925721 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6752182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity is believed to enhance body functions and sense of wellbeing in general population. Objectives This study aimed to explore physical activity measures; and the association between those measures, and mental wellbeing among older adults in South and Southeast Asia. Methods A systematic search was made in CINHAL, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Articles published between 2008 and 2018 were selected with participants aged 60 years and above, living at home, community, supported housing, or residential care homes, with no diagnosed/limiting illness. Results Five observational and four interventional studies on physical activity were analysed. Depression and sleep quality were the commonest outcome variables. Exercise frequency, regularity, and duration were found to positively impact mental wellbeing. Conclusion Physical activity was generally found protecting against depression and improved sleep quality of older adults from South and Southeast Asia. Future studies should focus on more objective measures of physical activity.
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Zhang Z, Chen W. A systematic review of measures for psychological well-being in physical activity studies and identification of critical issues. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:473-485. [PMID: 31260830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of physical activity (PA) have been well documented in the literature. The relationship between PA and psychological well-being (PWB) has received increasing attention. AIM This study aimed to systematically review the measurement of PWB in PA studies and examine the major findings of these studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus for articles published from their inception to October 2018 to identify empirical studies that investigated the relationship between PA and PWB. For each study meeting the inclusion criteria, we identified its measure for PWB and reviewed its main findings. RESULTS The literature search identified 53 studies examining the relationship between PA and PWB and 48 measurement scales for assessing various domains of PWB. The measurement scales were further classified as measures of hedonic well-being (n = 11), eudaimonic well-being (n = 10), mental ill-being (n = 18), or multifaceted well-being (n = 9). Twenty-seven out of 29 observational studies and nineteen out of 24 intervention studies found favorable associations between PA and at least one domain of PWB. CONCLUSIONS Although the findings in the empirical studies generally support a positive relationship between PA and PWB, the specific psychological domains measured in these studies vary considerably. In addition, the definition of PWB in these studies is incomplete and unclear. Future studies are suggested to choose measurement scales based on a clear and theoretically based definition of PWB and focus more on hedonic well-being and eudaimonic well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjia Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Weiyun Chen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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Tourunen A, Siltanen S, Portegijs E, Eronen J, Rantanen T, Saajanaho M. Assimilative and Accommodative Coping and Older People's Leisure Activities. J Aging Health 2019; 32:778-786. [PMID: 31156014 DOI: 10.1177/0898264319852002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Assimilative and accommodative coping strategies have hardly been studied in relation to leisure activities in old age. We investigated whether tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA) influence the association between physical performance and participation in leisure activities. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 187 community-dwelling people aged 79 to 93 years. TGP, FGA, and leisure activity participation were asked with questionnaires. Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: TGP moderated the relationship between physical performance and leisure activity participation. Despite low physical performance, people with high TGP had close to mean level of leisure activity participation, whereas low TGP was associated with very little activity. Most notably, people without high TGP had fewer outdoor activities and group activities outside home. Similar effects were not found for FGA. Discussion: Persistency, rather than flexibility, in goal pursuit appears to help older people be active in their leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tourunen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sini Siltanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johanna Eronen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Milla Saajanaho
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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The Mediating Effects of Resilience, Morale, and Sense of Coherence Between Physical Activity and Perceived Physical/Mental Health Among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:544-552. [PMID: 29252081 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effects of resilience, morale, and sense of coherence on the relationship between physical activity and respondents' perceived physical/mental health and depression among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. The study included 369 participants with an average age of 74 years from Kasuishimohara District in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. They completed a survey that included the Resilience Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale, the Medical Outcomes Short Form 8, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), and a demographic questionnaire. The results of the path mediation analyses revealed that resilience and morale fully mediated the relationship between physical activity and perceived physical/mental health and depression. However, sense of coherence was not a significant mediator. Some intervention programs are suggested to maximize the effects of physical activity on one's well-being. At-risk populations who need such programs are also discussed.
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Kelly P, Williamson C, Niven AG, Hunter R, Mutrie N, Richards J. Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:800-806. [PMID: 29858467 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Walking has well-established positive relationships with, and effects on, physical health. In contrast, while poor mental health contributes substantially to global health burden, an overview of the benefits from walking has not previously been published. We aimed to scope the literature and present what is known, and highlight what is not known, about walking and mental health. METHODS Design: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Ovid (Medline), ProQuest, Web of Science.Screening and reporting: 13 014 records were identified and screened by a team of researchers. Included full texts were analysed and reported according to mental health outcome. RESULTS For the 8 mental health outcomes (identified a priori), there were a total of 5 systematic reviews and 50 individual papers included. Depression had the most evidence and existing systematic reviews were reported. Evidence for anxiety, psychological stress, psychological well-being, subjective well-being and social isolation and loneliness varied in volume and effectiveness, but no harmful effects were identified. There were no studies for walking and resilience. The setting and context of walking seems to be important variables. CONCLUSION The evidence base that suggests walking benefits mental health is growing, but remains fragmented and incomplete for some important outcomes. Policy and national guidelines should promote the known mental health benefits of increased walking and future research should directly address the gaps we have identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloë Williamson
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa G Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justin Richards
- Charles Perkins Centre & School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the interconnectedness of different intensity levels of physical activity and psychological (life satisfaction and positive affect) and physical (physical health) well-being. Participants were from the National Study of Midlife in the United States with assessments in 2004 and aged 25 to 74 living in the United States were included in the analyses. We conducted bivariate correlations to examine significant relationships among the study variables. In addition, after multicollinearity among the independent variable was checked, a series of hierarchical regression analyses with physical health, positive affect, and life satisfaction as criterion variables were conducted. The results showed that light physical activities were positively associated with physical health and life satisfaction in summer, whereas light physical activities and all dependent variables were positively correlated in winter. Furthermore, engaging in moderate physical activities was positively related only with physical health. Meanwhile, vigorous physical activities were not associated with life satisfaction, physical health, and positive affect in summer and winter.
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Ornes LL, Ransdell LB, Robertson L, Trunnell E, Moyer-Mileur L. A 6-Month Pilot Study of Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Life Satisfaction with a Sample of Three Generations of Women. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 100:579-91. [PMID: 16060416 DOI: 10.2466/pms.100.3.579-591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study assessed possible changes in Life Satisfaction across three generations of women after a 6-mo. physical activity intervention. The primary purpose of the study was to test the study design and discover critical issues that should be controlled for or changed in a follow-up study. A quasi-experimental design was used to assign randomly a convenience sample of participant triads into two groups: a home-based group ( n = 27) and a control group ( n = 9). Daughters were premenarcheal ( n = 13, M = 10.1 yr., SD = 1.5), mothers were premenopausal ( n = 13, M = 37.2 yr., SD = 4.2), and grandmothers were postmenopausal ( n = 11, M = 61.5 yr., SD = 4.4). Life Satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Participation in physical activity was measured using the Physical Best Physical Activity Questionnaire and a pedometer to count the number of steps taken per day. Compared with the control group, participants in the home-based group generally increased physical activity but their scores for Life Satisfaction did not increase. Recommendations concerning the study design, reducing limitations, and hypotheses for further study are given.
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Phillips WT, Kiernan M, King AC. Physical Activity as a Nonpharmacological Treatment for Depression: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1076167502250792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is increasingly being cited as an alternative to more traditional drug treatments for treating depression. Although an increasing amount of research has investigated this theory, much of the literature has been criticized from a methodological perspective. Given rising concern for the increasing costs of mental health care, it is timely and important to examine valid, reliable, and objective research findings on the potential role of physical activity as a low-cost non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of depression. This article reviews cross-sectional, longitudinal, and randomized studies that investigated the role of physical activity in the prevention and alleviation of depression. The review found that although there is undoubtedly a need for more research with a greater emphasis on methodological strength, the scientific literature is generally supportive of the beneficial effects of aerobic and nonaerobic exercise on depression in clinically and nonclinically depressed adults. Implications for public health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne T. Phillips
- Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University East, Mesa, Arizona,
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Abby C. King
- Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Abstract
The analysis compared differing correlates of life satisfaction among three diverse population groups in Israel, examining background and health status variables, social environment factors, and activity indicators. Multiple regression analysis revealed that veteran Jewish-Israelis ( n = 2,043) had the largest set of predictors, the strongest of which was health status. Among Arab-Israelis ( n = 609), social visitation served as a significant base for life satisfaction. The predictors among the new immigrant group ( n = 751) reflected the search for social ties beyond the immediate family. The analysis underscores the universal basis of successful aging, especially the contribution of health status. However, it also clarifies that the specific components of some of the general categories of predictors work in different ways among different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Litwin
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Joshi S, Mooney SJ, Kennedy GJ, Benjamin EO, Ompad D, Rundle AG, Beard JR, Cerdá M. Beyond METs: types of physical activity and depression among older adults. Age Ageing 2016; 45:103-9. [PMID: 26764399 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES physical activity may be beneficial in reducing depression incidence among the elderly. A key unanswered question is whether certain types of physical activity are particularly associated with decreased depression incidence. We examined the relationship between quantity and type of physical activity and subsequent depression using longitudinal data from elderly adults in New York City (NYC). METHODS we followed 3,497 adults aged 65-75 living in NYC for three years. Total physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and type of physical activity was measured using a latent class analysis of PASE item responses. We used generalised estimating equations to measure the relationship between quantity and latent class of physical activity at waves 1-2 and depression at waves 2-3, controlling for wave-1 depression. RESULTS individuals in the second highest quartile (50-75%) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.88) and highest quartile of activity (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.63) had lower odds of depression. Among all subjects, athletic types (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.51) and walker types (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.99) had lower odds of depression. Among non-disabled participants, walkers (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.73), athletic types (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.32), domestic/gardening types (OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.73) and domestic/gardening athletic types (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.75) had lower odds of depression. CONCLUSION respondents who practised the highest levels of physical activity and who performed athletic activities were at lower risk for depression. Interventions aimed at promoting athletic physical activity among older adults may generate benefits for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spruha Joshi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary J Kennedy
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ebele O Benjamin
- Center for Evaluation and Applied Research, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John R Beard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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16
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Psychosocial impacts of engaging in Second Life for individuals with physical disabilities. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pedišić Ž, Greblo Z, Phongsavan P, Milton K, Bauman AE. Are total, intensity- and domain-specific physical activity levels associated with life satisfaction among university students? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118137. [PMID: 25695492 PMCID: PMC4335071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thorough information about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and life satisfaction is still lacking. Therefore, this study examined the cross-sectional relationships between life satisfaction and meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) moderate to vigorous-intensity PA recommendations, total volume and duration of PA, intensity-specific PA (walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity), domain-specific PA (work, transport-related, domestic, and leisure-time), and 11 domain and intensity-specific PA types among university students. Additionally, we examined the associations between life satisfaction and gender, age, disposable income, community size, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), and self-rated health. Methods The study included a random sample of 1750 university students in Zagreb, Croatia (response rate = 71.7%; 62.4% females; mean age 21.5 ± 1.8 years), using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire — long form and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results Higher life satisfaction was associated with female gender (β = 0.13; p = <0.001), younger age (β = -0.07; p = 0.024), higher disposable income (β = 0.10; p = 0.001), and better self-rated health (β = 0.30; p = <0.001). No significant association was found between life satisfaction and size of community (p = 0.567), smoking status (p = 0.056), alcohol consumption (p = 0.058), or BMI (p = 0.508). Among all PA variables, only leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA was significantly associated with life satisfaction after adjustments for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and self-rated general health (β = 0.06; p = 0.045). Conclusions This study indicated a weak positive relationship between leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA and life satisfaction, whilst no such association was found for other PA variables. These findings underscore the importance of analyzing domain and intensity-specific PA levels in future studies among university students, as drawing conclusions about the relationship between PA and life satisfaction based on total PA levels only may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Pedišić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zrinka Greblo
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Milton
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian E. Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Chao SF. Changes in Leisure Activities and Dimensions of Depressive Symptoms in Later Life: A 12-Year Follow-Up. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 56:397-407. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Physical activity and cognitive functioning in the oldest old: Within- and between-person cognitive activity and psychosocial mediators. Eur J Ageing 2014; 11:333-347. [PMID: 25598770 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-014-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines the role of social contact intensity, cognitive activity, and depressive symptoms as within- and between-person mediators for the relationships between physical activity and cognitive functioning. METHOD All three types of mediators were considered simultaneously using multilevel structural equations modeling with longitudinal data. The sample consisted of 470 adults ranging from 79.37 to 97.92 years of age (M = 83.4; SD = 3.2) at the first occasion. RESULTS Between-person differences in cognitive activity mediated the relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning, such that individuals who participated in more physical activities, on average, engaged in more cognitive activities and, in turn, showed better cognitive functioning. Mediation of between-person associations between physical activity and memory through social contact intensity was also significant. At the within-person level, only cognitive activity mediated the relationship between physical activity and change in cognition; however, the indirect effect was small. Depressive symptomatology was not found to significantly mediate within- or between-person effects on cognitive change. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight the implications of physical activity participation for the prevention of cognitive decline and the importance of meditational processes at the between-person level. Physical activity can provide older adults with an avenue to make new friendships and engage in more cognitive activities which, in turn, attenuates cognitive decline.
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Julien D, Gauvin L, Richard L, Kestens Y, Payette H. Longitudinal associations between walking frequency and depressive symptoms in older adults: results from the VoisiNuAge study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:2072-2078. [PMID: 24279599 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies show that walking is associated with depression among older adults, but longitudinal associations have rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal associations between walking frequency and depressive symptoms in older adults to determine which variable is the stronger prospective predictor of the other. DESIGN Longitudinal; four repeated measures over 5 years. SETTING Population-based sample of urban-dwelling older adults living in the Montreal metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Participants from the VoisiNuAge study aged 68 to 84 (N=498). MEASUREMENTS MAIN EXPOSURES depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and number of walking days in previous week (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly). Covariates: age, education, and number of chronic illnesses. Cross-lagged panel analyses were performed in the entire sample and in sex-stratified subsamples. RESULTS Depressive symptoms predicted walking frequency at subsequent time points (and more precisely, higher depressive symptoms were related to fewer walking days), but walking frequency did not predict depressive symptoms at subsequent time points. Stratified analyses revealed that prospective associations were statistically significant in women but not men. CONCLUSION The longitudinal association between walking frequency and depressive symptoms is one in which depressive symptoms predict reduced walking frequency later. Higher depressive symptoms are more likely a cause of reduced walking because of time precedence than vice versa. Future research on longitudinal relationships between meeting physical activity recommendations and depression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Julien
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Léa-Roback sur les Inégalités Sociales de Santé de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucie Richard
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Léa-Roback sur les Inégalités Sociales de Santé de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Léa-Roback sur les Inégalités Sociales de Santé de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Payette
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre de Santé et des Services Sociaux, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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21
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Mammen G, Faulkner G. Physical activity and the prevention of depression: a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med 2013; 45:649-57. [PMID: 24139780 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Given its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, more research is needed in identifying factors that may prevent depression. This review examined whether physical activity (PA) is protective against the onset of depression. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive search was conducted up until December 2012 in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Data were analyzed between July 2012 and February 2013. Articles were chosen for the review if the study used a prospective-based, longitudinal design and examined relationships between PA and depression over at least two time intervals. A formal quality assessment for each study also was conducted independently by the two reviewers. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The initial search yielded a total of 6363 citations. After a thorough selection process, 30 studies were included for analyses. Among these, 25 studies demonstrated that baseline PA was negatively associated with a risk of subsequent depression. The majority of these studies were of high methodologic quality, providing consistent evidence that PA may prevent future depression. There is promising evidence that any level of PA, including low levels (e.g., walking <150 minutes/weeks), can prevent future depression. CONCLUSIONS From a population health perspective, promoting PA may serve as a valuable mental health promotion strategy in reducing the risk of developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mammen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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The role of social participation and walking in depression among older adults: results from the VoisiNuAge study. Can J Aging 2013; 32:1-12. [PMID: 23472603 DOI: 10.1017/s071498081300007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower social participation and less frequent walking represent two factors that may contribute to depression among older adults, but previous research on the subject is inconclusive. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to quantify associations between depression and the combined effects from social participation and walking in a sample of older adults living in Canada (n = 549). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted, in which we entered social participation and walking as predictors of depression while controlling for individual characteristics. Results of the final models show that individuals who do not walk outside their home report more depressive symptoms or a greater likelihood of possible clinical depression (the association in our study between social participation and depression was attenuated to non-significance). The current study highlights the central role played by life habits, such as walking, in older adults' mental health status.
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23
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Lou VWQ, Chi I, Kwan CW, Leung AYM. Trajectories of social engagement and depressive symptoms among long-term care facility residents in Hong Kong. Age Ageing 2013; 42:215-22. [PMID: 23117468 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afs159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND although social engagement and depressive symptoms are important concerns for long-term care facility residents, the dynamic relationship between them has not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE this study examines the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms and changes in social engagement and depressive symptoms among Chinese residents of long-term care facilities over 6 years. DESIGN AND METHODS a latent growth model was used to analyse six waves of data collected using the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set 2.0 in the Hong Kong Longitudinal Study on Long-Term Care Facility Residents. Ten residential facilities with a total of 1,184 eligible older adults at baseline were included in the study. RESULTS after controlling for demographic variables at baseline, a higher level of social engagement was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Trajectories of social engagement were significantly related to trajectories of depressive symptoms. Participants who recorded positive social engagement growth reported reduction in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION the findings of our study extend previous research by showing that increased social engagement is associated with decreased depressive symptoms over time. In long-term residential care settings, it is important for services to engage residents in meaningful social activities in order to reduce depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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24
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Hernandez R, Prohaska TR, Wang PC, Sarkisian CA. The longitudinal relationship between depression and walking behavior in older Latinos: The "¡Caminemos!" study. J Aging Health 2012; 25:319-41. [PMID: 23264440 DOI: 10.1177/0898264312468488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the relationship between baseline depression and prospective engagement in walking and exercise behavior after enrollment in an exercise intervention. METHODS The study used baseline, 1-month, 12-month, and 24-month in-person interview and pedometer data collected from Latinos aged >60 years participating in an exercise intervention (¡Caminemos!) at 27 senior centers (n = 572). RESULTS After joining an exercise intervention, and when using continuous pedometer data and scores from the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) as the outcomes of interest, older adults with baseline depression exhibited comparable levels of physical activity across time when compared to their nondepressed counterparts. Significant difference in physical activity levels between the depressed and nondepressed subgroups no longer existed within one month of initiating the exercise intervention. DISCUSSION Among sedentary older Latino adults, having depression may not delay exercise initiation nor does it appear to prevent achievement or maintenance of an exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Hernandez
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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25
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Wylde V, Livesey C, Blom AW. Restriction in participation in leisure activities after joint replacement: an exploratory study. Age Ageing 2012; 41:246-9. [PMID: 22267861 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afr180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND currently, assessment of outcomes after joint replacement is predominantly centred on impairment and activity limitation (e.g. walking), with little consideration of participation restriction. METHOD structured telephone interviews about participation in leisure activities were conducted with 56 total hip replacement (THR) and 60 total knee replacement (TKR) patients before and 1 year after joint replacement. FINDINGS before surgery, THR patients participated in 209 leisure activities, with an average of four leisure activities per person. TKR patients participated in 171 leisure activities, with an average of three leisure activities per person. The leisure activities were coded into four categories: sports/exercise, hobbies, social activities and holidays. Between 89 and 95% of leisure activities were rated as important by THR and TKR patients prior to surgery. Before surgery, THR patients rated 82% of leisure activities as difficult to perform because of joint problems, which decreased to 25% of leisure activities by 1-year after surgery. TKR patients rated 86% of leisure activities as difficult to perform because of joint problems, which decreased to 32% after surgery. CONCLUSION this research highlights that participation in leisure activities is important to patients undergoing joint replacement, but that approximately a quarter of patients are unable to perform their valued leisure activities after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Wylde
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Hamer M, Endrighi R, Poole L. Physical activity, stress reduction, and mood: insight into immunological mechanisms. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 934:89-102. [PMID: 22933142 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors, such as chronic mental stress and mood, are recognized as an important predictor of longevity and wellbeing. In particular, depression is independently associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and is often comorbid with chronic diseases that can worsen their associated health outcomes. Regular exercise is thought to be associated with stress reduction and better mood, which may partly mediate associations between depression, stress, and health outcomes. The underlying mechanisms for the positive effects of exercise on wellbeing remain poorly understood. In this overview we examine epidemiological evidence for an association between physical activity and mental health. We then describe the exercise withdrawal paradigm as an experimental protocol to study mechanisms linking exercise, mood, and stress. In particular we will discuss the potential role of the inflammatory response as a central mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hamer
- Psychobiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Perrino T, Brown SC, Huang S, Brown CH, Gómez GP, Pantin H, Szapocznik J. Depressive symptoms, social support, and walking among Hispanic older adults. J Aging Health 2011; 23:974-93. [PMID: 21508305 DOI: 10.1177/0898264311404235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms and physical inactivity are health risks among minority older adults. This study examined whether social support moderated the relationship of depressive symptoms to walking behavior among 217 community-dwelling, Hispanic older adults. METHOD Cross-sectional analyses were used to test whether different forms of social support interacted with depressive symptoms to affect both likelihood and amount of walking. RESULTS Analyses showed a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and instrumental support related to the likelihood of walking and a marginally significant interaction between depressive symptoms and instrumental social support related to the amount of walking. Depressive symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood and lower amount of walking among participants receiving high levels of instrumental social support (e.g., help with chores) but not low instrumental support. Emotional and informational support did not moderate the depression to walking relationship. CONCLUSION Receiving too much instrumental support was related to sedentary behavior among depressed older adults.
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Helvik AS, Iversen VC, Steiring R, Hallberg LRM. Calibrating and adjusting expectations in life: A grounded theory on how elderly persons with somatic health problems maintain control and balance in life and optimize well-being. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2011; 6:10.3402/qhw.v6i1.6030. [PMID: 21468299 PMCID: PMC3070658 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v6i1.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims at exploring the main concern for elderly individuals with somatic health problems and what they do to manage this. METHOD In total, 14 individuals (mean=74.2 years; range=68-86 years) of both gender including hospitalized and outpatient persons participated in the study. Open interviews were conducted and analyzed according to grounded theory, an inductive theory-generating method. RESULTS The main concern for the elderly individuals with somatic health problems was identified as their striving to maintain control and balance in life. The analysis ended up in a substantive theory explaining how elderly individuals with somatic disease were calibrating and adjusting their expectations in life in order to adapt to their reduced energy level, health problems, and aging. By adjusting the expectations to their actual abilities, the elderly can maintain a sense of that they still have the control over their lives and create stability. The ongoing adjustment process is facilitated by different strategies and result despite lower expectations in subjective well-being. The facilitating strategies are utilizing the network of important others, enjoying cultural heritage, being occupied with interests, having a mission to fulfill, improving the situation by limiting boundaries and, finally, creating meaning in everyday life. CONCLUSION The main concern of the elderly with somatic health problems was to maintain control and balance in life. The emerging theory explains how elderly people with somatic health problems calibrate their expectations of life in order to adjust to reduced energy, health problems, and aging. This process is facilitated by different strategies and result despite lower expectation in subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Division Tynset, Norway
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valentina Cabral Iversen
- Psychiatric Department Østmarka, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi Steiring
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Eriksson GM, Chung JCC, Beng LH, Hartman-Maeir A, Yoo E, Orellano EM, van Nes F, de Jonge D, Baum CM. Occupations of Older Adults: A Cross Cultural Description. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2011. [DOI: 10.3928/15394492-20110318-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Participation in everyday occupations influences people's health and well-being. To enable individuals to do the activities they want and need to do is the main concern of occupational therapy practice. Many daily occupations are universal, but they also depend on culture. The development of the Activity Card Sort in eight countries has offered the opportunity to describe occupations across cultures. In the developmental process of culturally relevant versions of the Activity Card Sort by occupational therapists in each country, the instrument versions included samples of older adults ( N = 468). These data are used in the current description with the aim of identifying central activities across cultures and central activities for Asian and Western cultures. Te n activities were identified as being central across cultures (i.e., more than half of the older adults in all eight countries performed them). They were the following: shopping in a store, doing grocery shopping, doing dishes, doing laundry, reading books or magazines, sitting and thinking, watching television, listening to radio or music, visiting with friends and relatives, and talking on the telephone. Further, 16 additional activities central to Asian culture and 18 activities central to Western culture were identified. The identification of central activities deepens knowledge of activities with cultural significance. This knowledge is needed in clinical practice and multicultural research. This description provides a starting point for further exploration of everyday occupations among older adults.
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Habitual physical activity and the risk for depressive and anxiety disorders among older men and women. Int Psychogeriatr 2011; 23:292-8. [PMID: 20863424 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610210001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity is generally associated with psychological well-being, although there are relatively few prospective studies in older adults. We investigated habitual physical activity as a risk factor for de novo depressive and anxiety disorders in older men and women from the general population. METHODS In this nested case-control study, subjects aged 60 years or more were identified from randomly selected cohorts being followed prospectively in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Cases were individuals with incident depressive or anxiety disorders, diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/NP); controls had no history of these disorders. Habitual physical activity, measured using a validated questionnaire, and other exposures were documented at baseline, approximately four years prior to psychiatric interviews. Those with depressive or anxiety disorders that pre-dated baseline were excluded. RESULTS Of 547 eligible subjects, 14 developed de novo depressive or anxiety disorders and were classified as cases; 533 controls remained free of disease. Physical activity was protective against the likelihood of depressive and anxiety disorders; OR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.32-0.94), p = 0.03; each standard deviation increase in the transformed physical activity score was associated with an approximate halving in the likelihood of developing depressive or anxiety disorders. Leisure-time physical activity contributed substantially to the overall physical activity score. Age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, weight and socioeconomic status did not substantially confound the association. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence consistent with the notion that higher levels of habitual physical activity are protective against the subsequent risk of development of de novo depressive and anxiety disorders.
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A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. AGEING & SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x10001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAn engaged lifestyle is seen as an important component of successful ageing. Many older adults with high participation in social and leisure activities report positive wellbeing, a fact that fuelled the original activity theory and that continues to influence researchers, theorists and practitioners. This study's purpose is to review the conceptualisation and measurement of activity among older adults and the associations reported in the gerontological literature between specific dimensions of activity and wellbeing. We searched published studies that focused on social and leisure activity and wellbeing, and found 42 studies in 44 articles published between 1995 and 2009. They reported from one to 13 activity domains, the majority reporting two or three, such as informal, formal and solitary, or productive versus leisure. Domains associated with subjective wellbeing, health or survival included social, leisure, productive, physical, intellectual, service and solitary activities. Informal social activity has accumulated the most evidence of an influence on wellbeing. Individual descriptors such as gender or physical functioning sometimes moderate these associations, while contextual variables such as choice, meaning or perceived quality play intervening roles. Differences in definitions and measurement make it difficult to draw inferences about this body of evidence on the associations between activity and wellbeing. Activity theory serves as shorthand for these associations, but gerontology must better integrate developmental and psychological constructs into a refined, comprehensive activity theory.
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Perrino T, Mason CA, Brown SC, Szapocznik J. The relationship between depressive symptoms and walking among Hispanic older adults: a longitudinal, cross-lagged panel analysis. Aging Ment Health 2010; 14:211-9. [PMID: 20336553 PMCID: PMC3821697 DOI: 10.1080/13607860903191374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and walking behavior across 30 months in a prospective study of 217 community-dwelling, Hispanic older adults in Miami, Florida (ages 70-100 years). METHOD Analyses examine the direction of the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity (i.e., walking) over time, as well as test for a potential bi-directional or reciprocal relationship between these two variables. RESULTS Structural equation modeling (SEM) with a cross-lagged panel design revealed that walking was unrelated to subsequent depressive symptoms. However, depressive symptoms were related to subsequent walking behavior at every time-point, such that higher levels of depressive symptoms were predictive of less walking in the future. Older adults who had clinically-relevant depressive symptoms at the initial assessment had 1.34 times the risk of not walking 30 months later, compared to older adults without clinically-relevant depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Results support the need for primary care providers to evaluate and address depressive symptoms among older adults, as a means of reducing sedentary behavior and potentially improving health. Further research on the prevention and management of depressive symptoms and sedentary behavior is needed, given the morbidity related to both of these health risks, particularly for minority and low-socio-economic status (SES) older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Craig A. Mason
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Maine,
5717 Corbett Hall, Room 3, Orono, ME 04469-5717, USA
| | - Scott C. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, #1021 (R 669), Miami,
FL 33136, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of
Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, #1021 (R 669), Miami,
FL 33136, USA
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Global self-regulation and outcome expectations: influences on constraint self-regulation and physical activity. J Aging Phys Act 2009; 17:307-26. [PMID: 19799102 DOI: 10.1123/japa.17.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research conducted on the possible relationship between the global self-regulatory process of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) and leisure-time physical activity. Even less is known about SOC's relationship to other social-cognitive factors known to influence physical activity. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between global self-regulation, constraint self-regulation, outcome expectations, and leisure-time physical activity with a sample of middle-aged and older adults (N = 271). One of the objectives was to test the interactive effect of global self-regulation and outcome expectations on constraint self-regulation. Another objective was to test the interactive effect of global self-regulation and outcome expectations on multiple measures of leisure-time physical activity. The authors found significant interactions between global self-regulation and outcome expectations for constraint self-regulation and duration of leisure-time physical activity. They discuss these results in terms of their implications for health-promotion programs to increase the leisure-time physical activity of people 50 years of age and older.
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Frändin K, Borell L, Grönstedt H, Bergland A, Helbostad JL, Puggaard L, Andresen M, Granbo R, Hellström K. A Nordic multi-center study on physical and daily activities for residents in nursing home settings: design of a randomized, controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2009; 21:314-22. [PMID: 19959920 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nursing home residents constitute a frail, multi-diseased and heterogeneous group. As physical activity is essential for the preservation of function, personalized training and activities are of great importance. The main objective of this study was to describe the influence of an individually tailored intervention program, in a nursing home setting, on physical capacity, degree of dependence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), long-term participation in physical and/or daily activities, and self-rated wellbeing. The aim of the present work is to describe the overall design of the study. METHODS Nursing homes in Sweden, Norway and Denmark were involved, and 322 residents were randomized to either Intervention or Control groups. The intervention lasted for three months and consisted of physical and daily activities, led by physiotherapists and occupational therapists, and was built on their evaluations and on the goals expressed by each resident. Tests of muscle strength, mobility, balance function and confidence, ADL, level of physical activity, wellbeing and cognitive function were performed at baseline, directly after the intervention period and three months later. RESULTS They will be presented in articles to follow. CONCLUSIONS Although it is a great challenge to carry out an intervention study directed toward such a frail population, it is of great interest to find out whether individually tailored and enhanced activities can lead to decreased dependence in ADL and increased wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Frändin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sanders S, Polgar JM, Kloseck M, Crilly R. Homebound Older Individuals Living in the Community: A Pilot Study. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j148v23n02_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yuen HK. Impact of an Altruistic Activity on Life Satisfaction in Institutionalized Elders: A Pilot Study. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j148v20n03_08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Janke MC, Payne LL, Van Puymbroeck M. The Role of Informal and Formal Leisure Activities in the Disablement Process. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2008; 67:231-57. [DOI: 10.2190/ag.67.3.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The disablement process model has been used as a framework to investigate factors that accelerate or decelerate disablement among older adults. Although very little is known about the direct and moderating effects of involvement in leisure activities on the disablement process, research has suggested that participation in leisure activities may serve as a factor affecting the disablement pathways. Using longitudinal data from individuals aged 65 and older ( N = 535) in the Americans' Changing Lives study, we examined the influence of leisure involvement on the disablement process model. Through regression analyses, we found that involvement in informal and formal leisure activities was significantly associated with the disablement process in this sample of older adults, and that the effect of informal and formal leisure on disablement changed across time points and at different phases of the pathway. Results suggest that leisure activities may be protective of cognitive health and mitigate the effect of functional limitations, perceptions of disability, and depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Mullee MA, Coleman PG, Briggs RSJ, Stevenson JE, Turnbull JC. Self-Rated Activity Levels and Longevity: Evidence from a 20 Year Longitudinal Study. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2008; 67:171-86. [DOI: 10.2190/ag.67.2.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study reports on factors predicting the longevity of 328 people over the age of 65 drawn from an English city and followed over 20 years. Both the reported activities score and the individual's comparative evaluation of their own level of activity independently reduced the risk of death, even when health and cognitive status were taken into account. The analysis has provided a strong test of the relevance of measures of reported activity and measures of self-perception to longevity. The study confirms the important predictive role of reported activity levels even when detailed health measures are taken into account. But in addition personal perception of one's own relative level of activity, and to a lesser extent subjective assessment of health, also predicted longevity.
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Lee LL, Arthur A, Avis M. Evaluating a community-based walking intervention for hypertensive older people in Taiwan: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2007; 44:160-6. [PMID: 17055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of a community-based walking intervention on blood pressure among older people. METHOD The study design was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a rural area of Taiwan between October 2002 and June 2003. A total of 202 participants aged 60 years and over with mild to moderate hypertension was recruited. Participants randomized to the intervention group (n=102) received a six-month community-based walking intervention based on self-efficacy theory. A public health nurse provided both face-to-face and telephone support designed to assist participants to increase their walking. Control group participants (n=100) received usual primary health care. Primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure and secondary outcomes were exercise self-efficacy, self-reported walking and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS At six-month follow-up the mean change in systolic blood pressure was a decrease of 15.4 mmHg and 8.4 mmHg in the intervention and control group, respectively. The difference in mean change between the two groups was -7.0 mmHg (95% CI, -11.5 to -2.5 mmHg, p=0.002). Improvement in exercise self-efficacy scores was greater among intervention group participants (mean difference 1.23, 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.0, p=0.001). Intervention group participants were more likely to report walking more (p<0.0005) but no differences were observed in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.19). CONCLUSIONS Among hypertensive older people, a six-month community-based walking intervention was effective in increasing their exercise self-efficacy and reducing systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, No. 880, Jen-Kuo Road,, Section 2, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Wise LA, Adams-Campbell LL, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Leisure time physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms in the Black Women's Health Study. Ann Behav Med 2006; 32:68-76. [PMID: 16827631 PMCID: PMC1847587 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm3201_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms, but there are limited data on Black women. PURPOSE The objective was to evaluate the association between leisure time physical activity and depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women. METHODS Participants included 35,224 women ages 21 to 69 from the Black Women's Health Study, a follow-up study of African American women in which data are collected biennially by mail questionnaire. Women answered questions on past and current exercise levels at baseline (1995) and follow-up (1997). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms in 1999. Women who reported a diagnosis of depression before 1999 were excluded. We used multivariate logistic regression models to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms (CES-D score > or = 16) with control for potential confounders. RESULTS Adult vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Women who reported vigorous exercise both in high school (> or = 5 hr per week) and adulthood (> or = 2 hr per week) had the lowest odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.71-0.82) relative to never active women; the OR was 0.90 for women who were active in high school but not adulthood (95% CI = 0.85-0.96) and 0.83 for women who were inactive in high school but became active in adulthood (95% CI = 0.77-0.91). Although walking for exercise was not associated with risk of depressive symptoms overall, there was evidence of a weak inverse relation among obese women (Body Mass Index > or = 30). CONCLUSIONS Leisure time vigorous physical activity was associated with a reduced odds of depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Wise
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this inquiry was to test a path model that explains how sociodemographic background characteristics, functional health state, social network structure, and extent of activity affect well-being among elderly Arab Israelis, a population in transition from an agrarian to a modern culture. Using data from a national survey, the study revealed that respondents' morale was negatively associated with functional disability and positively associated with social network and activity level. Disability was predicted by lower income and education, older age, and female gender. Activity level was predicted by low disability, male gender, education, and social network. The study results provide support for the contention that the path to successful aging is universal. However, the results also suggest that within the general path to a good old age one can find culturally unique characteristics. In the case of older Arab Israelis, these included belonging to community- and family-oriented network structures and engaging in socially oriented activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Litwin
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905-IL, Israel.
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Lampinen P, Heikkinen RL, Kauppinen M, Heikkinen E. Activity as a predictor of mental well-being among older adults. Aging Ment Health 2006; 10:454-66. [PMID: 16938681 DOI: 10.1080/13607860600640962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This eight-year follow-up study examines the roles of physical and leisure activity as predictors of mental well-being among older adults born in 1904-1923. As part of the Evergreen project, 1224 (80%) persons aged 65-84 years were interviewed at baseline (1988), and 663 (90%) persons in the follow-up (1996). Mental well-being factors including depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness, self-rated mental vigour and meaning in life were constructed using factor analysis. The predictors of mental well-being included physical and leisure activity, mobility status and number of chronic illnesses. We used a path analysis model to examine the predictors of mental well-being. At baseline, low number of chronic illnesses, better mobility status and leisure activity were associated with mental well-being. Baseline mental well-being, better mobility status and younger age predicted mental well-being in the follow-up. Explanatory power of the path analysis model for the mental well-being factor at baseline was 19% and 35% in the follow-up. These findings suggest that mental well-being in later life is associated with activity, better health and mobility status, which should become targets for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lampinen
- The Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary, Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Glass TA, De Leon CFM, Bassuk SS, Berkman LF. Social engagement and depressive symptoms in late life: longitudinal findings. J Aging Health 2006; 18:604-28. [PMID: 16835392 DOI: 10.1177/0898264306291017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose is to investigate whether social engagement protects against depressive symptoms in older adults. METHOD Three waves of data from a representative cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above from the New Haven Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly are examined using random effects models. RESULTS Social engagement (an index combining social and productive activity) is associated with lower CES-D scores after adjustment for age, sex, time, education, marital status, health and functional status, and fitness activities. This association is generally constant with time, suggesting a cross-sectional association. In addition, social engagement is associated with change in depressive symptoms, but only among those with CES-D scores below 16 at baseline. DISCUSSION Social engagement is independently associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. A longitudinal association is seen only among those not depressed at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Glass
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Anderson RT, King A, Stewart AL, Camacho F, Rejeski WJ. Physical activity counseling in primary care and patient well-being: Do patients benefit? Ann Behav Med 2006; 30:146-54. [PMID: 16173911 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm3002_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting physical activity is an important public health strategy for long-term reductions in incidence or severity of clinical disease. Benefits to health-related quality of life (HRQL) and subjective well-being may be as important and take less time to accrue. PURPOSE We examined the HRQL benefits of a social-cognitive-theory-based intervention of the Activity Counseling Trial (ACT), both directly in terms of changes in physical fitness and indirectly from increased self-efficacy associated with the intervention. METHODS In ACT, 395 female and 479 male inactive patients ages 35 to 75 years were randomized to one of: physician advice, advice plus behavioral counseling during primary care visits, or advice plus behavioral counseling that also included telephone contact and behavioral classes. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months. HRQL was assessed as perceived quality of life, perceived stress, depression, and general health. Satisfaction with function and appearance, self-efficacy, and social support were also assessed. RESULTS At 24 months women who received counseling or assistance had significant reductions in daily stress and improvements in satisfaction with body function compared to those receiving advice only. Men had reductions in daily stress across all treatment arms. These results mirrored VO2max changes observed per group. Change in barriers self-efficacy was significantly associated with reductions in daily stress at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Patient benefit from ACT intervention was mediated by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and by barriers self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA.
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Bernaards CM, Jans MP, van den Heuvel SG, Hendriksen IJ, Houtman IL, Bongers PM. Can strenuous leisure time physical activity prevent psychological complaints in a working population? Occup Environ Med 2006; 63:10-6. [PMID: 16361400 PMCID: PMC2078023 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2004.017541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the longitudinal relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and psychological complaints (depression and emotional exhaustion) in a Dutch working population in order to find evidence for the preventive role of physical activity in the development of psychological complaints. METHODS All data came from the Study on Musculoskeletal disorders, Absenteeism, Stress, and Health (SMASH), a three year follow up study that started between 1994 and 1995. The study population consisted of 1747 workers from 34 companies. Generalised estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to investigate the longitudinal relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and psychological complaints using models with and without a time lag. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the relation between physical activity and sickness absence due to psychological complaints during the three year follow up study. RESULTS Only in workers with a sedentary job was strenuous leisure time physical activity (1-2 times per week) significantly associated with a reduced risk of future depression and emotional exhaustion. This was not the case for physical activity at higher frequencies (> or =3 times per week). There was a dose-response relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and poor general health which was strongest in workers with a sedentary job. Strenuous leisure time physical activity (1-2 times per week) was associated with a lower risk of long term absenteeism (>21 days), whereas physical activity at a higher frequency was not. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that strenuous leisure time physical activity might play a role in the prevention of future psychological complaints, poor general health, and long term absenteeism in a working population. Workers with a sedentary job seem to benefit more from strenuous leisure time physical activity than workers without a sedentary job.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bernaards
- Body@Work, Research Center Physical activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Netherlands.
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Barr W, Kirkcaldy A, Robinson J, Poustie VJ, Capewell S. A survey of psychological wellbeing in an adult population. Br J Community Nurs 2005; 10:260-5. [PMID: 15944508 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2005.10.6.18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The British government has called on all NHS staff to help promote good psychological wellbeing in the population. This article reports results from a survey conducted in Merseyside, England, into the prevalence of poor psychological wellbeing across a large part of the region. People registered with one of five Merseyside primary care trusts were stratified by age group and deprivation, and a questionnaire was mailed to 28,000 who had been randomly selected from those aged 15 or over. A total of 11,168 (45%) completed questionnaires were returned. Of these, 2,442 (21.9%) respondents rated their psychological wellbeing as fairly poor or very poor. Mean levels of psychological wellbeing were significantly worse in a number of readily identifiable groups within the population, but overall, the lowest wellbeing ratings were concentrated in the most socioeconomically deprived quartile. We make a number of practical suggestions for the role of the community nurse in promoting good psychological wellbeing in patients. We also highlight our finding that socioeconomic deprivation was strongly associated with poor psychological wellbeing, which was in turn associated with a lifestyle high in risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wally Barr
- Health and Community Care Research Unit, University of Liverpool.
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Bean JF, Vora A, Frontera WR. Benefits of exercise for community-dwelling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85:S31-42; quiz S43-4. [PMID: 15221722 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This focused review highlights the benefits of exercise and physical activity for community-dwelling older adults. It is part of the study guide on geriatric rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article specifically focuses on the benefits of physical activity and exercise for older adults with regard to morbidity, mortality, and disability. It discusses the appropriate preexercise screening and evaluation procedures for older adults contemplating exercise. Last, it reviews the current literature on the benefits of varying modes of exercise to modify the most prevalent chronic medical conditions of late life, including arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, pulmonary disease, and osteoporosis. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVE To summarize the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic benefits of exercise for community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Bean
- Spaulding-Cambridge Rehabilitation Center, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Lampinen P, Heikkinen E. Reduced mobility and physical activity as predictors of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults: an eight-year follow-up study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2003; 15:205-11. [PMID: 14582683 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological research suggests that reduced physical activity and mobility may be associated with depressive symptoms. The present study examines the relative roles of mobility status and physical activity as predictors of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The subjects comprised randomly selected, non-institutionalized residents of the city of Jyväskylä, central Finland, born in 1904-1923. At baseline, 80% (N = 1224) and after the 8-year follow-up period (1996) 88% (N = 663) of eligible persons were interviewed. All non-institutionalized men and women (N = 384) who participated in both baseline and follow-up interviews, who supplied data on the main questions of interest and who had no depressive symptoms at baseline, were selected for analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Finnish modified version of Beck's 13-item depression scale (RBDI). Physical activity was assessed on a seven-point scale. Mobility status was defined as the ability to walk two kilometers and climb one flight of stairs. RESULTS Subjects who were mobility-disabled and had a sedentary life-style had a higher risk (OR = 2.44) for depressive symptoms at follow-up than those who had good mobility and were physically active. The risk was also higher (OR = 1.99) in those who were mobility-disabled and had a physically active life-style, compared with physically active individuals with intact mobility. Those with good mobility had fewer depressive symptoms than those who had mobility problems, irrespective of the level of physical activity. No significant interaction was observed between physical activity and mobility in predicting the development of depressive symptoms. Older age significantly increased, and the number of chronic illnesses tended to increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms during the follow-up period. Gender and length of education were not significant predictors of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Mobility problems and older age seem to increase the risk for developing depressive symptoms in elderly people. The risk is not associated with the level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lampinen
- Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kahana E, Lawrence RH, Kahana B, Kercher K, Wisniewski A, Stoller E, Tobin J, Stange K. Long-term impact of preventive proactivity on quality of life of the old-old. Psychosom Med 2002; 64:382-94. [PMID: 12021413 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-200205000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research explored the long-term benefits of engaging in proactive health promotion efforts among old-old residents of Sunbelt retirement communities to empirically test components of the Preventive and Corrective Proactivity (PCP) Model of Successful Aging. Specifically, we examined the contributions of exercise, tobacco use, moderate alcohol use, and annual medical checkups to multidimensional quality of life indicators of physical health, psychological well-being, and mortality. METHOD Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of adaptation to aging. Annual in-home interviews were conducted with 1000 older adults over a 9-year period. Whether health promotion behaviors at baseline predicted quality of life outcomes 8 years later was examined, controlling for the baseline outcome, sociodemographic variables, and, as an additional test, baseline health conditions. RESULTS Exercise was predictive of fewer IADL limitations and greater longevity, positive affect, and meaning in life 8 years later. Avoiding tobacco was predictive of longevity. Before controlling for health conditions, exercise predicted decreased risk of basic activities of daily living limitations and having more goals; moderate alcohol use predicted longevity; annual health checkup predicted more IADL limitations; and having once smoked predicted having more IADL limitations and negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Among the old-old, exercise had long-term and multifaceted benefits over an 8-year period. Tobacco avoidance also contributed to long-term positive outcomes. These results lend support to the long-term preventive value of health-promoting proactivity spontaneously engaged in by old-old persons proposed in the framework of the PCP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kahana
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-9823, USA.
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