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Hutchinson J, Rippin H, Threapleton D, Jewell J, Kanamäe H, Salupuu K, Caroli M, Antignani A, Pace L, Vassallo C, Lande B, Hildonen C, Rito AI, Santos M, Gabrijelcic Blenkus M, Sarkadi-Nagy E, Erdei G, Cade JE, Breda J. High sugar content of European commercial baby foods and proposed updates to existing recommendations. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 17:e13020. [PMID: 32862552 PMCID: PMC7729710 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether commercial baby foods marketed within Europe (up to 36 months of age) have inappropriate formulation and high sugar content and to provide suggestions to update European regulations and recommendations as part of a nutrient profile model developed for this age group. The latter was produced following recommended World Health Organization (WHO) steps, including undertaking a rapid literature review. Packaging information from countries across the WHO European region was used to determine mean energy from total sugar by food category. The percentage of products containing added sugar and the percentage of savoury meal‐type products containing pureed fruit were also calculated. A total of 2,634 baby foods from 10 countries were summarised: 768 sold in the United Kingdom, over 200 each from Denmark (319), Spain (241), Italy (430) and Malta (243) and between 99–200 from Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Estonia and Slovenia. On average, approximately a third of energy in baby foods in these European countries came from total sugar, and for most food categories, energy from sugar was higher than 10%. Use of added sugars was widespread across product categories, with concentrated fruit juice most commonly used. Savoury meal‐type purees did not contain added sugars except in United Kingdom and Malta; however, fruit as an ingredient was found in 7% of savoury meals, most frequently seen in UK products. Clear proposals for reducing the high sugar content seen in commercial baby foods were produced. These suggestions, relating to both content and labelling, should be used to update regulations and promote product reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Holly Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Diane Threapleton
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jo Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haidi Kanamäe
- Nutrition and Exercise Unit, Centre for Health Risks Prevention, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristin Salupuu
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Angelo Antignani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucienne Pace
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Britt Lande
- Division Prevention and Public Health, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Hildonen
- Division Prevention and Public Health, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Health Institute Dr.Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Santos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Health Institute Dr.Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Gergő Erdei
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Varga A, Bakacs M, Zentai A, Nagy B, Nagy-Lőrincz Z, Erdei G, Illés É, Varga-Nagy V, Sarkadi Nagy E, Cserháti Z, Kaposvári C. Assessment of the public catering act in primary schools in Hungary. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Varga
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Bakacs
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Zentai
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Nagy
- University of Physical Education, Center of Sports Nutrition Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Nagy-Lőrincz
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Erdei
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - É Illés
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Varga-Nagy
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Sarkadi Nagy
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Cserháti
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cs Kaposvári
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
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Erdei G, Bakacs M, Illés É, Nagy B, Kaposvári C, Mák E, Nagy ES, Cserháti Z, Kovács VA. Substantial variation across geographic regions in the obesity prevalence among 6-8 years old Hungarian children (COSI Hungary 2016). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:611. [PMID: 29743055 PMCID: PMC5944005 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been previous representative nutritional status surveys conducted in Hungary, but this is the first one that examines overweight and obesity prevalence according to the level of urbanization and in different geographic regions among 6–8-year-old children. We also assessed whether these variations were different by sex. Methods This survey was part of the fourth data collection round of World Health Organization (WHO) Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative which took place during the academic year 2016/2017. The representative sample was determined by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 5332 children (48.4% boys; age 7.54 ± 0.64 years) were measured from all seven geographic regions including urban (at least 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1598), semi-urban (100 to 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1932) and rural (less than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1802) areas. Results Using the WHO reference, prevalence of overweight and obesity within the whole sample were 14.2, and 12.7%, respectively. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, rates were 12.6 and 8.6%. Northern Hungary and Southern Transdanubia were the regions with the highest obesity prevalence of 11.0 and 12.0%, while Central Hungary was the one with the lowest obesity rate (6.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be higher in rural areas (13.0 and 9.8%) than in urban areas (11.9 and 7.0%). Concerning differences in sex, girls had higher obesity risk in rural areas (OR = 2.0) but boys did not. Odds ratios were 2.0–3.4 in different regions for obesity compared to Central Hungary, but only among boys. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in Hungary. Remarkable differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity by geographic regions. These variations can only be partly explained by geographic characteristics. Trial registration Study protocol was approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council (61158–2/2016/EKU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Erdei
- School of PhD Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary. .,Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. .,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Éva Illés
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Barbara Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Csilla Kaposvári
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mák
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sarkadi Nagy
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cserháti
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Viktória Anna Kovács
- Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrínyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
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Nagy B, Nagy-Lőrincz Z, Bakacs M, Illés É, Sarkadi Nagy E, Erdei G, Martos É. [Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey - The OTAP2014 study. IV. Microelement intake of the Hungarian population]. Orv Hetil 2017; 158:803-810. [PMID: 28530454 DOI: 10.1556/650.2017.30773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM The Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey examined the dietary habits of the Hungarian population. This publication presents the microelement intake. METHOD The survey represents the microelement intake of the Hungarian non-institutionalised adult population of 18 years and older. RESULTS While the intake of iron, copper and manganese corresponded with the recommendations in males, in females it was insufficient. The iron intake of women in their reproductive age (9.8 mg/d) stayed well below the recommendation, thus representing a high health risk. In comparison to earlier Hungarian data chromium intake decreased significantly in both sexes (men p = 0.000, women p = 0.008) and the zinc intake of men (9.6 mg/d) decreased below recommended. CONCLUSION Since the consumption of whole grain products with high microelement content in Hungary is very low, it would be favourable to increase the proportion of these foods in the diet. In case of women it is also necessary to increase the consumption of food groups (e.g. meat, fruits) contributing to the iron intake. Furthermore, communication of adequate nutrition, and the availability of healthy foods is essential for the entire population. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(21): 803-810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nagy
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagy-Lőrincz
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Éva Illés
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Eszter Sarkadi Nagy
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Gergő Erdei
- Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
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Erdei G, Kovács VA, Bakacs M, Martos É. [Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey 2014. I. Nutritional status of the Hungarian adult population]. Orv Hetil 2017; 158:533-540. [PMID: 28366082 DOI: 10.1556/650.2017.30700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM The Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey examines the obesity prevalence, dietary habits and, since 2014, physical activity in Hungarian adults in every 5 years. METHOD The survey provides national data representative by age and gender, based on anthropometric measurements and international standards. RESULTS In 2014, nearly two-thirds of adults were overweight or obese. 28.2% of men and 31.5% of women were obese. Prevalence of morbid obesity were 2.6% and 3.3% in men and women, respectively. Abdominal obesity was more prevalent among women than men (55% vs. 38%), and the rate was increasing with age in both genders. In elderly, 55% of men and almost 80% of women were abdominally obese. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity is high in Hungarian adults. In order to tackle obesity, we need to obtain representative and measured data, which form the basis of targeted interventions and the assessment of their impact. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(14), 533-540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Erdei
- Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Viktória Anna Kovács
- Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Főigazgatóság, Országos Gyógyszerészeti és Élelmezés-egészségügyi Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097
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Héricz D, Sarkadi T, Erdei G, Lazuech T, Lenk S, Koppa P. Simulation of small- and wide-angle scattering properties of glass-bead retroreflectors. Appl Opt 2017; 56:3969-3976. [PMID: 29047523 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Retroreflective materials are extensively used as traffic signs and security patterns. These goods are often realized by spherical glass-beads attached to some reflective substrate. New applications, especially 3D projection, require the precise evaluation and design of the characteristics of light backscattered from retroreflective screens. Simulation of such materials is not straightforward due to the different optical processes taking place: direct retroreflection involving small-angle diffraction effects, and multiple scattering resulting in wide-angle diffuse light. We propose a new complex method to describe the backscattering properties of glass-bead retroreflectors that uniquely combines diffraction calculations with ray tracing based on the microscopic properties of the screen. We validated our simulation method by measurements performed on commercial retroreflective samples.
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Lampert M, Anda G, Czopf A, Erdei G, Guszejnov D, Kovácsik Á, Pokol GI, Réfy D, Nam YU, Zoletnik S. Combined hydrogen and lithium beam emission spectroscopy observation system for Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073501. [PMID: 26233377 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel beam emission spectroscopy observation system was designed, built, and installed onto the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research tokamak. The system is designed in a way to be capable of measuring beam emission either from a heating deuterium or from a diagnostic lithium beam. The two beams have somewhat complementary capabilities: edge density profile and turbulence measurement with the lithium beam and two dimensional turbulence measurement with the heating beam. Two detectors can be used in parallel: a CMOS camera provides overview of the scene and lithium beam light intensity distribution at maximum few hundred Hz frame rate, while a 4 × 16 pixel avalanche photo-diode (APD) camera gives 500 kHz bandwidth data from a 4 cm × 16 cm region. The optics use direct imaging through lenses and mirrors from the observation window to the detectors, thus avoid the use of costly and inflexible fiber guides. Remotely controlled mechanisms allow adjustment of the APD camera's measurement location on a shot-to-shot basis, while temperature stabilized filter holders provide selection of either the Doppler shifted deuterium alpha or lithium resonance line. The capabilities of the system are illustrated by measurements of basic plasma turbulence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lampert
- Wigner RCP, Euratom Association-HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Anda
- Wigner RCP, Euratom Association-HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Czopf
- Department of Atomic Physics, BME IOP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Erdei
- Department of Atomic Physics, BME IOP, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - D Réfy
- Wigner RCP, Euratom Association-HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Y U Nam
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S Zoletnik
- Wigner RCP, Euratom Association-HAS, Budapest, Hungary
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Pokol G, Zoletnik S, Dunai D, Marchuk O, Baross T, Erdei G, Grunda G, Kiss I, Kovacsik A, v.Hellermann M, Lischtschenko O, Biel W, Jaspers R, Durkut M. Fluctuation BES measurements with the ITER core CXRS prototype spectrometer. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jaspers RJE, Scheffer M, Kappatou A, van der Valk NCJ, Durkut M, Snijders B, Marchuk O, Biel W, Pokol GI, Erdei G, Zoletnik S, Dunai D. A high etendue spectrometer suitable for core charge eXchange recombination spectroscopy on ITER. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D515. [PMID: 23126857 DOI: 10.1063/1.4732058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A feasibility study for the use of core charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on ITER has shown that accurate measurements on the helium ash require a spectrometer with a high etendue of 1mm(2)sr to comply with the measurement requirements [S. Tugarinov et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 2075 (2003)]. To this purpose such an instrument has been developed consisting of three separate wavelength channels (to measure simultaneously He/Be, C/Ne, and H/D/T together with the Doppler shifted direct emission of the diagnostic neutral beam, the beam emission (BES) signal), combining high dispersion (0.02 nm/pixel), sufficient resolution (0.2 nm), high efficiency (55%), and extended wavelength range (14 nm) at high etendue. The combined measurement of the BES along the same sightline within a third wavelength range provides the possibility for in situ calibration of the charge eXchange recombination spectroscopy signals. In addition, the option is included to use the same instrument for measurements of the fast fluctuations of the beam emission intensity up to 2 MHz, with the aim to study MHD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J E Jaspers
- Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
We propose to model hybrid optical systems (i.e., lenses with conventional and diffractive optical elements) as multiaperture systems in which the images formed by each zone of the diffractive optical element should be summed up coherently. This new zone decomposition concept is explained and compared with the standard diffraction-order expansion with the help of a hybrid triplet example.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sauer
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Théorique et Appliquée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8501-Centre Universitaire, Bâtiment 503, B. P. 147-91403, Orsay Cedex, France.
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