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West RE, Oberly PJ, Riddler SA, Nolin TD, Devanathan AS. Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify antiretroviral drug concentrations in human plasma for therapeutic monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115932. [PMID: 38198884 PMCID: PMC10922569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. ART previously consisted of concomitant administration of many drugs, multiple times per day. Currently, ART generally consists of two- or three-drug regimens once daily as fixed-dose combinations. Drug monitoring may be necessary to ensure adequate concentrations are achieved in the plasma over the dosing interval and prevent further HIV resistance formation. Additionally, nonadherence remains an issue, highlighting the need to ensure sufficient ART exposure. Towards this effort, we developed and validated a highly selective ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of a panel of nine antiretrovirals: abacavir, bictegravir, cabotegravir, dolutegravir, doravirine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, raltegravir, and tenofovir in human plasma. Using only 50 µL of plasma, a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile with internal standards followed by reconstitution in 50 uL (high) or 400 uL (low) was performed. Analyte separation was achieved using a multistep UPLC gradient mixture of (A: 0.1% formic acid in water and B: acetonitrile) and a Waters CORTECS T3 (2.1 ×100 mm) column. The method was comprehensively validated according to the United States Food and Drug Administration Bioanalytical Guidelines over two clinically relevant ranges (1-250 ng/mL and 100-5000 ng/mL) with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99 for all). The assay run time was 7.5 min. This method achieves acceptable performance of trueness (89.7-104.1%), repeatability, and precision (CV <15%), and allows for simultaneous quantification of guideline-recommended ART regimens. This method can be utilized for the therapeutic monitoring of antiretrovirals in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E West
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Oberly
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sharon A Riddler
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron S Devanathan
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy & Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kusnirikova ZK, Kacirova I, Pesakova V, Hradilek P, Brozmanova H, Grundmann M. Serum teriflunomide concentrations in routine multiple sclerosis therapy: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Neurol Sci 2024; 458:122910. [PMID: 38309248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teriflunomide is administered orally to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In this prospective pilot study, the free and total serum concentrations of teriflunomide obtained during routine health care were measured and their relationship with disease activity was evaluated. METHODS Eighty-nine patients were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from April 2021 to February 2022, and free and total teriflunomide serum concentrations were measured. Patient assessment involved monitoring of blood counts and potential adverse effects of teriflunomide. RESULTS In the steady-state group, total teriflunomide concentrations ranged from 14.7 to 144.2 mg/L, while free concentrations from 31.1 to 389.7 μg/L. In the non-steady-state group, the total concentration ranged from 2.2 to 59.3 mg/L, with free concentrations ranging from 6.8 to 143.5 μg/L. In the steady-state group, a significant inverse correlation was found between absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte count and both total and free teriflunomide serum concentrations. CONCLUSION Although all patients were treated with the same dose, up to a 10-fold difference in total and free teriflunomide serum concentrations, and up to a 5-fold difference in steady-state trough concentrations were observed. This vast interindividual variability can potentially lead to toxicity or, conversely, to suboptimal therapeutic concentrations of teriflunomide, with the risk of further worsening of multiple sclerosis compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krska Kusnirikova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Department of Children Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Kacirova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Pesakova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Hradilek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Brozmanova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Grundmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 70852, Czech Republic.
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Wagner JJ, Edwards-Callaway LN, Engle TE. Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants: Confinement Feedlot. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:505-516. [PMID: 37455235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace minerals and vitamins are essential for optimizing feedlot cattle growth, health, and carcass characteristics. Understanding factors that influence trace mineral and vitamin absorption and metabolism is important when formulating feedlot cattle diets. Current feedlot industry supplementation practices typically exceed published trace mineral requirements by a factor of 2 to 4. Therefore, the intent of this review is to briefly discuss the functions of trace minerals and vitamins that are typically supplemented in feedlot diets and to examine the impact of dose of trace mineral or vitamin on growth performance, health, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Wagner
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lily N Edwards-Callaway
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Terry E Engle
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Aryal S, Poudel A, Kafle K, Aryal LN. Insecticidal toxicity of essential oil of Nepalese Acorus calamus (Acorales:Acoraceae) against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22130. [PMID: 38045125 PMCID: PMC10692820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) is an economic stored grain pest that causes significant damage to various stored products, including maize (Zea mays). In this study, we extracted essential oil from the rhizome of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) (Acorales:Acoraceae) by hydro-distillation and tested insecticidal property of the oil at 7 concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125, 0.15625 and control) against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) at the National Entomology Research Center, Nepal Agricultural Research Council in the year 2020/2021. Three different experiments were conducted: scintillating vial bioassay, repellency test, and exposing weevils to oil treated maize grains. Scintillating vial bioassay showed that higher the concentration of essential oil, lower the time required to cause 50 % maize weevil mortality. Median lethal concentration (LC50) at 3 and 24 h was calculated as 2.29 and 0.16 % of oil concentration in scintillating vial bioassay. When oil is treated to maize grain, LC50 for 10 and 16 days was calculated as 2.77 and 0.23 % of oil concentrations. In the same way, at 10 % concentration maize weevil showed highest repellent activity (98.75 %) as compared to 5, 2.5 and 1.25 % concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Weight loss and grain damage were significantly less in the oil treatments than the control. However, from the perspective of health benefits, Acorus calamus treated maize is still questionable for feed and food purpose. As β asarone has carcinogenic effects at certain level, it needs further residue tests of treated maize to know allowable maximum residue limit (MRL) before consumption as food or feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Aryal
- Horticulture Research Station, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal
| | - Ashmita Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kapil Kafle
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lok Nath Aryal
- Horticulture Research Station, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal
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Abstract
The plant proliferation is linked with auxins which in turn play a pivotal role in the rate of growth. Also, auxin concentrations could provide insights into the age, stress, and events leading to flowering and fruiting in the sessile plant kingdom. The role in rejuvenation and plasticity is now evidenced. Interest in plant auxins spans many decades, information from different plant families for auxin concentrations, transcriptional, and epigenetic evidences for gene regulation is evaluated here, for getting an insight into pattern of auxin biosynthesis. This biosynthesis takes place via an tryptophan-independent and tryptophan-dependent pathway. The independent pathway initiated before the tryptophan (trp) production involves indole as the primary substrate. On the other hand, the trp-dependent IAA pathway passes through the indole pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and indole acetamide (IAM) pathways. Investigations on trp-dependent pathways involved mutants, namely yucca (1-11), taa1, nit1, cyp79b and cyp79b2, vt2 and crd, and independent mutants of tryptophan, ins are compiled here. The auxin conjugates of the IAA amide and ester-linked mutant gh3, iar, ilr, ill, iamt1, ugt, and dao are remarkable and could facilitate the assimilation of auxins. Efforts are made herein to provide an up-to-date detailed information about biosynthesis leading to plant sustenance. The vast information about auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis is consolidated in this review with a simplified model of auxin biosynthesis with keys and clues for important missing links since auxins can enable the plants to proliferate and override the environmental influence and needs to be probed for applications in sustainable agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Puducherry, India
| | - Lata Israni Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
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Al-Sayaad Y, Nadeem M, Achou L, Almamari K, Altabeeb M, Doghmane A. Analytical study to effects on reflection coefficient of Ti-Mn alloys at increasing concentration Mn element in the dental implants application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105920. [PMID: 37229921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the trace elements in the human body, The titanium-manganese (TiMn) alloys have been used in some applications as well. The TiMn alloys with various manganese contents ranging from 2 to 12 wt % were prepared by using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques (Sibum, 2003). This paper investigated the effects of increasing manganese content in the Ti. Concentrations of Mn (2 wt % to 12 wt %) in titanium influence the reflection coefficients and acoustic signatures of Ti-Mn alloys by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) technique, was determined by The oscillatory behavior, The spectral treatment of these signatures, via fast Fourier transform. Correspond to longitudinal and Rayleigh relations depend on Mn Concentrations, was Concluded that Mn Concentrations (from 2 wt % To 12 wt %) increase with increasing Bulk physical properties and Acoustic wave velocities (AWV) as Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, Bulk modulus, Longitudinal Velocity, Transverse Velocity, and Rayleigh Velocity were (from 105 To 122)Gpa, (from 39.6 To 45.9)Gpa, (from 103 To 119.6)Gpa, (from 4862 To 6183) ms1, (from 2450 To 3115)ms-1and (from 1658 To 2064)ms-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Al-Sayaad
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Zabid- Hodeidah, Hodeidah University, Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, 4113 Doryhemi Street, Yemen.
| | - M Nadeem
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qujing Normal University, 655011, Qujing, China.
| | - L Achou
- Département de Matériaux et Composant, Faculté de Physique, Université des Science et de La Technolgie Houari- Boumediene (USTHB), B.P. 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algies, Algeria
| | - K Almamari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education Hodeidah, Hodeidah University Al Ḩudaydah, Yemen
| | - M Altabeeb
- Faculty of Dentistry Hodeidah, Hodeidah University Al Ḩudaydah, Yemen
| | - A Doghmane
- Laboratoire des Semi-Conductors, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji-Mokhtar, BP 12, Annaba, DZ-23000, Algeria
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Guo M, Wu F, Geng Q, Wu H, Song Z, Zheng G, Peng J, Zhao X, Tan Z. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic products from the Yellow-Bohai Sea coasts, China: Concentrations and profiles across species and regions. Environ Pollut 2023; 327:121514. [PMID: 36990342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants capable of harming human health, primarily via ingesting aquatic products. The current study monitored a survey of 23 PFASs in 1049 aquatic products from the coasts of the Yellow-Bohai Sea in China to comprehensively investigate the concentrations and distributions of PFASs. PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFOSA, and PFUdA were more predominantly and frequently detected than other PFASs in all samples, dominating PFAS patterns in aquatic products. The mean levels of ∑PFASs in different species followed the order: marine shellfish > marine crustaceans > fish > cephalopods > sea cucumber. Profiles of PFASs differ between species, suggesting species-specific accumulation plays a role. Various aquatic species are potential environmental bioindicators that signal individual PFAS contamination. For instance, clams can act as a potential PFOA bioindicator. High ∑PFAS levels in some sites (such as Binzhou, Dongying, Cangzhou, and Weifang) could be attributed to industrial activities involving fluoropolymer manufacture. The differences between PFAS concentrations and profiles in aquatic products across the study regions have been proposed as PFAS fingerprints of the Yellow-Bohai Sea coasts. Analyses of principal components and Spearman correlations indicated that the precursor biodegradation possibly contribute to C8-C10 PFCAs in the study samples. This study reported a wide presence of PFASs in different species of aquatic products across the Yellow-Bohai Sea coasts. The potential health risks that PFASs pose in certain species (such as marine shellfish and marine crustaceans) should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiling Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Guanchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Li X, Li B, Yang Y, Hu L, Chen D, Hu X, Feng R, Fang X. Characteristics and source apportionment of some halocarbons in Hangzhou, eastern China during 2021. Sci Total Environ 2023; 865:160894. [PMID: 36563752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, eastern China has been identified as an important contributor to national and global emissions of halocarbons, some of which are ozone depletion substances (ODSs) that delay the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, the most recent characteristics and sources of halocarbons in eastern China remain unclear. Thus, hourly atmospheric observations of halocarbons were conducted in Hangzhou throughout 2021. The results showed that methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) was the most abundant halocarbon (2207 (25 %-75 % quantile: 1116-2848) ppt; parts per trillion) followed by chloromethane (CH3Cl) (912 (683-1043) ppt), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl) (596 (292-763) ppt). Then, backward trajectory and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis show that the emission hot spots of halocarbons were concentrated in adjacent cities in Zhejiang and neighboring provinces in eastern China. Moreover, based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, industrial emission (38.7 %), solvent usage (32.6 %), and the refrigeration sector and biomass burning (23.7 %) were the main sources of halocarbons (observed in this study). This study reveals high concentrations and potential sources of halocarbons in eastern China, which are important for studying the recovery of the ozone layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Bowei Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Liting Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Di Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Chang CC, Hsu CC, Yu TH, Hung WC, Kuo SM, Chen CC, Wu CC, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Wei CT. Plasma levels and tissue expression of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in patients with breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 36800961 PMCID: PMC9938596 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is widely expressed in hepatocytes and plays a role in lipid metabolism. It has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in different types of cancer; however, few studies have investigated the association between L-FABP and breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the association between plasma concentrations of L-FABP in breast cancer patients and the expression of L-FABP in breast cancer tissue. METHOD A total of 196 patients with breast cancer and 57 age-matched control subjects were studied. Plasma L-FABP concentrations were measured using ELISA in both groups. The expression of L-FABP in breast cancer tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULT The patients had higher plasma L-FABP levels than the controls (7.6 ng/mL (interquartile range 5.2-12.1) vs. 6.3 ng/mL (interquartile range 5.3-8.5), p = 0.008). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an independent association between L-FABP and breast cancer, even after adjusting for known biomarkers. Moreover, the rates of pathologic stage T2+T3+T4, clinical stage III, positive HER-2 receptor status, and negative estrogen receptor status were significantly higher in the patients with an L-FABP level greater than the median. Furthermore, the L-FABP level gradually increased with the increasing stage. In addition, L-FABP was detected in the cytoplasm, nuclear, or both cytoplasm and nuclear of all breast cancer tissue examined, not in the normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Plasma L-FABP levels were significantly higher in the patients with breast cancer than in the controls. In addition, L-FABP was expressed in breast cancer tissue, which suggests that L-FABP may be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Chang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,Health Examination Center, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80794 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Ting Wei
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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Liu Y, Jin T, Yu S, Chu H. Pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in road dust in Ma'anshan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:43726-43739. [PMID: 36662435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Road dust contains various heavy metals, which are re-suspension in the air under the action of wind and other external forces, threatening people's health all the time. Road dust was collected in the industrial heavy traffic area (IHT), non-industrial heavy traffic area (HT), urban area (UA), and study recreation area (SR) of Ma'anshan. The pollution degree of heavy metals in the four areas was calculated and demonstrated IHT > HT > UA > SR. In addition to the Ni (24.24 mg kg-1)metals, the metals concentrations of Cr (74.14 mg kg-1), Cu (91.8 mg kg-1), Zn (393.03 mg kg-1), Cd (9.93 mg kg-1), and Pb (72.85 mg kg-1) were all higher than the local soil background values. Cu comes from traffic emissions, Pb, Cd, and Zn mainly come from industrial emissions, as well as traffic emissions. While Cr and Ni mainly come from industrial emissions and local soil re-suspension. The non-carcinogenic risk of each heavy metal to children is 10 times higher than that of adults. Among them, the non-carcinogenic risk of Cr, Cd, and Pb to children is close to 1, so great attention should be paid to it. According to the study of enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Cd is extremely polluted and it is imperative to reduce Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuihua Yu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Nataraj B, Hemalatha D, Malafaia G, Maharajan K, Ramesh M. "Fishcide" effect of the fungicide difenoconazole in freshwater fish (Labeo rohita): A multi-endpoint approach. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159425. [PMID: 36244480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is widely used to protect crops, fruits, and vegetables. However, this fungicide can enter aquatic environments and cause harmful effects to non-target organisms and induce little-known biological disorders. Thus, aiming to expand our knowledge about the ecotoxicity of difenoconazole on freshwater ichthyofauna, we aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of difenoconazole and evaluate its possible impacts from different toxicity biomarkers, using freshwater fish Labeo rohita as a model system. Using the probit analysis method, the 96 h LC50 value of difenoconazole in the fish was calculated as 4.5 mg L-1. Posteriorly, fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.45 mg L-1 1/10th and 0.9 mg L-1 1/5th LC50 value) for 21 days. A significant reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was noted in the gill, liver, and kidneys of fish compared to the control groups. The level of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was higher in all vital tissues of difenoconazole-treated fish. Histological alterations in the gill include epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and epithelial necrosis. At the same time, the liver showed pyknotic nucleus, vacuolation, cellular edema and tubular necrosis, shrinkage of glomeruli, vacuolation, and pyknotic nuclei in the kidney. DNA damage was increased significantly with tail formation based on the concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, our study confirms that the exposure of L. rohita to difenoconazole induces negative biological consequences and sheds light on the danger of this fungicide for freshwater fish species. We believe that studies like ours can support actions and strategies for the remediation/mitigation of aquatic pollution by difenoconazole and for the conservation of freshwater ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Devan Hemalatha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kannan Maharajan
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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Wang T, Liu J, Wang S, Jin L, Lin M, Ou S. Enhancement of the wettability of a coal seam during water injection: effect and mechanism of surfactant concentrations above the CMC. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023. [PMID: 36600158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper determines the optimal surfactant concentration for enhancing coal's wettability and explores the wetting mechanism at surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) during coal seam water injection. In this study, laboratory experiments and field tests were used to investigate the influence of monomeric surfactants and compound surfactants at various concentrations on coal's wettability. The results showed that when the surfactant solution concentration was greater than the CMC, the coal's wettability was significantly enhanced as the surfactant concentration increased. However, the coal's wettability did not monotonically increase with the concentration, and the maximum value was reached in the range of 0.5-3 wt.%. Increasing the surfactant adsorption density and changing the adsorption state on the coal surface were the essential reasons surfactants continued improving the coal's wettability at concentrations above the CMC. The Marangoni flow effect and changes in the viscosity of the surfactant solution with concentration were also important factors that affected the coal's wettability.
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Chen L, Mao X, Li Z, Pan Y, Cao M, Zhang X, Wang P, Liang Y, Zhang Q. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans and mercury in vegetable of the contaminated Ya-Er Lake area: Concentrations, sources, and health risk. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114374. [PMID: 36508824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ya-Er Lake is a seriously polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) and mercury (Hg)-contaminated lake by pesticide and chlor-alkali plants in China. The oxidation pond method has been conducted to control pollution, moreover, the contaminated sediment was dredged and stacked, becoming a sediment stack yard for vegetable cultivation. To assess effects of oxidation pond method and dredging programme on pollution management and long-term risks of PCDD/Fs and Hg, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs, total Hg (THg), and methylmercury (MeHg) in soil and vegetable sampled from the sediment stack yard were measured and analyzed. Significantly positive relationships between concentrations of PCDD/Fs (p < 0.01), THg, and MeHg (p < 0.05) in edible parts of vegetable and soil were found, suggesting that bioaccumulation from contaminated soil derived from sediment dredging is important sources of PCDD/Fs and Hg in vegetable. Much higher PCDD/Fs (12 ± 9 pg/g dw) and Hg (THg, 0.14 ± 0.23 μg/g dw; MeHg,12.63 ± 13.31 ng/g dw) levels in vegetable were found compared with those from other contaminated regions, indicative of serious PCDD/Fs and Hg pollution in vegetable harvested from contaminated soil. Finally, the calculated provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values showed higher health risk of PCDD/Fs and Hg exposure to local residents through consumption of purple and white flowering stalk, and oilseed rape. Our study established a good model to evaluate the long-term risks of PCDD/Fs and Hg. Moreover, the results indicate that the oxidation pond method and dredging programme were not effective to remove PCDD/Fs and Hg in sediment, which shed new light on management strategy of PCDD/Fs and Hg pollution in contaminated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Yang M, Mao H, Li H, Yang F, Cao F. Quantifying Concentrations and Emissions of Hexachlorobutadiene - A New Atmospheric Persistent Organic Pollutant in northern China. Environ Res 2023; 216:114139. [PMID: 36084678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was listed as a new persistent organic pollutant for global regulation under Stockholm Convention in 2015, and there has been scarce information on its atmospheric concentrations, distributions, and emission sources. HCBD air samples were collected and analyzed to characterize concentrations and distributions at high elevation and urban sites as well as emission source locations in Northern China. We found ambient concentrations of HCBD in Northern China averaged at 34 ± 16 and 36 ± 28 pptv at urban sites in Jinan and Tai'an, respectively, and 31 ± 21 pptv at a high-elevation site Mount Tai. HCBD concentrations at the high elevation and urban sites were found to be affected by long-range transport under the influence of the East Asian monsoon climate. Over potential sources areas, we found concentrations of 76 ± 33 pptv in a mixed factory park, 59 ± 21 pptv in a rubber plant and 74 ± 8 pptv in a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill area, which were all several times higher than in urban sites. The large concentration gradient across the various environments revealed strong emission sources of HCBD, especially over MSW landfill and Cl-compound production and application areas. An emission rate of 9.2 × 104 kg/yr and an oxidation rate of 32.9 kg/yr for HCBD were estimated for the mixed factory park. OH and Cl are much more active in reaction with HCBD than other oxidants in the atmosphere. Dry deposition and oxidation removed about 5.3% and 0.04%, respectively, of the emitted, suggesting that ∼95% of the emitted HCBD remaining in the atmosphere and could be transported for redistribution. Our findings revealed significant emission sources of HCBD in northern China, which was in turn affected by major sources in East-central China. The regional influence of HCBD pollution warrants serious concerns and points to the need to develop mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250101, China
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Lyu Y, Li G, He Y, Li Y, Tang Z. Occurrence and distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and plants from a typical industrial area in South China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157383. [PMID: 35843326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) have attracted increasing concern due to their ubiquity, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, available information on their occurrence and transfer in terrestrial environment is still extremely insufficient. In this study, we investigated twelve UVAs in the soils and five terrestrial plant species from a typical industrial area in South China, and found their total concentrations were 5.87-76.1 (median 13.1) and 17.9-269 (median 82.9) ng/g dry weight, respectively. Homosalate was dominant in soils while benzophenone and octrizole were predominant in plants, likely due to their complex sources and bioaccumulation preferences. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were further evaluated based on the ratios of UVA concentrations in plants and soils. The observed BAFs of UVAs were compound and species-specific, and most of them were much >1.0, indicating the chemicals could be transferred from soils to plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of organic UVAs in field soil-plant systems, providing information that may improve our understanding of the bioaccumulability of these chemicals in terrestrial environment and the associated risks. More studies are needed to investigate the transfer and bioaccumulation of such chemicals in soils and terrestrial biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guanghui Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Chen H, Chai M, Cheng J, Wang Y, Tang Z. Occurrence and health implications of heavy metals in preschool children's clothing manufactured in four Asian regions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114121. [PMID: 36179449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Clothing may be a potential contributor to body metal burden in children. However, available information on heavy metals in children's clothing is extremely limited and the associated health risks remain poorly understood. This study investigated the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, Cr, As, Cu and Ni in new preschool children's clothing manufactured in four Asian regions. The children's clothing had higher levels of Ni and Cr but lower levels of Pb and Cd in comparison to the concentrations reported in other textile products. The concentrations of Cd were higher in the black clothing than those in the white and color samples. The non-cotton samples contained higher Co concentrations. The Pb concentrations in the samples manufactured in China were significantly higher than those in the other three regions. We estimated the dermal exposure doses for these metals and calculated the associated risks. The results indicated that the health risks from exposure to these metals in the children's clothing were acceptable. However, more research is required to investigate heavy metals and the associated risks in child clothing due to the increasing complexity of their materials and manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Miao Chai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Testing Co., Ltd, Jinan 250013, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yuwen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Jingmen Vocational College, Jingmen 448000, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Kacirova I, Grundmann M, Brozmanova H. Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in mothers, colostrum, and breastfed newborns: Comparison with concentrations determined during delivery and in the mature milk period. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113176. [PMID: 35623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain information on the transport of carbamazepine and its active metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide from mother to colostrum and breastfed newborns. METHODS In this cohort study, carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in maternal serum (162 women), milk (i.e., colostrum) and breastfed newborn serum were analysed between the 1st and 5th days after delivery from November 1990 to February 2021. The measured concentrations were compared with the delivery and mature milk periods. The effect of the combination with both enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid was also evaluated. RESULTS Carbamazepine concentrations varied from 1.0 to 11.2 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-4.4 mg/L) in maternal serum, from 0.5 to 6.8 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-2.4 mg/L) in milk and from 0.5 to 4.7 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-1.7 mg/L) in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.45 (epoxide 0.71), the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.20 (epoxide 0.41), and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.38 (epoxide 0.50). A highly significant correlation was found between the milk and maternal serum concentrations of both carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide and between the milk and newborn serum concentrations of carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS In the serum of breastfed newborns, only one concentration of carbamazepine reached the reference range used for the general epileptic population, and more than half was below the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations is not required in breastfed newborns. However, observation of newborns is desirable, and if signs of potential adverse reactions are noted, the serum concentrations in newborns should be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kacirova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Grundmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Brozmanova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 700 30 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Han Y, Cheng J, An D, He Y, Tang Z. Occurrence, potential release and health risks of heavy metals in popular take-out food containers from China. Environ Res 2022; 206:112265. [PMID: 34699759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global consumption of take-out food increased rapidly and the chemicals in their containers become a potential source of human exposure. However, available information on heavy metals in the containers is extremely limited and the associated health risks remain poorly understood. We investigated Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Mn, Ni and Co in the popular take-out food containers from China and found the concentrations of these metals were moderate in comparison to the concentrations reported in other food contact materials. The metal concentrations in sampled containers by material type differed significantly, and higher concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn and Co were observed in expanded polystyrene samples. The metals in the containers likely originated from intentional addition and/or contamination of materials. The potential release of the metals from containers was simulated and found the median leaching rates of Cd, Pb, Sb, Ni and Co in the range of 0.36-4.80% under typical conditions, which depended largely on the material types. Based on the observed leaching rates, we estimated that the summed carcinogenic risks of Cd, Pb, Ni and Co were unacceptable under specific exposure frequency, although the total non-carcinogenic risks from metal intake were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Di An
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Aljedani DM. Antibiotic treatment (Tetracycline) effect on bio-efficiency of the larvae honey bee ( Apis mellifera jemenatica). Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1477-86. [PMID: 35280597 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are important for ecological health, biodiversity preservation, and crop output. Antimicrobials, like Tetracyclines, are commonly used in agriculture, medicine, and beekeeping, bees might be exposed to Tetracycline residues in the environment either directly or indirectly. This study aimed to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment (Tetracycline) effect on the Bio-efficiency of the larvae honey bee (Apis mellifera jemenatica), when larvae honeybee workers were exposed to different concentrations of it, to see how long they survived after being exposed to it and affected this antibiotic to the histological structure of the midgut. The results demonstrated that the concentration (LC50 = 125.25 μg/ml) of antibiotics Tetracycline leads to kills half of the individuals. Our data indicate that the high concentrations of Tetracycline have a significant effect on the histological composition of the cells of the midgut of honeybee larvae. Antibiotic exposure can negatively impact the health of honey bees, especially Tetracycline because it is the most used antibiotic in apiculture.
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Zhao Y, Zhu Z, Xiao Q, Li Z, Jia X, Hu W, Liu K, Lu S. Urinary neonicotinoid insecticides in children from South China: Concentrations, profiles and influencing factors. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132937. [PMID: 34798106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides can selectively interact with the unique nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in insects and are considered to be low toxic to mammals. However, there is still insufficient knowledge on human exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides, especially for children. This study aimed to investigate urinary concentrations and profiles of neonicotinoid insecticides in South China children and to analyze potential influencing factors. Six neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (THM), acetamiprid (ACE), clothianidin (CLO), thiacloprid (THD) and dinotefuran (DIN), exhibited high detection frequencies (>90%) in urine samples collected from 305 children, suggesting broad exposure in South China children. The median concentrations were determined to be 0.13, 0.21, 0.01, 0.19, 0.002 and 1.64 μg/L, respectively. Among the target neonicotinoids, urinary concentrations of CLO and THM exhibited a significant and positive correlation between each other (p < 0.05), suggesting similar sources of these two chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Jia
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuancheng Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Jayasinghe SL, Kumar L, Kaliyadasa E. The future of high-quality Ceylon tea seems bleak in the face of climate change. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1629-1646. [PMID: 33782787 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactive effects and relationships between biochemical elements of tea leaves and the related factors, particularly climatic, cultivar, and geographic, is key for high-quality Ceylon tea production. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of season × cultivar × agro-ecological regions (AERs) on the four tested biochemicals in fresh tea leaves, total polyphenol content (TPC), free sugar, protein, and theanine; (2) determine the relationships between, and develop a model to estimate, the biochemicals and their related factors; and (3) project the potential concentrations and distributions of four tested biochemicals in tea leaves with respect to the current and future climate. This study primarily uses inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), cross-validation using R software, and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach in ArcGIS. The results demonstrate that the season, cultivar (Ceylon tea cultivars of TRI 2025 and TRI 4053), and AER and their interactions on biochemicals have significant effects (p < 0.05). The models derived in the regression analysis demonstrate the strong relationships between the independent variables and the biochemicals, with multiple correlation coefficients (R) around 0.8 and coefficient of determination (R2) around 0.6. The low standard deviation of error of prediction (SDEP < 0.1) and the high correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (Q2) for all four biochemicals ranged from 0.56 to 0.61, which signifies the predictive ability of the models. The future projections show a considerable increase in the thresholds of all tested biochemicals. The distribution category with 'very high' concentrations of TPC and theanine is predicted to increase in the future by averages of 10% and 14%, respectively, while reducing the classes of protein and free sugar by 14% and 12%, respectively. Overall, the changing concentrations of the thresholds of relevant biochemicals and their distribution will negatively affect the final quality of tea, and these variations indicate that climate change has started to diminish Ceylon tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeka Layomi Jayasinghe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lalit Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Ewon Kaliyadasa
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
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22
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Martinez G, Niu J, Takser L, Bellenger JP, Zhu J. A review on the analytical procedures of halogenated flame retardants by gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry and their levels in human samples. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117476. [PMID: 34082369 PMCID: PMC8355089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) market is continuously evolving and have moved from the extensive use of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) to more recent introduced mixtures such as Firemaster 550, Firemaster 680, DP-25, DP-35, and DP-515. These substitutes are mainly composed of non-PBDEs HFRs such as 2-ethyl-hexyl tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). Other HFRs commonly being monitored include Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechlorane 602 (Dec602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec603), Dechlorane 604 (Dec604), 5,6-dibromo-1,10, 11, 12,13,13-hexachloro- 11-tricyclo[8.2.1.02,9]tridecane (HCDBCO) and 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene (OBTMPI). This review aims at highlighting the advances in the past decade (2010-2020) on both the analytical procedures of HFRs in human bio-specimens using gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry and synthesizing the information on the levels of these HFRs in human samples. Human specimen included in this review are blood, milk, stool/meconium, hair and nail. The review summarizes the analytical methods, including extraction and clean-up techniques, used for measuring HFRs in biological samples, which are largely adopted from those for analysing PBDEs. In addition, new challenges in the analysis to include both PBDEs and a wide range of other HFRs are also discussed in this review. Review of the levels of HFRs in human samples shows that PBDEs are still the most predominant HFRs in many cases, followed by DP. However, emerging HFRs are also being detected in human despite of the fact that both their detection frequencies and levels are lower than PBDEs and DP. It is clearly demonstrated in this review that people working in the industry or living close to the industrial areas have higher HFR levels in their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Phillipe Bellenger
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The continuous use of pesticides in the ecosystem is of great concern, as some of them are highly stable and impact non-target organisms. The effect was tested of different concentrations of insecticides such as (Deltamethrin and Malathion) and natural products, Including, lemongrass oil on Fruit Fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), to calculate the concentration at which the highest mortality occurred and death half the number of individuals after 96 hrs, as well as calculating the half-lethal time for individuals. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study, which evaluated the toxicity of five different concentrations (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 mg L<sup>1</sup>) of Malathion, (0.05, 0.10, 0.21, 0.53 and 1.48 mg L<sup>1</sup>) of Deltamethrin and lemongrass oil (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mg L<sup>1</sup>) on the insect of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> after 96 hrs of treatment. <b>Results:</b> From the results of this study, the concentration (LC<sub>50 </sub>= 2.938 mg L<sup>1</sup>) of Malathion leads to kills half of the individuals, compared to Deltamethrin a higher concentration (LC<sub>50 </sub>= 4.8673 mg L<sup>1</sup>) that leads to killing half of the individuals. While lemongrass oil the concentration (LC<sub>50 </sub>= 9.7478 mg L<sup>1</sup>) leads to kills half of individuals. Also, when used Deltamethrin it takes (LT<sub>50 </sub>= 660.277) hours to kill half of the individuals compared to Malathion, which takes approximately (LT<sub>50</sub> = 321.862) hours to death half of the individuals. But lemongrass oil (LT<sub>50 </sub>= 819.745) hours to kill half of the individuals. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the lemon plant and its components have excellent potential for being used in the control of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, which had an effective role in biological control.
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Wu X, Xiao Q, Deng Y, Li M, Li C, Qiu H, Lu S. Perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and implications for human exposure. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112672. [PMID: 34218037 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish can absorb and accumulate contaminants. The consumption of shellfish could expose humans to pollutants and increase related health risk. Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a ubiquitous pollutant and could affect thyroid functions, especially for children and pregnant women. However, knowledge on the contamination of perchlorate in aquatic food such as shellfish remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the abundances of perchlorate in shellfish from South China Sea and to assess human exposure risks. A total of 178 shellfish samples from eight species were collected from offshore aquaculture waters in South China Sea. Perchlorate was detected in 99.4% of them, suggesting widespread pollution in coastal waters. Concentrations of perchlorate ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 71.5 μg kg-1, with a median value of 4.33 μg kg-1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were used to assess human exposure dose and health risks, respectively. The HQ values were determined to be less than 1, indicating no significant health risks to local residents via shellfish consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate perchlorate contamination in South China shellfish and assess potential human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yilan Deng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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25
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Almeida Â, Soares AMVM, Esteves VI, Freitas R. Occurrence of the antiepileptic carbamazepine in water and bivalves from marine environments: A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 86:103661. [PMID: 33878451 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A vast literature has already demonstrated that pharmaceutical drugs exert negative impacts on aquatic organisms but data is sparse on the occurrence of these contaminants in marine aquatic environments and their biota, particularly in comparison with freshwater systems. In marine environments, bivalves are known as good bioindicator species for environmental pollution monitoring. This review summarizes the current knowledge on carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in the marine environment (seawater and bivalves) and the analytical methods involved in the drug determination. Carbamazepine was chosen based on its ubiquitous occurrence and proven negative impacts on the aquatic organisms. Overall, CBZ is distributed in the marine environment with concentrations up to ∼ 1 μg/L, revealing its stability and high persistence. Also, CBZ was found in some species of marine bivalves, with concentrations up to 13 ng/g dry weight (DW), however, a bioaccumulation factor could not be calculated due to the absence of CBZ determination in seawater samples for most of the studies. CAPSULE: Carbamazepine is found in seawater up to the low μg/L level, and in bivalve tissue up to a few ng/g DW, with SPE and LC as the techniques of choice for drug extraction and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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26
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Rojas NY, Ramírez O, Belalcázar LC, Méndez-Espinosa JF, Vargas JM, Pachón JE. PM 2.5 emissions, concentrations and air quality index during the COVID-19 lockdown. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:115973. [PMID: 33234376 PMCID: PMC7673208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Y Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Omar Ramírez
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Km 2 Cajicá-Zipaquirá, Colombia.
| | - Luis Carlos Belalcázar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan Felipe Méndez-Espinosa
- College of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Transversal 31 # 12 - 38 sur, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Mario Vargas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Eduardo Pachón
- Centro Lasallista de Investigación y Modelación Ambiental - CLIMA, Universidad de La Salle, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
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27
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Yang M, Yang F, Li H, Li T, Cao F, Nie X, Zhen J, Li P, Wang Y. CFCs measurements at high altitudes in northern China during 2017-2018: Concentrations and potential emission source regions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142290. [PMID: 33254917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Northern China was simulated as the main contributor to global chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) that slowed down the recovery of stratospheric ozone layer in most recent studies. An atmospheric campaign was carried out from June 2017 to April 2018 to register the concentrations of typical chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (i.e., CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CFC-114) at the top of Mount Tai, northern China. The mixing ratios of CFC-11 CFC-12, CFC-113, and CFC-114 were 257, 577, 80, and 18 pptv, respectively. These values are similar to the reported data 10 years ago at Mount Tai. CFC concentrations correlated well with those of benzene (an anthropogenic tracer) and were not affected by either humidity, temperature, or solar radiation. However, CFC concentrations were considerably influenced by regional transport: their backward trajectory and the PSCF (potential source contribution function) analysis suggested that higher concentrations (CFC-12, CFC-113 and CFC-114) were detected under the influence of air mass from the industrial regions in mid-eastern China and CFC-11 was through long-range transport from northwestern (i.e., from the higher atmosphere in western China) air masses. Overall, the findings of this study suggested that CFCs still have emissions in China, but no significant increase in recent years. Mid-eastern China might be responsible for the CFC emissions. The conclusions also highlight the need for the enforcement of effective control policies and the management of emissions, in order to avoid increasingly severe scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiebo Zhen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Panyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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28
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Nabi MM, Wang J, Meyer M, Croteau MN, Ismail N, Baalousha M. Concentrations and size distribution of TiO 2 and Ag engineered particles in five wastewater treatment plants in the United States. Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:142017. [PMID: 32898809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of engineered particles (e.g., nanosized and pigment sized particles, 1 to 100 nm and 100 to 300 nm, respectively) in a variety of consumer products increases the likelihood of their release into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important pathways of introduction of engineered particles to the aquatic systems. This study reports the concentrations, removal efficiencies, and particle size distributions of Ag and TiO2 engineered particles in five WWTPs in three states in the United States. The concentration of Ag engineered particles was quantified as the total Ag concentration, whereas the concentration of TiO2 engineered particles was quantified using mass-balance calculations and shifts in the elemental ratio of Ti/Nb above their natural background elemental ratio. Ratios of Ti/Nb in all WWTP influents, activated sludges, and effluents were 2-12 times higher (e.g., 519 to 3243) than the natural background Ti/Nb ratio (e.g., 267 ± 9), indicating that 49-92% of Ti originates from anthropogenic sources. The concentration of TiO2 engineered particles (in μg TiO2 L-1) in the influent, activated sludge, and effluent varied within the ranges of 70-670, 3570-6700, and 7-30, respectively. The concentration of Ag engineered particles (in μg Ag L-1) in the influent, activated sludge, and effluent varied within the ranges of 0.11-0.33, 1.45-1.65, and 0.01-0.04, respectively. The overall removal efficiency (e.g., effluent/influent concentrations) of TiO2 engineered particles (e.g., 90 to 96%) was higher than that for Ag engineered particles (e.g., 82 to 95%). Particles entering WWTPs are in the nanosized range for Ag (e.g., >99%) and a mixture of nanosized (e.g., 15 to 90%) and pigment sized particles (e.g., 10 to 85%) for TiO2. Nearly all Ag (>99%) and 55 to 100% of TiO2 particles discharged to surface water with WWTP effluent are within the nanosize range. This study provides evidence that TiO2 and Ag engineered nanomaterials enter aquatic systems with WWTP effluents, and that their concentrations are expected to increase with the increased applications of TiO2 and Ag engineered nanomaterials in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudun Nabi
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States
| | - Madeleine Meyer
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States
| | | | - Niveen Ismail
- Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, United States
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, United States.
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29
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Das D, Kulkarni S, Barton-Maclaren T, Zhu J. 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-1H-indene (OBTMPI): Levels in humans and in silico toxicological profiles. Environ Pollut 2021; 273:116457. [PMID: 33453696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited human exposure and toxicity data are currently available for 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenyl)-1H-indene (OBTMPI), a flame retardant often used for high temperature application of various polymer materials. Levels of OBTMPI in a cohort population that includes children and their co-residing parents (n = 217) in Canada were determined. Detection frequency of OBTMPI in the samples was 22.6%. OBTMPI levels were in general at sub-to low ng/g lipid weight level with a 95th percentile at 15.6 ng/g lipid weight. Compared to an earlier study conducted in 2008-2009 in the same region, results from this study show an increase in both detection frequency and concentration of OBTMPI. In silico toxicity predictions using Multicase CaseUltra and Leadscope Model Applier suggested that OBTMPI, and its possible metabolites in humans, while unlikely to be carcinogenic or mutagenic, exhibit some estrogen antagonist, androgen antagonist and estrogen binding capability reflective of possible endocrine disrupting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Das
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Emerging Approaches Unit, Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tara Barton-Maclaren
- Emerging Approaches Unit, Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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30
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Gyamfi ET. Assessment of essential and non-essential elements in selected traditional medicines from India, Ghana and China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:1812-1822. [PMID: 32857308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicine (TM) also known as folk medicine consists of medical knowledge systems that were developed over generations in various countries before the era of modern medicine. Over the last few years, there has been a shift in universal trend from modern medicine to TM because it is believed that these medicines are non-toxic to humans, have little to no side-effects, are readily available and affordable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the essential and non-essential elemental concentrations of ayurvedic medicines (AM), Ghanaian traditional medicines (GTM) and Chinese traditional medicines (CTM). The results indicate that the mean elemental concentrations in TM varied greatly. The mean concentrations of copper and mercury in AM, GTM and CTM ranged from 4 to 45 mg/kg and 0.01 to 2 mg/kg, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses applied to recognise inter-element associations indicated that at 0.05 significant level, there was a positive correlation between elements suggesting they may have originated from the same source. The study concludes by highlighting the need for monitoring of the elemental concentrations in commonly consumed traditional medicines regularly to detect contamination in these medicines since the occurrence of metals in these medicines above or below legally permissible limits can be harmful to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva T Gyamfi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Nuclear Chemistry and Environmental Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P. O. BOX LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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31
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Yao X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhu G, Qin B, Zhou Y, Xue J. Emerging role of dissolved organic nitrogen in supporting algal bloom persistence in Lake Taihu, China: Emphasis on internal transformations. Sci Total Environ 2020; 736:139497. [PMID: 32502780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) accounts for a significant fraction of the dissolved nitrogen (N) pool in eutrophic lakes, and substantial components of DON are available for phytoplankton. However, long-term changes in DON concentrations in eutrophic lakes have been poorly documented, and the particulate-related internal cycling of DON at the molecular level remains unclear. In this study, changes in the concentration of DON during the past 14 years of Lake Taihu, China were analyzed. Algae and sediment suspensions were incubated under summer sunlight to examine transformations of DON (e.g., photodissolution) at the bulk concentration and molecular level. Concentrations of DON in Lake Taihu ranged from 0 to 4.59 mg L-1, with a mean of 0.82 ± 0.60 mg L-1 (n = 3360). Although annual averages of the concentration of DON (n = 240) showed no significant linear variation from 2005 to 2018, the percentage of DON in total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) increased linearly (p < .05) and was maintained at >50% after 2015. Seasonally, DON concentrations were highest in spring (1.10 ± 0.56 mg L-1), followed by winter (0.87 ± 0.58 mg L-1) and summer (0.54 ± 0.37 mg L-1) concentrations, and lowest in autumn (0.44 ± 0.38 mg L-1). Outdoor incubation experiments suggest that both algae and sediment suspensions contribute to significant increases of DON concentrations but contribute to decreases of inorganic N concentrations at the end of incubations. Moreover, the production of DON by algae suspensions differed from that of sediment suspensions, with more labile components released from algae (e.g., proteins and amino acids), while more refractory components were released from sediment suspensions (e.g., lignin with low H/C and O/C). Taken together, these results emphasize the increasing percentage of DON in TDN during 2009-2018 and the different patterns of algae- and sediment-dominated internal DON transformations in Lake Taihu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jingya Xue
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jiao F, Sang J, Liu Z, Liu W, Liang W. Effect of concentration of PEG coated gold nanoparticle on lung surfactant studied with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys Chem 2020; 266:106457. [PMID: 32890945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The surface modification of nanoparticles can not only change the physical and chemical properties of particles, such as the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and surface charges of nanoparticles to a certain extent, but also bring new functions to nanoparticles, such as membrane permeability and targeting. Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) are experienced by the first biological barrier inside the alveolus known as lung surfactant (LS), consisting of phospholipids and proteins in the form of the monolayer at the air-water interface. Inhaled NPs can reach deep into the lungs and interfere with the biophysical properties of the lung components. The interaction mechanisms of bare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the LS monolayer are not well understood. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to have a study on the interactions of PEG coated AuNPs with LS monolayers. It was observed that the interactions of AuNPs and LS components make the monolayer structure deform and change the biophysical properties of LS monolayer. The results also indicate that AuNPs with high concentrations hinder the lowering of the LS surface tension and reduce lateral mobility of lipids. Overall, the simulation results can provide guidance for the design of ligand protected NPs as drug carriers and can identify the nanoparticles potential side effect on lung surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Jianbing Sang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Weiguang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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Chosidow A, Benaboud S, Beranger A, Zheng Y, Moulin F, Dupic L, Renolleau S, Treluyer JM, Oualha M. Are β-lactam concentrations adequate in severe sepsis and septic shock in children? Therapie 2020; 75:633-640. [PMID: 32593420 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Early administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy with adequate concentration is the cornerstone of the severe sepsis and septic shock's treatment. We aim to describe the plasma concentration of the most used β-lactams in critically ill children, to describe the rate of patients with suboptimal exposure, and associated clinical and biological factors. METHODS From January 2016 to May 2017, children less than 18 years old with severe sepsis or septic shock were included. Samples were collected in pediatric intensive care unit for children with severe sepsis or septic shock. β-lactam plasma concentrations were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Among the 37 enrolled patients, 24 (64.9%) had insufficient concentration [cefotaxime 7/14 (43%); piperacillin-tazobactam, 10/13 (77%); amoxicillin 6/7 (86%); meropenem 3/6 (50%), cefazolin 1/4 (25%), imipenem 0/2 (0%); ceftazidime 0/1 (0%)]. Insufficient concentrations were associated with early measurements [<72hours from the sepsis' onset (P=0.035) and an increased creatinine clearance (P=0.01)]. CONCLUSION β-lactams current dosing in critically ill septic children could be suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Chosidow
- Armand-Trousseau hospital, AP-HP, pediatric department, 26, avenue du Dr-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Sihem Benaboud
- Pharmacology department, Cochin hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Agathe Beranger
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Necker hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yi Zheng
- Pharmacology department, Cochin hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Moulin
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Necker hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dupic
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Necker hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- Pharmacology department, Cochin hospital, 75014 Paris, France; Pediatric intensive care unit, Necker hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric intensive care unit, Necker hospital, 75015 Paris, France
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Cui S, Hough R, Fu Q, Qi X, Liu D, Cooper P, Li P, Zhang Z. Concentrations and uptake pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil to grass. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109428. [PMID: 31302331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Field coupled samples in soil and grass were collected to determine the concentrations and identify the uptake pathways of PCBs into the grass at a pasture from Scotland, UK. Concentrations of indicator PCBs (∑7PCBs) in soils ranged from 0.20 to 0.88 ng g-1 dw (dry weight), with a mean of 0.33 ng g-1 dw, and in grass ranged from 0.20 to 2.14 ng g-1 dw, with a mean of 0.48 ng g-1 dw. The comprehensive factors of low concentrations and detection rate (PCB28: 18.8%; PCB52: 37.5%) of PCBs in soil, as well as continuously declined air concentrations of PCBs in the UK since the 1990s suggested that the secondary emission from the soil is becoming the supplied source of PCBs to air and grass. The significant correlations between bioconcentration factor (BCF) values and the log KOW (R = -0.850, p < 0.05) and log KOA (R = -0.860, p < 0.05) of indicator PCB congeners were found in the present study, indicating that these two parameters are likely to affect the bioaccumulation and uptake of grass. A generic one-compartment model was employed to identify uptake pathways of grass and evaluate the uptake amounts for PCBs. This suggested that the most important pathway for uptake of PCBs by grass was at the aerial part, and the difference of PCBs concentrations between leaves and roots was about four orders of magnitude. Removing and risk transfer of PCBs or other organic pollutants by grass need to be investigated and assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Qiang Fu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- China-UK Water and Soil Resources Sustainable Utilization Joint Research Centre, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Dong Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Pat Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ping Li
- China-UK Water and Soil Resources Sustainable Utilization Joint Research Centre, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK.
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Cruz-Munoz M, Munoz-Beristain A, Petrone JR, Robinson MA, Triplett EW. Growth parameters of Liberibacter crescens suggest ammonium and phosphate as essential molecules in the Liberibacter-plant host interface. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:222. [PMID: 31606047 PMCID: PMC6790036 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liberibacter crescens is the closest cultured relative of four important uncultured crop pathogens. Candidatus. L. asiaticus, L. americanus, L. africanus cause citrus greening disease, while Ca. L. solanacearum causes potato Zebra chip disease. None of the pathogens grows in axenic culture. L. crescens grows in three media: a BM-7, a serum-free Hi® Grace’s Insect Medium (Hi-GI), and a chemically-defined medium called M15. To date, no optimal growth parameters of the model species L. crescens have been reported. Studying the main growth parameters of L. crescens in axenic culture will give us insights into the lifestyle of the Ca. Liberibacter pathogens. Results The evaluation of the growth parameters—pH, aeration, temperature, and buffering capacity—reflects the optimal living conditions of L. crescens. These variables revealed that L. crescens is an aerobic, neutrophilic bacterium, that grows optimally in broth in a pH range of 5.8 to 6.8, in a fully oxygenated environment (250 rpm), at 28 °C, and with monosodium phosphate (10 mM or 11.69 mM) as the preferred buffer for growth. The increase of pH in the external media likely results from the deamination activity within the cell, with the concomitant over-production of ammonium in the external medium. Conclusion L. crescens and the Ca. Liberibacter pathogens are metabolically similar and grow in similar environments—the phloem and the gut of their insect vectors. The evaluation of the growth parameters of L. crescens reveals the lifestyle of Liberibacter, elucidating ammonium and phosphate as essential molecules for colonization within the hosts. Ammonium is the main driver of pH modulation by active deamination of amino acids in the L. crescens amino acid rich media. In plants, excess ammonium induces ionic imbalances, oxidative stress, and pH disturbances across cell membranes, causing stunted root and shoot growth and chlorosis—the common symptoms of HLB-disease. Phosphate, which is also present in Ca. L. asiaticus hosts, is the preferred buffer for the growth of L. crescens. The interplay between ammonium, sucrose, potassium (K+), phosphate, nitrate (NO3−), light and other photosynthates might lead to develop better strategies for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritsa Cruz-Munoz
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alam Munoz-Beristain
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph R Petrone
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew A Robinson
- Biostatistics Department, College of Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Lee C. Impacts of urban form on air quality: Emissions on the road and concentrations in the US metropolitan areas. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:192-202. [PMID: 31176981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the United States (US), one of the effects of urban sprawl is more vehicular travel. The increase in emissions from road traffic renders air quality management unsuccessful, in spite of the efforts of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), operating under the Clean Air Act, which does not regulate land use. As an alternative to urban sprawl, the US-EPA has initiated smart growth strategies based on compact development. In this study, the impacts of metropolitan-level urban form, as a measure of urban compactness/sprawl, was explored with respect to air quality in terms of NOx and PM2.5 emissions on the road and NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations in US metropolitan areas. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-level regression models that control for metropolitan-level socioeconomic and local-level geographic covariates were established. The results showed that high land use mixing is one of the compactness/sprawl factors (i.e., low sprawl) that reduces per-person NOx and PM2.5 emissions on the road. While metropolitan-level urban form (i.e. high compactness) had a negative effect on PM2.5 concentrations, local environmental conditions, such as local ambient roads and emissions facilities, had greater impacts on NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations than the urban form. Based on the findings in this study, urban planners and decision makers need to establish policies and practices at two scales when planning urban development: (1) the reduction of emissions from road traffic by managing metropolitan-level urban form and (2) the reduction of emissions concentrations through managing local emissions sources near populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Research Institute of Science and Technology, Hongik University, 94, Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04066, South Korea.
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37
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Luo J, Wu L, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fang F, Feng Q, Li C, Xue Z, Cao J. Review on the determination and distribution patterns of a widespread contaminant artificial sweetener in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19078-19096. [PMID: 31104241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accurate determination of widespread artificial sweeteners (ASs) and the information of their distributions in environments are of significance to investigate the environmental behaviors. This paper firstly reviews the typical analytic methodologies for ASs and the main influencing factors during the analytic processes. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) with LC-ESI-MS is currently the leading-edge method. However, the efficiency and accuracy for ASs analysis in environmental samples are also dependent on the SPE cartridges, buffers and pH, matrix effects, and sample stability. A basic procedure for ASs determination in different environmental samples is proposed. The current occurrences of ASs in environments are then evaluated. The ASs, especially the acesulfame and sucralose, are widely detected in various environmental medium. The concentrations of investigated ASs are generally in the order of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) influent > WWTPs effluent > surface water > groundwater > drinking water; and atmosphere > soil. The ASs levels in the environment exhibit significant differences among different regions. Further analysis indicates that the phenomenon is highly correlated with the consumption patterns and the removal efficiency of WWTPs in a specific country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Mohammed S, Lamoree M, Ansa-Asare OD, de Boer J. Review of the analysis of insecticide residues and their levels in different matrices in Ghana. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:361-372. [PMID: 30616153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review reports on how Ghanaian scientists analyse insecticide residues in various matrices in their laboratories as well as the levels of insecticides found in Ghana. It covers different sample preparation methods such as solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction. The main technique used for this analysis was gas chromatography (GC) with various detectors such as electron capture, flame photometric, nitrogen phosphorus, and mass spectrometric detection. Liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometric detection was sometimes used to determine the levels of very polar insecticide residues. From the articles reviewed 74% of the insecticides detected were organochlorines with DDTs, lindanes, and endosulfans as most abundant ones. Levels of the insecticides of interest analysed, varied from below the detection limits to clearly above the safety limits. The lowest detected concentration of insecticide residues reported in fruits and vegetables was δ-lindane in pawpaw (0.06 mg/kg) while the highest was fenvalerate (25.6 mg/kg). Insecticide residues reported in sediment were predominantly organochlorines with concentrations ranging from 9.68 ng/kg to 10.98 µg/kg. Endosulfan and its metabolites were the main insecticides found in water bodies with concentrations ranging from 0.036 µg/L to 62.3 µg/L. DDT and its metabolites were the dominant insecticides found in human fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saada Mohammed
- Vrije Universiteit, Dep. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box 38, Achimota, Ghana.
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Dep. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit, Dep. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Makokha VA, Ndung'u AW, Mungai TM, Yan X, Wang J. Concentrations, Sources, and Risk Assessment of Organohalogen Compounds in Soils from Kiambu to Mombasa, Kenya. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:766-772. [PMID: 30411274 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations, sources, and risk assessment of 16 organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in soils from Kiambu to Mombasa in Kenya. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged between 7.62 and 76.09 ng/g, dominated by HCHs. Source identification displayed recent inputs and historical use of DDTs and lindane. The total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 9.90 to 20.8 ng/g with an average of 14.40 ng/g dominated by penta-PCBs from old transformers leakages. The total PBDEs concentrations were in the range of 1.89-38.36 ng/g and with a mean of 11.38 ng/g. Electric and electronic equipment waste and PBDE containing materials as sources of PBDE. The risk assessment of OCPs and PCBs showed low potential human health risk from OCPs, while PCBs indicated to pose a high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorine Anyango Makokha
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anne Wairimu Ndung'u
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Teresiah Muciku Mungai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Frimpong JO, Ofori ESK, Yeboah S, Marri D, Offei BK, Apaatah F, Sintim JO, Ofori-Ayeh E, Osae M. Evaluating the impact of synthetic herbicides on soil dwelling macrobes and the physical state of soil in an agro-ecosystem. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 156:205-215. [PMID: 29550438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated three herbicides active ingredients: Paraquat, Glyphosate and 2,4-D Amine in commercial formulations as Frankoquat, Roundup and Agriherb respectively under field conditions to determine their influence on soil dwelling macrobes and the physical state of soil. Herbicides were serially diluted to three treatment concentrations for each plus three controls. Herbicide concentrations were applied to the demarcated field on three consecutive occasions in splits. Macrobes extraction from soil was done under a stereo microscope at 20 × magnification. The Simpson's diversity index was used to calculate the soil macrobes diversity. Soil water content, bulk density and total porosity of sampled soils were determined. The study revealed that both herbicides and non-herbicides treatment had no statistical significance (p > 0.05) on the soil dwelling macrobes. Also, a Simpson's index of diversity, estimated as 53.46%, showed how the experimental area is lowly diverse in the specific soil dwelling macrobes identified. Significant correlations existed between the soil water content, bulk density, total porosity and number of soil macrobes at p < 0.05. This level of significance showed in most instances for Frankoquat herbicide concentration treatments as well as Roundup. For Agriherb and control treatments the correlations were present but majority was not significant. In most situations, the soil dwelling macrobes decreased with increasing soil physical conditions. Thus, the dynamics in soil physical properties affected macrobes abundance in soil, with the slightest influence coming from the herbicides concentrations used in the experiment. The study recommended that Frankoquat and Roundup herbicides could be used to control weeds on farmer's field because, their influence were slightly felt on the soil macrobes and also, quite a number soil dwelling macrobes recovered after application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Frimpong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre, Ghana
| | - E S K Ofori
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Radiation, Entomology and Pest Management Centre, Ghana
| | - S Yeboah
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Radiation, Entomology and Pest Management Centre, Ghana
| | - D Marri
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Radiation, Entomology and Pest Management Centre, Ghana
| | - B K Offei
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre, Ghana
| | - F Apaatah
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Radiation, Entomology and Pest Management Centre, Ghana
| | - J O Sintim
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre, Ghana
| | - E Ofori-Ayeh
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Soil and Environmental Sciences Research Centre, Ghana
| | - M Osae
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Post Office Box L.G. 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Radiation, Entomology and Pest Management Centre, Ghana.
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Wang C, Gao W, Liang Y, Wang Y, Jiang G. Concentrations and congener profiles of chlorinated paraffins in domestic polymeric products in China. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:326-335. [PMID: 29573715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are widely used in domestic polymeric products as plasticizers and fire retardants. In this study, concentrations and congener profiles of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were investigated in domestic polymeric products, including plastics, rubber and food packaging in China. The average concentrations of SCCPs in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and food packaging were 234, 3968, 150 and 188 ng/g, respectively and the corresponding average concentrations of MCCPs in these samples were 37.4, 2537, 208 and 644 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of CPs in rubber and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were significantly higher than in other matrices. The highest concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were found in a PVC cable sheath with 191 mg/g and 145 mg/g, respectively. Congener group profiles analysis indicated C11- and C13-congener groups were predominant in carbon homologues of SCCPs, and C14-congener groups were predominant in MCCPs. High levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in domestic polymeric products implied that they might be a significant source to the environment and human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
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Baker NL, Gray KM, Sherman BJ, Morella K, Sahlem GL, Wagner AM, McRae-Clark AL. Biological correlates of self-reported new and continued abstinence in cannabis cessation treatment clinical trials. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 187:270-277. [PMID: 29698894 PMCID: PMC5959795 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The agreement between self-reported cannabis abstinence with urine cannabinoid concentrations in a clinical trials setting is not well characterized. We assessed the agreement between various cannabinoid cutoffs and self-reported abstinence across three clinical trials, one including contingency management for abstinence. METHODS Three cannabis cessation clinical trials where participants reported use and provided weekly urine samples for cannabis and creatinine concentration measurements were included. Bootstrapped data were assessed for agreement between self-reported 7+ day abstinence and urine cannabinoid tests using generalized linear mixed effects models for clustered binary outcomes. One study implemented contingency management for cannabis abstinence. Four hundred and seventy-three participants with 3787 valid urine specimens were included. Urine was analyzed for 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and creatinine using immunoassay methods Biological cutoffs of 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml, as well as changes in CN normalized THCCOOH (25%/50% decrease), were assessed for agreement with self-reported abstinence during the three clinical trials. RESULTS Agreement between measured THCCOOH and self-reported abstinence increases with increasing cutoff concentrations, while the agreement with self-reported non-abstinence decreases with increasing cutoff concentrations. Combining THCCOOH cutoffs with recent changes in CN-THCCOOH provides a better agreement in those self-reporting abstinence. Participants in the studies that received CM for abstinence had a lower agreement between self-reported abstinence and returned to use than those in studies that did not have a contingency management component. CONCLUSION Using combinations of biological measurements and self-reported abstinence, confirmation of study related abstinence may be verifiable earlier and with greater accuracy than relying on a single measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Brian J. Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristen Morella
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Gregory L. Sahlem
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amanda M. Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Aimee L. McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Lu S, Tan Z, Jiang Y, Wu D, Zhang J, Zhou J, Lin X. Hexabromocyclododecanes in breast milk from residents in Shenzhen, China: Implications for infant exposure. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:1090-1097. [PMID: 29890578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are widely used as flame retardants for various products and have become ubiquitous pollutants in environmental media. However, little is known about HBCD exposure for humans, especially in China. This study aimed to investigate the levels and profiles of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in human breast milk and to estimate the daily HBCD intake for infants in Shenzhen, China. Levels of the HBCD diastereoisomers α-, β-, and γ-HBCD in 180 breast milk samples collected from primiparas in Shenzhen were measured. The concentrations of α-, β-, and γ-HBCD (ΣHBCDs) ranged within 0.103-15.1ng/g lipid and had a median of 1.82ng/g lipid. ΣHBCDs levels in milk in the present study are comparable to those in milk from other countries and regions but are markedly higher than those for most populations in other regions of China. Among the diastereoisomers, α-HBCD was predominant, accounting for 97.6% of the concentration of ΣHBCDs. The estimated daily intake of ΣHBCDs via breast milk for infants in Shenzhen ranged from 0.481 to 100ng/kgbw/day with a median of 8.40ng/kgbw/day, however, which was unlikely to raises a health concern based on the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The duration of residence was found to have a significant positive correlation with the HBCD levels in the human breast milk (p<0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report on HBCD levels in breast milk from Shenzhen residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Lu
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518131, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongting Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoshi Lin
- POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Chen Y, Fang J, Ren L, Fan R, Zhang J, Liu G, Zhou L, Chen D, Yu Y, Lu S. Urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters in children in South China: Concentrations, profiles and estimated daily intake. Environ Pollut 2018; 235:358-364. [PMID: 29306213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in household products as flame retardants or plasticizers and have become ubiquitous pollutants in environmental media. However, little is known about OPE metabolites in humans, especially in children. In this study, eight OPE metabolites were measured in 411 urine samples collected from 6 to 14-year-old children in South China. Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the dominant OPE metabolites, and their median concentrations were 1.04, 0.15 and 0.28 μg/L, respectively. The levels of urinary OPE metabolites in the present study were much lower than those in participants from other countries, with the exception of BCEP, suggesting widespread exposure to tris(2-chlorethyl) phosphate (TCEP, the parent chemical of BCEP) in South China. No significant difference in the concentrations of any of the OPE metabolites was observed between males and females (p > .05). Significant negative correlations were observed between age and BCEP, BCIPP, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), di-o-cresyl phosphate (DoCP) and di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP) (DCP), or DPHP (p < .05). Pearson correlation coefficients between urinary OPE metabolites indicated multiple sources and OPE exposure pathways in children. The estimated daily intake suggested that children in South China have a relatively high exposure level to TCEP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the urinary levels of OPE metabolites in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianzhang Fang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Ren
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dingyan Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Koch C, Sures B. Environmental concentrations and toxicology of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP). Environ Pollut 2018; 233:706-713. [PMID: 29126092 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Tribromophenol is the most widely produced brominated phenol. In the present review, we summarize studies dealing with this substance from an environmental point of view. We cover concentrations in the abiotic and biotic environment including humans, toxicokinetics as well as toxicodynamics, and show gaps of the current knowledge about this chemical. 2,4,6-Tribomophenol occurs as an intermediate during the synthesis of brominated flame retardants and it similarly represents a degradation product of these substances. Moreover, it is used as a pesticide but also occurs as a natural product of some aquatic organisms. Due to its many sources, 2,4,6-tribromophenol is ubiquitously found in the environment. Nevertheless, not much is known about its toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. It is also unclear which role the structural isomer 2,4,5-tribromophenol and several degradation products such as 2,4-dibromophenol play in the environment. Due to new flame retardants that enter the market and can degrade to 2,4,6-tribromophenol, this compound will remain relevant in future years - not only in aquatic matrices, but also in house dust and foodstuff, which are an important exposure route for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Koch
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; Deutsche Rockwool GmbH & Co. KG, 45966 Gladbeck, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Ugwu KE, Ukoha PO. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments near a mining site in Okobo-Enjema, Nigeria: concentrations, source apportionment and risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:359-373. [PMID: 28185220 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PAHs are pollutants of serious environmental and human health concerns. PAH studies in environmental compartments may assist in designing PAH control measures. The levels of selected PAHs in surface sediment samples of a stream near a mining site at Okobo-Enjema, Nigeria, were investigated. The data were used to determine the possible sources of the PAHs and to assess the potential health risk of the PAHs to humans which was evaluated based on the sediment quality, contamination level and cancer risk guidelines. Sediment samples were collected in replicates at various locations in the stream. A mixture of acetone, dichloromethane and n-hexane was used to extract the PAH compounds by sonication. The extracts were cleaned-up, concentrated and quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated 14, 10 and 4 out of the 16 target PAHs were detected at various sampling stations. The total concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 0.09 to 1.2 mg/kg dry weight. High molecular weight PAHs dominated over the low molecular weight compounds at distances nearer to the coal mine. The PAH contamination came from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The results suggested that there was no eco-toxicological risk for organisms in the sediments beyond 400 m from the coal mine. The sediments were highly contaminated at ≤400 m from the coal mine; moderately contaminated at between 400 and 500 m from the mine; and lowly contaminated at beyond 500 m from the mine. The cancer risk is low on ingestion and skin contact with the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenechukwu E Ugwu
- National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Pius O Ukoha
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Ni Z, Liu S, Jiang Z, Huang X. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements to Daya Bay, South China Sea: Fluxes and sources. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:672-683. [PMID: 29475711 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2017, with the aim of providing the first data on the fluxes and sources of wet and dry deposition of trace elements (TEs) in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Wet deposition flux of TEs was always preponderant and orders of magnitude higher than that of dry deposition owing to the high rainfall frequency in Daya Bay. The total deposition fluxes of TEs in the target area were higher than in most places worldwide, but at a moderate level within China. Wet deposition was highest in summer and lowest in winter, whereas dry deposition showed an opposite seasonal trend. The main sources of TEs in wet deposition were seasalt/dust, fossil fuel combustion, and crustal sources, and in dry deposition, they were dust/metallurgic, fossil fuel, petrochemical industry and crustal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- South China Sea Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Lamorde M, Kiragga AN, Dooley KE, Kamya MR, Kambugu A, Fehr J, Manabe YC, Castelnuovo B. The utility of pharmacokinetic studies for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships for standard dose anti-tuberculosis drugs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 108:77-82. [PMID: 29523331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. Many countries still fall below the minimum World Health Organization (WHO) TB treatment target success rate. There is conflicting evidence about whether concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs given at standard doses have an effect on treatment outcomes. The current data correlating anti-TB drug concentrations and treatment outcome is limited. This article summarized the existing literature and their utility in evaluating the association between each anti-TB drug's concentrations using current target concentrations and treatment outcomes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving standard WHO-recommended dosing.
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49
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Duan X, Ji M, Deng F, Sun Z, Lin Z. Effects of connective tissue growth factor on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:37-44. [PMID: 28941713 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPLFs). DESIGN HPLFs were cultured and identified. Then, different concentrations of CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) were added to the HPLF culture. Next, CCK-8 assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, hydroxyproline determination, alizarin red staining methods, Transwell chambers and real-time PCR methods were applied to observe the effects of CTGF on the proliferation, ALP activity, synthesis of collagen, formation of mineralized nodules and migration. We also studied expression of ALP, fiber link protein (FN), integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), osteocalcin (OC), and integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) mRNA by HPLFs. Statistical significance was assumed if P<0.05 or P<0.01. RESULTS The addition of CTGF (1, 5, 10ng/ml) remarkably promoted the proliferation and collagen synthesis of HPLFs compared with controls. CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50ng/ml) improved ALP activity of HPLFs, and at all concentrations, CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) improved the expression of ALP, FN, IBSP and ITGB1 mRNA. In addition, CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) promoted the migration of HPLFs, which was dose-dependent, with maximal promotion in the 10ng/ml group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Thus, in a certain range of concentrations, CTGF can promote the biological effects, including proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of HPLFs, to promote the differentiation of HPLFs in the process of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Duan
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengying Deng
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Shoeibi S, Mashreghi M. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Enterococcus faecalis and evaluation of their antibacterial activities. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:135-139. [PMID: 27908405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are capable of synthesizing metal nanoparticles, and specifically Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were tested for its ability to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) from sodium selenite. The biosynthesized Se-NPs were spherical in shape with the size range of 29-195nm. Also, the TEM microscopy showed the accumulation of nano-structures as extracellular deposits. The ability of the bacteria to tolerate high levels of toxic selenite was studied by changing with different concentrations of sodium selenite (0.19mM-2.97mM). Also, the effect of Se-NPs was studied on the growth profile of number of pathogenic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. High concentrations of sodium selenite in the medium led to the production of small amounts of selenium nanostructures by bacteria. In addition, Se-NPs can be used as an anti-staphylococcal element to effectively prevent and treat S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shoeibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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