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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. Greenery planning for urban air pollution control based on biomonitoring potential: Explicit emphasis on foliar accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120524. [PMID: 38461639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, efficiencies of eight indigenous plants of Baishnabghata Patuli Township (BPT), southeast Kolkata, India, were explored as green barrier species and potentials of plant leaves were exploited for biomonitoring of particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present work focused on studying PM capturing abilities (539.32-2766.27 μg cm-2) of plants (T. divaricata, N. oleander and B. acuminata being the most efficient species in retaining PM) along with the estimation of foliar contents of PM adhered to leaf surfaces (total sPM (large + coarse): 526.59-2731.76 μg cm-2) and embedded within waxes (total wPM (large + coarse): 8.73-34.51 μg cm-2). SEM imaging used to analyse leaf surfaces affirmed the presence of innate corrugated microstructures as main drivers for particle capture. Accumulation capacities of PAHs of vehicular origin (total index, TI > 4) were compared among the species based on measured concentrations (159.92-393.01 μg g-1) which indicated T. divaricata, P. alba and N. cadamba as highest PAHs accumulators. Specific leaf area (SLA) of plants (71.01-376.79 cm2 g-1), a measure of canopy-atmosphere interface, had great relevance in PAHs diffusion. Relative contribution (>90%) of 4-6 ring PAHs to total carcinogenic equivalent and potential as well as 5-6 ring PAHs to total mutagenic equivalent and potential had also been viewed with respect to benzo[a]pyrene. In-depth analysis of foliar traits and adoption of plant-based ranking strategies (air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API)) provided a rationale for green belting. Each of the naturally selected plant species showed evidences of adaptations during abiotic stress to maximize survival and filtering effects for reductive elimination of ambient PM and PAHs, allowing holistic management of green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Virk G, Dhillon KK, Lee JM. Diffusional and Biochemical Limitations to Photosynthesis Under Water Deficit for Field-Grown Cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14281. [PMID: 38606698 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Water deficit stress limits net photosynthetic rate (AN), but the relative sensitivities of underlying processes such as thylakoid reactions, ATP production, carbon fixation reactions, and carbon loss processes to water deficit stress in field-grown upland cotton require further exploration. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess (1) the diffusional and biochemical mechanisms associated with water deficit-induced declines in AN and (2) associations between water deficit-induced variation in oxidative stress and energy dissipation for field-grown cotton. Water deficit stress was imposed for three weeks during the peak bloom stage of cotton development, causing significant reductions in leaf water potential and AN. Among diffusional limitations, mesophyll conductance was the major contributor to the AN decline. Several biochemical processes were adversely impacted by water deficit. Among these, electron transport rate and RuBP regeneration were most sensitive to AN-limiting water deficit. Carbon loss processes (photorespiration and dark respiration) were less sensitive than carbon assimilation, contributing to the water deficit-induced declines in AN. Increased energy dissipation via non-photochemical quenching or maintenance of electron flux to photorespiration prevented oxidative stress. Declines in AN were not associated with water deficit-induced variation in ATP production. It was concluded that diffusional limitations followed by biochemical limitations (ETR and RuBP regeneration) contributed to declines in AN, carbon loss processes partially contributed to the decline in AN, and increased energy dissipation prevented oxidative stress under water deficit in field-grown cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Lee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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Ye J, Yang J, Zheng R, Yu J, Jiang X, Li S, Jiang M. Physiological response and tolerance of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to low temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:269-285. [PMID: 38623159 PMCID: PMC11016044 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The plant Sesuvium portulacastrum L., commonly referred to as sea purslane, is a perennial halophytic species with significant potential for development in marine ecological restoration. However, its growth is limited in high-latitude regions with lower temperatures due to its subtropical nature. Furthermore, literature on its cold tolerance is scarce. This study, therefore, focused on sea purslane plants naturally overwintering in Ningbo (29°77'N), investigating their morphological, histological, rooting, and physiological responses to low temperatures (7 °C, 11 °C, 15 °C, and 19 °C). The findings indicated an escalation in cold damage severity with decreasing temperatures. At 7 °C, the plants failed to root and subsequently perished. In contrast, at 11 °C, root systems developed, while at 15 °C and 19 °C, the plants exhibited robust growth, outperforming the 11 °C group in terms of leaf number and root length significantly (P < 0.05). Histological analyses showed a marked reduction in leaf thickness under cold stress (P < 0.05), with disorganized leaf structure observed in the 7 °C group, whereas it remained stable at higher temperatures. No root primordia were evident in the vascular cambium of the 7 and 11 °C groups, in contrast to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Total chlorophyll content decreased with temperature, following the order: 19 °C > 15 °C > 11 °C > 7 °C. Notably, ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in the 7 and 11 °C groups than in the 15 and 19 °C groups. Additionally, the proline concentration in the 7 °C group was approximately fourfold higher than in the 19 °C group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase-were significantly elevated in the 7 and 11 °C groups compared to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content in the 7 °C group (36.63 ± 1.75 nmol/g) was significantly higher, about 5.5 and 9.6 times, compared to the 15 °C and 19 °C groups, respectively. In summary, 7 °C is a critical threshold for sea purslane stem segments; below this temperature, cellular homeostasis is disrupted, leading to an excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and subsequent death due to an inability to neutralize excess reactive oxygen species. At 11 °C, although photosynthesis is impaired, self-protective mechanisms such as enhanced antioxidative systems and osmoregulation are activated. However, root development is compromised, resulting in stunted growth. These results contribute to expanding the geographic distribution of sea purslane and provide a theoretical basis for its ecological restoration in high-latitude mariculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Rou Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiangshan Laifa Aquaculture Hatchery Facility, Ningbo, 315704 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Sanhueza T, Hernández I, Sagredo-Sáez C, Villanueva-Guerrero A, Alvarado R, Mujica MI, Fuentes-Quiroz A, Menendez E, Jorquera-Fontena E, Valadares RBDS, Herrera H. Juvenile Plant-Microbe Interactions Modulate the Adaptation and Response of Forest Seedlings to Rapid Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:175. [PMID: 38256729 PMCID: PMC10819047 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The negative impacts of climate change on native forest ecosystems have created challenging conditions for the sustainability of natural forest regeneration. These challenges arise primarily from abiotic stresses that affect the early stages of forest tree development. While there is extensive evidence on the diversity of juvenile microbial symbioses in agricultural and fruit crops, there is a notable lack of reports on native forest plants. This review aims to summarize the critical studies conducted on the diversity of juvenile plant-microbe interactions in forest plants and to highlight the main benefits of beneficial microorganisms in overcoming environmental stresses such as drought, high and low temperatures, metal(loid) toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and salinity. The reviewed studies have consistently demonstrated the positive effects of juvenile plant-microbiota interactions and have highlighted the potential beneficial attributes to improve plantlet development. In addition, this review discusses the beneficial attributes of managing juvenile plant-microbiota symbiosis in the context of native forest restoration, including its impact on plant responses to phytopathogens, promotion of nutrient uptake, facilitation of seedling adaptation, resource exchange through shared hyphal networks, stimulation of native soil microbial communities, and modulation of gene and protein expression to enhance adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedy Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Ionel Hernández
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Carretera a Tapaste Km 3 y ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba;
| | - Cristiane Sagredo-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Angela Villanueva-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Roxana Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Maria Isabel Mujica
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Fuentes-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Esther Menendez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco P.O. Box 15-D, Chile;
| | | | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas y Bosques, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Wang J, Renninger HJ, Ma Q. Labeled temperate hardwood tree stomatal image datasets from seven taxa of Populus and 17 hardwood species. Sci Data 2024; 11:1. [PMID: 38168111 PMCID: PMC10762138 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown potential in automatically detecting and measuring stomata. However, ML algorithms require substantial data to efficiently train and optimize models, but their potential is restricted by the limited availability and quality of stomatal images. To overcome this obstacle, we have compiled a collection of around 11,000 unique images of temperate broadleaf angiosperm tree leaf stomata from various projects conducted between 2015 and 2022. The dataset includes over 7,000 images of 17 commonly encountered hardwood species, such as oak, maple, ash, elm, and hickory, and over 3,000 images of 55 genotypes from seven Populus taxa. Inner_guard_cell_walls and whole_stomata (stomatal aperture and guard cells) were labeled and had a corresponding YOLO label file that can be converted into other annotation formats. With the use of our dataset, users can (1) employ state-of-the-art machine learning models to identify, count, and quantify leaf stomata; (2) explore the diverse range of stomatal characteristics across different types of hardwood trees; and (3) develop new indices for measuring stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, USA
| | - Heidi J Renninger
- Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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Bellasio C, Stuart-Williams H, Farquhar GD, Flexas J. C 4 maize and sorghum are more sensitive to rapid dehydration than C 3 wheat and sunflower. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2239-2252. [PMID: 37814525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The high productive potential, heat resilience, and greater water use efficiency of C4 over C3 plants attract considerable interest in the face of global warming and increasing population, but C4 plants are often sensitive to dehydration, questioning the feasibility of their wider adoption. To resolve the primary effect of dehydration from slower from secondary leaf responses originating within leaves to combat stress, we conducted an innovative dehydration experiment. Four crops grown in hydroponics were forced to a rapid yet controlled decrease in leaf water potential by progressively raising roots of out of the solution while measuring leaf gas exchange. We show that, under rapid dehydration, assimilation decreased more steeply in C4 maize and sorghum than in C3 wheat and sunflower. This reduction was due to a rise of nonstomatal limitation at triple the rate in maize and sorghum than in wheat and sunflower. Rapid reductions in assimilation were previously measured in numerous C4 species across both laboratory and natural conditions. Hence, we deduce that high sensitivity to rapid dehydration might stem from the disturbance of an intrinsic aspect of C4 bicellular photosynthesis. We posit that an obstruction to metabolite transport between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells could be the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Crop Ecophysiology, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Biology of Plants Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Biology of Plants Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
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Li Q, Guan C, Zhao Y, Duan X, Yang Z, Zhu J. Salicylic acid alleviates Zn-induced inhibition of growth via enhancing antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism in alfalfa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115500. [PMID: 37757624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is considered as one of the heavy metal pollutants in soil affecting agriculture. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that can mitigate effects against various abiotic stresses in plants, however, its exploration to improve Zn stress tolerance in alfalfa plants is still elusive. Thus, in the present study, exogenous SA treatment was conducted on alfalfa plants under Zn stress. The effects of exogenous SA on the physiological effects of alfalfa plants and the expression levels related genes were studied. This study tested the biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic capacity, proline and soluble sugar contents, detected the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), glutathione biosynthesis, and endogenous SA levels, and quantified the genes associated with the antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism-mediated Zn stress. The results showed that exogenous SA could elevate the physiological adaptability of alfalfa plants through enhancing photosynthesis, proline and soluble sugar levels, stimulating antioxidant system and glutathione metabolism, and inducing the transcription level of related genes, thereby diminishing oxidative stress, inhibiting excessive Zn accumulation of alfalfa plants, increasing tolerance to Zn stress, and reducing the toxicity of Zn. Collectively, the application of SA alleviates Zn toxicity in alfalfa plants. The findings gave first insights into the regulatory mechanism of the Zn stress tolerance of alfalfa by exogenous SA and this might have positive implications for managing other plants which are suffering Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Pilon C, Bag S, Jespersen D, Virk G, Dhillon KK. Differential sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes govern oxidative stress levels and net assimilation rates in virus-infected cotton. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:41-56. [PMID: 37470938 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leafroll dwarf virus disease (CLRDD) is a yield-limiting threat to cotton production and can substantially limit net photosynthetic rates (AN). Previous research showed that AN was more sensitive to CLRDD-induced reductions in stomatal conductance than electron transport rate (ETR) through photosystem II (PSII). This observation coupled with leaf reddening symptomology led to the hypothesis that differential sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes to CLRDD would contribute to declines in AN and increases in oxidative stress, stimulating anthocyanin production. Thus, an experiment was conducted to define the relative sensitivity of photosynthetic component processes to CLRDD and to quantify oxidative stress and anthocyanin production in field-grown cotton. Among diffusional limitations to AN, reductions in mesophyll conductance and CO2 concentration in the chloroplast were the greatest constraints to AN under CLRDD. Multiple metabolic processes were also adversely impacted by CLRDD. ETR, RuBP regeneration, and carboxylation were important metabolic (non-diffusional) limitations to AN in symptomatic plants. Photorespiration and dark respiration were less sensitive than photosynthetic processes, contributing to declines in AN in symptomatic plants. Among thylakoid processes, reduction of PSI end electron acceptors was the most sensitive to CLRDD. Oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 production and membrane peroxidation) and anthocyanin contents were substantially higher in symptomatic plants, concomitant with reductions in carotenoid content and no change in energy dissipation by PSII. We conclude that differential sensitivities of photosynthetic processes to CLRDD and limited potential for energy dissipation at PSII increases oxidative stress, stimulating anthocyanin production as an antioxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Cristiane Pilon
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - David Jespersen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Dhillon
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
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9
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Darko E, Gondor KO, Kovács V, Janda T. Changes in the light environment: Short-term responses of photosynthesis and metabolism in spinach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13996. [PMID: 37882272 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Modification in the light environment can induce several changes even within a short time. In this article, light intensity and spectrum-dependent changes in photosynthetic and metabolic processes were investigated in spinach leaves. Short-term exposure of the youngest fully developed leaves provided an elevated CO2 assimilation capacity under red light compared with blue or white light, although the electron transport rate was lower. The stomatal opening was mainly stimulated by blue light. These spectrum-induced changes also depended on light intensity. When white light was used to activate the photosynthesis, the white light showed a similar light response to blue light regarding the electron transport processes and red light in terms of stomatal opening. In contrast, concerning CO2 assimilation characteristics, the white light resembled blue light at low and red light at high light intensities. These results indicate that the photosynthetic processes strongly interact with the light intensity and spectral composition. Furthermore, changes in spectral composition modified the primary metabolic processes as well. Red light induced the sugar accumulation, while more organic acids that belong to the respiration pathway were produced under blue and white lights. These changes occurred even within a short (30 min) time frame. These results also draw attention to the importance of the light environment used during the measurements of the photosynthetic activity of plants and/or sample collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kinga O Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kovács
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
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Vennam RR, Poudel S, Ramamoorthy P, Samiappan S, Reddy KR, Bheemanahalli R. Impact of soil moisture stress during the silk emergence and grain-filling in maize. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14029. [PMID: 37882307 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal soil moisture during the growing season often limits maize growth and yield. However, the growth stage-specific responses of maize to soil moisture regimes have not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the response of maize to five different soil moisture regimes, that are, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.05 m3 m-3 volumetric water content (VWC), during flowering and grain-filling stages. Sub-optimal soil moisture at the flowering and grain-filling stages reduced ear leaf stomatal conductance by 73 and 64%, respectively. An increase in stress severity caused significant reductions in ear leaf chlorophyll content and greenness-associated vegetation indices across growth stages. Fourteen days of soil moisture stress during flowering delayed silk emergence, reduced silk length (19%), and silk fresh weight (34%). Furthermore, sub-optimal soil moisture caused a significant reduction in both kernel number (53%) and weight (54%). Soil moisture stress at the flowering had a direct impact on kernel number and an indirect effect on kernel weight. During grain-filling, disruption of ear leaf physiology resulted in a 34% decrease in kernel weight and a 43% decrease in kernel number. Unlike grain-filling, treatments at the flowering significantly reduced kernel starch (3%) and increased protein by 29%. These findings suggest that developing reproductive stage stress-tolerant hybrids with improved resilience to soil moisture stress could help reduce the yield gap between irrigated and rainfed maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadheer Reddy Vennam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sadikshya Poudel
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Sathishkumar Samiappan
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - K Raja Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Singh AK, Kumar M, Bauddh K, Singh A, Singh P, Madhav S, Shukla SK. Environmental impacts of air pollution and its abatement by plant species: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79587-79616. [PMID: 37322401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the major global environmental issues urgently needed attention for its control through sustainable approaches. The release of air pollutants from various anthropogenic and natural processes imposes serious threats to the environment and human health. The green belt development using air pollution-tolerant plant species has become popular approach for air pollution remediation. Plants' biochemical and physiological attributes, especially relative water content, pH, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll content, are taken into account for assessing air pollution tolerance index (APTI). In contrast, anticipated performance index (API) is assessed based on socio-economic characteristics including "canopy structure, type, habit, laminar structure, economic value and APTI score" of plant species. Based on previous work, plants with high dust-capturing capacity are identified in Ficus benghalensis L. (0.95 to 7.58 mg/cm2), and highest overall PM accumulation capacity was observed in Ulmus pumila L. (PM10 = 72 µg/cm2 and PM2.5 = 70 µg/cm2) in the study from different regions. According to APTI, the plant species such as M. indica (11 to 29), Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (6 to 24), and F. benghalensis (17 to 26) have been widely reported as high air pollution-tolerant species and good to best performer in terms of API at different study sites. Statistically, previous studies show that ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.90) has good correlation with APTI among all the parameters. The plant species with high pollution tolerance capacity can be recommended for future plantation and green belt development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Ajai Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India, 110065
| | - Sughosh Madhav
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India, 110025
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222.
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Jahan MS, Zhao CJ, Shi LB, Liang XR, Jabborova D, Nasar J, Zhou XB. Physiological mechanism of melatonin attenuating to osmotic stress tolerance in soybean seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193666. [PMID: 37575931 PMCID: PMC10413876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most significant abiotic stress threatening to crop production worldwide. Soybean is a major legume crop with immense economic significance, but its production is highly dependent on optimum rainfall or abundant irrigation. As the global climate changes, it is more important to find solutions to make plants more resilient to drought. The prime aimed of the study is to investigate the effect of melatonin on drought tolerance in soybean and its potential mechanisms. Soybean seedlings were treated with 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and subjected to osmotic stress (14 days) with or without 100 μM melatonin treatment. Our results revealed that melatonin supplementation significantly mitigated PEG-induced growth retardation and increased water absorption ability. Foliar application of melatonin also increased gas exchange and the chlorophyll fluorescence attributes by the mitigation of the osmotic-induced reduction of the reaction activity of photosystems I and II, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), electron transport activity, and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, PEG-induced elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly reversed by melatonin treatment. Equally important, melatonin boosted the antioxidant activities of soybean plants. Moreover, osmotic stress substantially increased abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in roots and leaves, while melatonin-received plant leaves accumulated less ABA but roots content higher ABA. Similarly, melatonin significantly suppressed ABA biosynthesis and signaling gene expression in soybean exposed to drought stress. Furthermore, osmotic stress significantly suppressed plasmalemma (GmPIPs) and tonoplast aquaporin (GmTIPs) genes expression, and their transcript abundance was up-regulated by melatonin co-addition. Taken together, our results indicated that melatonin potentially improves drought tolerance of soybean through the regulation of ABA and aquaporin gene expression, increasing photosynthetic efficiency as well as enhancing water uptake efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chang Jiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Li Bo Shi
- MAP Division (Shandong) of Sinochem Agriculture Holdings, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu Ren Liang
- Guangxi Ecoengineering Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dilfuza Jabborova
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
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Dhakar R, Nagar S, Sehgal VK, Jha PK, Singh MP, Chakraborty D, Mukherjee J, Prasad PV. Balancing water and radiation productivity suggests a clue for improving yields in wheat under combined water deficit and terminal heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171479. [PMID: 37260936 PMCID: PMC10228752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining crop yield under abiotic stresses with optimized resource use is a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Water and heat stress are major abiotic stresses impacting crop growth and yield by influencing complex physiological and biochemical processes during the life cycle of crops. In a 2-year (2015-2017) research, spring wheat cv. HD-2967 was grown under deficit irrigation and delayed sowing conditions to impose water and terminal heat stresses, respectively. The data were analyzed for seasonal crop water use, radiation interception, water productivity (WP), and radiation productivity (RP) under combined water deficit and terminal heat stresses. Seasonal crop water use was significantly affected by stresses in the order of water + terminal heat > water > terminal heat. Water stress showed minimal effect on the light extinction coefficient and consequently on seasonal intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR). However, seasonal IPAR was primarily affected by combined water + terminal heat and terminal heat stress alone. The slope of crop water use and IPAR, i.e., canopy conductance, an indicator of canopy stomatal conductance, was more influenced by water stress than by terminal heat stress. Results showed that linear proportionality between WP and RP is no longer valid under stress conditions, as it follows a curvilinear relation. This is further supported by the fact that independent productivity (either water or radiation) lacked the ability to explain variability in the final economic yield or biomass of wheat. However, the ratio of RP to WP explained the variability in wheat yield/biomass under individual or combined stresses. This suggests a clue for improving higher wheat yield under stress by managing WP and RP. The highest biomass or yield is realized when the ratio of RP to WP approaches unity. Screening of genotypes for traits leading to a higher ratio of RP to WP provides an opportunity for improving wheat productivity under stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Dhakar
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Nagar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Sehgal
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Jha
- Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasish Chakraborty
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Li M, Wang H, Zhao X, Feng W, Ding G, Quan W. Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on the Drought Resistance of Pinus massoniana Seedlings. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040471. [PMID: 37108925 PMCID: PMC10146878 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of plant responses to drought stress. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) on the content and distribution of NSCs in Pinus massoniana seedlings under different drought intensities and to further explore the possible mechanism by which ECMF enhances the stress resistance of host plants. We conducted a pot experiment using P. massoniana seedlings that were inoculated (M) or non-inoculated (NM) with Suillus luteus (Sl) under well-watered, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. The results showed that drought significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity of P. massoniana seedlings and inhibited their growth rate. P. massoniana could respond to different degrees of drought stress by increasing the accumulation of NSCs and increasing WUE. However, compared with well-watered treatment, NSCs consumption began to appear in the roots of NM due to the decrease in starch content under severe drought, whereas NSCs content in M seedlings was higher than that in the well-watered treatment, showing that the ability to maintain C balance was higher in M seedlings. Compared with NM, inoculation with Sl increased the growth rate and biomass of roots, stems, and leaves under moderate and severe drought. In addition, Sl can also improve the gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance) of P. massoniana seedlings compared with NM seedlings, which was conducive to the hydraulic regulation of seedlings and improved their C fixation capacity. Meanwhile, the content of NSCs in M seedlings was higher. Moreover, the soluble sugar content and SS/St ratio of leaves, roots, and whole plants were higher under drought stress after Sl inoculation, indicating that Sl could also change the C distribution mode, regulate more soluble sugar to respond to drought stress, which was conducive to improving the osmotic adjustment ability of seedlings, and providing more available C sources for plant growth and defense. Overall, inoculation with Sl could enhance the drought resistance of seedlings and promote their growth under drought stress by improving NSCs storage, increasing soluble sugar distribution, and improving the plant water balance of P. massoniana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xizhou Zhao
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wanyan Feng
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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Barratt GE, Murchie EH, Sparkes DL. Water use efficiency responses to fluctuating soil water availability in contrasting commercial sugar beet varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119321. [PMID: 36968376 PMCID: PMC10034331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many areas of sugar beet production will face hotter and drier summers as the climate changes. There has been much research on drought tolerance in sugar beet but water use efficiency (WUE) has been less of a focus. An experiment was undertaken to examine how fluctuating soil water deficits effect WUE from the leaf to the crop level and identify if sugar beet acclimates to water deficits to increase WUE in the longer term. Two commercial sugar beet varieties with contrasting upright and prostrate canopies were examined to identify if WUE differs due to contrasting canopy architecture. The sugar beet were grown under four different irrigation regimes (fully irrigated, single drought, double drought and continually water limited) in large 610 L soil boxes in an open ended polytunnel. Measurements of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content (RWC) were regularly undertaken and stomatal density, sugar and biomass yields and the associated WUE, SLW and Δ13C were assessed. The results showed that water deficits generally increase intrinsic (WUEi) and dry matter (WUEDM) water use efficiency but reduce yield. Sugar beet recovered fully after severe water deficits, as assessed by leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, except for reducing canopy size, showed no other acclimation to drought, and therefore no changes in WUE or drought avoidance. Spot measurements of WUEi, showed no differences between the two varieties but the prostrate variety showed lower Δ13C values, and traits associated with more water conservative phenotypes of a lower stomatal density and greater leaf RWC. Leaf chlorophyll content was affected by water deficit but the relationship with WUE was unclear. The difference in Δ13C values between the two varieties suggests traits associated with greater WUEi may be linked to canopy architecture.
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Bu F, Guo Y, Qi W. Effects of different soil types on gas exhange parameters and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica "Ulanshalin" plants. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15264. [PMID: 37128205 PMCID: PMC10148636 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the growth and production potential of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica "Ulanshalin," a pioneer species of soil and water conservation, after being planted in the Yellow River Basin area with serious soil erosion. An analysis of the differences in photosynthesis and fruit yield of H. rhamnoides plants grown in two typical soils in the watershed is key to understanding whether local conditions are suitable for the growth and yield of H. rhamnoides, as well as the impact of the plants on soil and water conservation. Methods During the growing season, diurnal changes in the gas exchange parameters of Hippophae rhamnoides-like plants growing in Loess soil and Aeolian soil were continuously monitored, and the effects of total nitrogen (TN) and other elements on the net photosynthetic rate (P N) of the plants were analyzed and compared in the two different soil types. The morphological and quality differences of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits were also compared after reaching the ripening stage. Results (1) There was a significant difference in the composition of Loess soil and of Aeolian soil. The organic matter content and AK content of the Loess soil was significantly higher than in the Aeolian soil, and the pH was closer to neutral. However, the TK content, TP content, and AP content of the Aeolian soil were slightly higher than in the Loess soil, the pH was higher, and it was alkaline. (2) After controlling the light and temperature, with all other external factors consistent, the daily variation trend of P N, T r, and G s in the leaves of H. rhamnoides plants growing in the two different soils were basically the same. There were differences, however, in when these factors reached their peaks. Soil composition had an impact on the photosynthetic characteristics of H. rhamnoides, with TN, TP, AP, and SOM being the main factors promoting the photosynthetic rate of H. rhamnoides P N. The peaks of P N, T r, and G s of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil were higher than those growing in Loess soil. (3) The average stem length of H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil was higher than the plants growing in Loess soil. The number of thorns in the branches of plants in the Aeolian soil was relatively low, and the weight of 100 fruits (28.28 g) was significantly higher than the weight of 100 fruits of the H. rhamnoides plants grown in Loess soil (11.14 g). Conclusions The results of this study show that in the Yellow River Basin area, Aeolian soil is more conducive to the growth of H. rhamnoides plants than Loess soil. H. rhamnoides plants growing in Aeolian soil had good adaptability and stress resistance, and a larger potential for fruit production. These findings provide insights for ecological restoration and the creation of economic value in the Yellow River Basin area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Bu
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuefeng Guo
- College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Development Center,, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Celiktopuz E. Determination of drought tolerance of different strawberry genotypes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14972. [PMID: 36874961 PMCID: PMC9983431 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry production future depends on productive, high quality and drought tolerant varieties. The goal of this study was to determine the most suitable variety by determining the yield and photosynthetic responses (net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E)) of four strawberry genotypes with different characteristics (Rubygem, Festival; 33, and 59) at two different irrigation levels (IR50: water stress (WS), IR100: well-watered (WW)). It was also aimed to prepare the irrigation program by making use of the crop water stress index (CWSI). The trial was conducted at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Çukurova, Turkey during 2019-2020 experimental year. The trial was implemented as a 4 × 2 factorial scheme of genotypes and irrigation levels, in a split-plot design. Genotype Rubygem had the highest canopy temperature (Tc)-air temperature (Ta), whereas genotype 59 had the lowest, indicating that genotype 59 has better ability to thermoregulate leaf temperatures. Moreover, yield, Pn, and E were found to have a substantial negative relationship with Tc-Ta. WS reduced yield, Pn, gs, and E by 36%, 37%, 39%, and 43%, respectively, whereas it increased CWSI (22%) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) (6%). Besides, the optimal time to measure leaf surface temperature of strawberries is around 1:00 pm and strawberry irrigation management might be maintained under the high tunnel in Mediterranean utilizing CWSI values between 0.49 and 0.63. Although genotypes had varying drought tolerance, the genotype 59 had the strongest yield and photosynthetic performances under both WW and WS conditions. Furthermore, 59 had highest IWUE and lowest CWSI in the WS conditions, proving to be the most drought tolerant genotype in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Celiktopuz
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Li Y, Ma J, Gao X, Tie J, Wu Y, Tang Z, Hu L, Yu J. Exogenous brassinosteroids alleviate calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn by maintaining cell wall structural stability and higher photosynthesis in mini Chinese Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999051. [PMID: 36570895 PMCID: PMC9780586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tip-burn has seriously affected the yield, quality and commodity value of mini Chinese cabbage. Calcium (Ca2+) deficiency is the main cause of tip-burn. In order to investigate whether exogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) can alleviate tip-burn induced by calcium (Ca2+) deficiency and its mechanism, in this study, Ca2+ deficiency in nutrient solution was used to induced tip-burn, and then distilled water and BRs were sprayed on leaves to observe the tip-burn incidence of mini Chinese cabbage. The tip-burn incidence and disease index, leaf area, fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, NPQ, qP andφPSII) and gas exchange parameters (Tr, Pn, Gs and Ci), pigment contents, cell wall components, mesophyll cell ultrastructure and the expression of genes related to chlorophyll degradation were measured. The results showed that exogenous BRs reduced the tip-burn incidence rate and disease index of mini Chinese cabbage, and the tip-burn incidence rate reached the highest on the ninth day after treatment. Exogenous BRs increased the contents of cellulose, hemifiber, water-soluble pectin in Ca2+ deficiency treated leaves, maintaining the stability of cell wall structure. In addition, BRs increased photosynthetic rate by increasing the activities of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) related to Calvin cycle, maintaining relatively complete chloroplast structure and higher chlorophyll content via down-regulating the expression of BrPPH1 and BrPAO1 genes related to chlorophyll degradation. In conclusion, exogenous BRs alleviated calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn by maintaining cell wall structural stability and higher photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Tie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Sarkar A, Gogoi N, Roy S. Bisphenol-A incite dose-dependent dissimilitude in the growth pattern, physiology, oxidative status, and metabolite profile of Azolla filiculoides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:91325-91344. [PMID: 35896871 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant affecting the growth and development of aquatic macrophytes. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of BPA on Azolla filiculoides. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of BPA and the effect was evaluated in terms of plant growth, physiological and oxidative status, responses of the antioxidative system, and changes in key metabolites. The results have shown that BPA (≥ 20 mg L-1) incites a significant reduction in frond number, frond surface area, and growth rate of the plants along with severe frond damage, membrane peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, at higher concentrations, a significant reduction in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was observed, which was further amplified with the duration of treatments. Furthermore, excessive generation of O2•- and H2O2 invoked the antioxidative machinery under BPA exposure. However, sufficient activity of the antioxidative enzymes was observed in plants treated with ≤ 10 mg L-1 of BPA. The untargeted metabolome profile revealed modulation of 29 metabolites including amino acids, sugar alcohols, organic acids, and phenolics in response to BPA. An increased amount of asparagine, lysine, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine after 3 days of BPA exposure indicates their role in providing better stress tolerance. Therefore, the experimental findings suggest that A. filiculoides responds differently to BPA exposure. Higher BPA concentrations (≥ 20 mg L-1) documented a greater impact in terms of plant physiology and metabolism whereas, the effect was minimal at lower concentrations (≤ 10 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of North Bengal, P.O. Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmali Gogoi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Department of Botany, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, University of North Bengal, P.O. Raja Rammohunpur, Dist., Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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Lin XY, Zhang NN, Yao BH, Zhang X, Liu WY, Zhang WQ, Zhang JH, Wei GH, Chen J. Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and rhizobia modulate the physiological and metabolism process during water deficiency-induced oxidative defense in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3249-3274. [PMID: 36043459 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a new gas signal molecule, participates in the regulation of various abiotic stresses in plants. However, how the tandem working of H2 S and rhizobia affects the adaptation of soybean to water deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanism of H2 S and rhizobia in soybean to water deficiency. Our results revealed that H2 S and rhizobia jointly enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content in plants, and caused an increase in the biomass of soybean seedlings under water deficiency. Besides, in the absence of water, H2 S enhanced the biomass by affecting the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity during vegetative growth. The expression of nodulation marker genes including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN) and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a and GmNIN2b) were upregulated by H2 S and rhizobia in the nodules. Moreover, the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia was proved to affect the enzyme activities and gene expression level of antioxidants, as well as osmotic protective substance content and related gene expression levels under water deficiency in soybean seedlings. In addition, the metabolomic results suggested that the combined effect of H2 S and rhizobia remarkably promoted the contents of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Our results indicated that H2 S and rhizobia synergistically reduced the oxidative damage caused by water deficiency through increasing the accumulation of metabolites and strengthening the plant antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hui Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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21
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Javaid MM, Florentine S, Mahmood A, Wasaya A, Javed T, Sattar A, Sarwar N, Kalaji HM, Ahmad HB, Worbel J, Ahmed MAA, Telesiński A, Mojski J. Interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and drought on physiological traits of Datura stramonium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929378. [PMID: 36388510 PMCID: PMC9644026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are known to influence the response of many plants under drought. This paper aimed to measure the leaf gas exchange, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, and photosystem II (PS II) activity of Datura stramonium under progressive drought conditions, along with ambient conditions of 400 ppm (aCO2) and elevated conditions of 700 ppm (eCO2). Plants of D. stramonium were grown at 400 ppm and 700 ppm under 100 and 60% field capacity in a laboratory growth chamber. For 10 days at two-day intervals, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, PSII activity, electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching were measured. While drought stress had generally negative effects on the aforementioned physiological traits of D. stramonium, it was found that eCO2 concentration mitigated the adverse effects of drought and most of the physiological parameters were sustained with increasing drought duration when compared to that with aCO2. D. stramonium, which was grown under drought conditions, was re-watered on day 8 and indicated a partial recovery in all the parameters except maximum fluorescence, with this recovery being higher with eCO2 compared to aCO2. These results suggest that elevated CO2 mitigates the adverse growth effects of drought, thereby enhancing the adaptive mechanism of this weed by improving its water use efficiency. It is concluded that this weed has the potential to take advantage of climate change by increasing its competitiveness with other plants in drought-prone areas, suggesting that it could expand into new localities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Allah Wasaya
- College of Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Sarwar
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Hafiz Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Jacek Worbel
- Department of Bioenegineering, West Pomerania, University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mohammed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- Department of Bioenegineering, West Pomerania, University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Mojski
- Twój Swiat Jacek Mojski, Lukow, Poland
- Fundacja Zielona Infrastruktura, Lukow, Poland
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22
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Khan MT, Ahmed S, Sardar R, Shareef M, Abbasi A, Mohiuddin M, Ercisli S, Fiaz S, Marc RA, Attia K, Khan N, Golokhvast KS. Impression of foliar-applied folic acid on coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) to regulate aerial growth, biochemical activity, and essential oil profiling under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005710. [PMID: 36340333 PMCID: PMC9633984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major environmental limitations in the crop production sector that has a great impact on food security worldwide. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an herbaceous angiosperm of culinary significance and highly susceptible to rootzone dryness. Elucidating the drought-induced physio-chemical changes and the foliar-applied folic acid (FA; vitamin B9)-mediated stress tolerance mechanism of coriander has been found as a research hotspot under the progressing water scarcity challenges for agriculture. The significance of folic acid in ameliorating biochemical activities for the improved vegetative growth and performance of coriander under the mild stress (MS75), severe stress (SS50), and unstressed (US100) conditions was examined in this study during two consecutive seasons. The results revealed that the plants treated with 50 mM FA showed the highest plant fresh biomass, leaf fresh biomass, and shoot fresh biomass from bolting stage to seed filling stage under mild drought stress. In addition, total soluble sugars, total flavonoids content, and chlorophyll content showed significant results by the foliar application of FA, while total phenolic content showed non-significant results under MS75 and SS50. It was found that 50 mM of FA upregulated the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes in MS75 and SS50 plants compared with untreated FA plants. Thus, FA treatment improved the overall biological yield and economic yield regardless of water deficit conditions. FA-accompanied plants showed a decline in drought susceptibility index, while it improved the drought tolerance efficiency, indicating this variety to become stress tolerant. The optimum harvest index, essential oil (EO) percentage, and oil yield were found in MS75 followed by SS50 in FA-supplemented plants. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed a higher abundance of linalool as the major chemical constituent of EO, followed by α-terpeniol, terpinene, and p-Cymene in FA-treated SS50 plants. FA can be chosen as a shotgun tactic to improve drought tolerance in coriander by delimiting the drastic changes due to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tajammal Khan
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asim Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kotb Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kiril S. Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Krasnoobsk, Russia
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23
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Peršić V, Ament A, Antunović Dunić J, Drezner G, Cesar V. PEG-induced physiological drought for screening winter wheat genotypes sensitivity - integrated biochemical and chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987702. [PMID: 36311092 PMCID: PMC9597320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen different winter wheat genotypes at the onset of metabolic changes induced by water deficit to comprehend possible adaptive features of photosynthetic apparatus function and structure to physiological drought. The drought treatment was the most influential variable affecting plant growth and relative water content, and genotype variability determined with what intensity varieties of winter wheat seedlings responded to water deficit. PEG-induced drought, as expected, changed phenomenological energy fluxes and the efficiency with which an electron is transferred to final PSI acceptors. Based on the effect size, fluorescence parameters were grouped to represent photochemical parameters, that is, the donor and acceptor side of PSII (PC1); the thermal phase of the photosynthetic process, or the electron flow around PSI, and the chain of electrons between PSII and PSI (PC2); and phenomenological energy fluxes per cross-section (PC3). Furthermore, four distinct clusters of genotypes were discerned based on their response to imposed physiological drought, and integrated analysis enabled an explanation of their reactions' specificity. The most reliable JIP-test parameters for detecting and comparing the drought impact among tested genotypes were the variable fluorescence at K, L, I step, and PITOT. To conclude, developing and improving screening methods for identifying and evaluating functional relationships of relevant characteristics that are useful for acclimation, acclimatization, and adaptation to different types of drought stress can contribute to the progress in breeding research of winter wheat drought-tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Ament
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Georg Drezner
- Department of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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24
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Wang G, Dong Y, Stevanato P, Lv C, Liu Y, Cheng S, Geng G, Yu L, Wang Y. Growth status and physiological changes of sugar beet seedlings in response to acidic pH environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153771. [PMID: 36044811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important sugar crop that is popularly cultivated in a variety of agriculture conditions. Here, we studied sugar beet growth in different pH soils (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0) and analyzed their growth status and physiology. Sugar beet growth was best at pH 9.0 and worst at pH 5.0. As the soil pH decreased from 9.0 to 5.0, the osmoregulatory substances, antioxidant enzyme activity, and elemental contents in leaves and roots showed increasing trends, while photosynthesis and macronutrient contents showed decreasing trends. To explore the physiological mechanisms sugar beet use to respond to different pH environments, we analyzed the correlations between leaf net photosynthesis rate and physiological changes and nutrient contents of sugar beet. One of the factors inhibiting sugar beet growth in low pH soils was a reduction in photosynthetic capacity. The accumulation of osmoregulatory substances and increased peroxidative damage may have led to the decrease in leaf net photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, the decrease in nutrient content and accumulation of metal elements were correlated with the decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate. QRT-PCR analysis showed higher expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes in the leaves and roots of sugar beet grown in low pH environments compared to those in high pH environments. Correspondingly, antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly higher in beets in low pH environments than in beets in high pH environments. These results provide important insight into the physiological responses by which sugar beet can adapt to different pH soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yinzhuang Dong
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shaochen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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25
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Guo J, Wang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu F, Li X. Parental drought priming enhances tolerance to low temperature in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) offspring. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:946-957. [PMID: 35871526 DOI: 10.1071/fp22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the major environmental stresses that limit crop growth and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Drought priming at the vegetative stage could enhance wheat tolerance to later cold stress; however, the transgenerational effects of drought priming on wheat offspring's cold stress tolerance remains unclear. Here, the low temperature responses of offspring were tested after the parental drought priming treatment at grain filling stage. The offspring plants from parental drought priming treatment had a higher abscisic acid (ABA) level and lower osmotic potential (Ψo) than the control plants under cold conditions. Moreover, parental drought priming increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation in offspring. In comparison to control plants, parental drought priming plants had a higher ATP concentration and higher activities of ATPase and the enzymes involved in sucrose biosynthesis and starch metabolism. The results indicated that parental drought priming induced low temperature tolerance in offspring by regulating endogenous ABA levels and maintaining the redox homeostasis and the balance of carbohydrate metabolism, which provided a potential approach for cold resistant cultivation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Guo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics and Evolution, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård Allé 13, Tåstrup DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
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26
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Transcriptome Sequencing and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Drought Stress in Millet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810792. [PMID: 36142707 PMCID: PMC9501609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the oldest agricultural crops in China, millet (Panicum miliaceum) has powerful drought tolerance. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of ‘Hequ Red millet’ (HQ) and ‘Yanshu No.10’ (YS10) millet after 6 h of drought stress were performed. Transcriptome characteristics of drought stress in HQ and YS10 were characterized by Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing. The pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the highly enriched categories were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, metabolic pathways, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites when the two millet varieties were subjected to drought stress. Under drought stress, 245 genes related to energy metabolism were found to show significant changes between the two strains. Further analysis showed that 219 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction also participated in the drought response. In addition, numerous genes involved in anthocyanin metabolism and photosynthesis were confirmed to be related to drought stress, and these genes showed significant differential expression and played an important role in anthocyanin metabolism and photosynthesis. Moreover, we identified 496 transcription factors related to drought stress, which came from 10 different transcription factor families, such as bHLH, C3H, MYB, and WRKY. Further analysis showed that many key genes related to energy metabolism, such as citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase, showed significant upregulation, and most of the structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis also showed significant upregulation in both strains. Most genes related to plant hormone signal transduction showed upregulated expression, while many JA and SA signaling pathway-related genes were downregulated. Metabolome analysis was performed on ‘Hequ red millet’ (HQ) and ‘Yanshu 10’ (YS10), a total of 2082 differential metabolites (DEMs) were identified. These findings indicate that energy metabolism, anthocyanins, photosynthesis, and plant hormones are closely related to the drought resistance of millet and adapt to adversity by precisely regulating the levels of various molecular pathways.
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27
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Villalobos-Soublett E, Verdugo-Vásquez N, Díaz I, Zurita-Silva A. Adapting Grapevine Productivity and Fitness to Water Deficit by Means of Naturalized Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870438. [PMID: 35685018 PMCID: PMC9171144 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change effects are unbalanced in all regions and cultivars linked to the wine industry. However, the impact of extreme weather events, such as drought and rising global temperatures, highlight the potential vulnerability in plant productivity, phenology, and crop water requirements that affect quality and harvests. Among adaptative measures for grapevine cultivars in existing or new winegrowing areas, the use of tolerant rootstocks to abiotic stress has been regarded as a mid-term strategy to face emerging constrains. The aim of this study was to compare naturalized or autochthonous rootstocks influence over grapevine cultivar performance and to characterize their response to deficit irrigation conditions. Data was collected from Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah grafted plants for over 3 growing seasons (2018-2021) from a hyper-arid experimental field in Vicuña, Chile. Morpho-physiological parameters were determined throughout seasons and combinations where significant effects from rootstocks, irrigation treatment, and cultivar were observed over An and gs, thus modifying CO2 assimilation and intrinsic Water Use Efficiency (WUEi). Primary productivity and yield were also modified by rootstock depending upon cultivar hydric behavior. Interestingly, cluster and berry traits were unaffected despite how water productivity and integral water stress were modulated by rootstock. In both cultivars, it was observed that trait responses varied according to the irrigation conditions, rootstocks, and their respective interactions, thus highlighting a relative influence of the rootstocks in the processes of adaptation to the water deficit. Moreover, harvest date and acidity were modified by deficit irrigation treatment, and rootstocks did not modify phenological stages. Adaptation of grapevines to expected lower water availability might be improved by using suitable tolerant rootstocks, and maturity index can be modified through irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, La Serena, Chile
| | - Irina Díaz
- Centro de Investigación Raihuén, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, San Javier, Chile
| | - Andrés Zurita-Silva
- Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, La Serena, Chile
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28
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Ortiz D, Salas-Fernandez MG. Dissecting the genetic control of natural variation in sorghum photosynthetic response to drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3251-3267. [PMID: 34791180 PMCID: PMC9126735 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress causes crop yield losses worldwide. Sorghum is a C4 species tolerant to moderate drought stress, and its extensive natural variation for photosynthetic traits under water-limiting conditions can be exploited for developing cultivars with enhanced stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to discover genes/genomic regions that control the sorghum photosynthetic capacity under pre-anthesis water-limiting conditions. We performed a genome-wide association study for seven photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits during three periods of contrasting soil volumetric water content (VWC): control (30% VWC), drought (15% VWC), and recovery (30% VWC). Water stress was imposed with an automated irrigation system that generated a controlled dry-down period for all plants, to perform an unbiased genotypic comparison. A total of 60 genomic regions were associated with natural variation in one or more photosynthetic traits in a particular treatment or with derived variables. We identified 33 promising candidate genes with predicted functions related to stress signaling, oxidative stress protection, hormonal response to stress, and dehydration protection. Our results provide new knowledge about the natural variation and genetic control of sorghum photosynthetic response to drought with the ultimate goal of improving its adaptation and productivity under water stress scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ortiz
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Manfredi, Cordoba 5988, Argentina
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29
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Xu Y, Fu X. Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105716. [PMID: 35628526 PMCID: PMC9143615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
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30
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Effects of Controlled Mycorrhization and Deficit Irrigation in the Nursery on Post-Transplant Growth and Physiology of Acer campestre L. and Tilia cordata Mill. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to assess the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and deficit irrigation applied in the nursery on the post-transplant growth and physiology of Acer campestre L. and Tilia cordata Mill. For this purpose, 144 preconditioned plants were planted in an experimental plot in northern Italy and were monitored for three growing seasons. Controlled inoculation in the nursery enhanced the root colonization rate three years after transplanting only in Acer campestre. Inoculated Acer campestre showed higher survival, shoot length, turgor potential and leaf gas exchange than non-inoculated plants throughout the experiment. By contrast, in Tilia cordata, no difference in root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi was observed between plants inoculated or not in the nursery three years after transplanting. Indeed, the survival, growth and physiology of Tilia cordata after transplanting were little affected by inoculation. Deficit irrigation in the nursery determined higher survival, growth and CO2 assimilation rate and more favorable water relations in newly transplanted Acer campestre. By contrast, Tilia cordata exposed to deficit irrigation in the nursery showed lower growth and unaffected survival after transplanting compared to plants which received full irrigation in the nursery. The overall results suggest that nursery preconditioning through mycorrhizal inoculation and deficit irrigation can affect post-transplant performances, although their effectiveness depends on species’ mycorrhizal dependency and water use strategy.
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Zheng B, Zhao W, Ren T, Zhang X, Ning T, Liu P, Li G. Low Light Increases the Abundance of Light Reaction Proteins: Proteomics Analysis of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Grown at High Planting Density. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063015. [PMID: 35328436 PMCID: PMC8955883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is usually planted at high density, so most of its leaves grow in low light. Certain morphological and physiological traits improve leaf photosynthetic capacity under low light, but how light absorption, transmission, and transport respond at the proteomic level remains unclear. Here, we used tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics to investigate maize photosynthesis-related proteins under low light due to dense planting, finding increased levels of proteins related to photosystem II (PSII), PSI, and cytochrome b6f. These increases likely promote intersystem electron transport and increased PSI end electron acceptor abundance. OJIP transient curves revealed increases in some fluorescence parameters under low light: quantum yield for electron transport (φEo), probability that an electron moves beyond the primary acceptor QA- (ψo), efficiency/probability of electron transfer from intersystem electron carriers to reduction end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (δRo), quantum yield for reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side (φRo), and overall performance up to the PSI end electron acceptors (PItotal). Thus, densely planted maize shows elevated light utilization through increased electron transport efficiency, which promotes coordination between PSII and PSI, as reflected by higher apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), lower light compensation point (LCP), and lower dark respiration rate (Rd).
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Nunes C, Moreira R, Pais I, Semedo J, Simões F, Veloso MM, Scotti-Campos P. Cowpea Physiological Responses to Terminal Drought-Comparison between Four Landraces and a Commercial Variety. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050593. [PMID: 35270063 PMCID: PMC8912480 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a robust legume; nevertheless, yield is always affected by drought, especially when it occurs during reproductive growth and seed filling. Considered a key crop in the effort to attain food security, and a suitable crop for a scenario of climate change, modern disregard for cowpea landraces is particularly detrimental as it causes genetic variability loss, compromising breeding efforts. To contribute to the evaluation of the cowpea germplasm, four Portuguese landraces (L1, L2, L3, L4) were compared with a commercial variety (CV) to evaluate their physiological responses to terminal drought and their inter-variation on productivity, under semi-controlled conditions. Despite no differences in relative water content (RWC) between the CV and the landraces under water deficit (WD), differences in leaf water potential (Ψ) defined the CV as having an isohydric control of stomata in contrast with anisohydric control for landraces. There was an identical decrease in the photosynthetic rate for all plants under stress, caused by both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations, namely, damages at the level of photosystem II as indicated by fluorescence measurements. Instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE) was improved with stress in L1 and L3. Maintenance of higher relative chlorophyll content for longer periods in the CV revealed a stay-green phenotype. The slim differences observed in terms of stomatal control, iWUE and progression of senescence between the CV and the landraces under WD led to quite important differences in terms of productivity, as inferred from improved yield (number of pods and number of grains per plant). This is a clear result of pragmatic on-farm selection. On one hand it shows that small differences in stomatal responses or water saving strategies under WD may lead to desirable outcomes and should therefore be considered during breeding. On the other hand, it suggests that other traits could be explored in view of drought adaptation. These results highlight the need to preserve and characterize as many genetic pools as possible within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Nunes
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Rita Moreira
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Isabel Pais
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - José Semedo
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Maria Manuela Veloso
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unidade de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Instituto Público, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; (R.M.); (I.P.); (J.S.); (F.S.); (M.M.V.); (P.S.-C.)
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Almada, Portugal
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Amombo E, Ashilenje D, Hirich A, Kouisni L, Oukarroum A, Ghoulam C, El Gharous M, Nilahyane A. Exploring the correlation between salt tolerance and yield: research advances and perspectives for salt-tolerant forage sorghum selection and genetic improvement. PLANTA 2022; 255:71. [PMID: 35190912 PMCID: PMC8860782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Some salt stress response mechanisms can translate into sorghum forage yield and thus act as targets for genetic improvement. Sorghum is a drought-tolerant cereal that is widely grown in the vast Africa's arid and semi-arid areas. Apart from drought, salinity is a major abiotic factor that, in addition to natural causes, has been exacerbated by increased poor anthropological activities. The importance of sorghum as a forage crop in saline areas has yet to be fully realized. Despite intraspecific variation in salt tolerance, sorghum is generally moderately salt-tolerant, and its productivity in saline soils can be remarkably limited. This is due to the difficulty of replicating optimal field saline conditions due to the great heterogeneity of salt distribution in the soil. As a promising fodder crop for saline areas, classic phenotype-based selection methods can be integrated with modern -omics in breeding programs to simultaneously address salt tolerance and production. To enable future manipulation, selection, and genetic improvement of sorghum with high yield and salt tolerance, here, we explore the potential positive correlations between the reliable indices of sorghum performance under salt stress at the phenotypic and genotypic level. We then explore the potential role of modern selection and genetic improvement programs in incorporating these linked salt tolerance and yield traits and propose a mechanism for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Amombo
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Dennis Ashilenje
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Cherki Ghoulam
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Labelled Research Unit CNRST, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Gharous
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco.
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Ali B, Wang X, Saleem MH, Azeem MA, Afridi MS, Nadeem M, Ghazal M, Batool T, Qayyum A, Alatawi A, Ali S. Bacillus mycoides PM35 Reinforces Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Defense, Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes, and Ameliorates the Effects of Salinity Stress in Maize. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020219. [PMID: 35207506 PMCID: PMC8875943 DOI: 10.3390/life12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the abiotic constraints that imbalance nutrient acquisition, hampers plant growth, and leads to potential loss in agricultural productivity. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can alleviate the adverse impacts of salt stress by mediating molecular, biochemical, and physiological status. In the present study, the bacterium Bacillus mycoides PM35 showed resistance up to 3 M NaCl stress and exhibited plant growth-promoting features. Under salinity stress, the halo-tolerant bacterium B. mycoides PM35 showed significant plant growth-promoting traits, such as the production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, ACC deaminase, and exopolysaccharides. Inoculation of B. mycoides PM35 alleviated salt stress in plants and enhanced shoot and root length under salinity stress (0, 300, 600, and 900 mM). The B. mycoides PM35 alleviated salinity stress by enhancing the photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, radical scavenging capacity, soluble sugars, and protein content in inoculated maize plants compared to non-inoculated plants. In addition, B. mycoides PM35 significantly boosted antioxidant activities, relative water content, flavonoid, phenolic content, and osmolytes while reducing electrolyte leakage, H2O2, and MDA in maize compared to control plants. Genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance (CzcD, sfp, and srfAA genes) were amplified in B. mycoides PM35. Moreover, all reactions are accompanied by the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX and SOD). Our study reveals that B. mycoides PM35 is capable of promoting plant growth and increasing agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.N.); (T.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Atif Azeem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.N.); (T.B.); (A.Q.)
| | | | - Mehwish Nadeem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.N.); (T.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Mehreen Ghazal
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Tayyaba Batool
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.N.); (T.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Ayesha Qayyum
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.N.); (T.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Aishah Alatawi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.A.)
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Conti V, Romi M, Guarnieri M, Cantini C, Cai G. Italian Tomato Cultivars under Drought Stress Show Different Content of Bioactives in Pulp and Peel of Fruits. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030270. [PMID: 35159422 PMCID: PMC8834277 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the performance, in terms of accumulation of antioxidant compounds in fruits, of nine local and three commercial Italian tomato cultivars subjected to drought stress. The same local cultivars had been previously studied at morpho-physiological level. Methods: The present manuscript analyzes drought stress as a tool to increase the amount of secondary metabolites that can enhance fruit quality. Nutraceutical characterization of the fruits was performed by analyzing the content of antioxidants, phenols, flavonoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), rutin, caffeic acid, and naringenin. At the same time, plant sensitivity to stress during the reproductive phase was monitored in terms of flower abscission, fruit drop, and seed germination. Results: Perina turns out to be the tomato cultivar with the best nutraceutical properties in the absence of stress while the Quarantino cultivar is so for flavonoid content (control plants) and lycopene and vitamin C content (stressed plants). Perina and Quarantino are the cultivars with the best response to drought and Perina has the highest concentrations of bioactives. Quarantino responds most effectively to stress in the reproductive phase. Conclusions: data confirm that drought stress increases bioactive production in some local cultivars of tomato, which produce higher quality fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-232392
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Massimo Guarnieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR-IBE), 58022 Follonica, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (G.C.)
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Interactive Effects of Drought and Saline Aerosol Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Two Ornamental Shrub Species. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of drought and aerosol stresses were studied in a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Design with triplicates on two ornamental shrubs. Treatments consisted of four levels of water container (40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% of water volumetric content of the substrate) and, after 30 days from experiment onset, three aerosol treatments (distilled water and 50% and 100% salt sea water concentrations). The trial was contextually replicated on two species: Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels and Viburnum tinus L. ‘Lucidum’. In both species, increasing drought stress negatively affected dry biomass, leaf area, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative water content. The added saline aerosol stress induced a further physiological water deficit in plants of both species, with more emphasis on Callistemon. The interaction between the two stress conditions was found to be additive for almost all the physiological parameters, resulting in enhanced damage on plants under stress combination. Total biomass, for effect of combined stresses, ranged from 120.1 to 86.4 g plant−1 in Callistemon and from 122.3 to 94.6 g plant−1 in Viburnum. The net photosynthesis in Callistemon declined by the 70% after 30 days in WC 10% and by the 45% and 53% in WC 20% and WC 10% respectively after 60 days. In Viburnum plants, since the first measurement (7 days), a decrease of net photosynthesis was observed for the more stressed treatments (WC 20% and WC 10%), by 57%. The overall data suggested that Viburnum was more tolerant compared the Callistemon under the experimental conditions studied.
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Jiao L, Xue R, Qi C, Chen K, Liu X. Comparison of the responses of radial growth to climate change for two dominant coniferous tree species in the eastern Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1823-1836. [PMID: 33914168 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temperature in northwestern China has increased significantly since the 1990s. However, the responses of mountainous forests to warming have not been extensively examined. We collected tree rings of two dominant coniferous species of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains, and analyzed the differences in the response dynamic of the radial growth of two species to climate change. The results showed that (1) the annual radial growth of Qinghai spruce was mainly restricted by the minimum temperature in July and October, and the growth of Chinese pine was mainly restricted by the mean temperature in September of the previous year, January, and July and the maximum temperature in March, May, and July. In particular, Qinghai spruce increased its sensitivity to total precipitation in the growing seasons in March, May, and July after the temperature abruptly increased. (2) In comparison to Qinghai spruce, Chinese pine showed a consistent response to the main climatic factors and was more severely affected by drought stress. Qinghai spruce had divergent responses to mean temperatures in March and May and minimum temperatures in April and June. (3) The growth of Qinghai spruce increased with a significant fluctuation at the end of the twentieth century, while the growth of Chinese pine first showed an increase and then a significant decreasing trend. At present, the increase in temperature has adversely affected the growth of Chinese pine in the eastern Qilian Mountains and promoted the growth of Qinghai spruce. However, a continuous temperature increase could negatively affect the growth of Qinghai spruce because of the increasing probability of drought stress. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the growth dynamics of Qinghai spruce, especially with the different water supply and demand, and to the effects of drought on Chinese pine in forest ecosystems in arid and semiarid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiao
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Ruhong Xue
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Changliang Qi
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anning East Road, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Parkash V, Sharma DB, Snider J, Bag S, Roberts P, Tabassum A, West D, Khanal S, Suassuna N, Chee P. Effect of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus on Physiological Processes and Yield of Individual Cotton Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734386. [PMID: 34659302 PMCID: PMC8519356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf disease (CLRDD) caused by cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging threat to cotton production in the United States. The disease was first reported in Alabama in 2017 and subsequently has been reported in 10 other cotton producing states in the United States, including Georgia. A field study was conducted at field sites near Tifton, Georgia in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature responses for a symptomatic cultivar (diseased plants observed at regular frequency) at multiple stages of disease progression and for asymptomatic cultivars (0% disease incidence observed). Disease-induced reductions in net photosynthetic rate (A n, decreased by 63-101%), stomatal conductance (g s, decreased by 65-99%), and efficiency of the thylakoid reactions (32-92% decline in primary photochemistry) were observed, whereas leaf temperature significantly increased by 0.5-3.8°C at advanced stages of the disease. Net photosynthesis was substantially more sensitive to disease-induced declines in g s than the thylakoid reactions. Symptomatic plants with more advanced disease stages remained stunted throughout the growing season, and yield was reduced by 99% by CLRDD due to reductions in boll number per plant and declines in boll mass resulting from fewer seeds per boll. Asymptomatic cultivars exhibited more conservative gas exchange responses than apparently healthy plants of the symptomatic cultivar but were less productive. Overall, it is concluded that CLRDV limits stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity of individual leaves, causing substantial declines in productivity for individual plants. Future studies should evaluate the physiological contributors to genotypic variation in disease tolerance under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Divya Bhanu Sharma
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - John Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Phillip Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Afsha Tabassum
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Dalton West
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Sameer Khanal
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Nelson Suassuna
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Peng Chee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
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Guo Y, Yin W, Fan H, Fan Z, Hu F, Yu A, Zhao C, Chai Q, Aziiba EA, Zhang X. Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Water and Nitrogen Coupling for Enhanced High-Density Tolerance and Increased Yield of Maize in Arid Irrigation Regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726568. [PMID: 34630472 PMCID: PMC8495025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To some extent, the photosynthetic traits of developing leaves of maize are regulated systemically by water and nitrogen. However, it remains unclear whether photosynthesis is systematically regulated via water and nitrogen when maize crops are grown under close (high density) planting conditions. To address this, a field experiment that had a split-split plot arrangement of treatments was designed. Two irrigation levels on local traditional irrigation level (high, I2, 4,050 m3 ha-1) and reduced by 20% (low, I1, 3,240 m3 ha-1) formed the main plots; two levels of nitrogen fertilizer at a local traditional nitrogen level (high, N2, 360 kg ha-1) and reduced by 25% (low, N1, 270 kg ha-1) formed the split plots; three planting densities of low (D1, 7.5 plants m-2), medium (D2, 9.75 plants m-2), and high (D3, 12 plants m-2) formed the split-split plots. The grain yield, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of the closely planted maize crops were assessed. The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling regulated their net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NO)], actual photochemical efficiency of PSII [Y(II)], and quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NPQ)]. When maize plants were grown at low irrigation with traditional nitrogen and at a medium density (i.e., I1N2D2), they had Pn, Gs, and Tr higher than those of grown under traditional treatment conditions (i.e., I2N2D1). Moreover, the increased photosynthesis in the leaves of maize in the I1N2D2 treatment was mainly caused by decreased Y(NO), and increased Y(II) and Y(NPQ). The coupling of 20%-reduced irrigation with the traditional nitrogen application boosted the grain yield of medium density-planted maize, whose Pn, Gs, Tr, Y(II), and Y(NPQ) were enhanced, and its Y(NO) was reduced. Redundancy analysis revealed that both Y(II) and SPAD were the most important physiological factors affecting maize yield performance, followed by Y(NPQ) and NPQ. Using the 20% reduction in irrigation and traditional nitrogen application at a medium density of planting (I1N2D2) could thus be considered as feasible management practices, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring high yields of closely planted maize plants in arid irrigation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Asibi Aziiba
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zendonadi Dos Santos N, Piepho HP, Condorelli GE, Licieri Groli E, Newcomb M, Ward R, Tuberosa R, Maccaferri M, Fiorani F, Rascher U, Muller O. High-throughput field phenotyping reveals genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in durum wheat under drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2858-2878. [PMID: 34189744 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is a powerful non-invasive technique for probing photosynthesis. Although proposed as a method for drought tolerance screening, ChlF has not yet been fully adopted in physiological breeding, mainly due to limitations in high-throughput field phenotyping capabilities. The light-induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) sensor has recently been shown to reliably provide active ChlF data for rapid and remote characterisation of plant photosynthetic performance. We used the LIFT sensor to quantify photosynthesis traits across time in a large panel of durum wheat genotypes subjected to a progressive drought in replicated field trials over two growing seasons. The photosynthetic performance was measured at the canopy level by means of the operating efficiency of Photosystem II ( Fq'/Fm' ) and the kinetics of electron transport measured by reoxidation rates ( Fr1' and Fr2' ). Short- and long-term changes in ChlF traits were found in response to soil water availability and due to interactions with weather fluctuations. In mild drought, Fq'/Fm' and Fr2' were little affected, while Fr1' was consistently accelerated in water-limited compared to well-watered plants, increasingly so with rising vapour pressure deficit. This high-throughput approach allowed assessment of the native genetic diversity in ChlF traits while considering the diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Eder Licieri Groli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Newcomb
- Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard Ward
- Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Xing H, Zhou W, Wang C, Li L, Li X, Cui N, Hao W, Liu F, Wang Y. Excessive nitrogen application under moderate soil water deficit decreases photosynthesis, respiration, carbon gain and water use efficiency of maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1065-1075. [PMID: 34293606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of water stress and nitrogen (N) nutrition on leaf respiration (R), carbon balance and water use efficiency (WUE) remains largely elusive. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of soil water and N stresses on growth, physiological responses, leaf structure, carbon gain and WUE of maize. The plants were subjected to different soil water and N regimes to maturity. The results showed that the photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased significantly under the water stressed treatments across the N treatments mainly ascribed to the decreased plant water status. The moderate water stress reduced the photosynthetic capacity and activity and also caused damage to the structure of leaves, resulting in the significant reduction of An, and thus decreased WUEi. The dark respiration (Rd) was significantly decreased due to the damage of mitochondria, however, the Rd/An increased significantly and the carbon gain was seriously compromised, eventually inhibiting biomass growth under the moderately water stressed treatment. Increasing N dose further aggravated the severity of water deficit, decreased An, Gs and WUEi, damaged the structure and reduced the number of mitochondria of leaves, while increased Rd/An considerably under moderate water stress. Consequently, the biomass accumulation, carbon gain and plant level WUEp in the moderately water stressed treatment decreased markedly under the high N supply. Therefore, excessive N application should be avoided when plants suffer soil water stress in maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Xing
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiping Hao
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Yaosheng Wang
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Dobson Z, Ahad S, Vanlandingham J, Toporik H, Vaughn N, Vaughn M, Williams D, Reppert M, Fromme P, Mazor Y. The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e67518. [PMID: 34435952 PMCID: PMC8428864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Safa Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Jackson Vanlandingham
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hila Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Reppert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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Slawinski L, Israel A, Artault C, Thibault F, Atanassova R, Laloi M, Dédaldéchamp F. Responsiveness of Early Response to Dehydration Six-Like Transporter Genes to Water Deficit in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708876. [PMID: 34484269 PMCID: PMC8415272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses, which affects plant growth, development, and crop yield. Plant response to drought implies carbon allocation to sink organs and sugar partitioning between different cell compartments, and thereby requires the involvement of sugar transporters (SUTs). Among them, the early response to dehydration six-like (ESL), with 19 members in Arabidopsis thaliana, form the largest subfamily of monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) still poorly characterized. A common feature of these genes is their involvement in plant response to abiotic stresses, including water deficit. In this context, we carried out morphological and physiological phenotyping of A. thaliana plants grown under well-watered (WW) and water-deprived (WD) conditions, together with the expression profiling of 17 AtESL genes in rosette leaves. The drought responsiveness of 12 ESL genes, 4 upregulated and 8 downregulated, was correlated to different water statuses of rosette leaves. The differential expression of each of the tandem duplicated AtESL genes in response to water stress is in favor of their plausible functional diversity. Furthermore, transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertional mutants for each of the four upregulated ESLs in response to water deprivation were identified and characterized under WW and WD conditions. To gain insights into global sugar exchanges between vacuole and cytosol under water deficit, the gene expression of other vacuolar SUTs and invertases (AtTMT, AtSUC, AtSWEET, and AtβFRUCT) was analyzed and discussed.
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Comparison of the Radial Growth Response of Picea crassifolia to Climate Change in Different Regions of the Central and Eastern Qilian Mountains. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is important to explore the responses of radial tree growth in different regions to understand growth patterns and to enhance forest management and protection with climate change. We constructed tree ring width chronologies of Picea crassifolia from different regions of the Qilian Mountains of northwest China. We used Pearson correlation and moving correlation to analyze the main climate factors limiting radial growth of trees and the temporal stability of the growth–climate relationship, while spatial correlation is the result of further testing the first two terms in space. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Radial growth had different trends, showing an increasing followed by a decreasing trend in the central region, a continuously increasing trend in the eastern region, and a gradually decreasing trend in the isolated mountain. (2) Radial tree growth in the central region and isolated mountains was constrained by drought stress, and tree growth in the central region was significantly negatively correlated with growing season temperature. Isolated mountains showed a significant negative correlation with mean minimum of growing season and a significant positive correlation with total precipitation. (3) Temporal dynamic responses of radial growth in the central region to the temperatures and SPEI (the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) in the growing season were unstable, the isolated mountains to total precipitation was unstable, and that to SPEI was stable. The results of this study suggest that scientific management and maintenance plans of the forest ecosystem should be developed according to the response and growth patterns of the Qinghai spruce to climate change in different regions of the Qilian Mountains.
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Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Comparison to Commercial Herbicides to Control Weeds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071445. [PMID: 34371648 PMCID: PMC8309427 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L-1) of Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract on Cyperus iria was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. No seed germination was recorded in the laboratory when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L-1. In the glasshouse, C. iria was mostly injured by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L-1. The phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. The results indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles, sulfonic acid and other unknown compounds in P. hysterophorus methanol extract. A comparative study was also conducted between P. hysterophorus extract (20, 40 and 80 g L-1) with a synthetic herbicide (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium at 2 L ha-1) as a positive control and no treatment (negative control) on Ageratumconyzoides, Oryzasativa and C. iria. The growth and biomass of test weeds were remarkably inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract. Nevertheless, no significant difference was obtained when P. hysterophorus extract (80 g L-1) and synthetic herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) were applied on A.conyzoides.
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Leite JT, do Amaral Junior AT, Kamphorst SH, de Lima VJ, dos Santos Junior DR, Schmitt KFM, de Souza YP, Santos TDO, Bispo RB, Mafra GS, Campostrini E, Rodrigues WP. Water Use Efficiency in Popcorn ( Zea mays L. var. everta): Which Physiological Traits Would Be Useful for Breeding? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1450. [PMID: 34371657 PMCID: PMC8309410 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To ensure genetic gains in popcorn breeding programs carried out under drought conditions knowledge about the response of morphophysiological traits of plants to water stress for the selection of key traits is required. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines with agronomically efficient (P2 and P3) and inefficient (L61 and L63) water use and two hybrids (P2xL61 and P3xL63) derived from these contrasting parents, cultivated under two water regimes (WW watered-WW; and water-stressed-WS) in a greenhouse, replicated five times, where each experimental unit consisted of one plant in a PVC tube. Irrigation was applied until stage V6 and suspended thereafter. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and the genotypic correlations and relative heteroses estimated. The water use efficient inbred lines were superior in root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), and net CO2 assimilation rate (A), which were the characteristics that differentiated the studied genotypes most clearly. High heterosis estimates were observed for RL, SDW, leaf width (LW), leaf midrib length (LL), and agronomic water use efficiency (AWUE). The existence of a synergistic association between root angle and length for the characteristics A, stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentration (SPAD index) proved most important for the identification and phenotyping of superior genotypes. Based on the study of these characteristics, the higher AWUE of the previously selected inbred lines could be explained. The results reinforced the importance of root physiological and morphological traits to explain AWUE and the possibility of advances by exploiting heterosis, given the morphophysiological superiority of hybrids in relation to parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhean Torres Leite
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Kátia Fabiane Mereiros Schmitt
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Yure Pequeno de Souza
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Talles de Oliveira Santos
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Rosimeire Barboza Bispo
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Gabrielle Sousa Mafra
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Darcy Ribeiro State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil; (J.T.L.); (V.J.d.L.); (D.R.d.S.J.); (K.F.M.S.); (Y.P.d.S.); (T.d.O.S.); (R.B.B.); (G.S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Weverton Pereira Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Naturais e Letras, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Av. Brejo do Pinto, S/N, Estreito 65975-000, MA, Brazil;
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Leaf Age-Dependent Photosystem II Photochemistry and Oxidative Stress Responses to Drought Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Are Modulated by Flavonoid Accumulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144157. [PMID: 34299433 PMCID: PMC8307756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated flavonoid accumulation and lipid peroxidation in young leaves (YL) and mature leaves (ML) of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, whose watering stopped 24 h before sampling, characterized as onset of drought stress (OnDS), six days before sampling, characterized as mild drought stress (MiDS), and ten days before sampling, characterized as moderate drought stress (MoDS). The response to drought stress (DS) of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, in both leaf types, was evaluated by estimating the allocation of absorbed light to photochemistry (ΦPSII), to heat dissipation by regulated non-photochemical energy loss (ΦNPQ) and to non-regulated energy dissipated in PSII (ΦNO). Young leaves were better protected at MoDS than ML leaves, by having higher concentration of flavonoids that promote acclimation of YL PSII photochemistry to MoDS, showing lower lipid peroxidation and excitation pressure (1 - qp). Young leaves at MoDS possessed lower 1 - qp values and lower excess excitation energy (EXC), not only compared to MoDS ML, but even to MiDS YL. They also possessed a higher capacity to maintain low ΦNO, suggesting a lower singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. Our results highlight that leaves of different developmental stage may display different responses to DS, due to differential accumulation of metabolites, and imply that PSII photochemistry in Arabidopsis thaliana may not show a dose dependent DS response.
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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa f. spontanea (Weedy Rice) and Cyperus iria to Parthenium hysterophorus Methanol Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061205. [PMID: 34198474 PMCID: PMC8231805 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria L. in glasshouse condition. Here, Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of P. hysterophorus was strong on A. conyzoides compared to weedy rice and Cyperus iria at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with P. hysterophorus extract concentrations. Exposure to P. hysterophorus (60 g L−1) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in A. conyzoides compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of P. hysterophorus extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.
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Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Rout S, Chakraborty K, Swain P, Nayak PK, Nayak AK. Combined application of ascorbic acid and endophytic N-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 modulates photosynthetic efficacy, antioxidants and growth-promotion in rice under moisture deficit stress. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126808. [PMID: 34146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This group has previously reported the role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an antioxidant for survivability and ability to enhancing diazotrophic efficacy in Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress. However, the present study showed the combined application of AA and Avi2 in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen) and drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama) rice cultivars to determine their photosynthetic efficacy (chlorophyll fluorescence-imaging), antioxidants, and plant growth-promotion (PGP) under moisture deficit stress (MS, -60 kPa). The results indicated that combined application of AA and Avi2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total chlorophyll, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, super oxide dismutase, and catalase activities in all rice cultivars as compared to other MS treatments, whereas stress indicators like proline and H2O2 contents were proportionally increased under MS and their concentration were normalized under combined application of AA and Avi2. Photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, photosynthetic electron transport rate, and the effective quantum efficiency were found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Avi2 + AA as compared to other MS treatments. Moreover, rice roots harbored significantly (p < 0.05) higher copy number of nifH gene in Avi2 + AA treatment followed by Avi2 compared to flooded control and other MS treatments. Combined application of AA and Avi2 also increased the grain yield significantly (p < 0.05) by 7.09 % and 3.92 % in drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama, respectively) and 31.70 % and 34.19 % in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen, respectively) rice cultivars compared to MS treatment. Overall, the present study indicated that AA along with Avi2 could be an effective formulation to alleviate MS vis à vis enhances PGP traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Snehasini Rout
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - K Chakraborty
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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Kaur H, Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bhardwaj R. Scrutinizing the impact of water deficit in plants: Transcriptional regulation, signaling, photosynthetic efficacy, and management. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:935-962. [PMID: 33686690 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suboptimal availability of water limits plant growth, development, and performance. Drought is one of the leading factors responsible for worldwide crop yield reduction. In the future, owing to climate changes, more agricultural land will be affected by prolonged periods of water deficit. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanism of drought response is a major scientific concern for improvement of crop production. To combat drought stress, plants deploy varied mechanistic strategies and alter their morphological, physiochemical, and molecular attributes. This helps plant to enhance water uptake and storage, reduce water loss and avoid wilting. Induction of several transcription factors and drought responsive genes leads to synthesis of stress proteins, regulation of water channels i.e. aquaporins and production of osmolytes that are essential for maintenance of osmotic balance at the cellular level. Self- and hormone-regulated signaling pathways are often stimulated by plants after receiving drought stress signals via secondary messengers, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stress hormones. These signaling cascades often leads to stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rates. Reduced carbon dioxide diffusion in chloroplast, lowered efficacy of photosystems, and other metabolic constraints limits the key regulatory photosynthetic process during water deficit. The impact of these stomatal and nonstomatal limitations varies with stress intensity, superimposed stresses and plant species. A clear understanding of the drought resistance process is thus important before adopting strategies for imparting drought tolerance in plants. These management practices at present include exogenous hormone application, breeding, and genetic engineering techniques for combating the water deficit issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- PG Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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