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de Goede J, van der Mark-Reeuwijk KG, Braun KP, le Cessie S, Durston S, Engels RCME, Goudriaan AE, Moons KGM, Vollebergh WAM, de Vries TJ, Wiers RW, Oosterlaan J. Alcohol and Brain Development in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Advisory Report of the Health Council of the Netherlands. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1379-1410. [PMID: 33530096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people, whose brains are still developing, might entail a greater vulnerability to the effects of alcohol consumption on brain function and development. A committee of experts of the Health Council of the Netherlands evaluated the state of scientific knowledge regarding the question whether alcohol negatively influences brain development in young people. A systematic literature search for prospective studies was performed in PubMed and PsychINFO, for longitudinal studies of adolescents or young adults ranging between 12 and 24 y of age at baseline, investigating the relation between alcohol use and outcome measures of brain structure and activity, cognitive functioning, educational achievement, or alcohol use disorder (AUD), with measures at baseline and follow-up of the outcome of interest. Data were extracted from original articles and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 77 studies were included, 31 of which were of sufficient quality in relation to the study objectives. There were indications that the gray matter of the brain develops abnormally in young people who drink alcohol. In addition, the more often young people drink or the younger they start, the higher the risk of developing AUD later in life. The evidence on white matter volume or quality, brain activity, cognitive function, and educational achievement is still limited or unclear. The committee found indications that alcohol consumption can have a negative effect on brain development in adolescents and young adults and entails a risk of later AUD. The committee therefore considers it a wise choice for adolescents and young adults not to drink alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kees P Braun
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Datasciences, section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE-lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies/Clinical Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Arkin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel G M Moons
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Taco J de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Baggio S, Baudat S, Daeppen JB, Gmel G, Heller P, Perroud N, Rothen S, Sporkert F, Studer J, Wolff H, Iglesias K. Screening for alcohol use disorder among individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders: Diagnostic accuracy in a sample of young Swiss men. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106354. [PMID: 32135396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. However, few studies investigated the psychometric properties of AUD screening tools in presence of co-occurring disorders. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of a short AUD screening tool among young adults, in the presence of high vs. low or moderate symptomatology of other common psychiatric disorders. Data were collected among young Swiss men (n = 233) between 2016 and 2018. Measures included a diagnostic interview for AUD and screening tools for AUD and other psychiatric disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, and social anxiety disorder). We computed receiver operating characteristic curves to test whether the AUD screening tool was an accurate indicator of AUD for groups with high vs. low or moderate symptomatology of each psychiatric disorder. The results showed that the optimal cut-off score was ≥3 (the original cut-off of the scale) for participants with a low or moderate symptomatology and ≥4 for participants with a high symptomatology. Our findings highlighted the urgent need for an integrated approach to screening. Psychiatric comorbidities should be included in the screen for AUD to obtain accurate results.
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Baggio S, Trächsel B, Rousson V, Rothen S, Studer J, Marmet S, Heller P, Sporkert F, Daeppen JB, Gmel G, Iglesias K. Identifying an accurate self-reported screening tool for alcohol use disorder: evidence from a Swiss, male population-based assessment. Addiction 2020; 115:426-436. [PMID: 31656049 DOI: 10.1111/add.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Short screenings for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are crucial for public health purposes, but current self-reported measures have several pitfalls and may be unreliable. The main aim of our study was to provide empirical evidence on the psychometric performance of self-reports currently used. Our research questions were: compared with a gold standard clinical interview, how accurate are (1) self-reported AUD, (2) self-reported alcohol use over time and (3) biomarkers of alcohol use among Swiss men? Finally, we aimed to identify an alternative screening tool. DESIGN A single-center study with a cross-sectional design and a stratified sample selection. SETTING Lausanne University Hospital (Switzerland) from October 2017 to June 2018. PARTICIPANTS We selected participants from the French-speaking participants of the ongoing Cohort Study on Substance Use and Risk Factors (n = 233). The sample included young men aged on average 27.0 years. MEASUREMENTS We used the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies as the gold standard for DSM-5 AUD. The self-reported measures included 11 criteria for AUD, nine alcohol-related consequences, and previous 12 months' alcohol use. We also assessed biomarkers of chronic excessive drinking (ethyl glucuronide and phosphatidylethanol). FINDINGS None of the self-reported measures/biomarkers taken alone displayed both sensitivity and specificity close to 100% with respect to the gold standard (e.g. self-reported AUD: sensitivity = 92.3%, specificity = 45.8%). The best model combined eight self-reported criteria of AUD and four alcohol-related consequences. Using a cut-off of three, this screening tool yielded acceptable sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (78.7%). CONCLUSIONS Neither self-reported alcohol use disorder nor heavy alcohol use appear to be adequate to screen for alcohol use disorder among young men from the Swiss population. The best screening alternative for alcohol use disorder among young Swiss men appears to be a combination of eight symptoms of alcohol use disorder and four alcohol-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Trächsel
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Rousson
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Rothen
- Addiction Division, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Studer
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Marmet
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Heller
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland.,Adult Psychiatry Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - Frank Sporkert
- Centre of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, Lausanne and Geneva Universities, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Bernard Daeppen
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto,, ON, Canada.,University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Katia Iglesias
- School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Lau JTF, Walden DL, Wu AMS, Cheng KM, Lau MCM, Mo PKH. Bidirectional predictions between Internet addiction and probable depression among Chinese adolescents. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:633-643. [PMID: 30264608 PMCID: PMC6426401 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of the study is to investigate (a) whether probable depression status assessed at baseline prospectively predicted new incidence of Internet addiction (IA) at the 12-month follow-up and (b) whether IA status assessed at baseline prospectively predicted new incidence of probable depression at follow-up. METHODS We conducted a 12-month cohort study (n = 8,286) among Hong Kong secondary students, and derived two subsamples. The first subsample (n = 6,954) included students who were non-IA at baseline, using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (≤63), and another included non-depressed cases at baseline (n = 3,589), using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (<16). RESULTS In the first subsample, 11.5% of the non-IA cases developed IA during follow-up, and probable depression status at baseline significantly predicted new incidence of IA [severe depression: adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.07, 3.01; moderate: ORa = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.45, 2.28; mild: ORa = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.05; reference: non-depressed], after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. In the second subsample, 38.9% of those non-depressed participants developed probable depression during follow-up. Adjusted analysis showed that baseline IA status also significantly predicted new incidence of probable depression (ORa = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.09). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of probable depression is a concern that warrants interventions, as depression has lasting harmful effects in adolescents. Baseline probable depression predicted IA at follow-up and vice versa, among those who were free from IA/probable depression at baseline. Healthcare workers, teachers, and parents need to be made aware of this bidirectional finding. Interventions, both IA and depression prevention, should thus take both problems into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. F. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,School of Public Health, Zhengjiang University, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding author: Joseph T. F. Lau; Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 5/F, Hong Kong, China; Phone: +852 2637 6606; Fax: +852 2645 3098; E-mail:
| | - Danielle L. Walden
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Kit-man Cheng
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mason C. M. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phoenix K. H. Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang K, Liu Y, Ouedraogo Y, Wang N, Xie X, Xu C, Luo X. Principal component analysis of early alcohol, drug and tobacco use with major depressive disorder in US adults. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 100:113-120. [PMID: 29518578 PMCID: PMC6329582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early alcohol, tobacco and drug use prior to 18 years old are comorbid and correlated. This study included 6239 adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the past year and 72,010 controls from the combined data of 2013 and 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). To deal with multicollinearity existing among 17 variables related to early alcohol, tobacco and drug use prior to 18 years old, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to infer PC scores and then use weighted multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the associations of potential factors and PC scores with MDD. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The overall prevalence of MDD was 6.7%. The first four PCs could explain 57% of the total variance. Weighted multiple logistic regression showed that PC1 (a measure of psychotherapeutic drugs and illicit drugs other than marijuana use), PC2 (a measure of cocaine and hallucinogens), PC3 (a measure of early alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana use), and PC4 (a measure of cigar, smokeless tobacco use and illicit drugs use) revealed significant associations with MDD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.16, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.12, OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07-1.18, and OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09-1.21, respectively). In conclusion, PCA can be used to reduce the indicators in complex survey data. Early alcohol, tobacco and drug use prior to 18 years old were found to be associated with increased odds of adult MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Youssoufou Ouedraogo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Nianyang Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Karpov B, Joffe G, Aaltonen K, Suvisaari J, Baryshnikov I, Koivisto M, Melartin T, Suominen K, Näätänen P, Heikkinen M, Oksanen J, Isometsä E. Psychoactive substance use in specialized psychiatric care patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 2017; 52:399-415. [PMID: 29179661 DOI: 10.1177/0091217417738937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Life expectancy of psychiatric patients is markedly shorter compared to the general population, likely partly due to smoking or misuse of other substances. We investigated prevalence and correlates of substance use among psychiatric patients. Methods Within the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium Study, data were collected on substance use (alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs) among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 113), bipolar (n = 99), or depressive disorder (n = 188). Clinical diagnoses of substance use were recorded, and information on smoking, hazardous alcohol use, or misuse of other substances was obtained using questionnaires. Results One-fourth (27.7%) of the patients had clinical diagnoses of substance use disorders. In addition, in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, 43.1% had hazardous alcohol use and 38.4% were daily smokers. All substance use was more common in men than in women. Bipolar patients had the highest prevalence of alcohol use disorders and hazardous use, whereas those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were more often daily smokers. In regression analyses, self-reported alcohol consumption was associated with symptoms of anxiety and borderline personality disorder and low conscientiousness. No associations emerged for smoking. Conclusions The vast majority of psychiatric care patients have a diagnosed substance use disorder, hazardous alcohol use, or smoke daily, males more often than females. Bipolar patients have the highest rates of alcohol misuse, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients of smoking. Alcohol use may associate with symptoms of anxiety, borderline personality disorder, and low conscientiousness. Preventive and treatment efforts specifically targeted at harmful substance use among psychiatric patients are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Karpov
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Grigori Joffe
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Aaltonen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- 2 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, 3837 Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Baryshnikov
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maaria Koivisto
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Melartin
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Suominen
- 3 Department of Social Services and Health Care, 3834 Helsingin Kaupunki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Näätänen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Heikkinen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Oksanen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, 3837 Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, 159841 HYKS sairaanhoitopiiri , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, 3837 Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Yu S, Yang H, Guo X, Zheng L, Sun Y. Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060542. [PMID: 27240394 PMCID: PMC4923999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent economic development in China has resulted in large increases in psychogenic and metabolic diseases. However, few studies have focused on the mental status of rural residents with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with diabetes to establish the association between depressive symptoms and socio-demographic and clinical factors. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1187 patients with diabetes aged ≥35 years from rural Northeast China. Metabolic and anthropometric indicators were measured according to standard methods. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Five hundred and twenty-six residents (44.3%) of the total sample were male and 931 (78.4%) were <65 years old. One hundred and eight residents (8.76%) score ≥10 on the PHQ-9 scale. A statistically significant relationship was found between depressive symptoms and female gender, older age (≥65 years), high school or above education level, moderate physical activity, high family income, multiple additional illnesses, current alcohol consumption, and 7-8 h/d sleep duration. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.984, p = 0.028], high family income (OR = 0.483 for 5000-20,000 CNY/year, p = 0.011; OR = 0.356 for >2000 CNY/year, p = 0.003), 7-8 h/d sleep duration (OR = 0.453, p = 0.020), and having multiple additional illness (OR = 3.080, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in our study was high. Female gender and multiple illnesses were risk factors for depression, while long sleep duration and high family income seem to protect against depression among rural residents with diabetes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
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8
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Baggio S, Dupuis M, Studer J, Spilka S, Daeppen JB, Simon O, Berchtold A, Gmel G. Reframing video gaming and internet use addiction: empirical cross-national comparison of heavy use over time and addiction scales among young users. Addiction 2016; 111:513-22. [PMID: 26449796 DOI: 10.1111/add.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence-based and reliable measures of addictive disorders are needed in general population-based assessments. One study suggested that heavy use over time (UOT) should be used instead of self-reported addiction scales (AS). This study compared UOT and AS regarding video gaming and internet use empirically, using associations with comorbid factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the 2011 French Survey on Health and Consumption on Call-up and Preparation for Defence-Day (ESCAPAD), cross-sectional data from the 2012 Swiss ado@internet.ch study and two waves of longitudinal data (2010-13) of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). SETTING Three representative samples from the general population of French and Swiss adolescents and young Swiss men, aged approximately 17, 14 and 20 years, respectively. PARTICIPANTS ESCAPAD: n =22 945 (47.4% men); ado@internet.ch: n =3049 (50% men); C-SURF: n =4813 (baseline + follow-up, 100% men). MEASUREMENTS We assessed video gaming/internet UOT ESCAPAD and ado@internet.ch: number of hours spent online per week, C-SURF: latent score of time spent gaming/using internet] and AS (ESCAPAD: Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, ado@internet.ch: Internet Addiction Test, C-SURF: Gaming AS). Comorbidities were assessed with health outcomes (ESCAPAD: physical health evaluation with a single item, suicidal thoughts, and appointment with a psychiatrist; ado@internet.ch: WHO-5 and somatic health problems; C-SURF: Short Form 12 (SF-12 Health Survey) and Major Depression Inventory (MDI). FINDINGS UOT and AS were correlated moderately (ESCAPAD: r = 0.40, ado@internet.ch: r = 0.53 and C-SURF: r = 0.51). Associations of AS with comorbidity factors were higher than those of UOT in cross-sectional (AS: .005 ≤ |b| ≤ 2.500, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 1.000) and longitudinal analyses (AS: 0.093 ≤ |b| ≤ 1.079, UOT: 0.020 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.329). The results were similar across gender in ESCAPAD and ado@internet.ch (men: AS: 0.006 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.211, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.061; women: AS: 0.004 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.155, UOT: 0.001 ≤ |b| ≤ 0.094). CONCLUSIONS The measurement of heavy use over time captures part of addictive video gaming/internet use without overlapping to a large extent with the results of measuring by self-reported addiction scales (AS). Measuring addictive video gaming/internet use via self-reported addiction scales relates more strongly to comorbidity factors than heavy use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Baggio
- Institute for Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Dupuis
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Studer
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stanislas Spilka
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Saint-Denis La Plaine, France
| | | | - Olivier Simon
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Community Psychiatry Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Berchtold
- Institute for Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Groupe de recherché sur la santé des adolescents, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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