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Hassa P, Traiperm P, Stewart AB. Compatibility systems and pollinator dependency in morning glory species (Convolvulaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:432. [PMID: 37715144 PMCID: PMC10503090 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Convolvulaceae is a large family containing species exhibiting a range of breeding systems and pollinated by diverse animal taxa. We studied the pollination ecology of 15 Convolvulaceae species, representing seven genera (Argyreia Lour., Camonea Raf., Evolvulus L., Hewittia Wight & Arn., Ipomoea L., Merremia Dennst. ex Endl., and Operculina Silva Manso), in northeastern Thailand, a family that is highly diverse yet understudied in the paleotropics. Specifically, we studied their compatibility systems and degrees of pollinator dependency using pollination experiments, examined pollinator composition and visitation rates using video observation, and determined if there is an association between pollinator visitation rates and degree of pollinator dependence. RESULTS Our results showed that most species are self-compatible, but the degree of pollinator dependence varies. Six species were found to be highly dependent on pollinators, as two are self-incompatible and four are self-compatible but had reduced seed set when pollinators were excluded, possibly due to herkogamy. Seven species showed low dependence on pollinators and seed set remained high when pollinators were excluded. Pollinator dependence was inconclusive for two species as seed set was low in all pollination treatments. We also found an association between pollinator visitation rates and degree of pollinator dependence. Specifically, species exhibiting high pollinator dependence received frequent visits from pollinators, while species exhibiting low pollinator dependence either received frequent visits from pollinators (and received high amounts of xenogamous pollen) or infrequent visits from pollinators (and received significantly lower amounts of xenogamous pollen). Most of our study species were primarily visited by bees (e.g., Lasioglossum, Amegilla, Apis, and meliponines), with the exception of one night-blooming species that was visited primarily by crepuscular butterflies and hawkmoths. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative findings of this study demonstrate how pollinator dependence is influenced by breeding system, and suggest that pollinator visitation is consistently high for species exhibiting high pollinator dependence but varies across species exhibiting low pollinator dependence. Our findings are also important for assessing the conservation risks of paleotropical Convolvulaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriya Hassa
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paweena Traiperm
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Alyssa B Stewart
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Ilves A, Kaljund K, Sild E, Münzbergová Z. High genetic variation of Trifolium alpestre at the northern margin: but for how long? CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reproductive Biology of Dry Grassland Specialist Ranunculus illyricus L. and Its Implications for Conservation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060873. [PMID: 35741394 PMCID: PMC9220104 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ranunculus illyricus—Illyrian buttercup—is threatened with extinction in many countries and measures should be taken to protect it. In order to increase the effectiveness of such measures, it is necessary to know the methods of propagation and to evaluate their efficiency. R. illyricus reproduces generatively by seed and vegetatively by clusters of progeny tubers. The method and potential of vegetative propagation are described here for the first time and compared with the potential and actual effectiveness of generative propagation. Both the generative and vegetative propagation methods should be used to strengthen existing populations and create replacements. Abstract Ranunculus illyricus, a component of xerothermic grasslands, is a declining species and deserves active conservation treatments in many countries preceded by studies on the biology of its reproduction. So far, our knowledge of R. illyricus, a species with two modes of reproduction, has been fragmentary. The purpose of the studies presented here was to describe the annual development cycle of R. illyricus with particular emphasis on the production of underground tuber clusters that serve as vegetative propagation. Based on three-year-long observations in an ex situ collection, the efficiency of vegetative propagation was estimated and compared with the efficiency of generative propagation. It was found that in 3 years the best clones could produce up to 57 progeny clusters followed by flowering specimens in the first season. Meanwhile, the high potential for generative reproduction was suppressed by many limitations including fruit setting, the germination capacity of seeds, seedling survival rate, and additionally, the first flowering plant was observed only in the third year. It seems that the efficiency of vegetative propagation of this species can be higher than the efficiency of generative propagation. Moreover, vegets bloomed in the first year after emergence, whereas the first plant of generative origin was observed to bloom only after 3 years. A large proportion of individuals of vegetative origin can negatively affect the genetic diversity of the population but their survival rate against competing plants is higher. To enhance the existing populations or to create new ones, it would be best to use plants derived from clonal propagation of genets carried out in ex situ conditions.
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Gavin‐Smyth N, Kramer AT, Urbina‐Casanova R, Vitt P, Fant JB. Genetic rescue reduces mate limitation in a threatened, clonal, and self‐incompatible plant species. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gavin‐Smyth
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 U.S.A
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 U.S.A
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
| | - Rafael Urbina‐Casanova
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 U.S.A
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
| | - Pati Vitt
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 U.S.A
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
- Lake County Forest Preserve District 1899 W. Winchester Road, Libertyville IL 60048 U.S.A
| | - Jeremie B. Fant
- Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 U.S.A
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
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5
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Rossetto M, Yap JYS, Lemmon J, Bain D, Bragg J, Hogbin P, Gallagher R, Rutherford S, Summerell B, Wilson TC. A conservation genomics workflow to guide practical management actions. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Understanding the genetic diversity of the guayabillo (Psidium galapageium), an endemic plant of the Galapagos Islands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Liu H, Xia M, Xiao Q, Fang J, Wang A, Chen S, Zhang D. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Linnaea borealis, a rare, clonal self-incompatible plant. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 5:200-201. [PMID: 33366486 PMCID: PMC7748684 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1698995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Linnaea borealis L. is a creeping shrub which grows about 5-10 cm high and is a rare clonal plant. Linnaea is a monotypic genus. Here, we release and detail the complete chloroplast genome sequences of L. borealis, whose size is 161,576 bp, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 85,609 bp and a single copy region (SSC) of 46,694 bp which typically separates by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 29,210 bp. The amount of the overall genes is 136, which includes 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and 91 protein-coding genes. The content of the G/C in whole plastome is 61.74% while the G/C content of the LSC, SSC, and IR region are 36.58%, 38.86%, and 42.25%, respectively. The complete cp genome sequences of L. borealis will be a useful resource to the phylogenetics study in family Caprifoliaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Mingze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Qingmeng Xiao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jie Fang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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AFLP markers show low levels of clonal propagation and high genotypic diversity in the rare, southernmost populations of Linnaea borealis L. (Caprifoliaceae) in the Western Alps. Genetica 2019; 147:79-90. [PMID: 30767171 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In plants, clonal propagation is a common reproductive strategy in parallel to sexual reproduction. It has both advantages and drawbacks, and the potential complete loss of sexual reproduction causes serious conservation concerns, especially because population maintenance then only relies on adult survival and low genetic diversity leads to decreased adaptive potential. We investigated the rare, southernmost populations of the mostly circumboreal twinflower Linnaea borealis, located in the Western Alps. Based on 105 AFLP markers and 118 leaf samples, including replicates, we estimated the genetic similarity threshold above which samples belong to a single clone. Although the species is known for extensive clonal propagation, we observed high genotypic diversity within the seven studied populations and almost all samples were genetically distinct. Nevertheless, some clonal samples were detected in two populations, separated by up to 180 m. We found a strong genetic differentiation among populations (overall Fst = 0.38), which was congruent with the previously documented high plastid diversity in the region. We therefore hypothesize that Alpine populations are relicts of the Quaternary glacial periods, when the species probably survived at these lower latitudes before colonizing Northern Europe. Regarding conservation, our results suggest that most extant plants result from sexual reproduction and that populations are not highly threatened. Nevertheless, since clones can be very long-lived and almost no seedlings were observed in recent years, events of sexual reproduction may be ancient. The current reproductive dynamics should therefore be studied to estimate e.g. pollinators activity, proportions of flowering plants, and seed set.
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Wang Z, Xie L, Prather CM, Guo H, Han G, Ma C. What drives the shift between sexual and clonal reproduction of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:91. [PMID: 29788911 PMCID: PMC5964679 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reasons that clonal plants shift between sexual and clonal reproduction have persisted as a knowledge gap in ecological literature. We hypothesized that clonal plants' shifts between sexual and clonal reproduction in different environments are driven by the relative costs of sexual and clonal reproduction. Moreover, we hypothesized plants prioritize sexual reproduction over clonal reproduction. To test these hypotheses, we determined the costs of sexual and clonal reproduction, and proportions of sexual and clonal reproduction of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient (semi-arid, arid, very arid and intensively arid zones) in the Inner Mongolia Steppe using several complementary field experiments. RESULTS The cost of sexual reproduction increased while the cost of clonal reproduction decreased as climatic drought stress increased from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones. The changes in the costs of these reproductive modes drove a shift in the reproductive mode of C. stenophylla from more sexual reproduction in the semi-arid zone to more clonal propagation in the intensively arid zone. However, because of the evolutionary advantages of sexual reproduction, sexual reproduction still held priority over clonal production in C. stenophylla, with the priority of sexual reproduction gradually increasing from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that sexual reproduction has relatively high priority in propagation of C. stenophylla. However, if the costs of sexual reproduction are too high, C. stenophylla likely chooses clonal reproduction, and the ratio between sexual and clonal reproduction could be mediated by reproductive cost. These reproductive strategies reflect optimal resource utilization, and allow the persistence of both reproductive modes across stressful conditions depending on their evolutionary advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Lina Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | | | - Hongyu Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Guodong Han
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Chengcang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
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Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) – plant species of potential medicinal properties. HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) is a widespread circumboreal plant species belonging to Linnaeaceae family (previously Caprifoliaceae). L. borealis commonly grows in taiga and tundra. In some countries in Europe, including Poland, twinflower is protected as a glacial relict. Chemical composition of this species is not well known, however in folk medicine of Scandinavian countries, L. borealis has a long tradition as a cure for skin diseases and rheumatism. It is suggested that twinflower has potential medicinal properties. The new study on lead secondary metabolites responsible for biological activity are necessary. This short review summarizes very sparse knowledge on twinflower: its biology, distribution, conservation status, chemical constituents, and describes the role of this plant in folk tradition of Scandinavian countries.
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Landrein S, Buerki S, Wang HF, Clarkson JJ. Untangling the reticulate history of species complexes and horticultural breeds in Abelia (Caprifoliaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:257-269. [PMID: 28334098 PMCID: PMC5737605 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The genetic and morphological consequences of natural selection and selective breeding are explored in the genus Abelia . The genus consists of ornamental shrubs endemic to China, which have been bred to create attractive and diverse cultivars. METHODS DNA fingerprinting (AFLP) and DNA sequence data are used to investigate the genetic diversity among 46 accessions of Abelia (22 natural taxa and 24 horticultural breeds). In the cultivated varieties these data are used to explore taxon boundaries, hybridisation and backcrossing. The genetic analysis dataset is also used to investigate morphological variation within natural species complexes and subsequently to inform a taxonomic treatment. KEY RESULTS Abelia comprises five species: A. forrestii , A. schumannii , A. macrotera , A. uniflora and A. chinensis and has a total of 11 varieties. Abelia uniflora and A. macrotera do not occur in sympatry and are disjunctly distributed to the east and west of the A. chinensis distribution range. Abelia chinensis is widespread in eastern China and creates hybrids and introgressive taxa, including A. uniflora , along the contact zones with the previous taxa. Abelia `Maurice Foster' is a horticultural variety collected from wild stocks in Sichuan (China). Bayesian clustering methods (inferred in STRUCTURE based on AFLP data) indicate admixture between A. macrotera and A. schumannii in this variety. Hybridization probably occurred in the wild where these progenitor taxa co-occur and naturally form hybrids. AFLP results also reveal that a few diagnostic morphological characters such as sepal number or inflorescence structure were transferred between natural species and this is mirrored by taxa such as in Abelia `Saxon Gold' and A. forrestii . CONCLUSIONS Studying both natural and cultivated species from the same group has helped understanding both differentiation mechanisms and how to improve cultivated plants in the future by studying which morphological characters are transferred between species and which taxa may already have arisen through hybridisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Landrein
- Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - James J. Clarkson
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
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Aronne G. Identification of Bottlenecks in the Plant Life Cycle for Sustainable Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Lin C, Miriti MN, Goodell K. Demographic consequences of greater clonal than sexual reproduction in Dicentra canadensis. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3871-83. [PMID: 27247759 PMCID: PMC4867665 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonality is a widespread life history trait in flowering plants that may be essential for population persistence, especially in environments where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. Frequent clonal reproduction, however, could hinder sexual reproduction by spatially aggregating ramets that compete with seedlings and reduce inter-genet pollination. Nevertheless, the role of clonality in relation to variable sexual reproduction in population dynamics is often overlooked. We combined population matrix models and pollination experiments to compare the demographic contributions of clonal and sexual reproduction in three Dicentra canadensis populations, one in a well-forested landscape and two in isolated forest remnants. We constructed stage-based transition matrices from 3 years of census data to evaluate annual population growth rates, λ. We used loop analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of different reproductive pathways to λ. Despite strong temporal and spatial variation in seed set, populations generally showed stable growth rates. Although we detected some pollen limitation of seed set, manipulative pollination treatments did not affect population growth rates. Clonal reproduction contributed significantly more than sexual reproduction to population growth in the forest remnants. Only at the well-forested site did sexual reproduction contribute as much as clonal reproduction to population growth. Flowering plants were more likely to transition to a smaller size class with reduced reproductive potential in the following year than similarly sized nonflowering plants, suggesting energy trade-offs between sexual and clonal reproduction at the individual level. Seed production had negligible effects on growth and tuber production of individual plants. Our results demonstrate that clonal reproduction is vital for population persistence in a system where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. The bias toward clonality may be driven by low fitness returns for resource investment in sexual reproduction at the individual level. However, chronic failure in sexual reproduction may exacerbate the imbalance between sexual and clonal reproduction and eventually lead to irreversible loss of sex in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hua Lin
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 West 12th AvenueColumbusOhio43210
- Present address: Department of EntomologyThe Ohio State University– Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center1680 Madison AvenueWoosterOhio44691
| | - Maria N. Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 West 12th AvenueColumbusOhio43210
| | - Karen Goodell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University1179 University DriveNewarkOhio43055
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Dering M, Chybicki IJ, Rączka G. Clonality as a driver of spatial genetic structure in populations of clonal tree species. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:731-745. [PMID: 26153428 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Random genetic drift, natural selection and restricted gene dispersal are basic factors of the spatial genetic structure (SGS) in plant populations. Clonal reproduction has a profound effect on population dynamics and genetic structure and thus emerges as a potential factor in contributing to and modelling SGS. In order to assess the impact of clonality on SGS we studied clonal structure and SGS in the population of Populus alba. Six hundred and seventy-two individuals were mapped and genotyped with 16 nuclear microsatellite markers. To answer the more general question regarding the relationship between SGS and clonality we used Sp statistics, which allows for comparisons of the extent of SGS among different studies, and the comparison of published data on SGS in clonal and non-clonal tree species. Sp statistic was extracted for 14 clonal and 27 non-clonal species belonging to 7 and 18 botanical families, respectively. Results of genetic investigations conducted in the population of P. alba showed over-domination of clonal reproduction, which resulted in very low clonal diversity (R = 0.12). Significant SGS was found at both ramet (Sp = 0.095) and genet level (Sp = 0.05) and clonal reproduction was indicated as an important but not sole driving factor of SGS. Within-population structure, probably due to family structure also contributed to high SGS. High mean dominance index (D = 0.82) indicated low intermingling among genets. Literature survey revealed that clonal tree species significantly differ from non-clonal species with respect to SGS, having 2.8-fold higher SGS. This led us to conclude that clonality is a life-history trait that can have deep impact on processes acting in populations of clonal tree species leading to significant SGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dering
- Laboratory of Systematics and Geography, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland,
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Bartlewicz J, Vandepitte K, Jacquemyn H, Honnay O. Population genetic diversity of the clonal self-incompatible herbaceous plantLinaria vulgarisalong an urbanization gradient. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Bartlewicz
- Biology Department; Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandepitte
- Biology Department; Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Biology Department; Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE-3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Biology Department; Plant Conservation and Population Biology; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE-3001 Heverlee Belgium
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Zhang AQ, Xiong YZ, Huang SQ. Maintenance of self-incompatibility in peripheral populations of a circumboreal woodland subshrub. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu063. [PMID: 25336338 PMCID: PMC4243073 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compared with self-incompatible (SI) species, species that shift to self-compatibility (SC) are more likely to colonize a new habitat. Self-incompatibility and fruit-set failure have been widely reported in European populations of Linnaea borealis (twinflower), whereas at the eastern margin of its North American distribution it showed potential SC. We investigated the breeding system of L. borealis in northwestern China, the eastern margin of the species' distribution in Eurasia. Pollinators, breeding system and pollen limitation were examined in a nature reserve with thousands of L. borealis individuals. To investigate whether fruit set was limited by mating opportunity, we compared fruit set in high-, medium- and low-density patches of L. borealis. To examine whether clonal reproduction resulted in higher fruit-set failure, we compared fruit set among different sizes of clonal ramets. Flies contributed most pollinator visits in the studied population. It was strictly SI and natural fruit set depended on insect visits. Patch density comparisons showed that L. borealis was not pollen limited in low-density patches that had significantly fewer flowers. However, it produced significantly fewer fruits per flower when clonal ramet size increased, suggesting that the high failure of fruit set in larger clones with more flowers may be caused by geitonogamy. Generalist pollinators and clonal reproduction may help L. borealis to colonize in marginal areas without the transition of the breeding system from SI to SC, but experiencing fruit-set failure resulting from geitonogamy within clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ying-Ze Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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17
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Kim ES, Zaya DN, Fant JB, Ashley MV. Genetic factors accelerate demographic decline in rare Asclepias species. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Thrall PH, Encinas-Viso F, Hoebee SE, Young AG. Life history mediates mate limitation and population viability in self-incompatible plant species. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:673-87. [PMID: 24683451 PMCID: PMC3967894 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically controlled self-incompatibility systems represent links between genetic diversity and plant demography with the potential to directly impact on population dynamics. We use an individual-based spatial simulation to investigate the demographic and genetic consequences of different self-incompatibility systems for plants that vary in reproductive capacity and lifespan. The results support the idea that, in the absence of inbreeding effects, populations of self-incompatible species will often be smaller and less viable than self-compatible species, particularly for shorter-lived organisms or where potential fecundity is low. At high ovule production and low mortality, self-incompatible and self-compatible species are demographically similar, thus self-incompatibility does not automatically lead to reduced mate availability or population viability. Overall, sporophytic codominant self-incompatibility was more limiting than gametophytic or sporophytic dominant systems, which generally behaved in a similar fashion. Under a narrow range of conditions, the sporophytic dominant system maintained marginally greater mate availability owing to the production of S locus homozygotes. While self-incompatibility reduces population size and persistence for a broad range of conditions, the actual number of S alleles, beyond that required for reproduction, is important for only a subset of life histories. For these situations, results suggest that addition of new S alleles may result in significant demographic rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Plant IndustryGPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Francisco Encinas-Viso
- CSIRO Plant IndustryGPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Susan E Hoebee
- Department of Botany, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew G Young
- CSIRO Plant IndustryGPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Černá L, Münzbergová Z. Comparative population dynamics of two closely related species differing in ploidy level. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75563. [PMID: 24116057 PMCID: PMC3792132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies compare the population dynamics of single species within multiple habitat types, while much less is known about the differences in population dynamics in closely related species in the same habitat. Additionally, comparisons of the effect of habitat types and species are largely missing. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We estimated the importance of the habitat type and species for population dynamics of plants. Specifically, we compared the dynamics of two closely related species, the allotetraploid species Anthericum liliago and the diploid species Anthericum ramosum, occurring in the same habitat type. We also compared the dynamics of A. ramosum in two contrasting habitats. We examined three populations per species and habitat type. The results showed that single life history traits as well as the mean population dynamics of A. liliago and A. ramosum from the same habitat type were more similar than the population dynamics of A. ramosum from the two contrasting habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that when transferring knowledge regarding population dynamics between populations, we need to take habitat conditions into account, as these conditions appear to be more important than the species involved (ploidy level). However, the two species differ significantly in their overall population growth rates, indicating that the ploidy level has an effect on species performance. In contrast to what has been suggested by previous studies, we observed a higher population growth rate in the diploid species. This is in agreement with the wider range of habitats occupied by the diploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Černá
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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20
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Vandepitte K, De Meyer T, Jacquemyn H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Honnay O. The impact of extensive clonal growth on fine-scale mating patterns: a full paternity analysis of a lily-of-the-valley population (Convallaria majalis). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:623-8. [PMID: 23439847 PMCID: PMC3605957 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The combination of clonality and a mating system promoting outcrossing is considered advantageous because outcrossing avoids the fitness costs of selfing within clones (geitonogamy) while clonality assures local persistence and increases floral display. The spatial spread of genetically identical plants (ramets) may, however, also decrease paternal diversity (the number of sires fertilizing a given dam) and fertility, particularly towards the centre of large clumped clones. This study aimed to quantify the impact of extensive clonal growth on fine-scale paternity patterns in a population of the allogamous Convallaria majalis. METHODS A full analysis of paternity was performed by genotyping all flowering individuals and all viable seeds produced during a single season using AFLP. Mating patterns were examined and the spatial position of ramets was related to the extent of multiple paternity, fruiting success and seed production. KEY RESULTS The overall outcrossing rate was high (91 %) and pollen flow into the population was considerable (27 %). Despite extensive clonal growth, multiple paternity was relatively common (the fraction of siblings sharing the same father was 0·53 within ramets). The diversity of offspring collected from reproductive ramets surrounded by genetically identical inflorescences was as high as among offspring collected from ramets surrounded by distinct genets. There was no significant relationship between the similarity of the pollen load received by two ramets and the distance between them. Neither the distance of ramets with respect to distinct genets nor the distance to the genet centre significantly affected fruiting success or seed production. CONCLUSIONS Random mating and considerable pollen inflow most probably implied that pollen dispersal distances were sufficiently high to mitigate local mate scarcity despite extensive clonal spread. The data provide no evidence for the intrusion of clonal growth on fine-scale plant mating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandepitte
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Mathematical Modelling, Statistics & Bioinformatics Department, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent. Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit – Growth and Development, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research ILVO, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Aavik T, Holderegger R, Edwards PJ, Billeter R. Patterns of contemporary gene flow suggest low functional connectivity of grasslands in a fragmented agricultural landscape. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Tartu; Lai 40 Tartu 51005 Estonia
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute; Zürcherstrasse 111 Birmensdorf CH-8903 Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Regula Billeter
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
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Tepedino VJ. Overestimating population sizes of rare clonal plants. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:945-947. [PMID: 22830959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V J Tepedino
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Holt RD, Barfield M. Theoretical perspectives on the statics and dynamics of species' borders in patchy environments. Am Nat 2011; 178 Suppl 1:S6-25. [PMID: 21956092 PMCID: PMC5014989 DOI: 10.1086/661784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding range limits is a fundamental problem in ecology and evolutionary biology. In 1963, Mayr argued that "contaminating" gene flow from central populations constrained adaptation in marginal populations, preventing range expansion, while in 1984, Bradshaw suggested that absence of genetic variation prevented species from occurring everywhere. Understanding stability of range boundaries requires unraveling the interplay of demography, gene flow, and evolution of populations in concrete landscape settings. We walk through a set of interrelated spatial scenarios that illustrate interesting complexities of this interplay. To motivate our individual-based model results, we consider a hypothetical zooplankter in a landscape of discrete water bodies coupled by dispersal. We examine how patterns of dispersal influence adaptation in sink habitats where conditions are outside the species' niche. The likelihood of observing niche evolution (and thus range expansion) over any given timescale depends on (1) the degree of initial maladaptation; (2) pattern (pulsed vs. continuous, uni- vs. bidirectional), timing (juvenile vs. adult), and rate of dispersal (and hence population size); (3) mutation rate; (4) sexuality; and (5) the degree of heterogeneity in the occupied range. We also show how the genetic architecture of polygenic adaptation is influenced by the interplay of selection and dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Holt
- Department of Biology, PO Box 118525, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Beatty GE, Provan J. High clonal diversity in threatened peripheral populations of the yellow bird's nest (Hypopitys monotropa; syn. Monotropa hypopitys). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:663-70. [PMID: 21257715 PMCID: PMC3064538 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripheral populations of plant species are often characterized by low levels of genetic diversity as a result of genetic drift, restricted gene flow, inbreeding and asexual reproduction. These effects can be exacerbated where range-edge populations are fragmented. The main aim of the present study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity in remnant populations of Hypopitys monotropa (syn. Monotropa hypopitys; yellow bird's nest) at the edge of the species' European range in Northern Ireland, since these remnant populations are small and highly fragmented. METHODS Every plant found through surveys of 21 extant populations was genotyped for eight microsatellite loci to estimate levels and patterns of genetic diversity and clonality. KEY RESULTS Levels of genetic diversity were relatively high in the populations studied, and the incidence of clonal reproduction was generally low, with a mean of only 14·45 % of clonal individuals. Clones were small and highly spatially structured. Levels of inbreeding, however, were high. CONCLUSIONS The observed low levels of clonality suggest that the majority of genets in the populations of H. monotropa studied are fertile and that reproduction is predominantly sexual. As the species is highly self-compatible, it is likely that the high levels of inbreeding observed in the populations in the present study are the result of self-pollination, particularly given the small numbers of individuals in most of the patches. Given this extent of inbreeding, further genetic monitoring would be advisable to ensure that genetic diversity is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Provan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Schleuning M, Templin M, Huamán V, Vadillo GP, Becker T, Durka W, Fischer M, Matthies D. Effects of Inbreeding, Outbreeding, and Supplemental Pollen on the Reproduction of a Hummingbird-pollinated Clonal Amazonian Herb. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lo EYY, Stefanovic S, Ritland K, Dickinson TA. Fine-scale comparisons of genetic variability in seed families of asexually and sexually reproducing Crataegus (hawthorn; Rosaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1014-24. [PMID: 21622471 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive system is one of the key mechanisms that determine genetic diversity at different biological levels. However, few attempts have been made to assess the consequences of asexual reproduction by comparing genetic structure and fecundity of seed families in asexually and sexually reproducing individuals. We have examined two similar hawthorn species, Crataegus crus-galli and C. punctata, that differ in ploidy level and breeding system. Fecundity (per-fruit seed set) and microsatellite genotypes for five loci were determined in 18 and 26 seed families of C. crus-galli and C. punctata (totals of 83 and 118 embryos), respectively. Compared with the sexual diploid C. punctata, tetraploid C. crus-galli shows similar fecundity, but lower genotypic diversity within and between seed families. Reproduction in the tetraploid, while predominantly apomictic, is nevertheless accompanied by outcrossing and selfing. We conclude that in C. crus-galli pollen flow between conspecific individuals is limited, and the combination of pollen fertility, self-compatibility, and pseudogamous apomixis provides reproductive assurance in these tetraploids. Reproductive assurance, in turn, may explain the derived floral architecture seen in most North American tetraploid hawthorns. We also discuss analytical approaches for inferring mating-system parameters in tetraploids and for comparing microsatellite variation across ploidy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Y Y Lo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA
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Vandepitte K, Roldán-Ruiz I, Jacquemyn H, Honnay O. Extremely low genotypic diversity and sexual reproduction in isolated populations of the self-incompatible lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) and the role of the local forest environment. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 105:769-776. [PMID: 20228091 PMCID: PMC2859916 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clonal growth is a common phenomenon in plants and allows them to persist when sexual life-cycle completion is impeded. Very low levels of recruitment from seed will ultimately result in low levels of genotypic diversity. The situation can be expected to be exacerbated in spatially isolated populations of obligated allogamous species, as low genotypic diversities will result in low availability of compatible genotypes and low reproductive success. Populations of the self-incompatible forest herb lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) were studied with the aim of inferring the relative importance of sexual and asexual recruitment. Then the aim was to establish a relationship between genotypic diversity, sexual reproduction and the local forest environment. METHODS Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to investigate clonal diversities and population genetic structure of 20 populations of C. majalis in central Belgium. KEY RESULTS Most of the populations studied consisted of a single genotype and linkage disequilibrium within populations was high, manifesting clonal growth as the main mode of reproduction. A population consisting of multiple genotypes mainly occurred in locations with a thin litter layer and high soil phosphorus levels, suggesting environment-mediated sporadic recruitment from seed. Highly significant genetic differentiation indicated that populations are reproductively isolated. In agreement with the self-incompatibility of C. majalis, monoclonal populations showed very low or even absent fruit set. CONCLUSIONS Lack of sexual recruitment in spatially isolated C. majalis populations has resulted in almost monoclonal populations with reduced or absent sexual reproduction, potentially constraining their long-term persistence. The local forest environment may play an important role in mediating sexual recruitment in clonal forest plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandepitte
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Vaughton G, Ramsey M. Pollinator-mediated selfing erodes the flexibility of the best-of-both-worlds mating strategy in Bulbine vagans. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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