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Thripob P, Fortunel C, Réjou‐Méchain M, Nathalang A, Chanthorn W. Size‐dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharapan Thripob
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP Université de Montpellier CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, 04318 Leipzig Germany
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Effects of Habitat Filtering on Tree Growth and Mortality across Life Stages in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A demographic (growth and mortality) trade-off plays a central role in the assembly and dynamics of ecological communities and contributes to tree species’ coexistence. On the basis of field investigation data from the 2010 and 2015 censuses, we evaluated the degrees to which the relative growth rate (RGR) and mortality rate (MR) of saplings and large trees were related to habitat filtering for temperate tree species from a 9 ha forest dynamics plot. The results showed that the relationship between RGR and MR was stronger in saplings than that in large trees. In saplings, the total P (TP) and organic C (OC) of the soil had a significantly positive correlation with RGR. In large trees, volumetric water content had a significantly negative correlation with RGR. In saplings, the bulk density and available P had a significantly positive correlation with MR. In large trees, MR showed a significantly negative correlation with aspect and a significantly positive correlation with TP and OC. Principal component analysis showed that species–habitat association status significantly affected the demographic parameters. A linear regression analysis revealed that the process of habitat filtering contributed to the ontogenetic variation that controlled RGR and MR as the community transitioned from saplings to large trees. Moreover, water availability for large trees played a key role in this process in an old-growth temperate forest.
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A global database of woody tissue carbon concentrations. Sci Data 2022. [PMCID: PMC9184483 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody tissue carbon (C) concentration is a key wood trait necessary for accurately estimating forest C stocks and fluxes, which also varies widely across species and biomes. However, coarse approximations of woody tissue C (e.g., 50%) remain commonplace in forest C estimation and reporting protocols, despite leading to substantial errors in forest C estimates. Here, we describe the Global Woody Tissue Carbon Concentration Database (GLOWCAD): a database containing 3,676 individual records of woody tissue C concentrations from 864 tree species. Woody tissue C concentration data—i.e., the mass of C per unit dry mass—were obtained from live and dead woody tissues from 130 peer-reviewed sources published between 1980–2020. Auxiliary data for each observation include tissue type, as well as decay class and size characteristics for dead wood. In GLOWCAD, 1,242 data points are associated with geographic coordinates, and are therefore presented alongside 46 standardized bioclimatic variables extracted from climate databases. GLOWCAD represents the largest available woody tissue C concentration database, and informs studies on forest C estimation, as well as analyses evaluating the extent, causes, and consequences of inter- and intraspecific variation in wood chemical traits. Measurement(s) | wood carbon concentrations | Technology Type(s) | elemental analyzer | Factor Type(s) | species | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Plant | Sample Characteristic - Environment | terrestrial biome | Sample Characteristic - Location | Globe |
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Variation in Carbon Content among the Major Tree Species in Hemiboreal Forests in Latvia. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to estimate the variation in non-volatile carbon (C) content in different above- and belowground tree parts (stem, living branches, dead branches, stumps, coarse roots and small roots) and to develop country-specific weighted mean C content values for the major tree species in hemiboreal forests in Latvia: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), birch spp. (Betula spp.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.). In total, 372 sample trees from 124 forest stands were selected and destructively sampled. As the tree samples were pre-treated by oven-drying before elemental analysis, the results of this study represent the non-volatile C fraction. Our findings indicate a significant variation in C content among the tree parts and studied species with a range of 504.6 ± 3.4 g·kg−1 (European aspen, coarse roots) to 550.6 ± 2.4 g·kg−1 (Scots pine, dead branches). The weighted mean C content values for whole trees ranged from 509.0 ± 1.6 g·kg−1 for European aspen to 533.2 ± 1.6 g·kg−1 for Scots pine. Only in Norway spruce was the whole tree C content significantly influenced by tree age and size. Our analysis revealed that the use of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default C content values recommended for temperate and boreal ecological zones leads to a 5.1% underestimation of C stock in living tree biomass in Latvia’s forests. Thus, the country-specific weighted mean C content values for major tree species we provide may improve the accuracy of National Greenhouse Gas Inventory estimates.
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Iida Y, Swenson NG. Towards linking species traits to demography and assembly in diverse tree communities: Revisiting the importance of size and allocation. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Iida
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
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Jagels R, Equiza MA, Maguire DA, Cirelli D. Do tall tree species have higher relative stiffness than shorter species? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1617-1630. [PMID: 30299545 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY In 1757 Leonhard Euler demonstrated that to avoid bending tall columns needed to be stiffer but not stronger than shorter columns of equal diameter and material density. Many researchers have concluded that trees have a fixed stiffness to basic density ratio, and therefore, trees adjust for increasing height by adding mass to adjust stem form. But the wood science literature points to considerable variance in stiffness with respect to green wood density. METHODS Using the vast global repository of green wood mechanical properties, we compared relative stiffness and relative strength between taller and shorter species. For North American trees, we examined stem moisture distribution. KEY RESULTS For all regions of the world, taller species on average possessed greater stiffness, but not strength, than shorter species of equal basic specific gravity. We looked for a possible universal mechanism that might allow taller tree species to adjust stiffness without affecting xylem specific gravity and concluded that the evidence points to a decrease in cellulose microfibril angle in structural cell walls combined with possible increases in holocellulose percentage. The evidence is strongest for conifers. We also showed that tall conifers have the ability to adjust the distribution of xylem moisture to maximize conduction while minimizing column load. CONCLUSIONS Our research reveals that taller trees have developed internal stem adjustments to minimize diameter increase while attaining ever-greater heights, thus enabling these taller species to reduce energy expended on biomass accumulation while gaining greater access to solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jagels
- University of Maine, School of Forest Resources, Orono, Maine, 04469-5755, USA
| | - Maria A Equiza
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Douglas A Maguire
- Oregon State University, Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Damian Cirelli
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2R3, Canada
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Variation in Carbon Fraction, Density, and Carbon Density in Conifer Tree Tissues. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed variations in three tree properties: tissue density, carbon fraction, and carbon density within bole tissues of nine Californian conifer species. Model performance for all three tree properties was significantly improved with the addition of covariates related to crown characteristics and position within the tree. This suggests that biomass and carbon mass estimates that rely on fixed wood density and carbon fraction may be inaccurate across tree sizes. We found a significant negative relationship between tissue density and carbon fraction within tree bole tissues, indicating that multiplying biomass by an average carbon fraction to obtain carbon mass is likely to lead to inaccurate estimates. Measured carbon fractions in tree tissues deviated from the widely used 0.5 value from a low of 1.4% to a high of 17.6%. Carbon fraction model parameters indicate the potential for an additional deviation from this 0.5 value of up to 2.7% due to the interaction between relative height and wood density. Applying measured carbon fractions to whole bole biomasses resulted in carbon mass estimates as much as 10.6% greater than estimates derived using the 0.5 value. We also found a significant, though modest, improvement in carbon fraction model estimates by assigning trees to groups based on tree bark characteristics.
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Green PT, Harms KE. The causes of disproportionate non-random mortality among life-cycle stages. Ecology 2017; 99:36-46. [PMID: 28977684 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emergent properties of the collection of species in a natural community, such as diversity and the distribution of relative abundances, are influenced by both niche-based and neutral (stochastic) processes. This pluralistic view of the natural world reconciles theory with empirical observations better than does either a strictly niche- or neutrality-based perspective. Even so, rules (or rules of thumb) that govern the relative contributions that niche-based and stochastic processes make as communities assemble remain only vaguely formulated and incompletely tested. For example, the translation of non-random (non-neutral) ecological processes, which differentially sort among species within a community, into species-compositional patterns may occur more influentially within some demographic subsets of organisms than within others. In other words, the relative contributions of niche vs. neutral processes may vary among age-, size-, or stage-classes. For example, non-random patterns of mortality that occur among seedlings in a rain forest, or among newly settled juveniles in communities of sessile marine communities, could be more influential than non-random mortality during later stages in determining overall community diversity. We propose two alternative, mutually compatible, hypotheses to account for different levels of influence from mortality among life-cycle stages toward producing non-random patterns in organismal communities. The Turnover Model simply posits that those demographic classes characterized by faster rates of turnover contribute greater influence in the short-term as sufficient mortality gives rise to non-random changes to the community, as well as over the longer-term as multiple individuals of a given fast-turnover demographic class transition into later classes compared to each individual that ratchets from a slow-turnover starting class into a later class. The Turnover Model should apply to most communities of organisms. The Niche Model, which posits that niche-based processes are more influential in some demographic classes relative to others, may alternatively or additionally apply to communities. We also propose several alternative mechanisms, especially relevant to forest trees, that could cause dynamics consistent with the Niche Model. These mechanisms depend on differences among demographic classes in the extent of demographic variation that individual organisms experience through their trait values or neighborhood conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Green
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kyle E Harms
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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Martin AR, Erickson DL, Kress WJ, Thomas SC. Wood nitrogen concentrations in tropical trees: phylogenetic patterns and ecological correlates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:484-495. [PMID: 25046797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In tropical and temperate trees, wood chemical traits are hypothesized to covary with species' life-history strategy along a 'wood economics spectrum' (WES), but evidence supporting these expected patterns remains scarce. Due to its role in nutrient storage, we hypothesize that wood nitrogen (N) concentration will covary along the WES, being higher in slow-growing species with high wood density (WD), and lower in fast-growing species with low WD. In order to test this hypothesis we quantified wood N concentrations in 59 Panamanian hardwood species, and used this dataset to examine ecological correlates and phylogenetic patterns of wood N. Wood N varied > 14-fold among species between 0.04 and 0.59%; closely related species were more similar in wood N than expected by chance. Wood N was positively correlated with WD, and negatively correlated with log-transformed relative growth rates, although these relationships were relatively weak. We found evidence for co-evolution between wood N and both WD and log-transformed mortality rates. Our study provides evidence that wood N covaries with tree life-history parameters, and that these patterns consistently co-evolve in tropical hardwoods. These results provide some support for the hypothesized WES, and suggest that wood is an increasingly important N pool through tropical forest succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Martin
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - David L Erickson
- Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B3, Canada
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Plourde BT, Boukili VK, Chazdon RL. Radial changes in wood specific gravity of tropical trees: inter‐ and intraspecific variation during secondary succession. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Plourde
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Vanessa K. Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
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