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Li S, Yue N, Li M, Li X, Li B, Wang H, Wang J, Jin F. Occurrence and distribution of trisiloxane ethoxylates in citrus orchard soils in China: Analytical challenges. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170603. [PMID: 38325469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Trisiloxane ethoxylates (TSEOn) are widely used as agricultural surfactants due to their significant synergism with the active ingredients of pesticides, generally, including three typical end groups which are hydroxyl (TSEOn-H), methoxy (TSEOn-CH3), and acetoxy (TSEOn-COCH3), respectively. However, the potential ecotoxicological and endocrine-disrupting risks of TSEOn congeners have recently attracted ever-growing concern. Above all, there is limited research on the concentration levels of TSEOn in agroecosystems. This study, simultaneous analysis of 39 TSEOn oligomers in citrus orchard soils in China was implemented by the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method detection limits (MDLs) and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for TSEOn were 0.003-0.07 μg/kg and 0.01-0.20 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries for TSEOn oligomers in soils ranged from 81 % ∼ 106 % with related standard deviations (RSDs) < 7 %. This newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and stability allows us to successfully trace the occurrence of TSEOn congeners in the citrus orchard soils from 3 provinces and 1 municipality in China. The detected concentrations of TSEOn-H oligomers in the sampled soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.288 μg/kg (dry weight). The congener profiles of TSEOn-H were dominated by TSEOn-H (n = 6- 8) in the soils. Additionally, the total concentrations of TSEOn-H congeners (ΣTSEOn-H) in the soils were in the range of 0.03 to 1.49 μg/kg. A comparison of ΣTSEOn-H distribution among the different citrus orchard soils indicated a higher level of ΣTSEOn-H in the soil samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Notably, TSEOn-CH3 or TSEOn-COCH3 oligomers were not detected in the tested soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and distribution of TSEOn congeners in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ho QT, Frantzen S, Nilsen BM, Nøstbakken OJ, Azad AM, Duinker A, Madsen L, Bank MS. Congener-specific accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in marine fish from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131758. [PMID: 37320901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine fish may pose a health risk to human consumers. Using data from ∼8400 individuals of 15 fish species collected in the North-East Atlantic Ocean (NEAO), we assessed concentrations of individual POP congeners, including dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). POPs analyses were performed with accredited methods using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and GC/MS. The results showed that POPs congener composition profiles were more influenced by fish species than by geography. However, due to long range transport from emissions at lower latitudes, lighter congeners made a larger contribution to the total POPs concentrations in the northernmost areas compared to southern regions. A model was developed to elucidate the relative effects of several factors on POPs concentrations and showed that variation among and within fish species was associated with fat content, fish size, trophic position, and latitude. For the first time, POPs concentrations were shown to increase nonlinearly with fat content, reaching an asymptotic plateau when fat content was > 10%. This study explored detailed POP congener profiles and the factors associated with POPs accumulation in commercially relevant fish harvested from the NEAO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael S Bank
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Zhang R, Li J, Wang Y, Jiang G. Distribution and exposure risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins and novel brominated flame retardants in toys. J Hazard Mater 2023; 447:130789. [PMID: 36641847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were examined in children's toys collected from 13 families in China. The concentrations of short-chain CPs (SCCPs), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) and NBFRs in toys were 32.8-1,220,954 ng/g, not detected-2,688,656 ng/g and 0.08-103,461 ng/g, respectively. Median concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in toys were 1355 and 1984 ng/g, respectively, while except for pentabromobenzene (median:0.04 ng/g), the median concentrations of the other 8 NBFRs were below method detection limits. Rubber and foam toys contained higher amounts of CPs and NBFRs. Among the SCCPs and MCCPs monitored, Cl6-8-SCCPs/MCCPs and C14-MCCPs were the most abundant congener groups. On the other hand, decabromodiphenyl ethane was the predominant NBFR in toys. Moreover, to understand the role of toys in children's daily exposure to CPs and NBFRs, hand-to-mouth contact, mouthing, and dermal exposure were assessed for children aged 3 months to 6 years. Hand-to-mouth contact is the primary exposure route for children's exposure to CPs (25.4-536 ng/kg/day) and NBFRs (1.24-26.2 ng/kg/day) through toys. A low deleterious risk associated with children's toys concerning CPs and NBFRs was investigated based on the margin of exposure and hazard quotient values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Juan Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Liu M, Jia Y, Cui Z, Lu Z, Zhang W, Liu K, Shuai L, Shi L, Ke R, Lou Y. Occurrence and potential sources of polyhalogenated carbazoles in farmland soils from the Three Northeast Provinces, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 799:149459. [PMID: 34371402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been detected in various environments frequently and have attracted increasing attention for their multiple toxicities. However, only a few reports record the occurrence of PHCZs in farmland soils, and the sources of which were not yet been implemented. In this study, 12 PHCZs and carbazole (CZ) were screened in farmland soil samples from the Three Northeast Provinces, and the ∑PHCZs were in the range of 18.16-219.67 ng/g dw. 36-CCZ was the dominant congener (40.67%) in farmland soils, followed by 3-CCZ (14.51%), and average percentages of other congeners were lower than 10%. A concrete analysis of the sources of PHCZs in the soil was conducted, revealing the diversity of PHCZs sources. Potential toxic effects associated with the levels of PHCZs were evaluated via the toxic equivalency (TEQ) approach, and the TEQs of PHCZs (TEQPHCZs) were in the range of 2.24-14.06 pg TEQ/g dw. Notwithstanding the 1368-CCZ with a low concentration level, the mean contribution to TEQPHCZs was up to 24.24%, preceded only by 36-CCZ (39.69%), showing the congeners with low concentration also may pose potential risks to the environment. Partial PHCZs congeners (2-BCZ, 3-BCZ, 36-CCZ, 136-BCZ, and 2367-BCZ) showed significant correlations (r = 0.45-0.63, p < 0.05) with the total organic carbon (TOC). Significant correlations were shown between PHCZ congeners replaced by halogens of the same species and quantity (r = 0.40-0.99, p < 0.01). In view of the fact that the high concentration level of PHCZs in the soil and their source diversity, more environmental monitoring and risk assessments of PHCZs should be of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuxi Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zilong Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weikun Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kezhong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Shuai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Runhui Ke
- China National Research Institute of Food&Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yinghua Lou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Shen X, Yang Q, Shen J, Yang L, Wang M, Yang Y, Liu G. Characterizing the emissions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) from electric arc furnaces during steel-making. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111722. [PMID: 33396053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of steel produced using electric arc furnaces (EAFs) has been increasing in recent years. In this study, stack gases from EAFs in steelmaking plants were analyzed to determine if they are also dominant sources of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PBDD/F) emissions in China. Isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBDD/F congeners revealed that the mean PBDD/F mass concentrations were 271.1-9467.8 pg Nm-3 for the preheating stages (PS) of three EAF plants and that the corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) were 10.8-971.2 pg TEQ Nm-3. The PBDD/F mass concentration from the smelting stage (SS) at plant E3 was 261.9 pg Nm-3 (4.5 pg TEQ Nm-3). The PBDD/F emission factors (EF) during the preheating stage for the three plants were 0.0356-1.51 μg TEQ t-1, and the EF was 0.0359 μg TEQ t-1 during the E3 smelting stage. PBDD/Fs were found to contribute 2.39-67.85% to the total mass and 2.84-57.68% to the total dioxin TEQ. These wide fluctuations were caused by differences in the composition of feeding materials and the working temperature of bag filters. Overall, the results indicate that PBDD/F emissions from EAF steelmaking should receive increased attention. The PBDD/F congener patterns among the three EAF plants were variable, possibly because of differences in raw materials. The results presented herein will facilitate assessment of the contribution of EAFs to total PBDD/F emissions in China and investigations of PBDD/F emissions at different stages of steelmaking processes using EAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Shen
- Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiuting Yang
- Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
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Yu YJ, Lin BG, Qiao J, Chen XC, Chen WL, Li LZ, Chen XY, Yang LY, Yang P, Zhang GZ, Zhou XQ, Chen CR. Levels and congener profiles of halogenated persistent organic pollutants in human serum and semen at an e-waste area in South China. Environ Int 2020; 138:105666. [PMID: 32203811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants (Hal-POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are a group of ubiquitous organic pollutants with an endocrine disrupting effect. This study evaluated the accumulation and congener profiles of Hal-POPs in the bodies of men who live/work in areas of South China where electronic wastes are collected and managed, especially in their semen samples. The results show that the detection frequency and serum concentrations of Hal-POP congeners within the high-exposure group (HEG) were higher than those of the low-exposure group (LEG). Furthermore, an identical trend was observed for the seminal plasma concentrations of Hal-POPs. The distribution characteristics, such as their mean, median, and discrete values, of PBDE congeners in serum and semen samples from the same subjects were consistent with each other. However, the distribution characteristics of PCB congeners in serum samples were different from those in semen samples. BDE153 was one of the most abundant congeners found in the serum and semen samples; hence, it can be identified as an indicator PBDE congener. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism of Hal-POPs distribution in human semen and serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bi-Gui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Qiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xi-Chao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wan-le Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Liang-Zhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liu-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of the Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Cai-Rong Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China.
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Wang C, Gao W, Liang Y, Wang Y, Jiang G. Concentrations and congener profiles of chlorinated paraffins in domestic polymeric products in China. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:326-335. [PMID: 29573715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are widely used in domestic polymeric products as plasticizers and fire retardants. In this study, concentrations and congener profiles of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were investigated in domestic polymeric products, including plastics, rubber and food packaging in China. The average concentrations of SCCPs in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and food packaging were 234, 3968, 150 and 188 ng/g, respectively and the corresponding average concentrations of MCCPs in these samples were 37.4, 2537, 208 and 644 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of CPs in rubber and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were significantly higher than in other matrices. The highest concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were found in a PVC cable sheath with 191 mg/g and 145 mg/g, respectively. Congener group profiles analysis indicated C11- and C13-congener groups were predominant in carbon homologues of SCCPs, and C14-congener groups were predominant in MCCPs. High levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in domestic polymeric products implied that they might be a significant source to the environment and human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
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Soulen BK, Venables BJ, Johnston DW, Roberts AP. Accumulation of PBDEs in stranded harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the Northeastern United States. Mar Environ Res 2018; 138:96-101. [PMID: 29706368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly lipophilic components of brominated flame retardants that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulate. PBDEs are taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate mainly in fat depots and liver tissues. Seal species inhabiting Arctic and sub-Arctic regions can have upwards of 30% of their body mass composed of blubber. When those blubber stores are mobilized for energy, stored toxicants are also released into circulation. Most studies reporting accumulation of PBDEs in seals have focused on harbor and grey seals with few examining harp and hooded seals. In this study, PBDEs concentrations were analyzed in seal blubber from 21 stranded harp and 9 stranded hooded seals sampled along the northeast coast of the U.S. (1999-2010). A PBDE congener profile was determined for each individual. The results show that both species of seals are accumulating PBDEs with BDE-47 being the dominant congener. Mean ƩPBDE concentrations in harp seals were 70.55 ± 33.59 ng/g ww and for hooded seals 94.28 ± 42.65 ng/g ww. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies reporting a decrease in bioaccumulation with an increase in bromination. For both species, BDE-47 represented the highest percentage of the ƩPBDEs, composing over 50% of the ƩPBDEs in harp seals. When compared to stranding condition code, animals found alive had overall higher PBDE concentrations than those found in a state of moderate decomposition. This difference could be due to decreased blubber levels in the decomposed animals or potential degradation of the compounds in the blubber. Almost all seals used in this study were yearlings which is the most likely age class to strand. Yearling seals are at a crucial stage of development, especially of their immune system, which can be impacted by high levels of contaminants like PBDEs and increase the susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Soulen
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Barney J Venables
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - David W Johnston
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Dep. of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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Korucu MK. PCDD/F contamination on surface soil in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator: is it possible a different trend? Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:45. [PMID: 28039661 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the contamination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) on surface soils in the vicinity of the first hazardous waste incinerator of Turkey. In the study, 24 soil samples were taken from a 1625-m-radius circle whose center is the stack of the incinerator. This process was repeated 1 year later. Since the acquired average PCDD/F concentrations of the two sampling campaigns (0.05 and 0.02 ng WHO-toxic equivalent (TEQ)/kg) were meaningfully low compared to the related literatures, a new sampling campaign was carried out to control this inconsistency, but this time in a foreign laboratory (0.56 ng WHO-TEQ/kg). In the same period, eight gas samples were taken from the stack under different operational conditions of the facility. According to the evaluations of the findings, the geographical-meteorological data of the study area and the specific operational conditions of the facility corroborate the concentrations of the first and the second soil samplings rather than the third one. The major underlying reason for the inconsistency of the soil concentrations may be the fact that the data analysis procedures used by the laboratories are different. The author suggests a hypothesis which argues that the soils in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator may have significantly lower concentration levels than in related literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kemal Korucu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Yuan Z, Liu G, Lam MHW, Liu H, Da C. Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from the Yellow River Estuary, China. Environ Pollut 2016; 212:147-154. [PMID: 26845362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 21 surface sediments collected from the Yellow River Estuary, China were analyzed for 40 kinds of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their levels, spatial distribution, congener profiles and possible sources were investigated. Only ten congeners were detected in the sediments. The total concentrations of the lower brominated BDEs (∑PBDEslow, PBDEs excluding BDE 209) and BDE 209 ranged from 0.482 ng/g to 1.07 ng/g and 1.16-5.40 ng/g, with an average value of 0.690 and 2.79 ng/g, respectively, which were both at the low end of the global contamination level. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE 209, with the average value accounting for 79.2% of the total PBDEs in the sediment samples. Among the nine lower brominated BDE congeners, BDE 47, 99 and 183 had high abundances. Although the commercial Penta/Octa-BDE products have been banned in most countries, the residual commercial Penta/Octa/Deca-BDE products and the debromination of highly brominated BDE compounds such as BDE 209 were still found to be the possible sources for the trace level of PBDEs in the present study area. In spite of the gradual removal of the commercial PBDEs in the world, the present research results further suggested that scientific attention should not be reduced on the issue of environmental contamination caused by these outdated chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Michael Hon Wah Lam
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunnian Da
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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