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Prado-Nóvoa O, Howard KR, Laskaridou E, Reid GR, Zorrilla-Revilla G, Marinik EL, Davy BM, Speakman JR, Davy KP. Validation of predictive equations to estimate resting metabolic rate of females and males across different activity levels. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24005. [PMID: 37843050 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using equations to predict resting metabolic rate (RMR) has yielded different degrees of validity, particularly when sex and different physical activity levels were considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of several different predictive equations to estimate RMR in female and male adults with varying physical activity levels. METHOD We measured the RMR of 50 adults (26 females and 24 males) evenly distributed through activity levels varying from sedentary to ultra-endurance. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was monitored by accelerometry. Ten equations to predict RMR were applied (using Body Mass [BM]: Harris & Benedict, 1919; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinBM]; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerBM]; Schofield, 1985; FAO/WHO/UNU, 2004; and using Fat-Free Mass (FFM): Cunningham, 1991; Johnstone et al., 2006; Mifflin et al., 1990 [MifflinFFM]; Nelson et al. 1992; Pontzer et al., 2021 [PontzerFFM]). The accuracy of these equations was analyzed, and the effect of sex and physical activity was evaluated using different accuracy metrics. RESULTS Equations using BM were less accurate for females, and their accuracy was influenced by physical activity and body composition. FFM equations were slightly less accurate for males but there was no obvious effect of physical activity or other sample parameters. PontzerFFM provides higher accuracy than other models independent of the magnitude of RMR, sex, activity levels, and sample characteristics. CONCLUSION Equations using FFM were more accurate than BM equations in our sample. Future studies are needed to test the accuracy of RMR prediction equations in diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Prado-Nóvoa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen R Howard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Glen R Reid
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Guillermo Zorrilla-Revilla
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Elaina L Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Jindapateep P, Sirichana W, Srisawat N, Srisuwanwattana W, Metta K, Sae-Eao N, Eiam-Ong S, Kittiskulnam P. A Proposed Predictive Equation for Energy Expenditure Estimation Among Noncritically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:115-124. [PMID: 37793468 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is identified more frequently in noncritical compared with intensive care settings. The prognosis of malnourished AKI patients is far worse than those with normal nutritional status. However, a method for estimating the optimal amount of energy required to guide nutritional support among noncritically ill AKI patients is yet to be determined. METHODS We evaluated the performance of weight-based formulas (20-30 kcal/kg/day) with the reference values of energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) among noncritically ill AKI patients during hospitalization. The statistics for assessing agreement, including total deviation index and accuracy within 10% represent the percentage of estimations falling within the IC value range of ±10%, were tested. Parameters for predicting the EE equation were also developed using a regression analysis model. RESULTS A total of 40 noncritically ill AKI patients were recruited. The mean age of participants was 62.5 ± 16.5 years with 50% being male. The average IC-derived EE was 1,124.6 ± 278.9 kcal/day with respiratory quotients 0.8-1.3, indicating good validity of the IC test. Receiving dialysis, protein catabolic rate, and age was not significantly associated with measured EE. Nearly all weight-based formulas overestimated measured EE. The magnitude of total deviation index values was broad with the proportion of patients achieving an accuracy of 10% being as low as 20%. The proposed equation to predict EE derived from this study was EE (kcal/day) = 618.27 + (8.98 x weight in kg) + 137.0 if diabetes - 199.7 if female (r2 = 0.68, P < .001). In the validation study with an independent group of noncritically ill AKI patients, predicted EE using the newly derived equation was also significantly correlated with measured EE by IC (r = 0.69, P = .004). CONCLUSION Estimation of EE by weight-based formulas usually overestimated measured EE among noncritically ill AKI patients. In the absence of IC, the proposed predictive equation, specifically for noncritically ill AKI patients might be useful, in addition to weight-based formulas, for guiding caloric dosing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patharasit Jindapateep
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawan Sirichana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kamonchanok Metta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Sae-Eao
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Cogan B, Cooper JA. Differential effects of nutritive and non-nutritive sweet mouth rinsing on appetite in adults with obesity. Appetite 2024; 193:107133. [PMID: 38000768 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive added sugar intake has been associated with obesity; however, the effect of dietary sweetness on energy intake (EI) and appetite in adults with and without obesity has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of mouth rinses with and without energy and sweetness on measures of appetite, and to compare responses between subjects with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind crossover study, 39 subjects (age 23±5y; 17 male, 22 female; BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2: n = 21; ≥30 kg/m2: n = 18) performed modified sham-feeding (MSF) with a mouth rinse containing either sucrose, sucralose, maltodextrin, or water for 2min before expectorating the solution. Blood sampling and subjective appetite assessments occurred at baseline (-5) and 15, 30, 60, and 90min post-MSF. After, EI was assessed at a buffet meal and post-meal appetite ratings were assessed hourly for 3h. RESULTS Post-MSF ghrelin increased for water vs. maltodextrin (water: p = 0.03). Post-MSF cholecystokinin increased following maltodextrin-MSF (p = 0.03) and sucralose-MSF (p = 0.005) vs. sucrose for those with BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2 only. There was greater post-MSF desire to eat in response to water vs. sucrose (p = 0.03) and reduced fullness with sucralose for those with BMI≥30 vs. 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). There was no difference in EI at the buffet meal by mouth rinse (p = 0.98) or by BMI (p = 0.12). However, there was greater post-meal fullness following sucralose-MSF vs. water (p = 0.03) and sucrose (p = 0.004) for those with BMI≥30 vs. 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. CONCLUSION Sucralose rinsing led to greater cephalic phase CCK release in adults with a BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2 only; however, ghrelin responses to unsweetened rinses were energy-specific for all adults. As subsequent EI was unaffected, further investigation of cephalic phase appetite is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Cogan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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O'Neill JER, Corish CA, Horner K. Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2373-2398. [PMID: 37632665 PMCID: PMC10687135 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations are often used to calculate RMR in athletes; however, their accuracy and precision can vary greatly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine which RMR prediction equations are (i) most accurate (average predicted values closest to measured values) and (ii) most precise (number of individuals within 10% of measured value). DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 2021 was conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional observational studies, case studies or any other study wherein RMR, measured by indirect calorimetry, was compared with RMR predicted via prediction equations in adult athletes were included. ANALYSIS A narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis (where possible) was conducted. To explore heterogeneity and factors influencing accuracy, subgroup analysis was conducted based on sex, body composition measurement method, athlete characteristics (athlete status, energy availability, body weight), and RMR measurement characteristics (adherence to best practice guidelines, test preparation and prior physical activity). RESULTS Twenty-nine studies (mixed sports/disciplines n = 8, endurance n = 5, recreational exercisers n = 5, rugby n = 3, other n = 8), with a total of 1430 participants (822 F, 608 M) and 100 different RMR prediction equations were included. Eleven equations satisfied criteria for meta-analysis for accuracy. Effect sizes for accuracy ranged from 0.04 to - 1.49. Predicted RMR values did not differ significantly from measured values for five equations (Cunningham (1980), Harris-Benedict (1918), Cunningham (1991), De Lorenzo, Ten-Haaf), whereas all others significantly underestimated or overestimated RMR (p < 0.05) (Mifflin-St. Jeor, Owen, FAO/WHO/UNU, Nelson, Koehler). Of the five equations, large heterogeneity was observed for all (p < 0.05, I2 range: 80-93%) except the Ten-Haaf (p = 0.48, I2 = 0%). Significant differences between subgroups were observed for some but not all equations for sex, athlete status, fasting status prior to RMR testing, and RMR measurement methodology. Nine equations satisfied criteria for meta-analysis for precision. Of the nine equations, the Ten-Haaf was found to be the most precise, predicting 80.2% of participants to be within ± 10% of measured values with all others ranging from 40.7 to 63.7%. CONCLUSION Many RMR prediction equations have been used in athletes, which can differ widely in accuracy and precision. While no single equation is guaranteed to be superior, the Ten-Haaf (age, weight, height) equation appears to be the most accurate and precise in most situations. Some equations are documented as consistently underperforming and should be avoided. Choosing a prediction equation based on a population of similar characteristics (physical characteristics, sex, sport, athlete status) is preferable. Caution is warranted when interpreting RMR ratio of measured to predicted values as a proxy of energy availability from a single measurement. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020218212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Eoin Rua O'Neill
- Institute for Sport and Health and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katy Horner
- Institute for Sport and Health and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Fields JB, Magee MK, Jones MT, Askow AT, Camic CL, Luedke J, Jagim AR. The accuracy of ten common resting metabolic rate prediction equations in men and women collegiate athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1973-1982. [PMID: 36168819 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2130098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Predictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations are widely used to determine total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). However, it remains unclear whether these predictive RMR equations accurately predict TDEE in the athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of 10 commonly used RMR prediction equations (Cunningham, De Lorenzo, Freire, Harris-Benedict, Mifflin St. Jeor, Nelson, Owen, Tinsley, Watson, Schofield) in collegiate men and women athletes. One-hundred eighty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III men (n = 97) and women (n = 90) athletes were recruited to participate in one day of metabolic testing. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry and body composition was analyzed using air displacement plethysmography. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses was selected to determine mean differences between measured and predicted RMR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each RMR prediction method (p<0.05). All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR (p<0.001), although there was no difference between the De Lorenzo and Watson equations and measured RMR (p = 1.00) for women, only. In men, the Tinsley and Freire equations were the most agreeable formulas with the lowest root-mean-square prediction error value of 404 and 412 kcals, respectively. In women, the De Lorenzo and Watson equations were the most agreeable equations with the lowest root-mean-squared error value of 171 and 211 kcals, respectively. The results demonstrate that such RMR equations may underestimate actual energy requirements of athletes and thus, practitioners should interpret such values with caution.Highlights All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR in men athletes.All prediction equations, except for the De Lorenzo and Watson equations, significantly underestimated RMR in women athletes.Although a significant underestimation of RMR in men athletes, the Freire and Tinsley equations were the most agreeable prediction equations.In women athletes, the De Lorenzo and Watson equations were the most agreeable prediction equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Fields
- Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Meghan K Magee
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Kinesiology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
- Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Andrew T Askow
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL,, USA
| | - Clayton L Camic
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Joel Luedke
- Sports Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Sports Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
- Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI, USA
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6
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Westerterp KR. Predicting resting energy expenditure: a critical appraisal. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:953-958. [PMID: 37391582 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most commonly used prediction models for resting energy expenditure (REE) are Harris-Benedict (1919), Schofield (1985), Owen (1986), and Mifflin-St Jeor (1990), based on height, weight, age and gender, and Cunningham (1991), based on body composition. METHODS Here, the five models are compared with reference data, consisting of individual REE measurements (n = 353) from 14 studies, covering a large range of participant characteristics. RESULTS For white adults, prediction of REE with the Harris-Benedict model approached measured REE most closely, with estimates within 10% for more than 70% of the reference population. DISCUSSION Sources of differences between measured and predicted REE include measurement validity and measurement conditions. Importantly, a 12- to 14-h overnight fast may not be sufficient to reach post-absorptive conditions and may explain differences between predicted REE and measured REE. In both cases complete fasting REE may not have been achieved, especially in participants with high energy intake. CONCLUSION In white adults, measured resting energy expenditure was closest to predicted values with the classic Harris-Benedict model. Suggestions for improving resting energy expenditure measurements, as well as prediction models, include the definition of post-absorptive conditions, representing complete fasting conditions with respiratory exchange ratio as indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas R Westerterp
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Seva DC, Mônico-Neto M, Antunes HKM, Pino JMV, Bittencourt LRA, Galvão TD, Dâmaso AR, Oyama LM, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Tufik S, da Silveira Campos RM. Beneficial Short-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Nutritional Inflammatory Profile and Metabolic Biomarkers. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2789-2798. [PMID: 37540480 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery (BS) has several potential metabolic benefits. However, little is known about its impact on changes in the inflammatory potential of diet and its effect on inflammatory and metabolic markers. This study aimed to assess the short-term beneficial effects of BS on dietary inflammatory potential and inflammatory and metabolic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants (n = 20) were evaluated 3 months before and after BS. Body mass, body mass index, anthropometric measurements, fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, serum lipids, HOMA-IR, QUICKI and inflammatory markers, including leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were evaluated. Diet data were collected using a 3-day diet record and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) scores were computed. RESULTS There was a reduction in DII® (2.56 vs 2.13) and E-DIITM (2.18 vs 0.45) indicating an improvement in inflammatory nutritional profile. Moreover, there were increases in the adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.08 vs 0.21) and QUICKI scores (0.31 vs 0.37), and reductions in leptin (36.66 vs 11.41 ng/ml) and HOMA-IR scores (3.93 vs 1.50). There were also improvements in body composition and anthropometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS BS promotes changes in metabolic profile, inflammatory state and food intake and these modifications appeared to be associated with improvements in diet-related inflammation, an increase in the adiponectin/leptin ratio and a reduction in leptin. These results contribute to knowledge on the contribution bariatric surgery can make to the treatment of obesity and the reduction of related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristina Seva
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Silva Jardim, 136 - Térreo, Vila Matias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
| | - Marcos Mônico-Neto
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Silva Jardim, 136 - Térreo, Vila Matias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- BariMais - Medicina Integrada, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Silva Jardim, 136 - Térreo, Vila Matias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Lia Rita Azeredo Bittencourt
- Post Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana R Dâmaso
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Post Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Silva Jardim, 136 - Térreo, Vila Matias, Santos, 11015020, Brazil
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Jagim AR, Jones MT, Askow AT, Luedke J, Erickson JL, Fields JB, Kerksick CM. Sex Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate among Athletes and Association with Body Composition Parameters: A Follow-Up Investigation. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:109. [PMID: 37606404 PMCID: PMC10443258 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and associations between measured RMR and body composition parameters in athletes. One-hundred and ninety collegiate men (n = 98; age: 20.1 ± 1.6 yr.; body mass: 92.7 ± 17.5 kg; height: 181.6 ± 6.2 cm, body mass index: 28.0 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and women (n = 92; age: 19.4 ± 1.1 yr.; body mass: 65.2 ± 11.0 kg; height: 168.0 ± 6.6 cm, body mass index: 23.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Athletes completed a body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography and RMR using indirect calorimetry. Assessments were completed in a fasted state and after refraining from intense physical activity > 24 h prior to testing. Data were collected during the 2016-2019 seasons. Men had a higher RMR compared to women (2595 ± 433 vs. 1709 ± 308 kcals; p < 0.001); however, when adjusted for body mass (p = 0.064) and fat-free mass (p = 0.084), the observed differences were not significant. Height, body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass, and fat mass were positively associated with RMR in both men and women athletes (r = 0.4-0.8; p < 0.001). Body mass (men: β = 0.784; women: β = 0.832)) was the strongest predictor of RMR. Men athletes have a higher absolute RMR compared to their women counterparts, which is influenced by greater body mass and fat-free mass. Body mass is the strongest predictor of RMR in both men and women athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Jagim
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA; (A.R.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.E.)
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Margaret T. Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Andrew T. Askow
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Joel Luedke
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA; (A.R.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Jacob L. Erickson
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA; (A.R.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Jennifer B. Fields
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA;
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Watson L, Cole TJ, Lyons G, Georgiou C, Worsley J, Carr K, Murgatroyd P, Moran C, Chatterjee K, Venables M. Centile reference chart for resting metabolic rate through the life course. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:545-549. [PMID: 36863849 PMCID: PMC7614669 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reference centile charts are widely used for the assessment of growth and have progressed from describing height and weight to include body composition variables such as fat and lean mass. Here, we present centile charts for an index of resting energy expenditure (REE) or metabolic rate, adjusted for lean mass versus age, including both children and adults across the life course. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION Measurements of REE by indirect calorimetry and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were made in 411 healthy children and adults (age range 6-64 years) and serially in a patient with resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα) between age 15 and 21 years during thyroxine therapy. SETTING NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, UK. RESULTS The centile chart indicates substantial variability, with the REE index ranging between 0.41 and 0.59 units at age 6 years, and 0.28 and 0.40 units at age 25 years (2nd and 98th centile, respectively). The 50th centile of the index ranged from 0.49 units (age 6 years) to 0.34 units (age 25 years). Over 6 years, the REE index of the patient with RTHα varied from 0.35 units (25th centile) to 0.28 units (<2nd centile), depending on changes in lean mass and adherence to treatment. CONCLUSION We have developed a reference centile chart for an index of resting metabolic rate in childhood and adults, and shown its clinical utility in assessing response to therapy of an endocrine disorder during a patient's transition from childhood to adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Watson
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim J Cole
- Population Policy and Practice Programme, UCL, London, UK
| | - Greta Lyons
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Katherine Carr
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Carla Moran
- Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Venables
- Stable Isotopes Laboratory, Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit and Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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van Galen KA, Schrantee A, Ter Horst KW, la Fleur SE, Booij J, Constable RT, Schwartz GJ, DiLeone RJ, Serlie MJ. Brain responses to nutrients are severely impaired and not reversed by weight loss in humans with obesity: a randomized crossover study. Nat Metab 2023:10.1038/s42255-023-00816-9. [PMID: 37308722 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-ingestive nutrient signals to the brain regulate eating behaviour in rodents, and impaired responses to these signals have been associated with pathological feeding behaviour and obesity. To study this in humans, we performed a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover study in 30 humans with a healthy body weight (females N = 12, males N = 18) and 30 humans with obesity (females N = 18, males N = 12). We assessed the effect of intragastric glucose, lipid and water (noncaloric isovolumetric control) infusions on the primary endpoints cerebral neuronal activity and striatal dopamine release, as well as on the secondary endpoints plasma hormones and glucose, hunger scores and caloric intake. To study whether impaired responses in participants with obesity would be partially reversible with diet-induced weight loss, imaging was repeated after 10% diet-induced weight loss. We show that intragastric glucose and lipid infusions induce orosensory-independent and preference-independent, nutrient-specific cerebral neuronal activity and striatal dopamine release in lean participants. In contrast, participants with obesity have severely impaired brain responses to post-ingestive nutrients. Importantly, the impaired neuronal responses are not restored after diet-induced weight loss. Impaired neuronal responses to nutritional signals may contribute to overeating and obesity, and ongoing resistance to post-ingestive nutrient signals after significant weight loss may in part explain the high rate of weight regain after successful weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A van Galen
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper W Ter Horst
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location AMC, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism Endocrinology Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location AMC, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism Endocrinology Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Todd Constable
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ralph J DiLeone
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location AMC, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Metabolism Endocrinology Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Cifuentes L, Ghusn W, Feris F, Campos A, Sacoto D, De la Rosa A, McRae A, Rieck T, Mansfield S, Ewoldt J, Friend J, Grothe K, Lennon RJ, Hurtado MD, Clark MM, Camilleri M, Hensrud DD, Acosta A. Phenotype tailored lifestyle intervention on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity: a single-centre, non-randomised, proof-of-concept study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58:101923. [PMID: 37007741 PMCID: PMC10050763 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle interventions for weight loss are currently not individualised to underlying pathophysiology and behavioral traits in obesity. We aim to compare the outcome of a standard lifestyle intervention (SLI) to phenotype-tailored lifestyle interventions (PLI) on weight loss, cardiometabolic risk factors and physiologic variables contributing to obesity. Methods This 12-week, single-centre non-randomised proof-of-concept clinical trial including men and women aged 18-65 years with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 without history of any bariatric procedure, and current use of any medication known to affect weight. Participants lived anywhere in the United States, and underwent in-person testing in Rochester, MN at a teaching hospital. All participants completed in-person phenotype testing at baseline and after 12 weeks. Participants were assigned to their intervention based on their period of enrollment. In the first phase, participants were assigned to SLI with a low-calorie diet (LCD), moderate physical activity, and weekly behavioral therapy sessions. In the second phase, other participants were assigned to PLI according to phenotype: abnormal satiation (time-restricted volumetric LCD); abnormal postprandial satiety (LCD with pre-meal protein supplementation); emotional eating (LCD with intensive behavioral therapy); and abnormal resting energy expenditure (LCD with post-workout protein supplementation and high-intensity interval training). The primary outcome was total body weight loss in kg at 12 weeks using multiple imputation for missing data. Linear models estimated the association of study group allocation and study endpoints adjusting for age, sex, and baseline weight. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04073394. Findings Between July 2020 and August 2021, 211 participants were screened, and 165 were assigned to one of the two treatments in the two phases: 81 SLI (mean [SD] age 42.9 [12] years; 79% women; BMI 38.0 [6.0]) and 84 PLI (age 44.8 [12.2] years; 83% women; BMI 38.7 [6.9]); 146 completed the 12-week programs. The weight loss was -7.4 kg (95%CI, -8.8, -6.0) with PLI vs. -4.3 kg (95%CI, -5.8, -2.7) with SLI (difference, -3.1 kg [95%CI, -5.1 to -1.1]; P = 0.004). No adverse events were reported in any group. Interpretation Phenotype-tailored lifestyle interventions may result in significant weight loss, but a randomised controlled trial is required to confirm causality. Funding Mayo Clinic; NIH (K23-DK114460).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wissam Ghusn
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fauzi Feris
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro Campos
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Sacoto
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan De la Rosa
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alison McRae
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thom Rieck
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Mansfield
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Ewoldt
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jamie Friend
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karen Grothe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan J. Lennon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria D. Hurtado
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew M. Clark
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Donald D. Hensrud
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. Mayo Clinic, Mayo W5A, 200 First St. S.W, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. Mayo Clinic, Charlton 8-142 200 First St. S.W, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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12
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Łuszczki E, Jagielski P, Bartosiewicz A, Dereń K, Matłosz P, Kuchciak M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Mazur A. Development and validation of new predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in physically active boys. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4527. [PMID: 36941327 PMCID: PMC10027683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement or estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be the first step in determining energy demand in physically active boys. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate new equations for resting energy expenditure in male children and adolescents practicing soccer. The cross-sectional studywas carried out among 184 boys in the derivation group and 148 boys in the validation group (mean age 13.20 ± 2.16 years and 13.24 ± 1.75 years, respectively). The calorimeter and device for assessing body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were used. Model of multiple regression showed that REE can be predicted in this population with Eq. (1) (with height and weight data) or Eq. (2) (with age, height, and fat free mass data). Predictive Eq. (1) had an average error of 51 ± 199 kcal and predictive Eq. (2) - 39 ± 193 kcal. Cohen's d coefficient was 0.2, which confirms the small difference. The bias was 4.7% and 3.9%, respectively. The accuracy was 61.2% in the population for predictive Eq. (1) and 66.2% for predictive Eq. (2). Therefore, the new equations developed and validated in this study are recommended for the estimation of REE in physically active boys, when the use of IC is not feasible or available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Matłosz
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuchciak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
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13
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Iraki J, Paulsen G, Garthe I, Slater G, Areta JL. Reliability of resting metabolic rate between and within day measurements using the Vyntus CPX system and comparison against predictive formulas. Nutr Health 2023; 29:107-114. [PMID: 34931931 PMCID: PMC10009490 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211057324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: To detect longitudinal changes of resting metabolic rate (RMR) resulting from the effects of energetic stress, reliable RMR measurements are crucial. The Vyntus CPX is a new automated indirect calorimetry system for which RMR reliability has not been determined. Additionally, its agreement with common predictive RMR formulas is unknown. Aim: To determine the within and between-day reliability of RMR measurements using the Vyntus CPX system and its agreement with predictive RMR formulas. Methods: Young (31 ± 7 years) healthy participants (n = 26, 12 females, 14 males) completed three measurements of RMR, two consecutive measures on the same day, one the day before/after, all under standardised conditions. Reliability was assessed with pairwise comparisons of between-day at the same time (BDST), within day consecutive measurements (WDCM) and between-day different time (BDDT), for parameters of reliability (mean change (MC), intraclass correlation (ICC) and typical error of measurement (TEM)). Measured RMR values (kcal/day) were compared against predictive values of 4 common formulas. Results: Parameters of reliability (mean, (95% confidence interval)) were: -BDST: MC, 0.2(-2.3-2.7)% (p = 0.67); ICC, 0.92(0.84-0.97); TEM, 4.5(3.5-6.2)%. -WDCM: MC, -2.5(-6.2-1.3)% (p = 0.21); ICC, 0.88(0.74-0.88); TEM, 7.0(5.4-9.8)%. -BDDT: MC, -1.5(-4.8-1.9)% (p = 0.57); ICC, 0.90(0.76-0.95); TEM, 6.1(4.8-8.5)%. RMRratios (measured/predicted) were: 1.04 ± 0.14 (Nelson, p = 0.13), 1.03 ± 0.10 (Mifflin, p = 0.21), 0.98 ± 0.09 (Harris-benedict, p = 0.30), 0.95 ± 0.11 (Cunningham1980, p = 0.01), 1.00 ± 0.12 (Cunningham1991, p = 0.90) and 0.96 ± 0.13 (DXA, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The Vyntus CPX is reliable and measured RMR values agreed with four predictive formulas but are lower than Cunningham1980 and DXA RMR estimates for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iraki
- Iraki Nutrition, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - G Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Slater
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, 5333University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - J L Areta
- Research institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Batista LD, Valentini Neto J, Grande de França NA, Lima Ribeiro SM, Fisberg RM. Body composition affects the accuracy of predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure in older adults: An exploratory study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:80-86. [PMID: 36657934 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the accuracy of ten different predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in a sample of Brazilian older adults and develop a predictive equation for estimating REE based on body composition data. METHODS A cross-sectional study with thirty-eight Brazilian older adults aged 60-84 years, who had their REE measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and BC assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). REE was compared to the estimation of ten predictive equations, and the differences between BC and anthropometric-based equations were investigated using Bland-Altman plots and Lin's concordance correlation. Accuracy was evaluated considering ±10% of the ratio between estimated and measured REE. RESULTS The sample was composed of 57.9% men, with a mean age of 68.1 (5.8) years, and a mean REE by IC of 1528 (451) kcal. The highest accuracy was 47.4% obtained by Luhrmann and Fredrix equations, and the lowest accuracy was 13.2% reached by Weigle equation. In general, the proportion of underestimation was higher than overestimation. All anthropometric-based equations presented a good agreement with REE from IC. For those equations derived from BC, however, three of them reached only a moderate agreement. In terms of accuracy, all equations presented lower than 50% of accurate prediction of REE. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of older adults, previous predictive equations to estimate REE did not show good accuracy, and those based on BC presented even worse results, showing that changes in BC related to aging could impact the accuracy of these equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Duarte Batista
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Valentini Neto
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natasha Aparecida Grande de França
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Sellers AJ, Khovalyg D, Plasqui G, van Marken Lichtenbelt W. High daily energy expenditure of Tuvan nomadic pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20127. [PMID: 36418413 PMCID: PMC9684425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research investigating thermoregulatory energy costs in free-living humans is limited. We determined the total energy expenditure (TEE) of Tuvan pastoralists living in an extreme cold environment and explored the contribution of physical activity and cold-induced thermogenesis. Twelve semi-nomadic pastoralists (47 ± 8 years, 64 ± 8 kg) living under traditional circumstances, in Tuva, south-central Siberia, Russia, were observed during two consecutive 6-day periods in winter. TEE was measured via the doubly labelled water technique. Skin and ambient temperatures, and physical activity were continuously monitored. The outdoor temperature during the observation period was - 27.4 ± 5.4 °C. During the daytime, the participants were exposed to ambient temperatures below 0 °C for 297 ± 131 min/day. The Tuvan pastoralists were more physically active compared to western populations (609 ± 90 min/day of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity). In addition, TEE was 13.49 ± 1.33 MJ/day (3224 ± 318 kcal/day), which was significantly larger by 17% and 31% than predicted by body mass, and fat-free mass, respectively. Our research suggests the daily cold exposure combined with high levels of physical activity contributed to the elevated TEE. Future research should reconsider the assumption that energy costs due to thermoregulation are negligible in free-living humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Sellers
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dolaana Khovalyg
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Laboratory of Integrated Comfort Engineering (ICE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Plasqui
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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16
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Predictive Equation to Estimate Resting Metabolic Rate in Older Chilean Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153199. [PMID: 35956375 PMCID: PMC9370421 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) depends on body fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), whereas abdominal fat distribution is an aspect that has yet to be adequately studied. The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of waist circumference (WC) in predicting RMR and propose a specific estimation equation for older Chilean women. This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 45 women between the ages of 60 and 85 years. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and WC were evaluated. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and %FM using the Siri equation. Adequacy (90% to 110%), overestimation (>110%), and underestimation (<90%) of the FAO/WHO/UNU, Harris−Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, and Carrasco equations, as well as those of the proposed equation, were evaluated in relation to RMR as measured by IC. Normal distribution was determined according to the Shapiro−Wilk test. The relationship of body composition and WC with RMR IC was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The RMR IC was 1083.6 ± 171.9 kcal/day, which was significantly and positively correlated with FFM, body weight, WC, and FM and inversely correlated with age (p < 0.001). Among the investigated equations, our proposed equation showed the best adequacy and lowest overestimation. The predictive formulae that consider WC improve RMR prediction, thus preventing overestimation in older women.
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17
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Resting metabolic rate in bodybuilding: Differences between indirect calorimetry and predictive equations. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:239-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Limon-Miro AT, Jackson CD, Eslamparast T, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Plank LD, Henry CJ, Madden AM, Ferreira LG, Kalaitzakis E, Prieto de Frías C, Knudsen AW, Gramlich L, Raman M, Alberda C, Belland D, Den Heyer V, Tandon P, Morgan MY. Predicted estimates of resting energy expenditure have limited clinical utility in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:98-107. [PMID: 35090958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Accurate assessment of energy requirements is needed to optimize dietary intake. Resting energy expenditure (REE), the major component of total energy expenditure, can be measured using indirect calorimetry (mREE) or estimated using prediction equations (pREE). This study assessed the usefulness of predicted estimates of REE in this patient population. METHODS Individual mREE data were available for 900 patients with cirrhosis (mean [±1 SD] age 55.7±11.6 years-old; 70% men; 52% south-east Asian) and 282 healthy controls (mean age 36.0±12.8 years-old; 52% men; 18% south-east Asian). Metabolic status was classified using thresholds based on the mean ± 1 SD of the mREE in the healthy controls. Comparisons were made between mREE and pREE estimates obtained using the Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Schofield and Henry equations. Stepwise regression was used to build 3 new prediction models which included sex, ethnicity, body composition measures, and model for end-stage liver disease scores. RESULTS The mean mREE was significantly higher in patients than controls when referenced to dry body weight (22.4±3.8 cf. 20.8±2.6 kcal/kg/24 hr; p <0.001); there were no significant sex differences. The mean mREE was significantly higher in Caucasian than Asian patients (23.1±4.4 cf. 21.7±2.9 kcal/kg/24 hr; p <0.001). Overall, 37.1% of Caucasian and 25.3% of Asian patients were classified as hypermetabolic. The differences between mREE and pREE were both statistically and clinically relevant; in the total patient population, pREE estimates ranged from 501 kcal/24 hr less to 548 kcal/24 hr more than the mREE. Newly derived prediction equations provided better estimates of mREE but still had limited clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS Prediction equations do not provide useful estimates of REE in patients with cirrhosis. REE should be directly measured. LAY SUMMARY People with cirrhosis are often malnourished and this has a detrimental effect on outcome. Provision of an adequate diet is very important and is best achieved by measuring daily energy requirements and adjusting dietary intake accordingly. Prediction equations, which use information on age, sex, weight, and height can be used to estimate energy requirements; however, the results they provide are not accurate enough for clinical use, particularly as they vary according to sex and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive Douglas Jackson
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Angela Mary Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Livia Garcia Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - Evangelos Kalaitzakis
- Gastro Unit, Division of Endoscopy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Anne Wilkens Knudsen
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Leah Gramlich
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cathy Alberda
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dawn Belland
- University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vanessa Den Heyer
- University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Health Services Nutrition Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Marsha Yvonne Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, UK.
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Siddiqui MS, Patel S, Forsgren M, Bui AT, Shen S, Syed T, Boyett S, Chen S, Sanyal AJ, Wolver S, Kirkman D, Celi FS, Bhati CS. Differential fuel utilization in liver transplant recipients and its relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2022; 42:1401-1409. [PMID: 35129295 PMCID: PMC9189602 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metabolic flexibility is the ability to match biofuel availability to utilization. Reduced metabolic flexibility, or lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the fasted state, is associated with obesity. The present study evaluated metabolic flexibility after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS Patients receiving LT for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 35) and non-NASH (n = 10) were enrolled. NASH was chosen as these patients are at the highest risk of metabolic complications. Metabolic flexibility was measured using whole-body calorimetry and expressed as respiratory quotient (RQ), which ranges from 0.7 (pure FA oxidation) to 1.0 is (carbohydrate oxidation). RESULTS The two cohorts were similar except for a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the NASH cohort. Post-prandially, RQ increased in both cohorts (i.e. greater carbohydrate utilization) but peak RQ and time at peak RQ was higher in the NASH cohort. Fasting RQ in NASH was significantly higher (0.845 vs. 0.772, p < .001), indicative of impaired FA utilization. In subgroup analysis of the NASH cohort, body mass index but not liver fat content (MRI-PDFF) was an independent predictor of fasting RQ. In NASH, fasting RQ inversely correlated with fat-free muscle volume and directly with visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Reduced metabolic flexibility in patients transplanted for NASH cirrhosis may precede the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Samarth Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA,Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHunter‐Holmes McGuire VARichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Mikael Forsgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Anh T. Bui
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Steve Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Taseen Syed
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sherry Boyett
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Susan Wolver
- Department of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Danielle Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Chandra S. Bhati
- Division of Transplant SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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Influence of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate on increased food reinforcement after exercise training. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Models of appetite control have been largely based on negative feedback from gut and adipose signaling to central appetite centers. However, contemporary models posit that fat-free mass (FFM) or the energy demand of FFM [i.e., resting metabolic rate (RMR)] may play a primary role in the motivational drive for food intake (i.e., food reinforcement). The relative reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) is associated with energy intake (EI) and increases with an acute energy deficit. Chronic exercise-induced energy deficits lead to alterations in fat mass (FM), FFM, and RMR and provide an opportunity to test whether change in (∆) FM, ∆FFM, ∆usual EI, or ∆RMR are associated with ∆RRVfood.
Methods
Participants (n = 29, BMI = 25–35 kg/m2) engaged in aerobic exercise expending 300 or 600 kcal, 5 days/weeks for 12 weeks. The reinforcing value of food (PMaxfood) was measured via a computer-based operant responding task and RRVfood was calculated as the reinforcing value of food relative to non-eating sedentary behaviors. RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry and body composition by DXA.
Results
Post-training FFM correlated with usual post-training EI (rs = 0.41, p < 0.05), PMaxfood (rs=0.52, p < 0.01), and RMR (rs = 0.85, p < 0.0001). ∆RMR negatively correlated with ∆PMaxfood (rs = − 0.38, p < 0.05) and with ∆RRVfood (rs = − 0.37, p < 0.05). ∆PMaxfood and ∆RRVfood were not associated with ∆FFM (p = 0.71, p = 0.57, respectively).
Conclusions
Reductions in RMR with weight loss may increase food reinforcement as means of restoring FFM and RMR to pre-weight loss amounts. Limiting reductions in RMR during weight loss may benefit weight maintenance by restricting increases in food reinforcement after weight loss.
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Luo W, Kramer R, de Kort Y, Rense P, van Marken Lichtenbelt W. The effects of a novel personal comfort system on thermal comfort, physiology and perceived indoor environmental quality, and its health implications - Stimulating human thermoregulation without compromising thermal comfort. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12951. [PMID: 34724246 PMCID: PMC9298036 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The classical textbook interpretation of thermal comfort is that it occurs when the thermoregulatory effort is minimized. However, stimulating human thermoregulatory systems may benefit health and increase body thermal resilience. To address this gap, we tested a novel personal comfort system (PCS) that targets only the extremities and the head, leaving the rest of the body exposed to a moderately drifting temperature (17-25°C). A randomized, cross-over study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, mimicking an office setting. Eighteen participants completed two scenarios, one with a PCS and another one without a PCS in 17-25°C ambient conditions. The results indicate that the PCS improved thermal comfort in 17-23°C and retained active thermoregulatory control. The torso skin temperature, underarm-finger temperature gradients, energy expenditure, substrate oxidations and physical activity were not affected by the PCS in most cases. Only slight changes in cardiovascular responses were observed between the two scenarios. Moreover, the PCS boosted pleasure and arousal. At 25°C, the PCS did not improve thermal comfort, but significantly improved air quality perceptions and mitigated eye strain. These findings suggest that human physiological thermoregulation can be stimulated without compromising thermal comfort by using a PCS that only targets the extremities in cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Rick Kramer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of the Built EnvironmentEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Kort
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation SciencesEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Pascal Rense
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Drabsch T, Junker D, Bayer S, Wu M, Held C, Karampinos DC, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Association Between Adipose Tissue Proton Density Fat Fraction, Resting Metabolic Rate and FTO Genotype in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:804874. [PMID: 35295982 PMCID: PMC8919670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.804874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between supraclavicular and gluteal adipose tissue might indicate the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between PDFF over the supraclavicular fat region as a proxy of BAT proportion and resting metabolic rate (RMR). In addition, the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085 at the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene locus and both PDFF and RMR was investigated. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle data from 92 healthy adults (66.3% females, mean age: 36.2 ± 13.0 years, mean body mass index: 24.9 ± 5.4 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for the measurement of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) volumes and for the measurement of adipose tissue PDFF. RESULTS Mean RMR of the whole group was 1 474.8 ± 242.2 kcal. Genotype data was available for 90 participants. After adjustment for age, sex, weight change and fat-free mass (FFM), no association was found between supraclavicular PDFF (p = 0.346) and gluteal PDFF (p = 0.252), respectively, and RMR, whereas statistically significant evidence for a negative association between delta PDFF (difference between gluteal PDFF and supraclavicular PDFF) and RMR (p = 0.027) was obtained. No statistically significant evidence was observed for per FTO risk allele change in RMR, gluteal and supraclavicular PDFF maps or volumes of VAT and SAT. CONCLUSIONS Supraclavicular PDFF as a surrogate marker of BAT presence is not a determinant of RMR under basal conditions. In the present study, the FTO rs1421085 variant is not associated with either RMR or PDFF. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of BAT on RMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cora Held
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else-Kroener-Fresenius Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Holzapfel,
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The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6213035. [PMID: 34976098 PMCID: PMC8716205 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6213035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background It is uncertain if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) in adults. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the overall effects of omega-3 on RMR. Methods Both PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched up to April 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Random- and fixed-effects models were utilized in order to obtain pooled estimates of omega-3 supplementation impacts on RMR, using weight mean difference (WMD). Results Seven studies including a total of 245 participants were included. There was significantly higher FFM-adjusted RMR in the intervention group than the control group (WMD: 26.666 kcal/kg/day, 95% CI: 9.010 to 44.322, p=0.003). Study quality showed that four of seven included studies were of high quality. However, there was no significant difference in results in the subgroup analysis according to the quality of studies. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes for sex (for women: WMD = 151.793 kcal/day, 95% CI = 62.249 to 241.337, p=0.001) and BMI (for BMI > 25: WMD = 82.208 kcal/day, 95% CI = 0.937 to 163.480, p=0.047). Influence analysis indicated no outlier among inclusions. Conclusion The current study depicted that omega-3 polyunsaturated acids can significantly increase RMR in adults. However, further assessments of omega-3 supplementation therapy are critical to monitor its long-term outcomes and potential clinical application.
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Underweight but not underfat: is fat-free mass a key factor in constitutionally thin women? Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1764-1770. [PMID: 33772214 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional thinness is defined as a state of severe underweight with a body mass index similar to anorectic patients (BMI < 17.5 kg/m2), in the absence of any eating disorders or other obvious disruptive factors impacting energy balance. The analysis of body composition is essential as a first approach to characterize constitutional thinness and might help identify new discriminating differences between constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa. A meta-analytical approach was performed to compare body composition of constitutionally thin, anorectic, and normal-weight subjects from all available studies found in the literature. The statistical analysis was carried out on large sample sizes: n = 205 females with constitutional thinness, n = 228 normal-weight control females, and n = 258 females with anorexia nervosa. Despite being as underweight as anorectic patients, constitutionally thin participants paradoxically presented higher percentages of fat mass than anorectic patients (18.9% vs. 11.4%, respectively; SMD [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.16; 2.08]), even found in the normal healthy ranges. Constitutionally thin people, however, display as low fat-free mass as anorectic patients. These observations question the use of high-fat diets in this population and bring new insights for nutrition and/or training strategies directed toward muscle mass gain. The present results give new elements to further distinguish constitutional thinness from anorexia nervosa and reinforce the need to better investigate the atypical phenotype of constitutional thinness.
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Branched Chain Amino Acid Supplementation to a Hypocaloric Diet Does Not Affect Resting Metabolic Rate but Increases Postprandial Fat Oxidation Response in Overweight and Obese Adults after Weight Loss Intervention. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124245. [PMID: 34959797 PMCID: PMC8708242 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation is reported to aid in lean mass preservation, which may in turn minimize the reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) during weight loss. Our study aimed to examine the effect of BCAA supplementation to a hypocaloric diet on RMR and substrate utilization during a weight loss intervention. Methods: A total of 111 Chinese subjects comprising 55 males and 56 females aged 21 to 45 years old with BMI between 25 and 36 kg/m2 were randomized into three hypocaloric diet groups: (1) standard-protein (14%) with placebo (CT), (2) standard-protein with BCAA, and (3) high-protein (27%) with placebo. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RMR, carbohydrate, and fat oxidation before and after 16 weeks of dietary intervention. Results: RMR was reduced from 1600 ± 270 kcal/day to 1500 ± 264 kcal/day (p < 0.0005) after weight loss, but no significant differences in the change of RMR, respiratory quotient, and percentage of fat and carbohydrate oxidation were observed among the three diet groups. Subjects with BCAA supplementation had an increased postprandial fat (p = 0.021) and decreased postprandial carbohydrate (p = 0.044) oxidation responses compared to the CT group after dietary intervention. Conclusions: BCAA-supplemented standard-protein diet did not significantly attenuate reduction of RMR compared to standard-protein and high-protein diets. However, the postprandial fat oxidation response increased after BCAA-supplemented weight loss intervention.
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Luna M, Pereira S, Saboya C, Cruz S, Matos A, Ramalho A. Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate and Leptin in Long-Term Weight Regain After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Are Similar to Pre-surgical Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 32:302-310. [PMID: 34787767 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and serum concentrations of leptin with long-term weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and compare it with obesity before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective longitudinal analytical study. Three groups were formed: individuals 60 months post RYGB, with weight regain (G1) and without it (G2), and individuals with obesity who had not undergone bariatric surgery (G3). Body fat (BF), body fat mass (BFM), visceral fat (VF), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and BMR were assessed by octapolar and multi-frequency electrical bioimpedance. Fasting serum concentrations of leptin were measured. RESULTS Seventy-two individuals were included, 24 in each group. Higher means of BF, BFM, VF, and leptin levels were observed in G1, when compared to G2 (BF: 47.5 ± 5.6 vs. 32.0 ± 8.0, p < 0.05; FBM: 47.8 ± 11.6 vs. 23.9 ± 7.0, p < 0.05; VF: 156.8 ± 30.2 vs. 96.1 ± 23.8, p < 0.05; leptin: 45,251.2 pg/mL ± 20,071.8 vs. 11,525.7 pg/mL ± 9177.5, p < 0.000). G1 and G2 did not differ in FFM, SMM, and BMR. G1 and G3 were similar according to BF, FFM, BMR, and leptin levels. Body composition, but not leptin, was correlated with %weight regain in G1 (FBM: r = 0.666, p < 0.000; BF: r = 0.428, p = 0.037; VF: r = 0.544, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Long-term weight regain after RYGB is similar to pre-surgical obesity in body composition, BMR, and leptin concentrations, indicating relapse of metabolic and hormonal impairments associated with excessive body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical School, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321044-020, Brazil. .,Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Saboya
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Matos
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 37321941-902, Brazil.,Social Applied Nutrition Department, Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universitária da Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Reliability of Repeated Trials Protocols for Body Composition Assessment by Air Displacement Plethysmography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010693. [PMID: 34682439 PMCID: PMC8535236 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is fast, accurate, and reliable. Nevertheless, in about 3% of the cases, standard ADP tests provide rogue results. To spot these outliers and improve precision, repeated trials protocols have been devised, but few works have addressed their reliability. This study was conducted to evaluate the test–retest reliabilities of two known protocols and a new one, proposed here. Ninety-two healthy adults (46 men and 46 women) completed six consecutive ADP tests. To evaluate the reliability of single measurements, we used the results of the first two tests; for multiple measures protocols, we computed the test result from trials 1–3 and the retest result from trials 4–6. Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the bias and the width of the 95% interval of agreement were smaller for multiple trials than for single ones. For percent body fat (%BF)/fat-free mass, the technical error of measurement was 1% BF/0.68 kg for single trials and 0.62% BF/0.46 kg for the new protocol of multiple trials, which proved to be the most reliable. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was 2.77% BF/1.87 kg for single trials and 1.72% BF/1.26 kg for the new protocol.
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Cheever SM, Kramer PA, Morgan SJ, Hafner BJ. Effect of standing and sitting positions on energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Prosthet Orthot Int 2021; 45:262-267. [PMID: 33856154 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy expenditure (EE) is often greater in people with lower-limb amputation, compared with healthy controls, because of the biomechanical compensations needed to walk with a prosthesis. Compensatory movements are required to stand with a prosthesis; however, little is known about whether standing with a prosthesis also requires greater EE. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine the effect of standing and sitting positions on EE in people with transtibial amputation and matched controls. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis. METHODS Energy expenditure data from people with unilateral, transtibial amputation because of nondysvascular causes were compared with data from age- and sex-matched controls without amputation. Energy expenditure was defined as the mean volumetric rate of oxygen consumed over the last 2 of 5 minutes in each position and measured with a portable breath-by-breath metabolic analyzer. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of position (sitting and standing) and group (amputation and control) on EE. RESULTS A significant interaction effect indicated participants with amputation showed a significantly greater increase in standing EE relative to sitting EE (26.2%) than did controls (13.4%). Simple main effects showed EE in standing was significantly greater than EE in sitting for both groups, but there were no significant differences in EE between groups during sitting or standing. CONCLUSIONS Energy expenditure in standing, when measured relative to EE in sitting, is significantly greater in people with amputation. This result indicates that additional energy may be required to maintain an upright position with a lower-limb prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Cheever
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sara J Morgan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian J Hafner
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Traditional Lègong Dance Training Is Superior to Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Fitness Improvement Among Young Girls. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:826-831. [PMID: 34039773 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Légong dance is a famous Balinese dance with a dynamic movement. It potentially becomes an exercise of choice to improve young girls' physical fitness. This study aimed to evaluate légong dance training's effect on physical fitness compared with aerobic training. METHODS Forty young girls were randomly assigned to the aerobic training (AG) and lègong dance (DG) group and trained with jogging and lègong dancing at moderate-intensity aerobic training. Each was carried out for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. RESULT Aerobic capacity (estimated maximal oxygen consumption) improved significantly in AG and DG, with a mean difference and Cohen d effect size of 0.36 mL/kg/min and 0.68. The back- and leg-muscle strength increased significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 5.55 kg and 6.67 kg, and an effect size of 0.69 and 0.77. Balance improved significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 21.26 seconds and an effect size of 1.05. All significant values are reported at P < .05. There were no significant improvements in arm muscle strength, body fat percentage, and flexibility in either group (P > .05). CONCLUSION Lègong dance training results in significant physical fitness improvement and better results than aerobic training.
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Flack KD, Hays HM, Moreland J, Long DE. Exercise for Weight Loss: Further Evaluating Energy Compensation with Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:2466-2475. [PMID: 33064415 PMCID: PMC7556238 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study assessed how individuals compensate for energy expended during a 12-wk aerobic exercise intervention, elucidating potential mechanisms and the role exercise dose plays in the compensatory response. Participants and Design Three-arm, randomized controlled trial among sedentary adults age 18 to 40 yr, body mass index of 25 to 35. Groups included six exercise sessions per week, two sessions per week, and sedentary control. Methods Rate of exercise energy expenditure was calculated from a graded exercise test averaged across five heart rate zones. Energy compensation was calculated as the difference between expected weight loss (based on exercise energy expenditure) and changes in fat and fat-free mass (DXA). Resting energy expenditure was assessed via indirect calorimetry and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were assessed fasting and postprandial (six timepoints over 2 h). Results The 6-d·wk−1 group expended more energy (2753.5 kcal) and exercised longer (320.5 min) per week than the 2-d·wk−1 group (1490.7 kcal, 1888.8 min, P < 0.05), resulting in greater fat loss compared with the 2-d or control groups (P < 0.05). Exercise groups did not differ in the % or total kcal compensated. Greater decreases in area under the curve (AUC) for acylated ghrelin predicted greater fat loss, regardless of group, energy expended per week, exercise duration, or exercise intensity. Changes in leptin AUC was the only independent predictor for energy compensation, with a greater decrease in leptin AUC predicting less energy compensation. Exercise frequency, energy expended, duration, or intensity did not influence energy compensation. Conclusions Leptin is an important factor in successful weight loss through exercise, with greater postprandial decreases promoting less compensation. Greater amounts of exercise do not influence the compensatory response to an exercise-induced energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Flack
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Harry M Hays
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jack Moreland
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Douglas E Long
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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O'Reilly C, Zoller J, Sigler D, Vogelsang M, Sawyer J, Fluckey J. Rider Energy Expenditure During High Intensity Horse Activity. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103463. [PMID: 34119194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that horseback riding is a popular sport, there is little information available on horseback riding as a physical activity. The objective of this experiment was to quantify energy expenditure of participants (n=20) during three riding tests: a 45min walk-trot-canter ride (WTC), a reining pattern ride and a cutting simulation ride while wearing a telemetric gas analyzer. Total energy expenditure (tEE), mean and peak metabolic equivalents of task (MET), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), relative oxygen consumption (relVO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were assessed. Mean MET and HR responses were greater (P < .05) for riders during the long trot portion of the WTC (6.19 ± 0.21 MET, 152.14 ± 4.4 bpm) and cutting (4.53±0.21 MET, 146.88 ± 4.4 bpm) vs the overall WTC (3.81 ± 0.16 MET, 131.5 ± 4.2 bpm). When WTC was evaluated by gait, mean MET increased as gait speed increased. As expected, METs were greater (P < .05) for riders during long trot (6.19 ± 0.21 MET) and canter (5.95 ± 0.21 MET) than during the walk (2.01 ± 0.21 MET) or trot (3.2 ± 0.21 MET). Previous horseback riding studies have not reported METs, but the peaks of all three activities in the present study were similar to METs measured during activities like jogging, playing soccer and rugby. Riders engaged in cutting and reining experienced more intense exercise in short durations, while, as expected on the basis of the duration of the activity, WTC provided a greater overall total energy expenditure. These results suggest that it is possible for health benefits to be achieved through accumulated horseback riding exercise, particularly if riding at the more intense gaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O'Reilly
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX.
| | - Jennifer Zoller
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | - Dennis Sigler
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | - Martha Vogelsang
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | - Jason Sawyer
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, King Ranch Institute, Kingsville, TX
| | - James Fluckey
- Texas A&M University, Department of Health and Kinesiology, College Station, TX
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Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030835. [PMID: 33809500 PMCID: PMC7999090 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skeletal muscle mass is an important economic trait, and muscle development and growth is a crucial factor to supply enough meat for human consumption. Thus, understanding (candidate) genes regulating skeletal muscle development is crucial for understanding molecular genetic regulation of muscle growth and can be benefit the meat industry toward the goal of increasing meat yields. During the past years, significant progress has been made for understanding these mechanisms, and thus, we decided to write a comprehensive review covering regulators and (candidate) genes crucial for muscle development and growth in farm animals. Detection of these genes and factors increases our understanding of muscle growth and development and is a great help for breeders to satisfy demands for meat production on a global scale. Abstract Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.
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Balci A, Badem EA, Yılmaz AE, Devrim-Lanpir A, Akınoğlu B, Kocahan T, Hasanoğlu A, Hill L, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Current Predictive Resting Metabolic Rate Equations Are Not Sufficient to Determine Proper Resting Energy Expenditure in Olympic Young Adult National Team Athletes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:625370. [PMID: 33613316 PMCID: PMC7890252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations are widely used to determine athletes’ resting energy expenditure (REE). However, it remains unclear whether these predictive RMR equations accurately predict REE in the athletic populations. The purpose of the study was to compare 12 prediction equations (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Schofield, Cunningham, Owen, Liu’s, De Lorenzo) with measured RMR in Turkish national team athletes and sedentary controls. A total of 97 participants, 49 athletes (24 females, 25 males), and 48 sedentary (28 females, 20 males), were recruited from Turkey National Olympic Teams at the Ministry of Youth and Sports. RMR was measured using a Fitmate GS (Cosmed, Italy). The results of each 12 prediction formulas were compared with the measured RMR using paired t-test. The Bland-Altman plot was performed to determine the mean bias and limits of agreement between measured and predicted RMRs. Stratification according to sex, the measured RMR was greater in athletes compared to controls. The closest equation to the RMR measured by Fitmate GS was the Harris-Benedict equation in male athletes (mean difference -8.9 (SD 257.5) kcal/day), and Liu’s equation [mean difference -16.7 (SD 195.0) kcal/day] in female athletes. However, the intra-class coefficient (ICC) results indicated that all equations, including Harris-Benedict for male athletes (ICC = 0.524) and Liu’s for female athletes (ICC = 0.575), had a moderate reliability compared to the measured RMR. In sedentary subjects, the closest equation to the measured RMR is the Nelson equation in males, with the lowest RMSE value of 118 kcal/day [mean difference: 10.1 (SD 117.2) kJ/day], whereas, in females, all equations differ significantly from the measured RMR. While Nelson (ICC = 0.790) had good and Owen (ICC = 0.722) and Mifflin (calculated using fat-free mass) (ICC = 0.700) had moderate reliability in males, all predictive equations showed poor reliability in females. The results indicate that the predictive RMR equations failed to accurately predict RMR levels in the participants. Therefore, it may not suitable to use them in determining total energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Balci
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Arslanoğlu Badem
- Department of Health Services, Sports General Directorship, The Ministry of Youth and Sports, Center of Athlete Training and Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aslı Devrim-Lanpir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bihter Akınoğlu
- Department of Health Services, Sports General Directorship, The Ministry of Youth and Sports, Center of Athlete Training and Health Research, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kocahan
- Department of Health Services, Sports General Directorship, The Ministry of Youth and Sports, Center of Athlete Training and Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Hasanoğlu
- Department of Health Services, Sports General Directorship, The Ministry of Youth and Sports, Center of Athlete Training and Health Research, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Łuszczki E, Bartosiewicz A, Dereń K, Kuchciak M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Mazur A. The Diagnostic-Measurement Method-Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020340. [PMID: 33670785 PMCID: PMC7922541 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.B.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-851-68-11
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Maciej Kuchciak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszaw, Poland; (Ł.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Underestimation of resting metabolic rate using equations compared to indirect calorimetry in normal-weight subjects: Consideration of resting metabolic rate as a function of body composition. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ducharme JB, Fennel ZJ, Pike B, Coleman A, Mermier CM, Lauver JD, Guilkey JP, Johnson KE. Comparison of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in college-aged adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:711-718. [PMID: 33471612 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prediction equations have been considered an accurate method for estimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) across multiple populations, but their accuracy for college-aged individuals not on an athletics team remains to be determined. Sixty-two college-aged (18-30 yrs) males (n = 31) and females (n = 31) had their RMR measured (RMRm), using indirect calorimetry, and body composition assessed via air-displacement plethysmography. The World Health Organization (WHO), Mifflin-St Jeor (Mifflin), Harris-Benedict (HB), Cunningham, and Nelson equations were used to estimate RMR. No difference was observed between the Cunningham and RMRm regardless of sex (p ≥ 0.05). All other prediction equations estimated a significantly lower RMR for males (p < 0.05). The Mifflin and Nelson equations predicted an RMR that was significantly lower than RMRm for females (p < 0.05). When compared with RMRm, no difference was detected for females using the WHO, HB, or Cunningham (p ≥ 0.05). Only the Nelson equation predicted an RMR that was outside of the clinically acceptable range (±10% of RMRm) regardless of sex. The Cunningham, WHO, and HB equations can accurately predict RMR for college-aged males and females. RMR prediction equations used in this study are less accurate for those with greater RMRs. Novelty: For adults 18-30 years old that are not on an athletics team, the Cunningham equation can accurately predict RMR. The Nelson equation should not be used to predict RMR for this population. There is a systematic bias for RMR prediction equations to underestimate higher measured RMR values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary J Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ben Pike
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Alexis Coleman
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jakob D Lauver
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Justin P Guilkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
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Nutritional Practice and Nitrogen Balance in Elite Japanese Swimmers during a Training Camp. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9020017. [PMID: 33494249 PMCID: PMC7909811 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein requirement in athletes increases as a result of exercise-induced changes in protein metabolism. In addition, the frequency, quantity, and quality (i.e., leucine content) of the protein intake modulates the protein metabolism. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether nutritional practice (particularly, protein and amino acid intake at each eating occasion) meets the protein needs required to achieve zero nitrogen balance in elite swimmers during a training camp. Eight elite swimmers (age 21.9 ± 2.3 years, body weight 64.2 ± 7.1 kg, sex M:2 F:6) participated in a four-day study. The nitrogen balance was calculated from the dietary nitrogen intake and urinary nitrogen excretion. The amino acid intake was divided over six eating occasions. The nitrogen balance was found to be positive (6.7 ± 3.1 g N/day, p < 0.05) with protein intake of 2.96 ± 0.74 g/kg/day. The frequency and quantity of leucine and the protein intake were met within the recommended range established by the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Thus, a protein intake of 2.96 g/kg/day with a well-designated pattern (i.e., frequency throughout the day, as well as quantity and quality) of protein and amino acid intake may satisfy the increased need for protein in an elite swimmer.
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Chase KL, Patek KT, Walker JL, Mettler JA. Predicting Resting Metabolic Rate with Easily Obtained Measures: The Influence of Body Circumference. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Resting Energy Expenditure of Physically Active Boys in Southeastern Poland-The Accuracy and Validity of Predictive Equations. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120493. [PMID: 33271803 PMCID: PMC7760554 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization of energy intake in the diet of young athletes is of primary importance. In addition to the energy expenditure associated with their body development, the demand resulting from intensive physical activity also increases. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of formulas commonly used for resting energy expenditure (REE) calculations with values obtained from measurements using indirect calorimetry among male children and adolescents practicing football. The study was conducted among 184 boys aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter and a device for assessing body composition by means of electrical bioimpedance using a segment analyzer. The mean error ranged from −477 kcal/d by the Maffeis formula to −182 kcal/d for the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IMNA) formula. A statistically significant difference was found for all formulas in the calculated value in relation to the measured REE value (p < 0.0001). Most “ready-to-use” formulas underestimate REE, which can be a risk in determining the total energy demand in a group that requires more calories, especially when due to intensive growth and development and the expenditure associated with regular training and increased physical activity.
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Monnier L, Schlienger JL, Colette C, Bonnet F. The obesity treatment dilemma: Why dieting is both the answer and the problem? A mechanistic overview. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101192. [PMID: 33002604 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Restricted-calorie diets are the most worldwide used treatments for obesity. Although such strategies are based on the first law of thermodynamics, the real life clinical practice demonstrates that the observed weight losses are divergent from those theoretically predicted. Loosely adherence to recommendations is one of the main causes for the limited efficacy of dieting, but many additional factors can be involved in the hurdles to weight loss. According to the second law of thermodynamics any restriction in dietary energy intake results in energy sparing with a diminution in the basal metabolic rate and a concomitant loss in the lean body mass. This "thrifty" energetic adaptation is associated with a progressive reduction in the difference between levels of energy intake and expenditure, thus resulting in a drastic fall in weight loss rates on the medium and long-term regardless of the dietary carbohydrate/fat ratio. This loss of efficacy is aggravated by the misadaptation of the production and action of anti-obesity hormones such as leptin. During the latest past decades the discovery of changes in the gut microbiota of obese people referred to as "obese dysbiosis" has raised the question as to whether these alterations can participate to diet-resistance. Combined with the behavioral and psychological barriers to low-calorie diets, there is a broad physiologic spectrum of evidence indicating that weight loss is a hard challenge. Consequently, the answer would be primarily to prevent the development of obesity and at worst to avoid its ominous progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monnier
- Institute of Clinical Research. University of Montpellier, 641 Avenue du doyen Giraud, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Schlienger
- University of Strasbourg, Medical School, 4 rue Kirschleger 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Claude Colette
- Institute of Clinical Research. University of Montpellier, 641 Avenue du doyen Giraud, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- University of Rennes, University Hospital of Rennes, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes-Nutrition, 16 Bd de Bulgarie, 35200 Rennes, France.
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Martins C, Dutton GR, Hunter GR, Gower BA. Revisiting the Compensatory Theory as an explanatory model for relapse in obesity management. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1170-1179. [PMID: 32936896 PMCID: PMC7657332 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight regain remains the main challenge in obesity management, and its etiology remains elusive. The aim of the present review was to revise the available evidence regarding the "Compensatory Theory," which is an explanatory model of relapse in obesity treatment, and to propose alternative mechanisms that can contribute to weight regain. It has been proposed, and generally accepted as true, that when a person loses weight the body fights back, with physiological adaptations on both sides of the energy balance equation that try to bring body weight back to its original state: this is the Compensatory Theory. This theory proposes that the increased orexigenic drive to eat and the reduced energy expenditure that follow weight loss are the main drivers of relapse. However, evidence showing a link between these physiological adaptations to weight loss and weight regain is lacking. Here, we propose that the physiological adaptations to weight loss, both at the level of the homeostatic appetite control system and energy expenditure, are in fact a normalization to a lower body weight and not drivers of weight regain. In light of this we explore other potential mechanisms, both physiological and behavioral, that can contribute to the high incidence of relapse in obesity management. More research is needed to clearly ascertain whether the changes in energy expenditure and homeostatic appetite markers seen in reduced-obese individuals are a compensatory mechanism that drives relapse or a normalization towards a lower body weight, and to explore alternative hypotheses that explain relapse in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth R Dutton
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen MT, Stenbäck V, Herzig K. Elevated resting metabolic rates among female, but not male, reindeer herders from subarctic Finland. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23432. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology University of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana USA
- SUNY University at Albany Albany New York USA
| | - Päivi Soppela
- Arctic Centre University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
| | | | - Ville Stenbäck
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
- Biocenter Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
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A mathematical model of adiponectin resistance. J Theor Biol 2020; 494:110246. [PMID: 32179108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is often associated with obesity. The obese body displays a significant decrease in adiponectin expression and plasma levels. Higher adiponectin also results in lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α from adipose tissue. Low adiponectin levels show to exist significantly in the case of insulin resistance. Adiponectin levels are found to be significantly lower in people with type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model of the adiponectin - adiponectin receptors framework, based on the assumption that the secretion of adiponectin is inversely proportional to fat mass. Here, we show that an increase in obesity or adiposity results in a decrease in the adiponectin plasma level, which contributes to the development of adiponectin resistance. In this model, we have used different parameters and their default values, to perform a simulation based on the model. Further, experimentally, the plasma adiponectin concentration is ( ≈ 0.015) significantly lowered in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group. In this model, we have obtained the plasma adiponectin concentration level ( ≈ 0.014) in the simulation process. So this model is only differing from 1 × 10-3 significant digits. We have achieved the degree of accuracy of adiponectin resistance is 93.33%. Therefore, these advances offer novel insights into the mathematical approach.
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Emanuel AL, Meijer RI, Woerdeman J, van Raalte DH, Diamant M, Kramer MHH, Serlie MJ, Eringa EC, Serné EH. Effects of a Hypercaloric and Hypocaloric Diet on Insulin-Induced Microvascular Recruitment, Glucose Uptake, and Lipolysis in Healthy Lean Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1695-1704. [PMID: 32404008 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In mice fed a high-fat diet, impairment of insulin signaling in endothelium is an early phenomenon that precedes decreased insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. We assessed in humans whether short-term overfeeding affects insulin-induced microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue before changes occur in glucose uptake and lipolysis. Approach and Results: Fifteen healthy males underwent a hypercaloric and subsequent hypocaloric diet intervention. Before, during, and after the hypercaloric diet, and upon return to baseline weight, all participants underwent (1) a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to determine insulin-induced glucose uptake and suppression of lipolysis (2) contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to measure insulin-induced microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, we assessed insulin-induced vasodilation of isolated skeletal muscle resistance arteries by pressure myography after the hypercaloric diet in study participants and controls (n=5). The hypercaloric diet increased body weight (3.5 kg; P<0.001) and fat percentage (3.5%; P<0.001) but did not affect glucose uptake nor lipolysis. The hypercaloric diet increased adipose tissue microvascular recruitment (P=0.041) and decreased the ratio between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue microvascular blood volume during hyperinsulinemia (P=0.019). Insulin-induced vasodilation of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles was significantly lower in participants compared with controls (P<0.001). The hypocaloric diet reversed all of these changes, except the increase in adipose tissue microvascular recruitment. CONCLUSIONS In lean men, short-term overfeeding reduces insulin-induced vasodilation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries and shifts the distribution of tissue perfusion during hyperinsulinemia from skeletal muscle to adipose tissue without affecting glucose uptake and lipolysis. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02628301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Emanuel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick I Meijer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn Woerdeman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H van Raalte
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H H Kramer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.S.)
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology (E.C.E.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (E.C.E.)
| | - Erik H Serné
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., J.W., D.H.v.R., M.D., M.H.H.K., E.H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Suzuki H, Ueno Y, Takanouchi T, Kato H. Nitrogen Balance in Female Japanese National Handball Players During Training Camp. Front Nutr 2020; 7:59. [PMID: 32478088 PMCID: PMC7236612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein requirements for athletes are affected by various factors, including distribution and quality (i. e., amino acid composition) of protein ingestion throughout the day. However, little is known about the protein requirements of elite female athletes engaging in team sports. This study aimed to determine the nitrogen balance and distribution of protein and amino acid intake in elite female handball athletes during training camp. In observational study design, 11 female Japanese national handball players (age 26.9 ± 4.9 years) participated in a 5-days experiment. Nitrogen balance was calculated from the daily protein intake assessed by dietary records and urinary nitrogen excretion. Amino acid intake amounts were organized based on six eating occasions. The average and population-safe protein intake for zero nitrogen balance were estimated as 1.57 and 1.93 g/kg/day, respectively. The protein intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner and the leucine intake in the three main meals and the morning snack were higher than is recommended by current guidelines for maximizing muscle protein synthesis. The population-safe protein intake in elite female handball athletes was within the range of the current recommendations for athletes (1.2–2.0 g/kg/day). Our results show that it may be possible to improve the distribution and quality of protein ingestion after exercise and before sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Suzuki
- Olympic & Paralympic Promotional Office, Corporate Service Division, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueno
- Olympic & Paralympic Promotional Office, Corporate Service Division, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Olympic & Paralympic Promotional Office, Corporate Service Division, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyuki Kato
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Yeung SSY, Reijnierse EM, Trappenburg MC, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Clinical determinants of resting metabolic rate in geriatric outpatients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104066. [PMID: 32371344 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate estimation of the energy requirements including resting metabolic rate (RMR) is important for optimal nutritional care, yet its clinical determinants are unknown. This study examined the associations between clinical determinants of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) domains with RMR among geriatric outpatients. MATERIALS & METHODS Data were retrieved from cohorts of community-dwelling older adults (n = 84, 54 female) referring to geriatrics outpatient mobility clinics in both Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Melbourne, Australia. Determinants within domains of the CGA included diseases (number, type and severity of diseases, polypharmacy), nutrition (body weight, body mass index, absolute and relative skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass and fat mass, risk of malnutrition), physical function (handgrip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up & Go), cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), psychological wellbeing (Geriatric Depression Scale) and blood pressure. RMR was objectively measured using indirect calorimetry with a canopy hood. Association between the clinical determinants with standardized RMR (country and sex-specific z-score) were analysed with linear regression adjusted for age, sex and body weight. RESULTS Determinants within the nutritional domain were associated with RMR; body weight showed the strongest association with RMR. Significant associations between determinants within the nutritional domain with RMR disappeared after further adjustment for body weight. None of the other domains were associated with RMR. CONCLUSIONS Body weight is the strongest clinical determinant of RMR and should be taken into account when estimating RMR in geriatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suey S Y Yeung
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marijke C Trappenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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48
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Bazanelli AP, Kamimura MA, da Silva CB, Avesani CM, Lopes MGG, Manfredi SR, Draibe SA, Cuppari L. Resting Energy Expenditure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate whether resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy differs from that of healthy individuals, as well as to investigate the factors associated with REE in this sample of patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Dialysis Unit of the Nephrology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo–Oswaldo Ramos Foundation, Brazil. Subjects and Methods The study examined the REE of 37 patients (20 males, age 44.5 ± 13 years) undergoing PD therapy. Only patients older than 18 years, on PD for at least 3 months, without catabolic illness, and with normal thyroid function were included. Patients were pair matched for age and gender with 37 healthy individuals. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the patients and by bioelectrical impedance in the healthy individuals. Results The REE of PD patients was similar to that of pair-matched controls (1372 ± 266 and 1453 ± 252 kcal/day respectively, p = 0.13) even when adjusted for lean body mass and gender ( p = 0.56). The REE of PD patients was positively correlated with lean body mass ( r = 0.60, p < 0.01), fat mass ( r = 0.43, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), serum glucose (r = 0.36, p < 0.05), and protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (PNA; r = 0.42, p < 0.01). There were no correlations between REE and glucose absorption, dialysis-related parameters, C-reactive protein, and energy or protein intake by 3-day food diary. In the multiple linear regression analysis, using REE as the dependent variable, the final model showed that lean body mass and female gender were determinants of REE in PD patients ( R2 = 0.44). When separate analysis by gender was performed, REE correlated directly with body fat in female patients (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) but not in male patients ( r = 0.29, p = 0.21). On the other hand, lean body mass was significantly correlated with REE in male patients ( r = 0.78, p < 0.01) but not in female patients ( r = 0.47, p = 0.06). Conclusions This study showed that REE of PD patients did not differ from that of healthy individuals. The strong association between body fat and REE in female patients remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Bazanelli
- Nutrition Program Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Kamimura
- Nutrition Program Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla M. Avesani
- Nutrition Program Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia R. Manfredi
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. Draibe
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Nutrition Program Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moore JM, Haemer MA, Fox CK. Lifestyle and pharmacologic management before and after bariatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg 2020; 29:150889. [PMID: 32238284 PMCID: PMC8456424 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) increasingly becomes a treatment of choice for adolescents with severe obesity, there is a need to understand how to deliver pre- and postoperative care in ways that maximize long-term safety and efficacy. This article describes major pre- and postoperative goals, lifestyle modification targets, and, when necessary, pharmacologic management strategies for adolescents undergoing MBS. Three categories of evidence were used-studies of pre- and postoperative interventions and factors influencing MBS outcomes in adolescents, studies of pre- and postoperative associations and interventions in adults, and studies of non-surgical weight management applicable to adolescents pursuing MBS. Finally, priority areas for future research within this topic are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Matthew A Haemer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Claudia K Fox
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Protsiv M, Ley C, Lankester J, Hastie T, Parsonnet J. Decreasing human body temperature in the United States since the industrial revolution. eLife 2020; 9:49555. [PMID: 31908267 PMCID: PMC6946399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the US, the normal, oral temperature of adults is, on average, lower than the canonical 37°C established in the 19th century. We postulated that body temperature has decreased over time. Using measurements from three cohorts—the Union Army Veterans of the Civil War (N = 23,710; measurement years 1860–1940), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (N = 15,301; 1971–1975), and the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment (N = 150,280; 2007–2017)—we determined that mean body temperature in men and women, after adjusting for age, height, weight and, in some models date and time of day, has decreased monotonically by 0.03°C per birth decade. A similar decline within the Union Army cohort as between cohorts, makes measurement error an unlikely explanation. This substantive and continuing shift in body temperature—a marker for metabolic rate—provides a framework for understanding changes in human health and longevity over 157 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Protsiv
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Catherine Ley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Joanna Lankester
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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