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Abdullah ATM, Sayka MI, Rahman MM, Sharif M, Khan TA, Jahan S, Mazumdar RM, Uddin MN, Hoque MM. Tea ( Camellia sinensis) cultivated in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh: Unveiling the variability of methylxanthine, bioactive phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28760. [PMID: 38601675 PMCID: PMC11004530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage known for its numerous health benefits, largely attributed to its rich content of quality determining secondary metabolites such as methylxanthine compounds and bioactive phenolic compounds. The goal of this study was to find out variations of the levels of methylxanthines, bioactive phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in methanolic and hot water extracts of 129 tea samples grown in three different ecological regions of Bangladesh named Panchagar, Sylhet, and Chattogram. Methylxanthine and bioactive phenolic compounds were determined by using HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant profile was analysed by UV-vis spectrophotometric methods for methanol and hot water extracts of tea leaves. The IC50 values showed the trend as Panchagar > Sylhet > Chattogram and Sylhet > Chattogram > Panchagar for water and methanol extract, respectively. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) variations in the levels of methylxanthines content: Panchagar > Chattogram > Sylhet. Caffeine was significantly higher (103.02 ± 5.55 mg/g of dry extract) in the methanolic extract of tea leaves of Panchagar district and lower (53.33 ± 4.30 mg/g of dry extract) in the hot water extract of Sylhet district. Panchagar and Chattogram possessed significantly (p < 0.05) higher catechin content for methanol (57.01 ± 5.50 mg/g dry extract) and hot water (55.23 ± 4.11 mg/g dry extract) extracts, respectively. The utilization of canonical discriminant functions yielded highly favorable outcomes in the classification of tea from three distinct cultivation origins in Bangladesh, relying on their inherent features. This study demonstrated the potential effects of geographical variations on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of tea, emphasizing the importance of regional differences in tea cultivation for optimizing its health benefits as well as dispersing tea cultivation across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Tareq Mohammad Abdullah
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Ibrahim Sayka
- Department of Food Engineering & Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Miskat Sharif
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzir Ahmed Khan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Jahan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Reaz Mohammad Mazumdar
- Pilot Plant and Process Development Centre (PP & PDC), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nashir Uddin
- BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mozammel Hoque
- Department of Food Engineering & Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Huang Y, Liu H, Guo X, Jiao W. The Perception of the National Traceability Platform among Small-Scale Tea Farmers in Typical Agricultural Areas in Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16280. [PMID: 36498350 PMCID: PMC9738394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the key technologies to ensure the safety of agricultural products, the national traceability platform is being widely promoted in China. However, it has not yet been widely adopted among farmers, especially small-scale farmers. Farmers are both producers and direct participants in the traceability of agricultural products. Their perception directly affects the effectiveness of the promotion of the national traceability platform. This study explores the perception of the national traceability platform among small-scale tea farmers in typical agricultural areas in central China. This research employed Q methodology, an approach that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data allowing individuals' subjective understandings of a specific topic to be studied. The Q-sort procedure was performed in the field with 16 small-scale tea farmers. Next, Q-factor analyses were conducted using the Ken-Q analysis. The results show that small-scale tea farmers have different perceptions of the national traceability platform. Their main characteristics are active participation, resistant participation, risk aversion, and being driven by pressure. These four categories covered 52% of the perceived variance. Meanwhile, there is also a degree of internal consistency in the perception of small-scale tea farmers. Specifically, they are all concerned that participating in the national traceability platform may increase the cost and risk of cultivation and that it is difficult to obtain support from agricultural technicians. Therefore, understanding the perceptions of tea farmers of the national traceability platform is the premise for formulating effective promotion policies. Our research sheds light on the decision-making mechanisms for small-scale tea farmers to participate in national traceability platforms, further expanding the scope of current research on farmer behavior. This research has reference significance for promoting national traceability platforms in China and other countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Huang
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Guo
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Wenxian Jiao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Zhang Q, Bi G, Li T, Wang Q, Xing Z, LeCompte J, Harkess RL. Color Shade Nets Affect Plant Growth and Seasonal Leaf Quality of Camellia sinensis Grown in Mississippi, the United States. Front Nutr 2022; 9:786421. [PMID: 35187030 PMCID: PMC8847693 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.786421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shading modifies the microenvironment and can provide plants with some protection from frequent heat, drought, frost, and hail induced by climate change and has the potential to improve plant growth, yield, and quality. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an ancient plant originating from tropical and subtropical regions and prefers to grow in partial shade under the forest canopy. The emerging tea industry in the United States (US) requires research support on establishing tea fields in novel environmental conditions as well as on producing high-quality tea products. This study investigated the effects of black, blue, and red shade nets on tea plant growth and seasonal leaf qualities in the southeastern US with a humid subtropical climate. When compared to no-shade control, black, blue, and red shade nets increased plant growth index (PGI), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (gs), decreased air and leaf surface temperatures in summer, and reduced cold damage in winter. No significant difference was found among the black, blue, and red shade nets on tea plant growth. Varying contents of total polyphenols, carbohydrates, free amino acids, L-theanine, gallic acid, caffeine, and catechins in fresh tea leaves were observed among different shade treatments and harvesting seasons. 69.58% of the variations were depicted in a biplot by principal component analysis. Red shade was considered helpful for improving green tea quality by increasing the content of L-theanine and free amino acids in tea leaves collected in spring and fall when compared to no-shade control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Guihong Bi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Guihong Bi
| | - Tongyin Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Qiushuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Xing
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Judson LeCompte
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Richard L. Harkess
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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Ahmed S, Brinkley S, Smith E, Sela A, Theisen M, Thibodeau C, Warne T, Anderson E, Van Dusen N, Giuliano P, Ionescu KE, Cash SB. Climate Change and Coffee Quality: Systematic Review on the Effects of Environmental and Management Variation on Secondary Metabolites and Sensory Attributes of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708013. [PMID: 34691093 PMCID: PMC8531415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is impacting crop performance and agricultural systems around the world with implications for farmers and consumers. We carried out a systematic review to synthesize evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors associated with climate change and management conditions associated with climate adaptation on the crop quality of a culturally-relevant perennial crop, coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora). Seventy-three articles were identified that addressed the study's research question including 42 articles on environmental factors, 20 articles on management conditions, and 11 articles on both. While variation was found between studies, findings highlight that coffee quality is vulnerable to changes in light exposure, altitude, water stress, temperature, carbon dioxide, and nutrient management. Both increases as well as decreases were found in secondary metabolites and sensory attributes that determine coffee quality in response to shifts in environmental and management conditions. The most consistent evidence identified through this systematic review includes the following two trends: (1) increased altitude is associated with improved sensory attributes of coffee and; (2) increased light exposure is associated with decreased sensory attributes of coffee. Research gaps were found regarding the effects of shifts in carbon dioxide, water stress, and temperature on the directionality (increase, decrease, or non-linear) of coffee quality and how this varies with location, elevation, and management conditions. This systematic review further identified the following research needs: (1) long-term studies that examine the interactive effects of multiple environmental factors and management conditions on coffee quality; (2) studies that examine the interaction between sensory attributes and secondary metabolites that determine coffee quality and; (3) studies on the feasibility of various climate-adaptation strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change on coffee quality. Evidence-based innovations are needed to mitigate climate impacts on coffee quality toward enhanced sustainability and resilience of the coffee sector from farm to cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Sarah Brinkley
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Center for Coffee Research and Education, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Erin Smith
- Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Ariella Sela
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mitchell Theisen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cyrena Thibodeau
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Teresa Warne
- Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Giuliano
- Specialty Coffee Association, Santa Ana, CA, United States
- Coffee Science Foundation, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean B. Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Jayasinghe SL, Kumar L, Kaliyadasa E. The future of high-quality Ceylon tea seems bleak in the face of climate change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1629-1646. [PMID: 33782787 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactive effects and relationships between biochemical elements of tea leaves and the related factors, particularly climatic, cultivar, and geographic, is key for high-quality Ceylon tea production. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of season × cultivar × agro-ecological regions (AERs) on the four tested biochemicals in fresh tea leaves, total polyphenol content (TPC), free sugar, protein, and theanine; (2) determine the relationships between, and develop a model to estimate, the biochemicals and their related factors; and (3) project the potential concentrations and distributions of four tested biochemicals in tea leaves with respect to the current and future climate. This study primarily uses inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), cross-validation using R software, and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach in ArcGIS. The results demonstrate that the season, cultivar (Ceylon tea cultivars of TRI 2025 and TRI 4053), and AER and their interactions on biochemicals have significant effects (p < 0.05). The models derived in the regression analysis demonstrate the strong relationships between the independent variables and the biochemicals, with multiple correlation coefficients (R) around 0.8 and coefficient of determination (R2) around 0.6. The low standard deviation of error of prediction (SDEP < 0.1) and the high correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (Q2) for all four biochemicals ranged from 0.56 to 0.61, which signifies the predictive ability of the models. The future projections show a considerable increase in the thresholds of all tested biochemicals. The distribution category with 'very high' concentrations of TPC and theanine is predicted to increase in the future by averages of 10% and 14%, respectively, while reducing the classes of protein and free sugar by 14% and 12%, respectively. Overall, the changing concentrations of the thresholds of relevant biochemicals and their distribution will negatively affect the final quality of tea, and these variations indicate that climate change has started to diminish Ceylon tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeka Layomi Jayasinghe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lalit Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Ewon Kaliyadasa
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
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Hazra A, Saha S, Dasgupta N, Kumar R, Sengupta C, Das S. Ecophysiological traits differentially modulate secondary metabolite accumulation and antioxidant properties of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2795. [PMID: 33531611 PMCID: PMC7854609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the diverse growing habitats, ecophysiology might have a regulatory impact on characteristic chemical components of tea plant. This study aimed to explore natural variations in the ecophysiological traits within seasons and the corresponding multifaceted biochemical responses given by the gene pool of 22 tea cultivars. Leaf temperature and intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), which varies as a function of transpiration and net photosynthesis respectively, have significant impact on the biochemical traits of the leaf. Occurrence of H2O2, in leaves, was associated to Ci that in turn influenced the lipid peroxidation. With the increment of Ci, total phenolics, epicatechin gallate (ECG), reducing power, and radical scavenging activity is lowered but total catechin and non-gallylated catechin derivatives (e.g. epicatechin or EC, epigallocatechin or EGC) are elevated. Leaf temperature is concomitantly associated (p ≤ 0.01) with phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, tannin content, reducing power, iron chelation and free radical scavenging activities. Increased phenolic concentration in leaf cells, conceivably inhibit photosynthesis and moreover, gallic acid, thereafter conjugated to catechin derivatives. This study shed light on the fundamental information regarding ecophysiological impact on the quality determining biochemical characteristics of tea, which on further validation, might ascertain the genotype selection paradigm toward climate smart cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Hazra
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Shrutakirti Saha
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Nirjhar Dasgupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, 700114, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Darjeeling Tea Research and Development Center, Kurseong, West Bengal, 734203, India
| | - Chandan Sengupta
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sauren Das
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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Climate and Processing Effects on Tea ( Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102447. [PMID: 32456315 PMCID: PMC7288030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied an untargeted–targeted (UT) fingerprinting approach, based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature (both seasonal and elevational) on the tea metabolome. By this strategy, the same compound found in multiple samples need only to be identified once, since chromatograms and mass spectral features are aligned in the data analysis process. Primary and specialized metabolites of leaves from two Chinese provinces, Yunnan (pu′erh) and Fujian (oolong), and a farm in South Carolina (USA, black tea) were studied. UT fingerprinting provided insight into plant metabolism activation/inhibition, taste and trigeminal sensations, and antioxidant properties, not easily attained by other analytical approaches. For example, pu′erh and oolong contained higher relative amounts of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Conversely, black tea contained less of all targeted compounds except fructose and glucose, which were more similar to oolong tea. Findings revealed compounds statistically different between spring (pre-monsoon) and summer (monsoon) in pu′erh and oolong teas as well as compounds that exhibited the greatest variability due to seasonal and elevational differences. The UT fingerprinting approach offered unique insights into how differences in growing conditions and commercial processing affect the nutritional benefits and sensory characteristics of tea beverages.
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Relationship between Environmental Covariates and Ceylon Tea Cultivation in Sri Lanka. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
How the current distribution of tea cultivation is influenced by specific environmental conditions in Sri Lanka is yet to be explored. Therefore, this study aims to assess the differences between tea and non-tea growing areas with respect to climatic and topographic covariates, and to determine the major covariates that control tea distributions. Climatic data of temperature and rainfall were extracted from WorldClim-Global Climate Data; the elevation, slopes, and aspects were obtained from Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data; and the solar radiation data was computed using a clear-sky solar radiation model. Random points were created on rasterised environmental layers for tea-growing and non-tea growing areas, stratified into low, mid, and high regions, using ArcGIS version 10.4.1 (Environmental Systems Research Institute: ESRI Redlands, CA, USA).Correlations were derived between covariates and tea and non-tea growing areas. According to the logistic regression analysis, there was no significant influence of the south-west, west, and north-west aspect compared to the north aspect when all other covariates were held constant. The odds ratio indicated that an area with a one-unit higher solar radiation was 1.453 times more likely to be a tea growing area. Similarly, a per unit increase in slope increases the likelihood of an area being suitable for tea cultivation by 1.039 times. When the annual mean temperature increased, the suitability of tea cultivation decreased, but an increased rainfall had increased the suitability of an area for tea cultivation. Areas with a north facing slope had the highest suitability for tea cultivation. This research demonstrated that tea growing could be expanded into a variety of locations as long as these variables are either found or managed in order to obtain the critical levels. In addition, it is proposed that the results of this study could be utilised in the assessment of the climate or/and land suitability for tea.
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Zhang Q, Li T, Wang Q, LeCompte J, Harkess RL, Bi G. Screening Tea Cultivars for Novel Climates: Plant Growth and Leaf Quality of Camellia sinensis Cultivars Grown in Mississippi, United States. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:280. [PMID: 32231677 PMCID: PMC7083152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) consumed over 80 billion servings of tea, approximately 3.8 billion gallons, in the year of 2018. With the vast majority of tea demand being met by importation, the United States became the third largest tea importer worldwide after Russia and Pakistan. As demand for domestically produced tea increases and growers expressing increasing interest in growing and producing tea, tea production became an emerging industry in the United States. Compared to major tea producing countries with centuries of growing history, tea production in the United States is limited and requires research support in many aspect of tea production including selecting suitable cultivars adapted to local climatic conditions. This study evaluated nine tea cultivars, including 'BL1,' 'BL2,' 'Black Sea,' 'Christine's Choice,' 'Dave's Fave,' 'Large Leaf,' 'Small Leaf,' 'Sochi,' and 'var. assamica,' for plant growth, leaf morphological characteristics, cold tolerance, and leaf biochemical compositions when grown in Mississippi United States with a subtropical climate. The nine tested cultivars had varying plant growth indices (PGI) and varying degrees of cold tolerance to freezing temperatures in winter, but resumed healthy growth the following spring. 'BL2' showed the highest PGI of 104.53 cm by February 2019, which might be helpful toward suppressing weed and early establishment of tea plantation. The nine cultivars also showed varying leaf characteristics in terms of leaf length, width, area, fresh and dry weights, and new shoot weight. There existed a diversity in leaf biochemical composition including soluble solids, carbohydrates, total polyphenols (TP), free amino acids (AA), L-theanine and caffeine among the nine cultivars and among different harvesting seasons of spring, summer, and fall within a certain cultivar. The nine cultivars in this study generally grow well in local environment. All tea samples collected from nine cultivars and three seasons were considered suitable for green tea processing with low TP/AA ratios ranging from 1.72 to 3.71 in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Tongyin Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Qiushuang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judson LeCompte
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Richard L. Harkess
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Guihong Bi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Guihong Bi,
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Ahmed S, Griffin TS, Kraner D, Schaffner MK, Sharma D, Hazel M, Leitch AR, Orians CM, Han W, Stepp JR, Robbat A, Matyas C, Long C, Xue D, Houser RF, Cash SB. Environmental Factors Variably Impact Tea Secondary Metabolites in the Context of Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:939. [PMID: 31475018 PMCID: PMC6702324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is impacting food and beverage crops around the world with implications for environmental and human well-being. While numerous studies have examined climate change effects on crop yields, relatively few studies have examined effects on crop quality (concentrations of nutrients, minerals, and secondary metabolites). This review article employs a culturally relevant beverage crop, tea (Camelia sinensis), as a lens to examine environmental effects linked to climate change on the directionality of crop quality. Our systematic review identified 86 articles as relevant to the review question. Findings provide evidence that shifts in seasonality, water stress, geography, light factors, altitude, herbivory and microbes, temperature, and soil factors that are linked to climate change can result in both increases and decreases up to 50% in secondary metabolites. A gap was found regarding evidence on the direct effects of carbon dioxide on tea quality, highlighting a critical research area for future study. While this systematic review provides evidence that multiple environmental parameters are impacting tea quality, the directionality and magnitude of these impacts is not clear with contradictory evidence between studies likely due to confounding factors including variation in tea variety, cultivar, specific environmental and agricultural management conditions, and differences in research methods. The environmental factors with the most consistent evidence in this systematic review were seasonality and water stress with 14 out of 18 studies (78%) demonstrating a decrease in concentrations of phenolic compounds or their bioactivity with a seasonal shift from the spring and /or first tea harvest to other seasons and seven out of 10 studies (70%) showing an increase in levels of phenolic compounds or their bioactivity with drought stress. Herbivory and soil fertility were two of the variables that showed the greatest contradictory evidence on tea quality. Both herbivory and soil fertility are variables which farmers have the greatest control over, pointing to the importance of agricultural management for climate mitigation and adaptation. The development of evidence-based management strategies and crop breeding programs for resilient cultivars are called for to mitigate climate impacts on crop quality and overall risk in agricultural and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Timothy S. Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Debra Kraner
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - M. Katherine Schaffner
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Matthew Hazel
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia R. Leitch
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Colin M. Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Wenyan Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Corene Matyas
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Robert F. Houser
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean B. Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Jan S, Mir JI, Singh DB, Faktoo SZ, Sharma A, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Effect of environmental variables on phytonutrients of Origanum vulgare L. in the sub-humid region of the northwestern Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:571. [PMID: 30187208 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological and soil physiochemical parameters impact the crop quality and development. In spite of the huge commercial prospective, the phytonutrient and chemometric profiles of Himalayan oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) have not been evaluated, and their relationships with ecological parameters are still lacking. The objective of this research study was to evaluate the disparity in the phytonutrient profiles of different ecotypes of O. vulgare in wild and cultivated populations and determine whether such variation was related to the diverse climatic and edaphic conditions prevailing in the northwestern Himalayas. Micrometeorological, atomic absorption spectroscopy for micro-elemental analysis was determined for soil. HPLC was used to determine the disparity in phytonutrient (quercetin, betacarotene, ascorbic acid, and catechin) and phytochemical (arbutin) levels. Cultivated populations had lower phytonutrient levels than wild populations. The habitat exhibiting pH values ranging from 6 to 7 elevated organic carbon (2.42%), nitrogen (97.41 kg ha-1), and manganese (10-12 μg g-1) and zinc contents (0.39-0.50%) show luxirant growth of Origanum vulgarel. The phytonutrient (quercetin, betacarotene, ascorbic acid, arbutin, and catechin) levels had a direct relationship with UV-B flux (r2 = 0.82) and potassium (r2 = 0.97). Wild accessions predominantly contained catechin and ascorbic acid, with maximum values of 163.8 and 46.88 μg g-1, respectively, while the cultivated accessions had the highest level of arbutin (53.42 μg g-1). Maximum variation was observed in quercetin (114.61%) followed by β-carotene (87.53%). Cultivated accessions had less quercetin (0.04-1.25 μg g-1) than wild accessions (1.25-2.87 μg g-1). Wild accessions had higher phytonutrient values for catechin, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid while cultivated accessions had maximum values for arbutin. The correlation of environmental variables with phytonutrient levels paves the way for metabolomic-guided enhancement of agricultural practices for better herb quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Jan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Javid Iqbal Mir
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Desh Beer Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shafia Zaffar Faktoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anil Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Air Field, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Nassar Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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12
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Schaeffer RN, Wang Z, Thornber CS, Preisser EL, Orians CM. Two invasive herbivores on a shared host: patterns and consequences of phytohormone induction. Oecologia 2018; 186:973-982. [PMID: 29362885 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced changes in host quality mediate indirect interactions between herbivores. The nature of these indirect interactions can vary depending on the identity of herbivores involved, species-specific induction of defense-signaling pathways, and sequence of attack. However, our understanding of the role of these signaling pathways in the success of multiple exotic herbivores is less known. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is attacked by two invasive herbivores [elongate hemlock scale (EHS; Fiorinia externa) and hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae)] throughout much of its range, but prior attack by EHS is known to deter HWA. The potential role of phytohormones in this interaction is poorly understood. We measured endogenous levels of phytohormones in eastern hemlock in response to attack by these invasive herbivores. We also used exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a salicylic acid (SA) pathway elicitor, to test the hypothesis that defense-signaling phytohormones typically induced by herbivores could deter HWA. Resistance to adelgid attack was assessed using a behavioral assay. Adelgid feeding significantly elevated both abscisic acid (ABA) and SA in local tissues, while EHS feeding had no detectable effect on either phytohormone. HWA progrediens and sistens crawlers preferred to settle on ASM-treated foliage. In contrast, HWA crawlers actively avoided settlement on MJ-treated foliage. We suggest that induction of ABA- and SA-signaling pathways, in concert with defense-signaling interference, may aid HWA invasion success, and that defense-signaling interference, induced by exotic competitors, may mediate resistance of native hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. .,Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Carol S Thornber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Colin M Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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13
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Global Warming and Tea Production—The Bibliometric View on a Newly Emerging Research Topic. CLIMATE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cli5030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Robbat A, Kfoury N, Baydakov E, Gankin Y. Optimizing targeted/untargeted metabolomics by automating gas chromatography/mass spectrometry workflows. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1505:96-105. [PMID: 28533028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New database building and MS subtraction algorithms have been developed for automated, sequential two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-GC/MS). This paper reports the first use of a database building tool, with full mass spectrum subtraction, that does not rely on high resolution MS data. The software was used to automatically inspect GC-GC/MS data of high elevation tea from Yunnan, China, to build a database of 350 target compounds. The database was then used with spectral deconvolution to identify 285 compounds by GC/MS of the same tea. Targeted analysis of low elevation tea by GC/MS resulted in the detection of 275 compounds. Non-targeted analysis, using MS subtraction, yielded an additional eight metabolites, unique to low elevation tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, United States.
| | - Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA, 02155, United States
| | - Eugene Baydakov
- EPAM Systems, 41 University Drive, Newtown, PA 18940, United States
| | - Yuriy Gankin
- EPAM Systems, 41 University Drive, Newtown, PA 18940, United States
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15
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Association between Empirically Estimated Monsoon Dynamics and Other Weather Factors and Historical Tea Yields in China: Results from a Yield Response Model. CLIMATE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cli4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Radafshar G, Ghotbizadeh M, Saadat F, Mirfarhadi N. Effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) mouthwash containing 1% tannin on dental plaque and chronic gingivitis: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golpar Radafshar
- Dental Sciences Research Center; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht Iran
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht Iran
| | - Mahshid Ghotbizadeh
- Dental Sciences Research Center; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht Iran
| | - Farshid Saadat
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rahst Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rahst Iran
| | - Nastaran Mirfarhadi
- Dental Sciences Research Center; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht Iran
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17
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Xue H, Li S, Chang J. Combining ecosystem service relationships and DPSIR framework to manage multiple ecosystem services. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:117. [PMID: 25690608 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem service (ES) relationship occurs due to two types of mechanisms: (1) interact directly or (2) interact through the impact of a shared factor. Identifying such mechanisms behind ES relationship within a single land-use/land-cover category and combining it with a system thinking framework is especially necessary for effective decision-making to manage multiple ESs generated by this land-use/land-cover. In this study, we use tea plantations in China to investigate mechanisms behind ES relationships. We find that tea production is positively correlated with four regulating services (i.e., carbon sequestration, soil N protection, soil P protection, and water conservation). Several regulating services, such as carbon sequestration and soil N, P, and K protection, have positive correlations with each other. Tea production, carbon sequestration, and soil retention are significantly correlated with local annual mean temperature and precipitation. We then establish driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework for tea plantations, which has been widely used for environmental management issues. Integrating our findings of ES relationship into DPSIR framework, we can estimate how ES change is responding to two types of responses: response to control drivers and response to maintain or restore state. Scenario analysis showed that the responses to control drivers have a larger impact on ES. We discuss that DPSIR would favor managing multiple ES because it enables a more precise understanding of how ES interacts through the effects of factors from various hierarchies. Finally, we suggest integrating ES direct interaction into DPSIR framework. We think such integration could improve the ability of DPSIR framework to support decision-making in multiple ES management, specifically in at least three aspects: (1) favor to identify all possible response alternatives, (2) enable us to evaluate ES which cannot be assessed if without such combining, and (3) help to identify ecological leverage points where small management investment can yield substantial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ahmed S, Stepp JR, Orians C, Griffin T, Matyas C, Robbat A, Cash S, Xue D, Long C, Unachukwu U, Buckley S, Small D, Kennelly E. Effects of extreme climate events on tea (Camellia sinensis) functional quality validate indigenous farmer knowledge and sensory preferences in tropical China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109126. [PMID: 25286362 PMCID: PMC4186830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is impacting agro-ecosystems, crops, and farmer livelihoods in communities worldwide. While it is well understood that more frequent and intense climate events in many areas are resulting in a decline in crop yields, the impact on crop quality is less acknowledged, yet it is critical for food systems that benefit both farmers and consumers through high-quality products. This study examines tea (Camellia sinensis; Theaceae), the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, as a study system to measure effects of seasonal precipitation variability on crop functional quality and associated farmer knowledge, preferences, and livelihoods. Sampling was conducted in a major tea producing area of China during an extreme drought through the onset of the East Asian Monsoon in order to capture effects of extreme climate events that are likely to become more frequent with climate change. Compared to the spring drought, tea growth during the monsoon period was up to 50% higher. Concurrently, concentrations of catechin and methylxanthine secondary metabolites, major compounds that determine tea functional quality, were up to 50% lower during the monsoon while total phenolic concentrations and antioxidant activity increased. The inverse relationship between tea growth and concentrations of individual secondary metabolites suggests a dilution effect of precipitation on tea quality. The decrease in concentrations of tea secondary metabolites was accompanied by reduced farmer preference on the basis of sensory characteristics as well as a decline of up to 50% in household income from tea sales. Farmer surveys indicate a high degree of agreement regarding climate patterns and the effects of precipitation on tea yields and quality. Extrapolating findings from this seasonal study to long-term climate scenario projections suggests that farmers and consumers face variable implications with forecasted precipitation scenarios and calls for research on management practices to facilitate climate adaptation for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - John Richard Stepp
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Anthropology, University of Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Colin Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corene Matyas
- Department of Geography, University of Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarabeth Buckley
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Small
- School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
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