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Richardson TN, Ventura AK, Brewer A, Shirwani A, de la Barrera B, Kay MC. Awareness and Support of Responsive Bottle Feeding Among WIC Counselors and Caregivers: A Formative Qualitative Study. J Nutr Educ Behav 2024:S1499-4046(24)00023-X. [PMID: 38466247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) counselor experiences discussing responsive bottle feeding during counseling and WIC participants' knowledge, understanding, and use of responsive bottle feeding. METHODS Qualitative descriptive, semistructured interviews with 23 participants (8 WIC counselors and 15 WIC participants) were conducted online via Zoom. The WIC counselors and mothers of WIC-enrolled bottle-fed infants were recruited through a network of WIC clinics in North Carolina. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and collaboratively analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS The WIC participants received responsive infant feeding support from WIC counselors but often in the context of breastfeeding. WIC counselors provided valuable support for families but were challenged by limited training on responsive bottle feeding, balancing promoting breastfeeding with supporting mothers' feeding decisions, and time constraints. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings provide preliminary support for the need to develop and pilot an intervention focused on promoting responsive feeding for parents of bottle-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Richardson
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Alison K Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health and Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | | | - Avan Shirwani
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC
| | | | - Melissa C Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC
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2
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Marks KJ, Boundy EO, Nakayama JY, Li R, Hamner HC. Early introduction of complementary foods/drinks and milk feeding type in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Matern Child Nutr 2023; 19:e13541. [PMID: 37415299 PMCID: PMC10483945 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Infants younger than 4 months are not ready for complementary foods/drinks (any solid or liquid other than breast milk or infant formula). Almost half of US infants participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), which provides nutrition education and support to low-income families. We describe the prevalence of early introduction (<4 months) of complementary foods/drinks and examine the association of milk feeding type (fully breastfed, partially breastfed or fully formula fed) with early introduction of complementary foods/drinks. We used data from 3310 families in the longitudinal WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. We described the prevalence of early introduction of complementary foods/drinks and modeled the association of milk feeding type at Month 1 with early introduction of complementary foods/drinks using multi-variable logistic regression. Thirty-eight percent of infants were introduced early to complementary foods/drinks (<4 months). In adjusted models, infants who were fully formula fed or partially breastfed at Month 1 were 75% and 57%, respectively, more likely to be introduced early to complementary foods/drinks compared with fully breastfed infants. Almost two in five infants were given complementary foods/drinks early. Formula feeding at Month 1 was associated with higher odds of early introduction of complementary foods/drinks. There are opportunities to support families participating in WIC to prevent early introduction of complementary foods/drinks and promote child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Marks
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and ObesityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- United States Public Health ServiceRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Ellen O. Boundy
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and ObesityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- United States Public Health ServiceRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Jasmine Y. Nakayama
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and ObesityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ruowei Li
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and ObesityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Heather C. Hamner
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and ObesityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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3
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Torgby-Tetteh W, Krishnamoorthy S, Buys EM. Exploration of Infant Food Microbial Composition from Formal and Informal Settings Using Viable Counts and 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing in Johannesburg, South Africa. Foods 2023; 12:3596. [PMID: 37835249 PMCID: PMC10572494 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a considerable agent of disease and loss of life in children below age five in South Africa. Soweto, South Africa is an urban township in Johannesburg, with most of its population living in informal settlements. Informal settlements in areas such as Soweto are often impoverished communities that do not get water easily, inadequate sanitation is pervasive, and poor hygiene common (risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases). Among the age groups, infants are most vulnerable to diarrhoeal infection, mainly through the ingestion of food and water. The presence of undesirable microbiota is a food safety and health challenge. This study investigated the microbiome of infant food samples collected from formal (n = 19) and informal (n = 11) households in Soweto. A non-culture-dependent technique was used to characterise the bacterial diversity and composition of the infant food samples. The results indicated that household type did not influence microbial diversity and composition in Soweto. South Africa. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Tenericutes dominated the phyla rank in food samples from formal and informal households. Potential pathogens of public health significance, including diarrhoeal disease agents such as Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Campylobacter spp., were detected within the foods. We concluded that the infant food samples showed rich bacterial diversity, and the presence of potential pathogens of public health significance suggests a disease risk that infants may face upon consuming the foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Torgby-Tetteh
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (W.T.-T.); (S.K.)
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (W.T.-T.); (S.K.)
- National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management-Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Thanjavur 613005, India
| | - Elna M. Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (W.T.-T.); (S.K.)
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Maeda K, Kusama Y, Atsumi Y, Takahara T, Kamimura K. Two Pediatric Cases of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to Soy Eaten as an Infant Food. Cureus 2023; 15:e38556. [PMID: 37288198 PMCID: PMC10241660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that can be caused not only by infant formula but also by infant food. Herein, we report two pediatric cases of FPIES to solid soy foods, such as tofu. The patients presented with repetitive vomiting after eating the trigger food as infant food. Although both cases promptly recovered following the cessation of the trigger food, one case required rapid intravenous hydration for compensated shock. Both cases were diagnosed with FPIES to soy based on the typical presentation and parental interviews regarding food exposure. One case had a positive response to an oral food challenge for tofu, and both cases were negative for soy-specific IgE. One of our cases did not develop FPIES from fermented soy products despite having soy-triggered FPIES. The fermentation process may reduce the allergenicity of soy, but further evidence is required to confirm this hypothesis. There are various trigger foods for solid food FPIES (SFF), and these differ among countries. Solid food FPIES to soy is more common in Japan than in other countries due to the frequent use of tofu in infant food. Increased international awareness of the possibility of tofu-triggered FPIES may be warranted due to the rising global use of tofu in infant food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, JPN
| | - Yoshiki Kusama
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, JPN
| | - Yukari Atsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, JPN
| | - Tadamori Takahara
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, JPN
| | - Katsunori Kamimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, JPN
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Soni S, Paari KA. A review on the immunomodulatory properties of functional nutraceuticals as dietary interventions for children to combat COVID-19 related infections. Food Prod Process and Nutr 2023; 5:17. [PMCID: PMC10076816 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting children’s cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Soni
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kuppusamy Alagesan Paari
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
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Ye Y, Forsythe S, Xu Z. Editorial: Infant food and intestinal immunity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1089890. [PMID: 36505266 PMCID: PMC9732656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1089890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhenbo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Dinour LM, Pole A. Evaluation of Breastfeeding App Features: Content Analysis Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e37581. [PMID: 36287596 PMCID: PMC9647452 DOI: 10.2196/37581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a variety of health apps abound, less than half of adults in the United States report using a health app, despite the ubiquity of smartphones among users aged 18 to 49 years. Several studies have examined the use of breastfeeding apps; however, less is known about the types of features found on these apps and what factors might influence app ratings. OBJECTIVE This paper seeks to characterize breastfeeding apps, assess whether apps with higher user ratings differ from apps with lower user ratings in their tracking and nontracking features, and analyze whether the type and number of features predict user star ratings and whether an app is higher- or lower-rated. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of breastfeeding apps was culled from the Apple App Store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android). Content analysis of the apps (N=82) was conducted using a schema of 87 items, which was then compiled into 9 topical indices for breastfeeding, bottle feeding, solid foods, infant health, infant care, technical characteristics, informatics, informational characteristics, and interactivity. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman rank correlations. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine which features predicted user star ratings. RESULTS On average, users rated breastfeeding apps 4.4 of 5 stars. Two-thirds of apps (n=54) were higher rated (≥4.5 stars), and one-third (n=28) were lower rated (<4.5 stars). Higher-rated apps offered more tracking features for breastfeeding, bottle feeding, solid foods, infant health, and infant care than lower-rated apps. The breastfeeding, solid-food, and technical indices explained 17% of user star ratings. For each additional breastfeeding and solid-food feature, we can expect to see a 27% and 35% increase, respectively, in user star ratings. Additionally, as the number of solid-food features increased, the odds that the app is higher rated increased 1.58 times. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest user ratings are driven in part by tracking features, specifically those related to breastfeeding and solid foods. The proliferation of mobile health apps offers opportunities for parents and caregivers to track behaviors associated with infant feeding and other health metrics in a dynamic, detailed, and comprehensive manner. Hence, breastfeeding apps have the potential to promote and support breastfeeding among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Dinour
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Education and Human Services, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
| | - Antoinette Pole
- Department of Political Science and Law, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
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Voltas N, Jardí C, Hernández-Martínez C, Arija V, Canals J. Association between free sugars intake and early psychopathological problems. J Child Health Care 2022:13674935221135106. [PMID: 36282888 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are highly prevalent in childhood and adolescence and may be associated with nutritional intake. It has recently been shown that a high percentage of infants and children consume large amounts of free sugars. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between free sugar consumption at 12 and 30 months and the risk of developing psychological problems at 30 months in a community sample of 86 children evaluated longitudinally. Socio-family and anthropometric data, and the amount of free sugars consumed were collected at both ages. At 30 months, the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 was administered to parents and an interview was conducted to identify psychological disorders in accordance with DC: 0-3's classification. We report a relationship between high free sugar consumption at 30 months and the concurrent presence of sleeping problems, ADHD and anxiety symptoms. However, no significant association was observed between free sugar consumption at 12 months and the subsequent development of psychological problems. Early detection of emotional and behavioural manifestations and high sugar consumption in children may help to prevent the persistence of psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Voltas
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Serra Húnter fellow; , Department of Psychology, 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jardí
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, 73047Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, 73047Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), 16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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9
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Pereira AM, Buffarini R, Domingues MR, Barros FCLF, da Silveira MF. Ultra-processed food consumption by children from a Pelotas Birth Cohort. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:79. [PMID: 36043657 PMCID: PMC9423094 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing the regular consumption of ultra-processed foods by children at 24 months of age from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort and the main demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors related to the consumption of these products. METHODS Population-based cohort in the city of Pelotas, RS, where 4,275 children were assessed at birth and 95.4% of them were followed up until 24 months of age. Food consumption was assessed by a questionnaire on regular consumption of ultra-processed foods, which collected information regarding sex, household income, maternal skin color, schooling level, and age, the child attending day care and having siblings, breastfeeding status, and obesity. The outcome was the sum of ultra-processed foods regularly consumed by a child. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the association between the regular consumption of ultra-processed foods and exposure variables. RESULTS The mean number of ultra-processed foods consumed was 4.8 (SD = 2.3). The regular consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with black skin color and having siblings, and negatively associated with household income and maternal schooling level and age. CONCLUSION The mean regular consumption of ultra-processed foods by children from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort is high, which can negatively affect the children’s diet. The risk of consuming this kind of food was higher among children from families of lower socioeconomic status, whose mothers present lower education level, black skin color, and younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Müller Pereira
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Romina Buffarini
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Marlos Rodrigues Domingues
- Universidade Federal de PelotasEscola Superior de Educação FísicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Educação FísicaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Escola Superior de Educação Física. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernando Celso Lopes Fernandes Barros
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariângela Freitas da Silveira
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasil Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Becker GE, Zambrano P, Ching C, Cashin J, Burns A, Policarpo E, Datu-Sanguyo J, Mathisen R. Global evidence of persistent violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: A systematic scoping review. Matern Child Nutr 2022; 18 Suppl 3:e13335. [PMID: 35313063 PMCID: PMC9113471 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of marketing on infant and young child feeding and health is well recognized, and an International Code was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 to reduce inappropriate marketing and protect breastfeeding. Yet the marketing and influencing continue. This scoping review systematically examined the published research evidence on the nature and extent of exposure to International Code violations from 1981 to August 2021. We used several search strategies involving multi‐language databases, organization websites, citation tracking, and expert consultation, to find research items meeting our inclusion criteria. We evaluated 657 items and retained 153 studies from at least 95 countries in the review. The majority of the studies (n = 113) documenting exposure to inappropriate marketing were published since 2010. Studies reported a broad range of marketing violations targeting mothers and families, health workers, and the general public. Marketing via digital platforms and brand extension has become more frequent. The evidence shows the use of misleading and inaccurate labeling and health and nutrition claims in breach of the Code. Our review confirms that violations of the Code have not ceased and calls for renewed attention from the WHA and national governments to protect the health of children and their mothers. Exposure to inappropriate marketing continues across the world in health systems, public spaces, points of sale, media, emergency programs, and direct to mothers. Studies have documented the emergence of products and marketing practices designed to circumvent the Code. Labeling and health and nutrition claims were found that were misleading, inaccurate, and in breach of the Code. Evidence of marketing through social media and other digital platforms has increased over time. Future research, guidance, and policies would benefit from an accessible central repository of comprehensive and comparable measurement tools and evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Zambrano
- Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia/FHI 360, Manila, Philippines
| | - Constance Ching
- Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer Cashin
- Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roger Mathisen
- Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia/FHI 360, Manila, Philippines
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Hoffmann V, Simiyu S, Sewell DK, Tsai K, Cumming O, Mumma J, Baker KK. Milk Product Safety and Household Food Hygiene Influence Bacterial Contamination of Infant Food in Peri-Urban Kenya. Front Public Health 2022; 9:772892. [PMID: 35211451 PMCID: PMC8861079 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.772892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk is a common infant food in peri-urban Kenya that can transmit diarrhea-causing enteric pathogens. Little is known about how contamination of milk at point of purchase and household handling of milk-based infant foods contribute to infant exposure to enteric pathogens. Objective To compare the prevalence and concentrations of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric pathogens in unpackaged, fresh pasteurized, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk at purchase and assess the influence of the type of milk used to prepare infant food on contamination of this food. Methods Paired samples of purchased milk and infant food prepared with this milk were obtained from 188 households in low-income neighborhoods in Kisumu, Kenya. Samples were cultured on selective media to isolate Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus spp., and Escherichia coli, with pathogens validated by PCR. Probability of detection of these bacteria was compared by milk product treatment and packaging method, and between milk at point of purchase vs. food at point of infant consumption. Results Unpackaged milk was most contaminated at point of purchase, but bacterial contamination was also present in pasteurized and UHT milk at purchase. Presence of bacteria in UHT and fresh pasteurized milk at purchase predicted presence of the same bacteria type in infant food. Prevalence of bacterial contamination and concentration level for bacterial indicators generally increased between point of purchase and consumption in UHT and fresh pasteurized milk-based food but decreased in unpackaged milk-based food. Prevalence of the four fecal bacteria were similar in infant foods prepared with each type of milk. Conclusion Both pre-market contamination and post-purchase handling influence the likelihood of infants ingesting foods contaminated by diarrheal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hoffmann
- Markets Trade and Institutions Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Daniel K Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kevin Tsai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Mumma
- Department of Community Nutrition, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kelly K Baker
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Czarnik M, Hamner HC, Moore LV. Food Preparation Practices for Infants Aged From 7 to 13 Months. J Nutr Educ Behav 2022; 54:28-35. [PMID: 34598893 PMCID: PMC10898497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine infant food preparation practices at age 7, 9, 11, and 13 months overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Data from a longitudinal study from the US Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (ITFPS-2) were used. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,904 infants (970 males and 934 females) enrolled in WIC who had been introduced to solid foods and were consuming food prepared at home. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food preparation practices included pureeing, mashing, chopping/dicing, and prechewing. Estimates were provided overall and by sociodemographics. ANALYSIS Prevalence estimates were calculated for each survey month overall and by sociodemographics. Chi-square tests for independence were used to test for differences. RESULTS Food preparation practices changed as infants aged. Pureeing and mashing were common in month 7 (57.8% and 59.6%, respectively), but chopping/dicing were the most prevalent by month 13 (85.4%). Food preparation practices did not vary by education status, but statistical differences were consistently observed by race and ethnicity and inconsistently observed by maternal age at birth. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Exposing children to a range of food textures at an appropriate age is important for developmental progress. Continued culturally relevant efforts by WIC educators and health care providers can emphasize the importance of early experiences with food textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaila Czarnik
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Heather C Hamner
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Latetia V Moore
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Mair C, Norris M, Donnelly C, Leeman D, Brown P, Marley E, Milligan C, Mackay N. Assessment of Citrinin in Spices and Infant Cereals Using Immunoaffinity Column Clean-Up with HPLC-Fluorescence Detection. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:715. [PMID: 34679008 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the analysis of citrinin has mainly been performed on cereals such as red yeast rice; however, in recent years, more complex and abnormal commodities such as spices and infant foods are becoming more widely assessed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate clean-up methods for spices and cereal-based infant foods using a citrinin immunoaffinity column before HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection. Each method developed was validated with a representative matrix, spiked at various citrinin concentrations, based around European Union (EU) regulations set for ochratoxin A (OTA), with recoveries >80% and % RSD < 9% in all cases. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were established at 1 and 3 µg/kg for spices and 0.1 and 0.25 µg/kg for infant cereals, respectively. These methods were then tested across a variety of spices and infant food products to establish efficacy with high recoveries >75% and % RSD < 5% across all matrices assessed. Therefore, these methods proved suitable for providing effective clean-up of spices and infant cereals, enabling reliable quantification of citrinin detected. Samples such as nutmeg and infant multigrain porridge had higher levels of citrinin contamination than anticipated, indicating that citrinin could be a concern for public health. This highlighted the need for close monitoring of citrinin contamination in these commodities, which may become regulated in the future.
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Plaza-Diaz J, Bernal MJ, Schutte S, Chenoll E, Genovés S, Codoñer FM, Gil A, Sanchez-Siles LM. Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051496. [PMID: 33925049 PMCID: PMC8145071 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of complementary foods during infancy marks an important step in the development of the infant gut microbiome. Infant cereals are popular weaning foods but consistent evidence on their effect on the intestinal microbiota, especially when differing in nutritional quality, is lacking. Fecal samples from 4–7-month-old Spanish infants who consumed infant cereals differing in whole grain and sugar content as first weaning foods were analyzed on changes in microbial composition by massively parallel sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. Samples were obtained from a previous trial conducted in Spain demonstrating whole-grain cereal acceptability. In total, samples of 18 infants consuming 0% whole grain cereals with 24 g sugar (0-WG) and 25 infants consuming 50% whole grain cereals with 12 g sugar (50-WG) were analyzed. Microbial composition changed significantly over time (p = 0.001), per intervention group (p = 0.029) and per infant (p = 0.001). Abundance of genus Veillonella increased in both groups while Enterococcus decreased. Within the 0-WG group, phylum Actinobacteria decreased along with genus Bifidobacterium. In the 50-WG, we observed an increase in Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides. In addition, 50-WG decreased Proteobacteria and Escherichia to levels lower than 0-WG. Although weaning itself appeared to be responsible for most changes, the increased presence of anaerobic fermenters together with inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia may indicate a supporting effect of infant cereals with 50% whole grains and a reduced sugar content over infant cereals manufactured with refined hydrolyzed flours on the infant microbiota. In fact, using a novel methodology for the identification of microbial signatures, we found two groups of microbial taxa predictive of infants consuming enriched whole-grain infant cereals with a high predictive value of about 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Bernal
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schutte
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Biopolis-ADM, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS. GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.M.S.-S.)
| | - Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles
- Research and Nutrition Department, Hero Group, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.S.)
- Institute for Research and Nutrition, Hero Group, 5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.M.S.-S.)
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Abstract
Risks posed by pesticide residues in infant food urge for protection of the most vulnerable part of our population. In the current study a total of 54 samples of infant food (juice and purée) were collected on the Serbian market. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization method detected 18 out of 69 analyzed pesticide active substances in 55.6% of the samples, most frequently carbendazim and acetamiprid. Domestic products as opposed to the imported ones showed a substantially higher proportion of positive (85% vs 38%) and noncompliant (10% vs 0%) samples, a number of pesticides detected (15 vs 8), the proportion of the samples with multiple residues (85% vs 15%), the maximum number of residues in an individual sample (7 vs 2). Risk assessment was performed for the present pesticide active substances, which was estimated to remain below the level of concern for both acute and chronic adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljilja Torović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia.,Department for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gorica Vuković
- Department for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Dimitrov
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
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Hundshammer C, Minge O. In Love with Shaping You-Influential Factors on the Breast Milk Content of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Their Decisive Roles for Neonatal Development. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3568. [PMID: 33233832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally versatile sugar molecules constituting the third major group of soluble components in human breast milk. Based on the disaccharide lactose, the mammary glands of future and lactating mothers produce a few hundreds of different HMOs implicating that their overall anabolism utilizes rather high amounts of energy. At first sight, it therefore seems contradictory that these sugars are indigestible for infants raising the question of why such an energy-intensive molecular class evolved. However, in-depth analysis of their molecular modes of action reveals that Mother Nature created HMOs for neonatal development, protection and promotion of health. This is not solely facilitated by HMOs in their indigestible form but also by catabolites that are generated by microbial metabolism in the neonatal gut additionally qualifying HMOs as natural prebiotics. This narrative review elucidates factors influencing the HMO composition as well as physiological roles of HMOs on their way through the infant body and within the gut, where a major portion of HMOs faces microbial catabolism. Concurrently, this work summarizes in vitro, preclinical and observational as well as interventional clinical studies that analyzed potential health effects that have been demonstrated by or were related to either human milk-derived or synthetic HMOs or HMO fractions.
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17
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Hutchinson J, Rippin H, Threapleton D, Jewell J, Kanamäe H, Salupuu K, Caroli M, Antignani A, Pace L, Vassallo C, Lande B, Hildonen C, Rito AI, Santos M, Gabrijelcic Blenkus M, Sarkadi-Nagy E, Erdei G, Cade JE, Breda J. High sugar content of European commercial baby foods and proposed updates to existing recommendations. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 17:e13020. [PMID: 32862552 PMCID: PMC7729710 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether commercial baby foods marketed within Europe (up to 36 months of age) have inappropriate formulation and high sugar content and to provide suggestions to update European regulations and recommendations as part of a nutrient profile model developed for this age group. The latter was produced following recommended World Health Organization (WHO) steps, including undertaking a rapid literature review. Packaging information from countries across the WHO European region was used to determine mean energy from total sugar by food category. The percentage of products containing added sugar and the percentage of savoury meal‐type products containing pureed fruit were also calculated. A total of 2,634 baby foods from 10 countries were summarised: 768 sold in the United Kingdom, over 200 each from Denmark (319), Spain (241), Italy (430) and Malta (243) and between 99–200 from Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Estonia and Slovenia. On average, approximately a third of energy in baby foods in these European countries came from total sugar, and for most food categories, energy from sugar was higher than 10%. Use of added sugars was widespread across product categories, with concentrated fruit juice most commonly used. Savoury meal‐type purees did not contain added sugars except in United Kingdom and Malta; however, fruit as an ingredient was found in 7% of savoury meals, most frequently seen in UK products. Clear proposals for reducing the high sugar content seen in commercial baby foods were produced. These suggestions, relating to both content and labelling, should be used to update regulations and promote product reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Holly Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Diane Threapleton
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jo Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haidi Kanamäe
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Centre for Health Risks Prevention, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristin Salupuu
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Angelo Antignani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucienne Pace
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Britt Lande
- Division Prevention and Public Health, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Hildonen
- Division Prevention and Public Health, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Health Institute Dr.Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Health Institute Dr.Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Gergő Erdei
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Cheng H, Tutt A, Llewellyn C, Size D, Jones J, Taki S, Rossiter C, Denney-Wilson E. Content and Quality of Infant Feeding Smartphone Apps: Five-Year Update on a Systematic Search and Evaluation. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17300. [PMID: 32459187 PMCID: PMC7287747 DOI: 10.2196/17300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents use apps to access information on child health, but there are no standards for providing evidence-based advice, support, and information. Well-developed apps that promote appropriate infant feeding and play can support healthy growth and development. A 2015 systematic assessment of smartphone apps in Australia about infant feeding and play found that most apps had minimal information, with poor readability and app quality. Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate the information and quality of smartphone apps providing information on breastfeeding, formula feeding, introducing solids, or infant play for consumers. Methods The Google Play store and Apple App Store were searched for free and paid Android and iPhone Operating System (iOS) apps using keywords for infant feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and tummy time. The apps were evaluated between September 2018 and January 2019 for information content based on Australian guidelines, app quality using the 5-point Mobile App Rating Scale, readability, and suitability of health information. Results A total of 2196 unique apps were found and screened. Overall, 47 apps were evaluated, totaling 59 evaluations for apps across both the Android and iOS platforms. In all, 11 apps had affiliations to universities and health services as app developers, writers, or editors. Furthermore, 33 apps were commercially developed. The information contained within the apps was poor: 64% (38/59) of the evaluations found no or low coverage of information found in the Australian guidelines on infant feeding and activity, and 53% (31/59) of the evaluations found incomplete or incorrect information with regard to the depth of information provided. Subjective app assessment by health care practitioners on whether they would use, purchase, or recommend the app ranged from poor to acceptable (median 2.50). Objective assessment of the apps’ engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information was scored as acceptable (median 3.63). The median readability score for the apps was at the American Grade 8 reading level. The suitability of health information was rated superior or adequate for content, reading demand, layout, and interaction with the readers. Conclusions The quality of smartphone apps on infant feeding and activity was moderate based on the objective measurements of engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information from a reliable source. The overall quality of information on infant feeding and activity was poor, indicated by low coverage of topics and incomplete or partially complete information. The key areas for improvement involved providing evidence-based information consistent with the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s Infant Feeding Guidelines. Apps supported and developed by health care professionals with adequate health service funding can ensure that parents are provided with credible and reliable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heilok Cheng
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alison Tutt
- Child and Family Health Nursing, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Catherine Llewellyn
- Child and Family Health Nursing, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Donna Size
- Child and Family Health Nursing, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia.,Lactation Clinic, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Child and Family Health Nursing, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Centre of Research Excellence in Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Health Promotion, Population Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Chris Rossiter
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Denney-Wilson
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, Australia
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19
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Fei M, Jin Y, Jin L, Su J, Ruan Y, Wang F, Liu C, Sun C. Adaptation of Rice to the Nordic Climate Yields Potential for Rice Cultivation at Most Northerly Site and the Organic Production of Low-Arsenic and High-Protein Rice. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 32425956 PMCID: PMC7212348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand for low-arsenic rice in the global market, particularly for consumption by small children. Soils in Uppsala, Sweden, contain low concentrations of arsenic (As). We hypothesize that if certain japonica paddy rice varieties can adapt to the cold climate and long day length in Uppsala and produce normal grains, such a variety could be used for organic production of low-arsenic rice for safe rice consumption. A japonica paddy rice variety, "Heijing 5," can be cultivated in Uppsala, Sweden, after several years' adaptation, provided that the rice plants are kept under a simple plastic cover when the temperature is below 10°C. Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" has a low concentration of 0.1 mg per kg and high protein content of 12.6% per dry weight in brown rice grain, meaning that it thus complies with all dietary requirements determined by the EU and other countries for small children. The high protein content is particularly good for small children in terms of nutrition. Theoretically, Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" can produce a yield of around 5100 kg per ha, and it has a potential for organic production. In addition, we speculate that cultivation of paddy rice can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Swedish river water and reduce nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea and associated algae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunkai Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Bessaire T, Mujahid C, Mottier P, Desmarchelier A. Multiple Mycotoxins Determination in Food by LC-MS/MS: An International Collaborative Study. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E658. [PMID: 31726655 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An intercollaborative study was organized to evaluate the performance characteristics of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedure for the simultaneous determination of 12 mycotoxins in food, which were ochratoxin A, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins B1 and B2, and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The method combined the simplicity of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe) approach with the efficiency of immunoaffinity column cleanup (the step used to enhance sensitivity and sample cleanup for some matrices only). Twenty-three entities were enrolled and were European reference laboratories for mycotoxin analysis, U.S. and European service laboratories, and Nestlé laboratories. Each participant analyzed 28 incurred and/or spiked blind samples composed of spices, nuts, milk powder, dried fruits, cereals, and baby food using the protocol given. Method performances were assessed according to ISO 5725-2. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility and trueness values for each of the 115 mycotoxin/sample combinations ranged from 5% to 23%, 7% to 26%, and 85% to 129%, respectively, in line with requirements defined in EC 401/2006. The overall set of data gathered demonstrated that the method offered a unique platform to ensure compliance with EC 1881/2006 and EC 165/2013 regulations setting maximum limits for mycotoxins in food samples, even at low regulated levels for foods intended for infants and young children. The method was applicable regardless of the food, the regulated mycotoxin, and the concentration level, and thus is an excellent candidate for future standardization.
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21
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Klerks M, Bernal MJ, Roman S, Bodenstab S, Gil A, Sanchez-Siles LM. Infant Cereals: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities for Whole Grains. Nutrients 2019; 11:E473. [PMID: 30813426 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant cereals play an important role in the complementary feeding period. The aim of this study was to review existing research about the quantity, type, and degree of infant cereal processing, with a special focus on whole grain infant cereals. Accumulating evidence shows many benefits of whole grain consumption for human health. Likewise, consumers are frequently linking the term whole grains to healthiness and naturality, and sustainable food production becomes a more important aspect when choosing an infant cereal brand. Whole grain cereals should be consumed as early as possible, i.e., during infancy. However, there are several challenges that food manufacturers are facing that need to be addressed. Recommendations are needed for the intake of whole grain cereals for infants and young children, including product-labeling guidelines for whole grain foods targeting these age stages. Another challenge is minimizing the higher contaminant content in whole grains, as well as those formed during processing. Yet, the greatest challenge may be to drive consumers' acceptance, including taste. The complementary feeding period is absolutely key in shaping the infant's food preferences and habits; therefore, it is the appropriate stage in life at which to introduce whole grain cereals for the acceptance of whole grains across the entire lifespan.
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22
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Unal S, Demirel N, Bas AY, Arifoğlu İ, Erol S, Ulubas Isik D. Impact of Feeding Interval on Time to Achieve Full Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34:783-788. [PMID: 30644599 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are scheduled to receive total feeding amount in either 3-hour or 2-hour intervals. A gavage feeding may be required if the scheduled amount is not completed orally. Feedings every 2 hours are one-third smaller than feedings every 3 hours. Thus, if the volume of each feed is reduced by decreasing the feeding interval from 3 to 2 hours, the likelihood that the infant completes each volume orally increases, and the probability of requiring gavage feeding decreases. The impact of feeding with 2-hour or 3-hour intervals on time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants was investigated. METHODS Infants on full enteral gavage feedings were randomized into 2 groups to receive feedings in either 3-hour or 2-hour intervals. The time to achieve full oral feeding and the duration of feeding transition from gavage to oral feedings were investigated. Data were presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS The study included 100 infants (gestational age: 29 [28-31] weeks, birth weight: 1205 [1040-1380] g) with 50 in each group. The postmenstrual age to achieve full oral feeding was 35 (35-37) weeks in the 3-hour-interval group and 35 (34-36) weeks in the 2-hour-interval group; P = 0.131. The duration of feeding transition was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Feeding every 2 hours caused no improvement in the time to achieve full oral feeding. The 3-hour-interval feeding is appropriate for the neonatal units, where less handling of preterms and decreased workload of nurses are valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Unal
- Department of Neonatology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihal Demirel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yağmur Bas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlter Arifoğlu
- Department of Neonatology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara Erol
- Department of Neonatology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ulubas Isik
- Department of Neonatology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Chiesa LM, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Arioli F. Evaluation of parabens and their metabolites in fish and fish products: a comprehensive analytical approach using LC-HRMS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2400-2413. [PMID: 30475676 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1544721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parabens (PBs) are preservatives frequently used in cosmetics and personal care products as well as in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to their extensive defence mechanisms against multiple categories of microorganisms. Although they are considered safe when used within defined concentration limits, concern about their potential toxicity is still particularly active. Revealed as emerging pollutants, their incidence and behaviour in the aquatic environment have been studied, but there is only sporadic information when it comes to their extent and distribution in seafood. This study explores the presence of methyl- (MeP), ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzylparaben and their main degradation product 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) in several fish species and bivalve samples with the aim to evaluate these food matrices as potentially important contamination sources of PB. Additionally, infant food containing fish was also enrolled in this survey: firstly, due to the absence of any information regarding this exceptionally important food item, and secondly, because of the necessity to estimate the PB content in the processed food. For this purpose, a fast, reliable and robust method was developed based on a simple liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance LC, coupled with a benchtop Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution MS. The Q-Exactive parameters were carefully scheduled to achieve a balance between the optimal scan speed and selectivity, considering the limitations that are associated with generic sample preparation methodology. The method was validated through specificity, linearity, recovery, intra- and inter-day repeatability, LOD and LOQ. LOD and LOQ reached the ranges 0.65-3.5 and 2.15-11.7 ng g-1, respectively, while overall recovery ranged from 77% to 118%. The PBs were more frequently present in bivalves than in fish samples with MeP as the main PB detected. No PBs were found in infant food, but pHBA was observed in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Chadare FJ, Madode YE, Fanou-Fogny N, Kindossi JM, Ayosso JO, Honfo SH, Kayodé AP, Linnemann AR, Hounhouigan DJ. Indigenous food ingredients for complementary food formulations to combat infant malnutrition in Benin: a review. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:439-455. [PMID: 28731216 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews indigenous Beninese food resources as potential ingredients for complementary infant foods with the aim to develop affordable formulations for low-income households in each agro-ecological zone of the country. Potential ingredients were selected on their documented nutritional value. The selected foods encompass 347 food resources, namely 297 plant products from home gardens or collected from natural vegetation and 50 animals, either domesticated or from the wild. The compiled data reveal that the distribution of the available food resources was unbalanced between agro-ecological zones. Only a few animal ingredients are obtainable in northern Benin. Most resources are seasonal, but their availability may be extended. A high variation was observed in energy and nutrient contents. Antinutritional factors were identified in some resources, but processing techniques were reported to reduce their presence in meals. In general, ingredients from local tree foods (Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa) were adequate as sources of nutrients for complementary infant foods. Based on this review, local foods for the development of complementary food formulas for Beninese infants and children may be selected for each agro-ecological zone. The approach used is exemplary for other sub-Saharan African countries in need of complementary infant foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora J Chadare
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Conservation et de Transformation des produits Agricoles, Université Nationale d'Agriculture (ESTCTPA/UNA), Sakété, Bénin
| | - Yann E Madode
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Nadia Fanou-Fogny
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Janvier M Kindossi
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Juvencio Og Ayosso
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - S Hermann Honfo
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (Labef/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Ap Polycarpe Kayodé
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Anita R Linnemann
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University (FQD/WU), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Joseph Hounhouigan
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (LSA/FSA/UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Wu C, Chen X, Liu J, Zhang X, Xue W, Liang Z, Liu M, Cui Y, Huang D, Zhang L. [High-sensitive detection of multiple allergenic proteins in infant food with high-resolution mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2017; 35:1037-41. [PMID: 29048799 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2017.06013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method of the simultaneous detection of multiple kinds of allergenic proteins in infant food with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established. In this method, unique peptides with good stability and high sensibility were used to quantify the corresponding allergenic proteins. Furthermore, multiple kinds of allergenic proteins are inspected simultaneously with high sensitivity. In addition, such method was successfully used for the detection of multiple allergenic proteins in infant food. As for the sample preparation for infant food, compared with the traditional acetone precipitation strategy, the protein extraction efficiency and capacity of resisting disturbance are both higher with in-situ filter-aided sample pretreatment (i-FASP) method. All allergenic proteins gave a good linear response with the correlation coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.99, and the largest concentration range of the allergenic proteins could be four orders of magnitude, and the lowest detection limit was 0.028 mg/L, which was better than that reported in references. Finally, the method was conveniently used to detect the allergens from four imported infant food real samples. All the results demonstrate that this novel strategy is of great significance for providing a rapid and reliable analytical technique for allergen proteomics.
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Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are persistent endocrine disruptors that are priority hazardous substances of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Their presence in the environment has caused growing concern regarding their impact on human health. Recent studies have shown that nonylphenol is ubiquitous in commercially available foodstuffs and is also present in human blood. The isomer distribution of 4-nonylphenol was analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry in 44 samples of infant food. Our study shows that the distribution of nonylphenol isomers is dependent on the foodstuff analyzed. Although some isomer groups prevail, different distributions are frequent. Variations are even found in the same food group. Nonylphenol is a complex mixture of isomers, and the estrogenic potentials of each of these isomers are very different. Consequently, to determine the potential toxicological impact of NP in food, an isomer-specific approach is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Günther
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2) , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torsten Räcker
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2) , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Böhme
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Charchoghlyan H, Kwon H, Hwang DJ, Lee JS, Lee J, Kim M. Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii by Lactobacillus acidophilus n.v. Er2 317/402. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:635-640. [PMID: 27857539 PMCID: PMC5112426 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus n.v. Er2 317/402 strain Narine is known as a health beneficial functional probiotic culture and supplementary source of nutrition for newborns. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activities of Narine-lyophilized (Narine-L), Narine-heat treated (Narine-HT), and Narine crude cell-free extract (Narine-CCFE) were evaluated against pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) in agar as well as in a reconstituted powdered infant formula (RPIF) model. Inhibition zones of 30 mg Narine-L and Narine-HT were both 150 U, whereas inhibition zone of 30 mg Narine-CCFE was 200 U. Narine-L (1 g) and Narine-HT (1 g) were added to 10 mL of artificially contaminated RPIF, respectively, containing 100 μL of C. sakazakii (1.62×108 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL). After treatment with Narine-L and Narine-HT for 3 h and 6 h at 37℃, less than ≤107 CFU/mL of C. sakazakii was detected in RPIF. Without Narine-L and Narine-HT treatment, the population of C. sakazakii increased up to 5.36×109 CFU/mL after 6 h. Examination by transmission electron microscopy confirmed C. sakazakii cells were damaged by Narine-CCFE. Thus, employing Narine culture as a natural and safe bio-preservative may protect infants from C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haykuhi Charchoghlyan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Heejun Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Cook, Taegu Science University, Daegu 41453, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Michels KA, Mumford SL, Sundaram R, Bell EM, Bello SC, Yeung EH. Differences in infant feeding practices by mode of conception in a United States cohort. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1014-1022.e1. [PMID: 26773191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify associations between fertility treatment use (assisted reproductive technologies, ovulation induction, and artificial insemination) and subsequent infant feeding practices. DESIGN The Upstate KIDS population-based cohort enrolled mothers who delivered live births in New York (2008-2010), sampling on fertility treatment and plurality. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Data regarding singletons and one randomly selected infant between twins were used. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Mothers reported breast feeding and formula feeding practices at 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Modified Poisson regression was used to compare risks for feeding practices by mode of conception. Marginal structural models were used to estimate the controlled direct effects of fertility treatment on feeding, independent of preterm birth. RESULT(S) Among 4,591 mothers, 1,361 (30%) conceived with the use of fertility treatments. Mothers who used fertility treatments were less likely to breast feed to 12 months after birth and were more likely to provide formula, solids, and juice by 4 months than mothers who did not conceive with treatments. Fertility treatment remained associated with breast feeding cessation and formula feeding in mediation analyses, suggesting that preterm birth does not fully explain these associations. CONCLUSION(S) Women who conceived with the use of fertility treatments were less likely to breast feed later in infancy and were more likely to provide formula, solids, and juice earlier in infancy. Our analyses accounted for confounding and preterm birth, but other contributing factors may include difficulties feeding twins or workplace breast feeding accommodations.
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Seo JH, Kim HY, Jung YH, Lee E, Yang SI, Yu HS, Kim YJ, Kang MJ, Kim HJ, Park KS, Kwon JW, Kim BJ, Kim HB, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Lee SY, Hong SJ. Interactions between innate immunity genes and early-life risk factors in allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015; 7:241-8. [PMID: 25840711 PMCID: PMC4397364 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic disease. Many factors could affect the development of AR. We investigated early-life factors, such as delivery mode, feeding method, and use of antibiotics during infancy, which could affect the development of AR. In addition, how interactions between these factors and innate gene polymorphisms influence the development of AR was investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1,828 children aged 9-12 years was conducted. Three early-life factors and AR were assessed by a questionnaire. Skin prick tests were done. Polymorphisms of TLR4 (rs1927911) and CD14 (rs2569190) were genotyped. RESULTS Use of antibiotics during infancy increased the risk of AR (aOR [95% CI] 1.511 [1.222-2.037]) and atopic AR (aOR [95% CI], 1.565 [1.078-2.272]). There were synergistic interactions between caesarean delivery, formula feeding, and use of antibiotics in the rate of atopic AR (aOR [95% CI], 3.038 [1.256-7.347]). Additional analyses revealed that the risk for the development of AR or atopic AR subjects with the TLR4 CC genotype were highest when all the 3 early-life factors were present (aOR [95% CI], 5.127 [1.265-20.780] for AR; 6.078 [1.499-24.649] for atopic AR). In addition, the risk for the development of AR or atopic AR in subjects with the CD14 TT genotype were highest when all the 3 early-life factors were present (aOR [95% CI], 5.960 [1.421-15.002] for AR; 6.714 [1.440-31.312] for atopic AR). CONCLUSIONS Delivery mode, feeding method, and use of antibiotics during infancy appeared to have synergistic interactions in the development of AR. Gene-environment interactions between polymorphism of innate genes and early- life risk factors might affect the development of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korean Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song I Yang
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Yu
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joon Kim
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kang
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Jung Kim
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Seo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyo Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Allergy TF, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Joo Shil Lee
- Allergy TF, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Newby RM, Davies PSW. A prospective study of the introduction of complementary foods in contemporary Australian infants: What, when and why? J Paediatr Child Health 2015; 51:186-91. [PMID: 25059689 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To accurately establish the extent to which breastfeeding exclusivity and duration and the introduction of foods other than breast milk are congruous with Australian infant feeding guidelines among a cohort of primiparous women and their infants in Australia. METHOD The Feeding Queensland Babies Study is primarily a questionnaire-based prospective birth cohort study of infant feeding attitudes and behaviours but also collected significant data on feeding patterns in infancy. These data were extracted from the demographic questionnaire and from questionnaires administered at 4 and 6 months of infant age. Participants were healthy primiparous Australian women aged between 18 and 40 years, recruited by convenience sampling in Queensland, Australia. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire both online and on paper between October 2010 and September 2011. RESULTS Breastfeeding initiation in this cohort is high; however, by 4 months of age, 15.4% of mothers had completely ceased any breastfeeding, 28.7% of infants had been given formula and 18.5% had been introduced to baby cereal. By 6 months of age, 98.4% of infants had been introduced to non-milk foods, most commonly at a rate of one new food every 4 to 5 days. CONCLUSION Contemporary prospective data on infant feeding have value in describing trends that may influence the health outcomes of a generation of Australian children. Even in this group of relatively well-educated Australian women, premature cessation of breastfeeding and the early introduction of foods other than breast milk to infants demonstrate behaviours not congruous with evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Newby
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Yang B, Zhao H, Cui S, Wang Y, Xia X, Xi M, Wang X, Meng J, Ge W. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica in dried milk-related infant foods in Shaanxi, China. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6754-60. [PMID: 25218754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and characteristics of Salmonella enterica in dried milk-related infant foods. Twenty-four (3.4%) of 705 samples, including 5 (2.0%) of 246 powdered infant formula, 18 (4.0%) of 445 infant rice cereal, and 1 (7.1%) of 14 other infant foods, were positive for Salmonella. Fifteen serotypes were identified in 40 Salmonella isolates; Salmonella Duesseldorf (15.0%) and Salmonella Indiana (15.0%) were more frequently detected than other serotypes. Resistance to chloramphenicol (82.5%) was most common, followed by tetracycline (57.5%), ceftiofur (52.5%), kanamycin (52.5%), streptomycin (50.0%), gentamycin (45.0%), nalidixic acid (35.0%), ceftriaxone (32.5%), ciprofloxacin (25.0%), amikacin (20.0%), and cefoxitin (15.0%). Twenty-eight (70.0%) isolates were resistant to ≥ 8 antimicrobials, with 5 (12.5%) being resistant to 14 antimicrobials. Amino acid substitutions in gyrase A (GyrA) were most frequently detected as Ser83Arg/Asp87Glu and in p53-associated Parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (ParC), they were all Ser80Arg; the quinolone resistance gene qnrS (47.5%) was commonly detected as well as aminoglycoside acetyltransferase [aac(6')-Ib; 25.0%], qnrA (17.5%), and qnrB (15.0%) genes. Thirty distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were identified among 40 isolates; no identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was detected among Salmonella isolates with the same serovar that was recovered in 2010 and 2012. Our results suggest that dried milk-related infant foods could be contaminated with Salmonella and highlight that the dangers to infant health should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - H Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - S Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - X Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - M Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - J Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - W Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Smith J, Blake M. Infant food marketing strategies undermine effective regulation of breast-milk substitutes: trends in print advertising in Australia, 1950-2010. Aust N Z J Public Health 2014; 37:337-44. [PMID: 23895476 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study addresses the issue of whether voluntary industry regulation has altered companies' marketing of breast-milk substitutes in Australia since the adoption of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Code on the Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes 1981. METHODS Print advertisements marketing breast-milk substitutes were systematically sampled from the Australian Women's Weekly (AWW) magazine and the Medical Journal of Australia (MJA) for the 61 years from 1950 to 2010. RESULTS Breast-milk substitute advertising in both the MJA and the AWW peaked and began declining before the introduction of the WHO Code in 1981. Although there was almost no infant formula advertising in AWW after 1975-79, other breast-milk substitute advertising has been increasing since 1992, in particular for baby food, toddler formula and food and brand promotion. CONCLUSIONS Companies have adopted strategies to minimise the effects of the Code on sales and profit in Australia, including increasing toddler formula and food advertisements, increasing brand promotion to the public, and complying with more limited voluntary regulatory arrangements. IMPLICATIONS Comprehensive regulation is urgently required to address changed marketing practices if it is to protect breastfeeding in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Smith
- Australian Centre for Economic Research on Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, ACT, Australia.
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Awaisheh SS, Al-Nabulsi AA, Osaili TM, Ibrahim S, Holley R. Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii by heat labile bacteriocins produced by probiotic LAB isolated from healthy infants. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M1416-20. [PMID: 23924352 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause bacteremia, meningitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, most often in neonates with case-fatality rates that may reach 80%. The antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria against a wide range of foodborne pathogens is well-established in different types of food products. The objective of the current study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei isolated from feces of healthy infants against different strains of C. sakazakii in agar and a rehydrated infant milk formula (RIMF) model. The inhibition zones of C. sakazakii around L. acidophilus or L. casei ranged from 22 to 32 mm on eMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar under aerobic conditions, while a slight reduction in antibacterial activity was noted on modified MRS (0.2% glucose) under anaerobic conditions. It was observed that pH-neutralized cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. acidophilus or L. casei was inhibitory against tested C. sakazakii strains. The inhibition zones of neutralized CFS were lower than the antibacterial activities of live cultures. The antibacterial activity of CFS was abolished when CFS from L. acidophilus or L. casei was heated at 60 or 80 °C for either 10 min or 2 h, or treated with trypsin or pepsin. This was considered strong evidence that the inhibition was due to the production of bacteriocins by L. casei and L. acidophilus. Both the CFS and active growing cells of L. casei and L. acidophilus were able to reduce the viability of C. sakazakii in the RIMF model. The results may extend the use of natural antimicrobials instead of conventional preservation methods to improve the safety of RIMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam S Awaisheh
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology, Al-Balqa Applied Univ., Salt, Jordan, 19117
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Lachenmeier DW, Humpfer E, Fang F, Schütz B, Dvortsak P, Sproll C, Spraul M. NMR-spectroscopy for nontargeted screening and simultaneous quantification of health-relevant compounds in foods: the example of melamine. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:7194-7199. [PMID: 20349917 PMCID: PMC2725748 DOI: 10.1021/jf902038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent melamine crisis in China has pointed out a serious deficiency in current food control systems, namely, they specifically focus on selected known compounds. This targeted approach allowed the presence of melamine in milk products to be overlooked for a considerable time. To avoid such crises in the future, we propose that nontargeted screening methods need to be developed and applied. To this end, NMR has an extraordinary potential that just started to be recognized and exploited. Our research shows that, from the very same set of spectra, (1)H NMR at 400 MHz can distinguish between melamine-contaminated and melamine-free infant formulas and can provide quantitative information by integration of individual lines after identification. For contaminated Chinese infant formulas or candy, identical results were obtained when comparing NMR with SPE-LC/MS/MS. NMR was found to be suitable for routine nontargeted and targeted analyses of foods, and its use will significantly increase food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinaruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Sadoh WE, Sadoh AE, Adeniran KA, Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI. Infant-feeding practices among HIV-infected mothers in an HIV-treatment programme. J Health Popul Nutr 2008; 26:463-467. [PMID: 19069626 PMCID: PMC2740699 DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v26i4.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of HIV via breastmilk has led to various recommendations for HIV-infected mothers. In this study, the feeding practices of HIV-infected mothers in the first six months of their infants' lives were evaluated. In total, 103 consecutive mothers of children, aged 6-24 months, were evaluated for their feeding practices in the first six months of their infants' lives. The mothers were recruited in two cohorts based on their entry (PMTCT cohort) or non-entry (non-PMTCT cohort) to an HIV MTCT-prevention programme. Information obtained included maternal age, socioeconomic class, and the educational level attained. All the babies in the non-PMTCT cohort were breastfed compared to none in the PMTCT cohort. Infant formula was inadequately prepared for 77.42% of babies in the non-PMTCT cohort compared to 18.64% in the PMTCT cohort. The mixed-feeding rate was high (70.45%) in the non-PMTCT cohort. Over 70% of babies in both the cohorts were bottle-fed. Voluntary counselling and testing services in the healthcare system should be strengthened. All mothers should receive infant-feeding counselling, with exclusive breastfeeding being encouraged in those with unknown HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson E Sadoh
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin/University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
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Becquet R, Leroy V, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Castetbon K, Fassinou P, Dabis F, Timite-Konan M. Complementary feeding adequacy in relation to nutritional status among early weaned breastfed children who are born to HIV-infected mothers: ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Pediatrics 2006; 117:e701-10. [PMID: 16585284 PMCID: PMC2098879 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In high HIV prevalence resource-constrained settings, exclusive breastfeeding with early cessation is one of the conceivable interventions aimed at the prevention of HIV through breast milk. Nevertheless, this intervention has potential adverse effects, such as the inappropriateness of complementary feeding to take over breast milk. The purpose of our study first was to describe the nature and the ages of introduction of complementary feeding among early weaned breastfed infants up to their first birthday and second was to assess the nutritional adequacy of these complementary foods by creating a child feeding index and to investigate its association with child nutritional status. METHODS A prospective cohort study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, was conducted in HIV-infected pregnant women who were willing to breastfeed and had received a perinatal antiretroviral prophylaxis. They were requested to practice exclusive breastfeeding and initiate early cessation of breastfeeding from the fourth month to reduce breast milk HIV transmission. Nature and ages of introductory complementary feeding were described in infants up to their first birthday by longitudinal compilation of 24-hour and 7-day recall histories. These recalls were done weekly until 6 weeks of age, monthly until 9 months of age, and then quarterly. We created an index to synthesize the nutritional adequacy of infant feeding practices (in terms of quality of the source of milk, dietary diversity, food, and meal frequencies) ranging from 0 to 12. The association of this feeding index with growth outcomes in children was investigated. RESULTS Among the 262 breastfed children included, complete cessation of breastfeeding occurred in 77% by their first birthday, with a median duration of 4 months. Most of the complementary foods were introduced within the seventh month of life, except for infant food and infant formula that were introduced at age 4 months. The feeding index was relatively low (5 of 12) at age 6 months, mainly as a result of insufficient dietary diversity, but was improved in the next 6 months (8.5 of 12 at 12 months of age). Inadequate complementary feeding at age 6 months was associated with impaired growth during the next 12 months, with a 37% increased probability of stunting. CONCLUSION Adequate feeding practices around the weaning period are crucial to achieving optimal child growth. HIV-infected women should turn to early cessation of breastfeeding only when they are counseled properly to provide adequate complementary feeding to take over breast milk. Our child feeding index could contribute to the assessment of the nutritional adequacy of complementary feeding around the weaning period and therefore help to detect children who are at risk for malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Becquet
- Unité INSERM 593, Institut de Santé Publique Epidémiologie et Développement, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France.
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