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Murphy LM, Lefkowitz J, Duckworth M, Schlichting L, Tuuli MG, Lewkowitz AK. Pilot study of prenatal community meal supplementation program demonstrates feasibility. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101382. [PMID: 38761888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906.
| | - Janet Lefkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906
| | - Megan Duckworth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906
| | - Lauren Schlichting
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906
| | - Methodius G Tuuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906
| | - Adam K Lewkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02906
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Agarwal S, Fulgoni VL. Contribution of Beef to Key Nutrient Intakes and Nutrient Adequacy in Pregnant and Lactating Women: NHANES 2011-2018 Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:981. [PMID: 38613015 PMCID: PMC11013741 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Beef is an important source of high-quality protein and several micronutrients, including iron, zinc, and B-vitamins. The objective was to assess the association of beef intake with nutrient intake and adequacy among pregnant and lactating women using 24-h dietary recall data. Usual intakes from foods were determined with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method and % population below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above Adequate Intake (AI) were estimated. A high proportion of pregnant and lactating women had inadequate intakes for vitamin D (94%), vitamin E (82%), vitamin C (52%), and vitamin A (50%), magnesium (35%), folate (31%), zinc (25%), and vitamin B6 (22%); only 4% and 35% met AI for choline and potassium, respectively. About 67% of pregnant and lactating women were beef consumers, consuming 49 g beef/day. Beef consumers had higher intakes (p < 0.05) of energy, protein, calcium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin, and a higher proportion (p < 0.05) met nutrient recommendations for protein, calcium, iron, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 compared to non-consumers. In conclusion, pregnant and lactating women generally have inadequate nutrient intakes from their diets. Beef consumers have higher intakes and adequacy for certain nutrients, many of which are inherently available in beef or in foods eaten with beef.
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Gold CL, Bertone-Johnson E. Self-reported history of breastfeeding in relation to recalled age at menarche in the United States. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24067. [PMID: 38523370 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Menarche is a key life history event that shapes the female reproductive trajectory and is important to the study of human biology because of the associated epidemiological and social consequences later in life. Our question is whether breastfeeding is associated with the variation in timing of menarche. Using data from a college-aged female student population from Amherst, MA, we examined whether having been breastfed was associated with age at menarche. Of the 340 female participants with information on breastfeeding during infancy, we found that women who were breastfed (n = 286) had an adjusted mean age of menarche of 12.53 years (SE 0.09), while those who were not breastfed (n = 54) had an adjusted mean age of menarche of 12.04 years (SE 0.20; p < 0.03). We propose further research that explores a finer distinction between formula-fed, mixed-fed or predominantly breastfed infants, duration of breastfeeding and age at menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Gold
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
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Rossi E, Levasseur P, Clément M. "Mother's milk": Is there a social reversal in breastfeeding practices along with economic development? Soc Sci Med 2024; 345:116444. [PMID: 38044247 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that macro- and micro-level factors jointly influence breastfeeding (BF) practices, but empirical evidence on the dynamics of such interactions along with the process of a country's economic development remains limited. Based on 42 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 15 Asian countries with a large time window (1990-2017), we thus test the existence of a reversal in the association between household wealth and BF practices throughout the development process. Four BF indicators (early initiation of BF, exclusive BF, continued BF at one year and two years) are examined, along with a standardized asset-based household wealth index allowing for cross-wave and cross-country comparisons. To highlight the dynamics of the wealth-BF association, we carry out econometric estimations, including interaction terms between household wealth and the country's level of economic development (low, medium, and high) or time. Instrumental variable estimations are also performed to limit suspected endogeneity issues. Our results confirm a transition in the wealth gradient of exclusive BF and continued BF in Asian countries. More precisely, while these practices are pro-poor in the poorest countries of the sample, they progressively spread to wealthier households along with the level of economic development. For exclusive BF, this transition has resulted in a reversal of the wealth gradient at the end of the period (i.e., exclusive BF prevalence among the rich overpassing that of the poor). We fail, however, to observe this kind of transition for early initiation of BF, this practice remaining pro-poor, whatever the level of economic development. To sum up, our results provide robust evidence of a transition in the wealth gradient of some BF practices along with economic development and time, and thus largely echo the literature exploring the social reversal hypothesis in the case of non-communicable diseases.
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Hörnell A, Lagström H. Infant feeding-a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10456. [PMID: 38370110 PMCID: PMC10870977 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2012 edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) included recommendations on breastfeeding, based on the most recent guidelines and recommendations from major national food and health authorities and organizations, systematic reviews, and some original research. For NNR 2023, the scope has been expanded and also includes formula feeding and the introduction of solid food. The main focus in this scoping review is on infants aged 0-12 months but also considers parts both before and beyond the first year, as the concept of 'the first 1000 days' emphasizes the importance of factors during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life for immediate and later health: physical as well as emotional and mental health. Breastmilk is the natural and sustainable way to feed an infant during the first months of life. Numerous studies have indicated immediate as well as long-term beneficial effects of breastfeeding on health for both the infant and the breastfeeding mother, and from a public health perspective, it is therefore important to protect, support, and promote breastfeeding. For full-term, normal weight infants, breastmilk is sufficient as the only form of nutrition for the first 6 months, except for vitamin D that needs to be given as supplement. The World Health Organization (WHO) and several other authoritative bodies therefore recommend exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months. Starting solids at about 6 months is necessary for both nutritional and developmental reasons. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), solid foods are safe to give from 4 months although exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months is the desirable goal. Breastfeeding can continue together with complementary foods as long as it is mutually desired by the mother and child. If breastfeeding is not enough or for some reason discontinued before the infant is 4 months of age, the infant should be fed infant formula, and, when possible, breastfeeding should be continued alongside the formula feeding. If the infant is 4 months or older, starting with solids together with continued breastfeeding and/or formula feeding is an option. Infant formulas have been developed for infants who are not breastfed or do not get enough breastmilk. Home-made formula should not be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Hörnell
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Yisahak SF, Hinkle SN, Mumford SL, Grantz KL, Zhang C, Newman RB, Grobman WA, Albert PS, Sciscione A, Wing DA, Owen J, Chien EK, Buck Louis GM, Grewal J. Nutritional Intake in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Descriptive Analysis of a Multisite United States Cohort. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:206-213. [PMID: 37934328 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twin gestations have greater nutritional demands than singleton gestations, yet dietary intakes of women with twin gestations have not been well described. METHODS In a prospective, multi-site US study of 148 women with dichorionic twin gestations (2012-2013), we examined longitudinal changes in diet across pregnancy. Women completed a food frequency questionnaire during each trimester of pregnancy. We examined changes in means of total energy and energy-adjusted dietary components using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS Mean energy intake (95% CI) across the three trimesters was 2010 kcal/day (1846, 2175), 2177 kcal/day (2005, 2349), 2253 kcal/day (2056, 2450), respectively (P = 0.01), whereas the Healthy Eating Index-2010 was 63.9 (62.1, 65.6), 64.5 (62.6, 66.3), 63.2 (61.1, 65.3), respectively (P = 0.53). DISCUSSION Women with twin gestations moderately increased total energy as pregnancy progressed, though dietary composition and quality remained unchanged. These findings highlight aspects of nutritional intake that may need to be improved among women carrying twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrawit F Yisahak
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger B Newman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William A Grobman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul S Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Wing
- University of California, Irvine and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - John Owen
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward K Chien
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Jagteshwar Grewal
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Parisi SM, Jin Q, Naimi AI. Periconceptional Dietary Patterns and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes. J Nutr 2024; 154:680-690. [PMID: 38122847 PMCID: PMC10900249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periconceptional period is a critical window for the origins of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, yet little is known about the dietary patterns that promote perinatal health. OBJECTIVE We used machine learning methods to determine the effect of periconceptional dietary patterns on risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, and a composite of these outcomes. METHODS We used data from 8259 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (8 US medical centers, 2010‒2013). Usual daily periconceptional intake of 82 food groups was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We used k-means clustering with a Euclidean distance metric to identify dietary patterns. We estimated the effect of dietary patterns on each perinatal outcome using targeted maximum likelihood estimation and an ensemble of machine learning algorithms, adjusting for confounders including health behaviors and psychological, neighborhood, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The 4 dietary patterns that emerged from our data were identified as "Sandwiches and snacks" (34% of the sample); "High fat, sugar, and sodium" (29%); "Beverages, refined grains, and mixed dishes" (21%); and "High fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant proteins" (16%). One-quarter of pregnancies had preeclampsia (8% incidence), gestational diabetes (5%), preterm birth (8%), or SGA birth (8%). Compared with the "High fat, sugar, and sodium" pattern, there were 3.3 to 4.3 fewer cases of the composite adverse outcome per 100 pregnancies among participants following the "Beverages, refined grains and mixed dishes" pattern (risk difference -0.043; 95% confidence interval -0.078, -0.009), "High fruits, vegetables, whole grains and plant proteins" pattern (-0.041; 95% confidence interval -0.078, -0.004), and "Sandwiches and snacks" pattern (-0.033; 95% confidence interval -0.065, -0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that there are a variety of periconceptional dietary patterns that are associated with perinatal health and reinforce the negative health implications of diets high in fat, sugars, and sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara M Parisi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Qianhui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Calcaterra V, Cena H, Sottotetti F, Rossi V, Loperfido F, Zuccotti G. Breast and Formula Milk and Early Puberty Onset. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1686. [PMID: 37892349 PMCID: PMC10605833 DOI: 10.3390/children10101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients have an enormous impact on many hormonal systems and aspects of health, and nutrition status is a crucial regulator of growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents. In this narrative review, we explore the connection between these feeding methods and the timing of puberty to provide a clearer understanding of how infant nutrition might contribute to the early development of puberty. Puberty is a key stage in the transition from childhood to adulthood and the timing of puberty represents a significant biological milestone of growth. Breast milk seems to have a pivotal role in puberty onset, mainly due to its dynamism, which shape indirectly the gut microbiota in early life, besides direct exposure of the baby to the milk microbiota through gut-breast axis. Concerning breast and formula milk and their effects on the onset of puberty, a protective role of the former occurs. As for the potential harmful effects of soy-based formulas and the isoflavones that they contain, the studies reported demonstrate conflicting opinions, underlining the need for further research on this topic. A healthy and well-nourished diet from the earliest stages of life has significant preventive potential for overall well-being, reducing the risk of many health problems later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.L.)
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sottotetti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
| | - Federica Loperfido
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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Milani GP, Edefonti V, De Cosmi V, Bettocchi S, Mazzocchi A, Silano M, Pietrobelli A, Agostoni C. Protein and growth during the first year of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:878-891. [PMID: 36941339 PMCID: PMC10444617 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein intake in the first year of life might influence later growth. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the growth effects of interventions based on infant formula composition providing different amounts of protein within the first year of life of healthy term infants; in the absence of other comparable information over the investigated period, a meta-analysis further compared weight or length gain at 120 days from high- (>2.0 g/100 kcal) and low-protein (≤2.0 g/100 kcal) content formula groups. Twelve papers (n = 2275) were included and five of them (n = 677) contributed to the meta-analysis. Most studies compared a high-protein formula, a low-protein formula, and breastfeeding. Evidence from the systematic review was inconclusive due to heterogeneity in design and treatments. In the presence of modest heterogeneity but in the absence of publication bias, the weighted mean difference for weight gain at 120 days was -0.02 g/day (95% CI: -1.41, 1.45); with higher heterogeneity, the weighted MD estimate of length gain at 120 days was 0.004 cm/month (95% CI: -0.26, 0.27). Although limited and underpowered, evidence from the meta-analysis does not support the assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first months of life. Prospero registration number: CRD42017058535. IMPACT: The optimal amount of dietary protein that should be given to healthy full-term infants early in life is still debated. Despite heterogeneity in study design, treatments, and outcomes, this systematic review showed that there is no clear-cut effect on the growth of different amounts of protein intake from formulas or complementary feeding. Evidence from the meta-analysis based on the five articles enrolling infants <1 month of life does not support the previous assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first 4 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettocchi
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- SC Pediatria-Immunoreumatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milano, Italy.
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Reed P, Haven J, Stoody EE, Piercy KL, de Jesus JM. Looking ahead to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025 – 2030: A Call to Action. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)46318-6. [PMID: 37019363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Raiten DJ, Steiber AL, Papoutsakis C, Rozga M, Handu D, Proaño GV, Moloney L, Bremer AA. The "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Project - executive summary. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S1-S10. [PMID: 37173057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The public health community has come to appreciate that a deeper understanding of the biology of human milk is essential to address ongoing and emerging questions about infant feeding practices. The critical pieces of that understanding are that 1) human milk is a complex biological system, a matrix of many interacting parts that is more than the sum of those parts, and 2) human milk production needs to be studied as an ecology that consists of inputs from the lactating parent, their breastfed baby, and their respective environments. The "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Project was designed to examine this ecology as well as its functional implications for both the parent and infant and to explore ways in which this emerging knowledge can be expanded via a targeted research agenda and translated to support the community's efforts to ensure safe, efficacious, and context-specific infant feeding practices in the United States and globally. The five working groups of the BEGIN Project addressed the following themes: 1) parental inputs to human milk production and composition; 2) the components of human milk and the interactions of those components within this complex biological system; 3) infant inputs to the matrix, emphasizing the bidirectional relationships associated with the breastfeeding dyad; 4) the application of existing and new technologies and methodologies to study human milk as a complex biological system; and 5) approaches to translation and implementation of new knowledge to support safe and efficacious infant feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | | | - Mary Rozga
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepa Handu
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lisa Moloney
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Yisahak SF, Boone KM, Rausch J, Keim SA. The timing and quality of sleep was associated with dietary quality and anthropometry in toddlers born preterm. Acta Paediatr 2023. [PMID: 36905082 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to examine prospective associations of sleep characteristics (duration, timing, quality) with dietary and anthropometric measures among toddlers born preterm (<35 weeks). METHODS Children participated in the Omega Tots trial at 10-17 months' corrected age (Ohio, USA; 26 April 2012 to 6 April 2017). Caregivers reported toddlers' sleep at baseline using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. After 180 days, caregivers reported toddlers' past month diet in a food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometry was measured using standardised protocols. The toddler diet quality index (TDQI: higher scores indicating better quality), and weight-for-length, triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold z-scores were calculated. Linear and logistic regression assessed adjusted associations with dietary and anthropometric outcomes at 180-day follow-up (n = 284), and linear mixed models assessed changes in anthropometry. RESULTS Daytime sleep was associated with lower TDQI (βadj per hour = -1.62 (95% CI: -2.71, -0.52)) whereas night-time sleep was associated with higher TDQI (βadj = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.85)). Night-time awakenings and caregiver-reported sleep problems were also associated with lower TDQI. Night awakening duration and sleep-onset latency were associated with higher triceps skinfold z-score. CONCLUSION Daytime and night-time caregiver-reported sleep showed opposite associations with diet quality, suggesting that sleep timing may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrawit F Yisahak
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly M Boone
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Webber E, Wodwaski N, Busch D. Lactation Curricular Content of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Programs in the United States: A National Survey. J Pediatr Health Care 2023:S0891-5245(23)00054-8. [PMID: 36890038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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14
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Liu EF, Zhu Y, Ferrara A, Hedderson MM. Dietary Quality Indices in Early Pregnancy and Rate of Gestational Weight Gain among a Prospective Multi-Racial and Ethnic Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:835. [PMID: 36839193 PMCID: PMC9961419 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Meeting the Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines is associated with a reduced risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Overall diet quality comprehensively assesses dietary components and accounts for interactions between them. While GWG is influenced by maternal diet, its association with overall diet quality-measured by various dietary quality indices-is not well-defined. We prospectively estimated the relationship between four established dietary quality indices and the risk of GWG rate above (excessive) or below (inadequate) IOM guidelines in a multi-racial and ethnic cohort of 2914 pregnant people from the Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study (2014-2019). We assessed diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDIP). Following the first trimester, 56% of the cohort had excessive GWG, and 14% had inadequate GWG. Poor diet quality (below the 75th percentile), measured by HEI-2010, was associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG in the second and third trimesters [RR = 1.03 (1.00, 1.06)]. Effect modification of this relationship by race and ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI was assessed. We found poor diet quality to be associated with elevated risk of excessive GWG among Black participants [RR = 1.14 (1.02, 1.28)] and White participants [RR 1.07 (1.01, 1.12)]. This was also the case for participants with pre-pregnancy BMI < 25.0 [RR 1.05 (1.00, 1.10)]. These results suggest that diet quality measured by the HEI-2010 is associated with excessive GWG, and the associations appear to be stronger among pregnant people without overweight or obesity and pregnant people who identify as Black or White race and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Liu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
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15
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Obbagy J, Raghavan R, Cole NC, English LK, Higgins M, Spahn JM, Bahnfleth CL, Callahan E, Fultz A, Kim JH, Kingshipp BJ, Nevins JEH, Scinto-Madonich SR, Webster A, Stoody E. USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review's collaborative approach for conducting systematic reviews: Promoting diversity of expertise while managing potential conflicts of interest. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112868. [PMID: 36908917 PMCID: PMC9996304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch develops food-and nutrition-related systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis products. NESR has established itself as a key resource for the Federal government when making evidence-informed decisions related to public health nutrition, such as the development of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. NESR's systematic review methodology is rigorous, protocol-driven, and highly collaborative. NESR's systematic reviews examine the complex interplay between diet and health with input and support from various collaborators, including Federal stakeholders, expert groups, and public stakeholders. Implementing NESR's rigorous methodology ensures that the appropriate steps are taken to minimize conflict of interest, producing systematic reviews that are high-quality, trustworthy, and useful to end users who make decisions based on their findings. This article describes how NESR's systematic review process leverages a diversity of expertise and experience, while managing potential conflicts of interest. It describes the groups who collaborate to conduct NESR systematic reviews, their expertise, and why their involvement is critical for ensuring the rigor and utility of NESR's work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Obbagy
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Ramkripa Raghavan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Natasha Chong Cole
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Laural K English
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Molly Higgins
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Joanne M Spahn
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Charlotte L Bahnfleth
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Emily Callahan
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Amanda Fultz
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Julia H Kim
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Brittany J Kingshipp
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Julie E H Nevins
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Sara R Scinto-Madonich
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Allison Webster
- Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) Branch, Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - Eve Stoody
- Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Alexandria, VA, United States
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16
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Hamner HC, Nelson JM, Sharma AJ, Jefferds MED, Dooyema C, Flores-Ayala R, Bremer AA, Vargas AJ, Casavale KO, de Jesus JM, Stoody EE, Scanlon KS, Perrine CG. Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days in the United States: A Federal Perspective. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S817-S825. [PMID: 36122314 PMCID: PMC9612192 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The first 1000 days begins with pregnancy and ends at the child's second birthday. Nutrition throughout the life course, and especially during the first 1000 days, supports maternal health and optimal growth and development for children. We give a high-level summary of the state of nutrition in the first 1000 days in the United States. We provide examples where continued efforts are needed. We then discuss select opportunities to strengthen federal research and surveillance, programs, and communication and dissemination efforts aimed at improving nutrition and positively, and equitably, influencing the health and well-being of mothers and children. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S8):S817-S825. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307028).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hamner
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Jennifer M Nelson
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Andrea J Sharma
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Maria Elena D Jefferds
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Carrie Dooyema
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Rafael Flores-Ayala
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Kellie O Casavale
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Janet M de Jesus
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Kelley S Scanlon
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
| | - Cria G Perrine
- Heather C. Hamner, Jennifer M. Nelson, Andrea J. Sharma, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Carrie Dooyema, Rafael Flores-Ayala, and Cria G. Perrine are with the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Andrew A. Bremer and Ashley J. Vargas are with the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Kellie O. Casavale is with the Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Janet M. de Jesus is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Eve E. Stoody is with the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. Kelley S. Scanlon is with the Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
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17
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Vandyousefi S, Messito MJ, Katzow MW, Scott MA, Gross RS. Infant appetite traits, feeding practices and child obesity in low-income Hispanic families. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12913. [PMID: 35274484 PMCID: PMC9283219 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appetite traits and feeding practices are important determinants of child weight and obesity. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether: (1) infant appetite traits were associated with feeding practices and (2) feeding practices mediated the link between appetite traits and weight-for-age z-scores at age 3 years. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis from the 'Starting Early Program' of low-income, Hispanic mother-child pairs. Appetite traits were assessed using the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Infant feeding practices were collected using 24-h dietary recalls and surveys: (1) breastfeeding exclusivity, intensity and duration; (2) early introduction to complementary foods/liquids and (3) any 100% fruit juice consumption at age 10 months. Regression and mediation analyses were used to explore associations between appetite, feeding and weight. RESULTS Higher infant Slowness in Eating scores were associated with greater breastfeeding exclusivity, intensity and duration, compared to lower Slowness in Eating. Infants with higher Slowness in Eating and Satiety Responsiveness had lower odds of early introduction to complementary foods/liquids. Infants with higher Enjoyment of Food had greater odds of 100% juice consumption. Breastfeeding duration mediated the relationship between higher infant Slowness in Eating and lower weight-for-age z-scores. CONCLUSIONS Appetite traits represent potential targets for early life infant feeding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Vandyousefi
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Michelle W. Katzow
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Hempstead, NY 11040
| | - Marc A. Scott
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY
| | - Rachel S. Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
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18
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Achterberg C, Astrup A, Bier DM, King JC, Krauss RM, Teicholz N, Volek JS. An analysis of the recent US dietary guidelines process in light of its federal mandate and a National Academies report. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac107. [PMID: 36741454 PMCID: PMC9896931 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans is an enormously influential policy that has guided US nutrition programs since 1980. During these last 40 years, some researchers have expressed concern that the guidelines are based on an insufficiently rigorous assessment of the scientific evidence, a view that was largely substantiated by a Congressionally mandated 2017 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, which identified a need for enhanced transparency, greater scientific rigor, and updates to the scientific methodology for the DGA process. This paper traces the history of these ideas and contextualizes the DGA within the law and regulations that govern its process. The paper also discusses how recent iterations of the Dietary Guidelines have not fully adhered to these guiding documents, which has resulted in diminished independence of the expert committee in charge of evaluating the science for the DGA and a continued lack of a fully rigorous scientific process for producing consistent and trustworthy guidelines for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Achterberg
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Healthy Weight Center, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Dennis M Bier
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Meek JY, Noble L. Technical Report: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188348. [PMID: 35921641 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. The short- and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding make breastfeeding or the provision of human milk a public health imperative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for approximately 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the AAP supports continued breastfeeding, along with appropriate complementary foods introduced at about 6 months, as long as mutually desired by mother and child for 2 years or beyond. These recommendations are consistent with those of the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. The AAP recommends that birth hospitals or centers implement maternity care practices shown to improve breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Joint Commission monitor breastfeeding practices in United States hospitals. Pediatricians play a critical role in hospitals, their practices, and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and, thus, need to be trained about the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children and in managing breastfeeding. Efforts to improve breastfeeding rates must acknowledge existing disparities and the impact of racism in promoting equity in breastfeeding education, support, and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Younger Meek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lawrence Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York.,New York City Health+Hospitals Elmhurst
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20
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Abstract
Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. The short- and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding make breastfeeding, or the provision of human milk, a public health imperative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for approximately 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the AAP supports continued breastfeeding, along with appropriate complementary foods introduced at about 6 months, as long as mutually desired by mother and child for 2 years or beyond. These recommendations are consistent with those of the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical contraindications to breastfeeding are rare. The AAP recommends that birth hospitals or centers implement maternity care practices shown to improve breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The Joint Commission monitor breastfeeding practices in US hospitals. Pediatricians play a critical role in hospitals, their practices, and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and, thus, need to be trained about the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children and in managing breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Younger Meek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lawrence Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,New York City Health+Hospitals/Elmhurst
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21
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The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:607-632. [PMID: 34968458 PMCID: PMC9182711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most women in the United States do not meet the recommendations for healthful nutrition and weight before and during pregnancy. Women and providers often ask what a healthy diet for a pregnant woman should look like. The message should be “eat better, not more.” This can be achieved by basing diet on a variety of nutrient-dense, whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, healthy fats with omega-3 fatty acids that include nuts and seeds, and fish, in place of poorer quality highly processed foods. Such a diet embodies nutritional density and is less likely to be accompanied by excessive energy intake than the standard American diet consisting of increased intakes of processed foods, fatty red meat, and sweetened foods and beverages. Women who report “prudent” or “health-conscious” eating patterns before and/or during pregnancy may have fewer pregnancy complications and adverse child health outcomes. Comprehensive nutritional supplementation (multiple micronutrients plus balanced protein energy) among women with inadequate nutrition has been associated with improved birth outcomes, including decreased rates of low birthweight. A diet that severely restricts any macronutrient class should be avoided, specifically the ketogenic diet that lacks carbohydrates, the Paleo diet because of dairy restriction, and any diet characterized by excess saturated fats. User-friendly tools to facilitate a quick evaluation of dietary patterns with clear guidance on how to address dietary inadequacies and embedded support from trained healthcare providers are urgently needed. Recent evidence has shown that although excessive gestational weight gain predicts adverse perinatal outcomes among women with normal weight, the degree of prepregnancy obesity predicts adverse perinatal outcomes to a greater degree than gestational weight gain among women with obesity. Furthermore, low body mass index and insufficient gestational weight gain are associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Observational data have shown that first-trimester gain is the strongest predictor of adverse outcomes. Interventions beginning in early pregnancy or preconception are needed to prevent downstream complications for mothers and their children. For neonates, human milk provides personalized nutrition and is associated with short- and long-term health benefits for infants and mothers. Eating a healthy diet is a way for lactating mothers to support optimal health for themselves and their infants.
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22
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Landry MJ, Ruiz LD, Gibbs K, Radtke MD, Lerman J, Vargas AJ. Perspective: Early-Life Nutrition Research Supported by the US National Institutes of Health from 2018 to 2020. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1395-1401. [PMID: 35438148 PMCID: PMC9526875 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, included guidelines for pregnancy, lactation, and children from birth to age 24 mo (B-24) to reflect the growing body of evidence about appropriate nutrition during the earliest stages of life. Guidelines were based on a thorough review of the existing scientific evidence by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). This study's objective was to enumerate early-life (pregnancy, lactation, and B-24) nutrition research needs that are already being addressed by the scientific community and to identify remaining research gaps. The Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee was reviewed, and 138 research gaps relevant to early life were identified. Research gaps were consolidated into 13 topic areas. A total of 1632 nutrition- and early-life-focused research projects funded by the NIH between 2018 and 2020 were manually coded using title, abstract, and public health relevance statement available on NIH RePORTER. Projects were coded as affirmative if they addressed a research gap within 1 of the 13 research gap topic areas. Of coded projects, 235 (14.4%) addressed any early-life nutrition research gap. Between fiscal years 2018 to 2020, total costs of projects addressing any gap represented only 15% of total costs for all projects reviewed. Complementary foods, breastfeeding (never vs. ever), and frequency of eating were research gap areas most frequently coded as being addressed by a funded project. Iron supplementation, seafood consumption, and maternal diet food allergens were research gap areas least frequently coded as being potentially addressed by a funded project. This analysis highlights opportunities for changes in the federal government investment in maternal and child nutrition research to support development of effective, evidence-based dietary guidelines for improvement in early-life nutrition practices and overall public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyndsey D Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kimberlea Gibbs
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcela D Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lerman
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Abstract
The present paper outlines current issues in the nutritional care of women during pregnancy and potential resources to address them. Globally, overnutrition, undernutrition and nutritional imbalances are widespread among women of reproductive age; increasing the risk of pregnancy complications and non-communicable diseases in both mothers and their children. Most women do not meet dietary guidelines for pregnancy. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends nutrition and weight counselling during pregnancy for all women. However, clinical practices focusing on nutrition vary and there is no consensus on which outcomes are most important for pregnancy nutrition interventions, with little consideration for the 'patient voice'. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) nutrition checklist is a clinical practice tool that is available for healthcare professionals that will address this issue. The pregnancy nutrition core outcome set will also support advancement of antenatal nutrition by identifying the most critical nutrition-related outcomes from the perspective of healthcare professionals, researchers and women with experience of pregnancy. While poor nutrition can result in adverse outcomes across women of all weight categories, those with obesity may require specialist care to reduce their risk. Obesity is a chronic, progressive, relapsing disease that has high individual variability in its prognosis. The use of obesity staging systems, which consider mental, physical and functional health, can stratify individuals into risk categories and aid in treatment prioritisation in pregnancy. As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, an obesity staging approach may support clinicians, especially those in limited resource settings.
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24
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Czarnik M, Hamner HC, Moore LV. Food Preparation Practices for Infants Aged From 7 to 13 Months. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:28-35. [PMID: 34598893 PMCID: PMC10898497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine infant food preparation practices at age 7, 9, 11, and 13 months overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Data from a longitudinal study from the US Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (ITFPS-2) were used. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,904 infants (970 males and 934 females) enrolled in WIC who had been introduced to solid foods and were consuming food prepared at home. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food preparation practices included pureeing, mashing, chopping/dicing, and prechewing. Estimates were provided overall and by sociodemographics. ANALYSIS Prevalence estimates were calculated for each survey month overall and by sociodemographics. Chi-square tests for independence were used to test for differences. RESULTS Food preparation practices changed as infants aged. Pureeing and mashing were common in month 7 (57.8% and 59.6%, respectively), but chopping/dicing were the most prevalent by month 13 (85.4%). Food preparation practices did not vary by education status, but statistical differences were consistently observed by race and ethnicity and inconsistently observed by maternal age at birth. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Exposing children to a range of food textures at an appropriate age is important for developmental progress. Continued culturally relevant efforts by WIC educators and health care providers can emphasize the importance of early experiences with food textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaila Czarnik
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Heather C Hamner
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Latetia V Moore
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Thompson IJB, Ritchie LD, Bradshaw PT, Mujahid MS, Au LE. Earlier Introduction to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Associated With Lower Diet Quality Among WIC Children at Age 3 Years. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:912-920. [PMID: 34229969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between the timing of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% juice introduction with subsequent diet quality at age 3 years. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a publicly available, national longitudinal dataset. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2,218 children from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Dietary intakes were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall completed by caregivers of children aged 3 years. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index Score-2015 (HEI-2015). ANALYSIS Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the timing of introduction to 100% juice and SSBs with HEI-2015. Adjustments were made for child- and maternal-related factors. RESULTS Delayed introduction of SSBs during the first 2 years of life was associated with an increased HEI-2015 score. In adjusted analyses, for every 1-month delay in the introduction, there was a 0.09-point increase (95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.13) in the HEI-2015 score at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Earlier introduction to SSBs may be associated with subsequent lower diet quality in WIC participants. This association may be driven by total fruit, whole grains, and added sugars HEI component scores. Further research is needed to support changes to existing WIC nutrition practices regarding SSBs and 100% juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J B Thompson
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lorrene D Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mahasin S Mujahid
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lauren E Au
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA.
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26
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Factors Associated with the Initiation of Added Sugar among Low-Income Young Children Participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in the US. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113888. [PMID: 34836143 PMCID: PMC8624134 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Added sugar intake at a young age is associated with chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, asthma, elevated blood pressure, and overweight. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 and the American Heart Association recommend delaying the introduction of added sugar until age 2. The aims of this study were to identify the timing of added sugar initiation; factors associated with added sugar initiation; and the top five added sugar foods and beverages consumed by infants and children at three age ranges (<7 months, 8–13 months, and 14–24 months). Data were from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2, a longitudinal, national population of WIC participants enrolled in WIC eligible clinics (n = 3835). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the factors associated with introducing added sugar. About 25% of children were given added sugar at or before 7 months. Contributing factors were caregivers’ race/ethnicity, education, employment, weight status, parity, child sex, and premature birth (all p < 0.05). The top added sugar foods consumed between 1–24 months were cereal, crackers, apple sauce, dessert, yogurt, sweetened beverages, syrup and preserves, and cookies. Further research to examine the impact of early initiation of added sugar on health outcomes and taste preferences is warranted.
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27
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Robinson DT. Big steps for advising the smallest bites: Dietary Guidelines for Americans address feeding infants and toddlers. J Perinatol 2021; 41:926-927. [PMID: 33758397 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Mena NZ, Amin S, Mann G, Vollmer R. Quality Nutrition Education Materials for Pregnant or Lactating Women and Children Ages 0-24 Months Old. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:369. [PMID: 33966760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noereem Z Mena
- Colorado State University, SNEB Nutrition Education for Children Division, Immediate Past Chair
| | - Sarah Amin
- University of Rhode Island, SNEB Nutrition Education for Children Division, Communications
| | - Georgianna Mann
- University of Mississippi, SNEB Nutrition Education for Children Division, Chair
| | - Rachel Vollmer
- Bradley University, SNEB Nutrition Education for Children Division, Chair-Elect
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29
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Raiten DJ, Combs GF, Steiber AL, Bremer AA. Perspective: Nutritional Status as a Biological Variable (NABV): Integrating Nutrition Science into Basic and Clinical Research and Care. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1599-1609. [PMID: 34009250 PMCID: PMC8483963 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of nutrition has evolved from one focused primarily on discovery of the identities, metabolic functions, and requirements for essential nutrients to one focused on the application of that knowledge to the development and implementation of dietary recommendations to promote health and prevent disease. This evolution has produced a deeper appreciation of not only the roles of nutrients, but also factors affecting their functions in increasingly complex global health contexts. The intersection of nutrition with an increasingly more complex global health context necessitates a view of nutritional status as a biological variable (NABV), the study of which includes an appreciation that nutritional status is: 1) not limited to dietary exposure; 2) intimately and inextricably involved in all aspects of human health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment; and 3) both an input and an outcome of health and disease. This expanded view of nutrition will inform future research by facilitating considerations of the contexts and variability associated with the many interacting factors affecting and affected by nutritional status. It will also demand new tools to study multifactorial relations to the end of increasing precision and the development of evidence-based, safe, and effective standards of health care, dietary interventions, and public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA,
USA
| | | | - Andrew A Bremer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Supthanasup A, Banwell C, Kelly M, Yiengprugsawan VS. Recipe Components and Parents' Infant and Young Child Feeding Concerns: A Mixed-Methods Study of Recipe Posts Shared in Thai Facebook Groups for Parents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041186. [PMID: 33916663 PMCID: PMC8065637 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media is increasingly becoming a significant source of information for parents, including about feeding young children. However, little attention has been given to the characteristics of recipes for infants and young children and how they interact with parental perceptions regarding food decisions shared by users on social media. Building on findings related to shared recipe components and parental food choices, between December 2019 and July 2020, this study retrospectively collected 80 shared recipes each from five Thai Facebook groups. This extraction created 379 shared recipes with 1751 peers’ commentaries on the shared recipes’ posts. The shared recipes were classified and components quantified across child age groups, then the textual contents around the reasons behind the food choices were described qualitatively. The results showed that there were differences in meal types, food ingredients, and seasoning used across child age groups. Further analysis found that food allergy awareness was one driving concern behind parental perceptions on food choices in children’s diets. These concerns resulted in delays in the introduction of animal-source foods. Moreover, peers’ commentaries on shared recipes offered a venue for exchanging experiences with food products. Because of the potential influence on parental beliefs and perceptions, further studies are required to understand the impact of existing online communities on actual feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirat Supthanasup
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (C.B.); (M.K.); (V.S.Y.)
- School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-5261-2501
| | - Cathy Banwell
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (C.B.); (M.K.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (C.B.); (M.K.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Vasoontara Sbirakos Yiengprugsawan
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (C.B.); (M.K.); (V.S.Y.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2033, Australia
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31
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Schneeman BO, Ard JD, Boushey CJ, Bailey RL, Novotny R, Snetselaar LG, de Jesus JM, Stoody EE. Perspective: Impact of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on the Process for the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1051-1057. [PMID: 33734285 PMCID: PMC8382515 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) recommended steps to redesign the process of developing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) are based on 5 guiding principles (enhance transparency; promote diversity of expertise and experience; support a deliberative process; manage biases and conflicts of interest; and adopt state-of-the-art processes and methods). Using these principles and recommendations, the USDA and HHS updated the process for developing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines, including the process for appointing members and managing the work of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Modifications included having public comment on the topics and questions to be addressed by the Federal Advisory Committee, reviewing professional and financial activities on potential appointees to the committee prior to their appointment, redesigning the website to provide status updates on the work of the committee as analytical frameworks and draft conclusions were developed, strengthening the approaches for conducting systematic reviews, and adding a public meeting for discussion of the final report before its submission to the Secretaries of the USDA and HHS. Because the DGA is reviewed and updated every 5 y, it is possible to learn from each cycle what works well and where improvements in the process can be implemented. The current article illustrates, from the perspective of the advisory committee, the impact of the NASEM report on the development of the scientific report by examining changes in the process consistent with the 5 principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamy D Ard
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School
of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Regan L Bailey
- Department Human Nutrition Food and Animal Science, University
of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Janet M de Jesus
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US
Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD,
USA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition
Services, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA,
USA
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32
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Pesch MH, Levitt KJ, Danziger P, Orringer K. Pediatrician's Beliefs and Practices Around Rapid Infant Weight Gain: A Qualitative Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X21992164. [PMID: 33614855 PMCID: PMC7874340 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x21992164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for later obesity. The objective of this study was to examine primary care pediatricians’ beliefs and practices around rapid infant weight gain. Primary care pediatricians (N = 16) participated in a semi-structured interview about infant growth. Interviews were transcribed, analyzed for themes using the grounded theory and the constant comparative method then reliably coded for the presence of each theme. Three themes were identified, pediatricians (1) are uncertain about the concept, definition, and implications of excessive or rapid infant weight gain (N = 16, 100%), (2) are more comfortable with management of inadequate versus excessive or rapid weight gain (N = 10, 62.5%), and (3) perceive the primary cause of excessive or rapid infant weight gain to be overfeeding (N = 10, 62.5%). In conclusion, pediatricians are uncertain about the concept, definition, management, and long-term risks of rapid infant weight gain. Interventions to increase awareness and pediatrician sense of competence in management of rapid infant weight gain are needed.
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33
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Fleischhacker SE, Woteki CE, Coates PM, Hubbard VS, Flaherty GE, Glickman DR, Harkin TR, Kessler D, Li WW, Loscalzo J, Parekh A, Rowe S, Stover PJ, Tagtow A, Yun AJ, Mozaffarian D. Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:721-769. [PMID: 32687145 PMCID: PMC7454258 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US faces remarkable food and nutrition challenges. A new federal effort to strengthen and coordinate nutrition research could rapidly generate the evidence base needed to address these multiple national challenges. However, the relevant characteristics of such an effort have been uncertain. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to provide an objective, informative summary of 1) the mounting diet-related health burdens facing our nation and corresponding economic, health equity, national security, and sustainability implications; 2) the current federal nutrition research landscape and existing mechanisms for its coordination; 3) the opportunities for and potential impact of new fundamental, clinical, public health, food and agricultural, and translational scientific discoveries; and 4) the various options for further strengthening and coordinating federal nutrition research, including corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and potential executive and legislative considerations. METHODS We reviewed government and other published documents on federal nutrition research; held various discussions with expert groups, advocacy organizations, and scientific societies; and held in-person or phone meetings with >50 federal staff in executive and legislative roles, as well as with a variety of other stakeholders in academic, industry, and nongovernment organizations. RESULTS Stark national nutrition challenges were identified. More Americans are sick than are healthy, largely from rising diet-related illnesses. These conditions create tremendous strains on productivity, health care costs, health disparities, government budgets, US economic competitiveness, and military readiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has further laid bare these strains, including food insecurity, major diet-related comorbidities for poor outcomes from COVID-19 such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and insufficient surveillance on and coordination of our food system. More than 10 federal departments and agencies currently invest in critical nutrition research, yet with relatively flat investments over several decades. Coordination also remains suboptimal, documented by multiple governmental reports over 50 years. Greater harmonization and expansion of federal investment in nutrition science, not a silo-ing or rearrangement of existing investments, has tremendous potential to generate new discoveries to improve and sustain the health of all Americans. Two identified key strategies to achieve this were as follows: 1) a new authority for robust cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-related policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within the NIH. These strategies were found to be complementary, together catalyzing important new science, partnerships, coordination, and returns on investment. Additional complementary actions to accelerate federal nutrition research were identified at the USDA. CONCLUSIONS The need and opportunities for strengthened federal nutrition research are clear, with specific identified options to help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the multiple nutrition-related challenges and grasp the opportunities before us.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine E Woteki
- University of Virginia Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Paul M Coates
- Retired, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Van S Hubbard
- Retired, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace E Flaherty
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David Kessler
- Former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick J Stover
- Texas A&M AgriLife, Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Andersen LM, Thompson DA. Managing Excessive Weight Gain in Children <2 Years of Age: Interviews with Primary Care Providers. Child Obes 2020; 16:332-339. [PMID: 32460526 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Excessive weight gain in the first 2 years of childhood is a risk factor for future obesity. However, the current absence of clear, standardized identification and treatment guidelines may hinder primary care providers' (PCPs) ability to manage early excessive weight gain in children <2. The objective of this study was to explore PCPs' perspectives on evaluating and communicating about early excessive weight gain and to identify PCP-opined barriers to the care of children exhibiting such trends. Methods: A trained interviewer conducted 20 semistructured interviews with PCPs on identifying and communicating with families about early excessive weight gain in children <2 years old. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the transcripts. Results: Interviews uncovered three major themes: (1) the approach to identifying excessive weight gain in children <2 showed high variability across participants despite relative consistency in weight assessment methodology, (2) while possessing communication strategies, providers recognized multiple barriers impeding the execution of weight-related conversations with caregivers, and (3) providers perceived the need for additional support to improve their ability to respond to excessive weight gain in children <2 years old. Conclusions: Variability exists in PCP-reported methods used and barriers faced when identifying, communicating, and responding to excessive weight gain in very early childhood. Introducing guidelines and resources to help standardize the assessment and communication of excessive weight gain in children <2 could augment PCPs' strategies for managing accelerated weight-gain trajectories to mitigate rates of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha M Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Darcy A Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Fleischhacker S, Parks CA, Yaroch AL. Addressing food insecurity in the United States: the role of policy, systems changes, and environmental supports. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:827-836. [PMID: 31504976 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary provides a brief overview of the historical, contemporary, and potential future approaches for using policy, systems changes, and environmental supports (PSE) to address food insecurity in the United States. We reflect on and integrate where possible the findings put forth in the other 16 papers included in the Translational Behavioral Medicine Special Issue entitled: Food Access Among Low-Income Populations: Understanding the Potential Intersect of Diet, Obesity, Food Insecurity, and Hunger.
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36
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Perak AM, Ning H, Khan SS, Van Horn LV, Grobman WA, Lloyd‐Jones DM. Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women, Aged 20 to 44 Years, in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015123. [PMID: 32063122 PMCID: PMC7070227 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is a cardiometabolic stressor and thus a critical period to address women's lifetime cardiovascular health (CVH). However, CVH among US pregnant women has not been characterized. Methods and Results We analyzed cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2014 for 1117 pregnant and 8200 nonpregnant women, aged 20 to 44 years. We assessed 7 CVH metrics using American Heart Association definitions modified for pregnancy; categorized metrics as ideal, intermediate, or poor; assigned these categories 2, 1, or 0 points, respectively; and summed across the 7 metrics for a total score of 0 to 14 points. Total scores 12 to 14 indicated high CVH; 8 to 11, moderate CVH; and 0 to 7, low CVH. We applied survey weights to generate US population-level estimates of CVH levels and compared pregnant and nonpregnant women using demographic-adjusted polytomous logistic and linear regression. Among pregnant women, the prevalences (95% CIs) of ideal levels of CVH metrics were 0.1% (0%-0.3%) for diet, 27.3% (22.2%-32.3%) for physical activity, 38.9% (33.7%-44.0%) for total cholesterol, 51.1% (46.0%-56.2%) for body mass index, 77.7% (73.3%-82.2%) for smoking, 90.4% (87.5%-93.3%) for blood pressure, and 91.6% (88.3%-94.9%) for fasting glucose. The mean total CVH score was 8.3 (95% CI, 8.0-8.7) of 14, with high CVH in 4.6% (95% CI, 0.5%-8.8%), moderate CVH in 60.6% (95% CI, 52.3%-68.9%), and low CVH in 34.8% (95% CI, 26.4%-43.2%). CVH levels were significantly lower among pregnant versus nonpregnant women; for example, 13.0% (95% CI, 11.0%-15.0%) of nonpregnant women had high CVH (adjusted, comparison P=0.01). Conclusions From 1999 to 2014, <1 in 10 US pregnant women, aged 20 to 44 years, had high CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Perak
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Hongyan Ning
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Sadiya S. Khan
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Linda V. Van Horn
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - William A. Grobman
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Donald M. Lloyd‐Jones
- Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
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37
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Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O'Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler EE, Spahn JM. Infant milk-feeding practices and childhood leukemia: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:757S-771S. [PMID: 30982871 PMCID: PMC6500929 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding, and 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with acute childhood leukemia, generally, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, specifically. METHODS The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January 1980 to March 2016, dual-screened the results using predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS We included 24 articles from case-control or retrospective studies. Limited evidence suggests that never feeding human milk versus 1) ever feeding human milk and 2) feeding human milk for durations ≥6 mo are associated with a slightly higher risk of acute childhood leukemia, whereas evidence comparing never feeding human milk with feeding human milk for durations <6 mo is mixed. Limited evidence suggests that, among infants fed human milk, a shorter versus longer duration of human milk feeding is associated with a slightly higher risk of acute childhood leukemia. None of the included articles examined exclusive human milk feeding or the intensity of human milk fed to mixed-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS Feeding human milk for short durations or not at all may be associated with slightly higher acute childhood leukemia risk. The evidence could be strengthened with access to broadly generalizable prospective samples; therefore, we recommend linking surveillance systems that collect infant feeding and childhood cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Güngör
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD,Address correspondence to DG (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Terry
- National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steve A Abrams
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Leila Beker
- US Food and Drug Administration, contractor, College Park, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Spill MK, Callahan EH, Shapiro MJ, Spahn JM, Wong YP, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Birch L, Black MM, Cook JT, Faith MS, Mennella JA, Casavale KO. Caregiver feeding practices and child weight outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:990S-1002S. [PMID: 30982865 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the USDA-Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, we conducted systematic reviews (SRs) on topics important for health and nutrition of young children. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present SR was to examine the relation between caregiver feeding practices in children from birth to 24 mo and child weight gain, size, and body composition. METHODS A search of articles published from January 1980 to January 2017 in 4 databases identified 8739 references. Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) analysts used the Nutrition Evidence Library Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess potential bias in the studies, and a Technical Expert Collaborative graded the body of evidence using the NESR grading rubric. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles were included in this review (8 controlled trials, 19 longitudinal cohort studies). Moderate evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that providing responsive feeding guidance to teach mothers to recognize and respond appropriately to children's hunger and satiety cues can lead to "normal" weight gain and/or "normal" weight status in children aged ≤2 y compared with children whose mothers did not receive responsive feeding guidance. Moderate evidence from longitudinal cohort studies indicates an association between maternal feeding practices and the child's weight status and/or weight gain, but the direction of effect has not been adequately studied. Restrictive feeding practices are associated with increased weight gain and higher weight status, and pressuring feeding practices are associated with decreased weight gain and lower weight status. Evidence suggests that a mother's feeding practices are related to concerns about her child's body weight. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of the interaction between caregivers and infants and toddlers related to child feeding practices on children's weight outcomes. Research is needed on more diverse populations with consistent methodological app-roaches and objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maureen M Black
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,RTI International, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Kellie O Casavale
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rockville, MD
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Raghavan R, Dreibelbis C, Kingshipp BL, Wong YP, Abrams B, Gernand AD, Rasmussen KM, Siega-Riz AM, Stang J, Casavale KO, Spahn JM, Stoody EE. Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and maternal outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:705S-728S. [PMID: 30982868 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common maternal complications during pregnancy, with short- and long-term sequelae for both mothers and children. OBJECTIVE Two systematic review questions were used to examine the relation between 1) dietary patterns before and during pregnancy, 2) HDP, and 3) GDM. METHODS A search was conducted from January 1980 to January 2017 in 9 databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Two analysts independently screened articles using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria; data were extracted from included articles, and risk of bias was assessed. After qualitative synthesis, a conclusion statement was drafted for each question and the evidence supporting the conclusion was graded. RESULTS Of the 9103 studies identified, 8 [representing 4 cohorts and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT)] were included for HDP and 11 (representing 6 cohorts and 1 RCT) for GDM. Limited evidence in healthy Caucasian women with access to health care suggests dietary patterns before and during pregnancy that are higher in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fish, and vegetable oils and lower in meat and refined grains are associated with reduced risk of HDP, including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Limited but consistent evidence suggests certain dietary patterns before pregnancy are associated with reduced risk of GDM. These protective dietary patterns are higher in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, and fish and lower in red and processed meats. Most of the research was conducted in healthy, Caucasian women with access to health care. Insufficient evidence exists on the associations between dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and risk of HDP in minority women and those of lower socioeconomic status, and dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS Although some conclusions were drawn from these systematic reviews, more research is needed to address gaps and limitations in the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Abrams
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Family, Community and Mental Health Systems, University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jamie Stang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kellie O Casavale
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA
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Obbagy JE, English LK, Psota TL, Wong YP, Butte NF, Dewey KG, Fox MK, Greer FR, Krebs NF, Scanlon KS, Stoody EE. Complementary feeding and micronutrient status: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:852S-871S. [PMID: 30982869 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper nutrition during early life is critical for growth and development. OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe systematic reviews conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following: What is the relation between 1) timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) or 2) types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and micronutrient status (iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, folate, and fatty acid status)? METHODS A literature search identified articles from developed countries published from January 1980 to July 2016 that met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and risk of bias assessed. Evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded. RESULTS Nine articles addressed the timing of CFB introduction and 31 addressed types or amounts or both of CFBs. Moderate evidence suggests that introducing CFBs at age 4 mo instead of 6 mo offers no advantages or disadvantages in iron status among healthy full-term infants. Evidence is insufficient on the timing of CFB introduction and other micronutrient status outcomes. Strong evidence suggests that CFBs containing iron (e.g., meat, fortified cereal) help maintain adequate iron status or prevent deficiency in the first year among infants at risk of insufficient iron stores or low intake. Benefits for infants with sufficient iron stores (e.g., infant formula consumers) are less clear. Moderate evidence suggests that CFBs containing zinc (e.g., meat, fortified cereal) support zinc status in the first year and CFB fatty acid composition influences fatty acid status. Evidence is insufficient with regard to types and amounts of CFBs and vitamin D, vitamin B-12, and folate status, or the relation between lower-iron-containing CFBs and micronutrient status. CONCLUSIONS Several conclusions on CFBs and micronutrient status were drawn from these systematic reviews, but more research that addresses specific gaps and limitations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nancy F Butte
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Frank R Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA
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Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O'Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler EE, Spahn JM. Infant milk-feeding practices and diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease in offspring: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:838S-851S. [PMID: 30982875 PMCID: PMC6500925 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and US Department of Health and Human Services initiated an evidence review on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relationships of never versus ever feeding human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding, and feeding a lower versus a higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team (formerly called the Nutrition Evidence Library) conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January, 1980 to March, 2016, dual-screened the results using predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS We included 9 celiac disease and 17 IBD articles. Limited case-control evidence suggests never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher risk of celiac disease, but concerns about reverse causality precluded a conclusion about the relationship of shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding with celiac disease. Evidence examining never versus ever feeding human milk and IBD was inconclusive, and limited, but consistent, case-control evidence suggests that, among infants fed human milk, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of IBD. For both outcomes, evidence examining the duration of exclusive human milk feeding was scant and no articles examined the intensity of human milk fed to mixed-fed infants. CONCLUSION Limited case-control evidence suggests that feeding human milk for short durations or not at all associates with higher risk of diagnosed IBD and celiac disease, respectively. The small number of studies and concern about reverse causality and recall bias prevent stronger conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Terry
- National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steve A Abrams
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Leila Beker
- US Food and Drug Administration, contractor, College Park, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Güngör D, Nadaud P, LaPergola CC, Dreibelbis C, Wong YP, Terry N, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O'Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler EE, Spahn JM. Infant milk-feeding practices and diabetes outcomes in offspring: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:817S-837S. [PMID: 30982877 PMCID: PMC6500931 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding, and 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in offspring. METHODS The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published January 1980-March 2016, dual-screened the results according to predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS The 4 systematic reviews included 21, 37, 18, and 1 articles, respectively. Observational evidence suggests that never versus ever feeding human milk (limited evidence) and shorter versus longer durations of any (moderate evidence) and exclusive (limited evidence) human milk feeding are associated with higher type 1 diabetes risk. Insufficient evidence examined type 2 diabetes. Limited evidence suggests that the durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding are not associated with intermediate outcomes (e.g., fasting glucose, insulin resistance) during childhood. CONCLUSIONS Limited to moderate evidence suggests that feeding less or no human milk is associated with higher risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring. Limited evidence suggests no associations between the durations of any and exclusive human milk feeding and intermediate diabetes outcomes in children. Additional research is needed on infant milk-feeding practices and type 2 diabetes and intermediate outcomes in US populations, which may have distinct metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Güngör
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD,Address correspondence to DG (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Terry
- National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steve A Abrams
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Leila Beker
- US Food and Drug Administration, contractor, College Park, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Güngör D, Nadaud P, LaPergola CC, Dreibelbis C, Wong YP, Terry N, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O'Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler EE, Spahn JM. Infant milk-feeding practices and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma throughout the life span: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:772S-799S. [PMID: 30982870 PMCID: PMC6500928 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding prior to infant formula introduction, 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants, and 5) feeding a higher intensity of human milk by bottle versus breast with food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. METHODS The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published between January 1980 and March 2016, dual-screened the results according to predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS The systematic reviews numbered 1-5 above included 44, 35, 1, 0, and 0 articles, respectively. Moderate, mostly observational, evidence suggests that 1) never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher risk of childhood asthma, and 2) among children and adolescents who were fed human milk as infants, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of asthma. Limited evidence does not suggest associations between 1) never versus ever being fed human milk and atopic dermatitis in childhood or 2) the duration of any human milk feeding and allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in childhood. CONCLUSIONS Moderate evidence suggests that feeding human milk for short durations or not at all is associated with higher childhood asthma risk. Evidence on food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Güngör
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD,Address correspondence to DG (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Terry
- National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steve A Abrams
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Leila Beker
- US Food and Drug Administration, contractor, College Park, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Ekhard E Ziegler
- Panum Group, Bethesda, MD,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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44
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English LK, Obbagy JE, Wong YP, Butte NF, Dewey KG, Fox MK, Greer FR, Krebs NF, Scanlon KS, Stoody EE. Complementary feeding and developmental milestones: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:879S-889S. [PMID: 30982876 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews were conducted as part of the USDA and the US Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to examine the relation between complementary feeding and developmental milestones. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews examining the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFB), and the types and amounts of CFB consumed, and developmental milestones. METHODS The literature was searched using 4 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) to identify articles that met predetermined criteria for inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted for each included study. The body of evidence for each systematic review was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of evidence was graded. RESULTS Three included articles (1 randomized controlled trial; 2 observational studies) examined timing of introduction of CFB. Eight included articles (3 randomized controlled trials; 5 observational studies) examined types and amounts of CFB. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the relation between either timing of CFB introduction or types and amounts of CFB, and developmental milestones. CONCLUSIONS The ability to draw conclusions about the relationship between complementary feeding and developmental milestones was restricted by an inadequate amount of evidence with potential for issues with reverse causality and wide variation in design, type/age of outcome assessment, exposure assessment, and reported results. Additional research to address these gaps and limitations would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie E Obbagy
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA
| | - Yat Ping Wong
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Frank R Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kelley S Scanlon
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA
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Spill MK, Johns K, Callahan EH, Shapiro MJ, Wong YP, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Birch L, Black MM, Cook JT, Faith MS, Mennella JA, Casavale KO. Repeated exposure to food and food acceptability in infants and toddlers: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:978S-989S. [PMID: 30982874 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure has been found to be an effective strategy to increase acceptability of foods in older children and adults, but little is known about its effectiveness in the birth to 24-mo population. OBJECTIVES This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of repeated exposure to a single or multiple foods on acceptance of those or other foods among infants and toddlers. METHODS A search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles related to food acceptability, flavor, taste, and infants and toddlers in 12 databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL) with a date range of January 1980 to July 2017. The Nutrition Evidence Library (NEL) Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess potential bias in the included studies, and the NESR grading rubric was used to grade evidence supporting the conclusion statement. RESULTS From the 10,844 references obtained, 21 studies (19 controlled trials and 2 longitudinal cohort studies) published from 1980 to 2015 were included in this review. Moderate evidence indicates that tasting a single vegetable or fruit or multiple vegetable(s) or fruit(s) 1 food per day for 8-10 or more days is likely to increase acceptability of an exposed food (indicated by an increase in intake or faster rate of feeding after comparison with before the exposure period) in infants and toddlers 4-24 mo old. The effect of repeated exposure on acceptability is likely to generalize to other foods within the same food category but not foods from a different food category. Findings are based on the effects of repeated exposure to mostly vegetables with some findings on repeated exposure to fruits. CONCLUSION This review advances the understanding of early food experiences and the development of food acceptability. Additional research is needed using diverse foods and textures with a focus on the transition to table foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leann Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine and RTI International, Baltimore, MD
| | - John T Cook
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Kellie O Casavale
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rockville, MD
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Obbagy JE, English LK, Wong YP, Butte NF, Dewey KG, Fox MK, Greer FR, Krebs NF, Scanlon KS, Stoody EE. Complementary feeding and bone health: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:872S-878S. [PMID: 30624593 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood is crucial for supporting healthy growth and development, including bone health. Complementary feeding is the process that starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during late infancy and continuing to 24 mo of age. OBJECTIVES This article aims to describe systematic reviews (SRs) conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer these questions: what is the relationship between 1) timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) or 2) types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and bone health? Methods: The literature was searched with the use of 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to July 2016 that addressed these topics and met predetermined criteria for inclusion. For each study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded. RESULTS Three articles addressed the timing of introduction of CFBs and bone health during childhood (through 18 y of age), and 2 addressed the types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed relative to bone health. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient evidence was available to draw conclusions about the relationships between the timing of CFB introduction and types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and bone health. Therefore, a grade was not assignable for these SRs. The ability to draw conclusions was limited by an overall lack of research, failure to adjust for several key confounding factors, and heterogeneity in studies with regard to methodology, subject populations, and results. Additional research is needed that addresses these gaps and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Emeritus, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Frank R Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emeritus, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kelley S Scanlon
- Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA.,Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eve E Stoody
- Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA
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Obbagy JE, Spahn JM, Wong YP, Psota TL, Spill MK, Dreibelbis C, Gungor DE, Nadaud P, Raghavan R, Callahan EH, English LK, Kingshipp BL, LaPergola CC, Shapiro MJ, Stoody EE. Systematic review methods for the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:698S-704S. [PMID: 30445449 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The USDA's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team specializes in conducting systematic reviews (SRs) to inform federal nutrition policy and programs. The NESR's dedicated staff collaborate with leading scientists to answer important food- and nutrition-related public health questions by objectively reviewing, evaluating, and synthesizing research using state-of-the-art methodology. NESR uses a rigorous, protocol-driven methodology that is designed to minimize bias; to ensure availability of SRs that are relevant, timely, and high quality; and to ensure transparency and reproducibility of findings. This article describes the methods used by NESR to conduct a series of SRs on diet and health in infants, toddlers, and women who are pregnant as part of the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eve E Stoody
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA
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48
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Obbagy JE, English LK, Wong YP, Butte NF, Dewey KG, Fleischer DM, Fox MK, Greer FR, Krebs NF, Scanlon KS, Stoody EE. Complementary feeding and food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:890S-934S. [PMID: 30982864 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood may influence health and disease prevention across the life span. Complementary feeding (CF) starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during infancy and continuing to age 24 mo. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews conducted for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following question: What is the relationship between the timing of the introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs), or types and amounts of CFBs consumed, and the development of food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis? METHODS The literature was searched using 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to February 2017 that met predetermined inclusion criteria. For each study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded. RESULTS Thirty-one included articles addressed the timing of CFB introduction, and 47 articles addressed the types and amounts of CFBs consumed. CONCLUSIONS Moderate evidence suggests that there is no relationship between the age at which CF first begins and the risk of developing food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, or childhood asthma. Limited to strong evidence, depending on the specific food, suggests that introducing allergenic foods in the first year of life (after 4 mo) does not increase the risk of food allergy and atopic dermatitis/eczema but may prevent peanut and egg allergy. There is not enough evidence to determine a relationship between diet diversity or dietary patterns and atopic disease. Research is needed to address gaps and limitations in the evidence on CF and atopic disease, including research that uses valid and reliable diagnostic measures and accounts for key confounders and potential reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nancy F Butte
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - David M Fleischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Frank R Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA
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49
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English LK, Obbagy JE, Wong YP, Butte NF, Dewey KG, Fox MK, Greer FR, Krebs NF, Scanlon KS, Stoody EE. Types and amounts of complementary foods and beverages consumed and growth, size, and body composition: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:956S-977S. [PMID: 30982866 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews (SRs) were conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team for the USDA's and the Department of Health and Human Services' Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project. OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe the SRs examining the relationship between types and amounts of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) and growth, size, and body-composition outcomes. METHODS The NESR team collaborated with subject matter experts to conduct this SR. The literature was searched and screened using predetermined criteria. For each included study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of evidence was graded. RESULTS This SR includes 49 articles that examined type, amount, or both of CFBs consumed and growth, size, and body-composition outcomes. Moderate evidence suggests that consuming either different amounts of meat, meat instead of iron-fortified cereal, or types of CFBs with different fats or fatty acids does not favorably or unfavorably influence growth, size, or body composition. In relation to overweight/obesity, insufficient evidence is available with regard to the intake of meat or CFBs with different fats or fatty acids. Limited evidence suggests that type and amount of fortified infant cereal does not favorably or unfavorably influence growth, size, body composition, or overweight/obesity. Limited evidence suggests that sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during the complementary feeding period is associated with increased obesity risk in childhood but is not associated with other measures of growth, size, or body composition. Limited evidence showed a positive association between juice intake and infant weight-for-length and child body mass index z scores. Insufficient evidence is available on other CFBs or dietary patterns in relation to outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although several conclusions were drawn, additional research is needed that includes randomized controlled trials, examines a wider range of CFBs, considers issues of reverse causality, and adjusts for potential confounders to address gaps and limitations in the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nancy F Butte
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Frank R Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA
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Raghavan R, Dreibelbis C, Kingshipp BL, Wong YP, Abrams B, Gernand AD, Rasmussen KM, Siega-Riz AM, Stang J, Casavale KO, Spahn JM, Stoody EE. Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:729S-756S. [PMID: 30982873 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet before and during pregnancy could influence fetal growth and birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE Two systematic reviews aimed to assess the relationships between dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and 1) gestational age at birth and 2) gestational age- and sex-specific birth weight. METHODS Literature was searched from January, 1980 to January, 2017 in 9 databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Two analysts independently screened articles using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from included articles and risk of bias was assessed. Data were synthesized qualitatively, a conclusion statement was drafted for each question, and evidence supporting each conclusion was graded. RESULTS Of the 9103 studies identified, 11 [representing 7 cohorts and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT)] were included for gestational age and 21 (representing 19 cohorts and 2 RCTs) were included for birth weight. Limited but consistent evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with a lower risk of preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. These protective dietary patterns are higher in vegetables; fruits; whole grains; nuts, legumes, and seeds; and seafood (preterm birth, only), and lower in red and processed meats, and fried foods. Most of the research was conducted in healthy Caucasian women with access to health care. No conclusion can be drawn on the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight outcomes. Although research is available, the ability to draw a conclusion is restricted by inconsistency in study findings, inadequate adjustment of birth weight for gestational age and sex, and variation in study design, dietary assessment methodology, and adjustment for key confounding factors. Insufficient evidence exists regarding dietary patterns before pregnancy for both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dietary patterns may be associated with a lower preterm and spontaneous preterm birth risk. The association is unclear for birth weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Abrams
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Family, Community and Mental Health Systems, University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jamie Stang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kellie O Casavale
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, VA
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