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Axel AC, Harshbarger BM, Lewis RJ, Tecot SR. Consistency in Verreaux's sifaka home range and core area size despite seasonal variation in resource availability as assessed by Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23617. [PMID: 38467494 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Primates are adept at dealing with fluctuating availability of resources and display a range of responses to minimize the effects of food scarcity. An important component of primate conservation is to understand how primates adapt their foraging and ranging patterns in response to fluctuating food resources. Animals optimize resource acquisition within the home range through the selection of resource-bearing patches and choose between contrasting foraging strategies (resource-maximizing vs. area-minimizing). Our study aimed to characterize the foraging strategy of a folivorous primate, Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi), by evaluating whether group home range size varied between peak and lean leaf seasons within a seasonally dry tropical forest in Madagascar. We hypothesized that Verreaux's sifaka used the resource maximization strategy to select high-value resource patches so that during periods of resource depression, the home range area did not significantly change in size. We characterized resource availability (i.e., primary productivity) by season at Kirindy Mitea National Park using remotely-sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index data. We calculated group home ranges using 10 years of focal animal sampling data collected on eight groups using both 95% and 50% kernel density estimation. We used area accumulation curves to ensure each group had an adequate number of locations to reach seasonal home range asymptotes. Neither 95% home ranges nor 50% core areas differed across peak and lean leaf resource seasons, supporting the hypothesis that Verreaux's sifaka use a resource maximization strategy. With a better understanding of animal space use strategies, managers can model anticipated changes under environmental and/or anthropogenic resource depression scenarios. These findings demonstrate the value of long-term data for characterizing and understanding foraging and ranging patterns. We also illustrate the benefits of using satellite data for characterizing food resources for folivorous primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Axel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J Lewis
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Stacey R Tecot
- Laboratory for the Evolutionary Endocrinology of Primates, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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2
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Estrada GR, Marshall AJ. Terrestriality across the primate order: A review and analysis of ground use in primates. Evol Anthropol 2024:e22032. [PMID: 38736241 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Terrestriality is relatively rare in the predominantly arboreal primate order. How frequently, and when, terrestriality appears in primate evolution, and the factors that influence this behavior, are not well understood. To investigate this, we compiled data describing terrestriality in 515 extant nonhuman primate taxa. We describe the geographic and phylogenetic distribution of terrestriality, including an ancestral state reconstruction estimating the frequency and timing of evolutionary transitions to terrestriality. We review hypotheses concerning the evolution of primate terrestriality and test these using data we collected pertaining to characteristics including body mass and diet, and ecological factors including forest structure, food availability, weather, and predation pressure. Using Bayesian analyses, we find body mass and normalized difference vegetation index are the most reliable predictors of terrestriality. When considering subsets of taxa, we find ecological factors such as forest height and rainfall, and not body mass, are the most reliable predictors of terrestriality for platyrrhines and lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene R Estrada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Computing for the Arts and Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Li WB, Teng Y, Zhang MY, Shen Y, Liu JW, Qi JW, Wang XC, Wu RF, Li JH, Garber PA, Li M. Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non-human primates in China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17114. [PMID: 38273577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Mphethe V, Weier S, Westphal C, Linden B, Swanepoel L, Parker D, Taylor P. Epauletted fruit bats prefer native plants and contribute to seed dispersal in a South African agricultural landscape. Afr J Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vusani Mphethe
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Sina Weier
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Birthe Linden
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
- Lajuma Research Centre Louis Trichardt Limpopo Province South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology & Afromontane Research Unit University of the Free State Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
| | - Lourens Swanepoel
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - Daniel Parker
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Mbombela South Africa
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
| | - Peter Taylor
- SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture Thohoyandou South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology & Afromontane Research Unit University of the Free State Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
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5
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Dore KM, Gallagher CA, Mill AC. Telemetry-Based Assessment of Home Range to Estimate the Abundance of Invasive Green Monkeys on St. Kitts. CARIBB J SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v53i1.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M. Dore
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, U.S.A.; ORCID ID 0000-0002-9654-893X
| | - Christa A. Gallagher
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Aileen C. Mill
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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6
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Steffens KJE, Sanamo J, Razafitsalama J, Ganzhorn JU. Ground‐based vegetation descriptions and remote sensing as complementary methods describing habitat requirements of a frugivorous primate in northern Madagascar: implications for forest restoration. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. E. Steffens
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - J. Sanamo
- Département Sciences de la Nature et de l'Environnement, Facultés des Sciences Université d'Antsiranana Antsiranana Madagascar
| | | | - J. U. Ganzhorn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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7
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Vilette C, Bonnell T, Dostie M, Henzi S, Barrett L. Network formation during social integration in juvenile vervet monkeys. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Semel BP, Karpanty SM, Semel MA, Stauffer DF, Quéméré E, Walters JR, Andrianiaina AF, Rakotonanahary AN, Ranaivoson T, Rasolonirina DV, Vololonirina FF. Highly Variable Densities and a Decline in Critically Endangered Golden-Crowned Sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) Abundance from 2008–2018. INT J PRIMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-022-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Nord C, Bonnell T, Roth D, Clarke M, Dostie M, Henzi P, Barrett L. Fear of missing out? Personality and plasticity in food neophilia by wild vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus pygerythrus. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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10
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Harel R, Alavi S, Ashbury AM, Aurisano J, Berger-Wolf T, Davis GH, Hirsch BT, Kalbitzer U, Kays R, Mclean K, Núñez CL, Vining A, Walton Z, Havmøller RW, Crofoot MC. Life in 2.5D: Animal Movement in the Trees. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.801850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex, interconnected, and non-contiguous nature of canopy environments present unique cognitive, locomotor, and sensory challenges to their animal inhabitants. Animal movement through forest canopies is constrained; unlike most aquatic or aerial habitats, the three-dimensional space of a forest canopy is not fully realized or available to the animals within it. Determining how the unique constraints of arboreal habitats shape the ecology and evolution of canopy-dwelling animals is key to fully understanding forest ecosystems. With emerging technologies, there is now the opportunity to quantify and map tree connectivity, and to embed the fine-scale horizontal and vertical position of moving animals into these networks of branching pathways. Integrating detailed multi-dimensional habitat structure and animal movement data will enable us to see the world from the perspective of an arboreal animal. This synthesis will shed light on fundamental aspects of arboreal animals’ cognition and ecology, including how they navigate landscapes of risk and reward and weigh energetic trade-offs, as well as how their environment shapes their spatial cognition and their social dynamics.
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11
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García MG, de Guinea M, Bshary R, van de Waal E. Drivers and outcomes of between-group conflict in vervet monkeys. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210145. [PMID: 35369750 PMCID: PMC8977665 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighbouring groups compete over access to resources and territories in between-group encounters, which can escalate into between-group conflicts (BGCs). Both the ecological characteristics of a territory and the rival's fighting ability shape the occurrence and outcome of such contests. What remains poorly understood, however, is how seasonal variability in the ecological value of a territory together with fighting ability related to the likelihood of between-group encounters and the extent to which these escalate into conflicts. To test this, we observed and followed four vervet monkey groups in the wild, and recorded the group structure (i.e. size, composition), the locations and the outcomes of 515 BGCs. We then assessed key ecological measures at these locations, such as vegetation availability (estimated from Copernicus Sentinel 2 satellite images) and the intensity of usage of these locations. We tested to what extent these factors together influenced the occurrence and outcomes of BGCs. We found that the occurrence of BGCs increased at locations with higher vegetation availability relative to the annual vegetation availability within the group's home territory. Also, groups engaging in a BGC at locations far away from their home territory were less likely to win a BGC. Regarding group structure, we found that smaller groups systematically won BGCs against larger groups, which can be explained by potentially higher rates of individual free-riding occurring in larger groups. This study sheds light on how the ecology of encounter locations in combination with a group's social characteristics can critically impact the dynamics of BGCs in a non-human primate species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gareta García
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Eco-Ethology, Faculty of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Miguel de Guinea
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Redouan Bshary
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Eco-Ethology, Faculty of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Erica van de Waal
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal 3115, South Africa.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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12
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Sick and tired: sickness behaviour, polyparasitism and food stress in a gregarious mammal. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Blersch R, Bonnell TR, Barrett L, Henzi SP. Seasonal effects in gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, richness and intensity in vervet monkeys living in a semi‐arid environment. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Blersch
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - T. R. Bonnell
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
| | - L. Barrett
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - S. P. Henzi
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
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14
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Walton BJ, Findlay LJ, Hill RA. Insights into short- and long-term crop-foraging strategies in a chacma baboon ( Papio ursinus) from GPS and accelerometer data. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:990-1001. [PMID: 33520181 PMCID: PMC7820140 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop-foraging by animals is a leading cause of human-wildlife "conflict" globally, affecting farmers and resulting in the death of many animals in retaliation, including primates. Despite significant research into crop-foraging by primates, relatively little is understood about the behavior and movements of primates in and around crop fields, largely due to the limitations of traditional observational methods. Crop-foraging by primates in large-scale agriculture has also received little attention. We used GPS and accelerometer bio-loggers, along with environmental data, to gain an understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of activity for a female in a crop-foraging baboon group in and around commercial farms in South Africa over one year. Crop fields were avoided for most of the year, suggesting that fields are perceived as a high-risk habitat. When field visits did occur, this was generally when plant primary productivity was low, suggesting that crops were a "fallback food". All recorded field visits were at or before 15:00. Activity was significantly higher in crop fields than in the landscape in general, evidence that crop-foraging is an energetically costly strategy and that fields are perceived as a risky habitat. In contrast, activity was significantly lower within 100 m of the field edge than in the rest of the landscape, suggesting that baboons wait near the field edge to assess risks before crop-foraging. Together, this understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop-foraging can help to inform crop protection strategies and reduce conflict between humans and baboons in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Walton
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
| | | | - Russell A. Hill
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
- Primate & Predator ProjectLajuma Research CentreLouis Trichardt (Makhado)South Africa
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
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15
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Parker EJ, Hill RA, Allan ATL, Howlett C, Koyama NF. Influence of food availability, plant productivity, and indigenous forest use on ranging behavior of the endangered samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi), in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa. Integr Zool 2020; 15:385-400. [PMID: 32297450 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of ranging patterns in species susceptible to habitat fragmentation is fundamental for assessing their long-term adaptability to an increasingly human-dominated landscape. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the influence of ground-based food availability, remotely sensed plant productivity, and indigenous forest use on the ranging patterns of the endangered samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi). We collected monthly ranging data on two habituated samango monkey groups, from February 2012 to December 2016, from our field site in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa. We used linear mixed models to explore how food availability, plant productivity, and indigenous forest use influenced monthly ranging patterns, while controlling for group size, number of sample days and day length. We found that as more areas of high plant productivity (derived from remotely sensed EVI) were incorporated into the ranging area, both total and core monthly ranging areas decreased. In addition, both total ranging area and mean monthly daily path length decreased as more indigenous forest was incorporated into the ranging area. However, we found no effect of either ground-based food availability or remotely sensed plant productivity on ranging patterns. Our findings demonstrate the behavioral flexibility in samango monkey ranging, as samangos can utilize matrix habitat during periods of low productivity but are ultimately dependent on access to indigenous forest patches. In addition, we highlight the potential of using remotely sensed areas of high plant productivity to predict ranging patterns in a small ranging, forest-dwelling guenon, over ground-based estimates of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Parker
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Primate and Predator Project, Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa
| | - Russell A Hill
- Primate and Predator Project, Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Andrew T L Allan
- Primate and Predator Project, Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Caroline Howlett
- Primate and Predator Project, Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa.,School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - Nicola F Koyama
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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16
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Donati G, Campera M, Balestri M, Barresi M, Kesch K, Ndremifidy K, Rabenantoandro J, Racevska E, Randriatafika F, Ravaolahy M, Ravoahangy AM, Roma M, Rowe F, Santini L, Serra V, Zander SL, Tsagnangara C, Vincelette M, Ramanamanjato JB. Life in a fragment: Evolution of foraging strategies of translocated collared brown lemurs, Eulemur collaris, over an 18-year period. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23106. [PMID: 32072654 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While the drivers of primate persistence in forest fragments have been often considered at the population level, the strategies to persist in these habitats have been little investigated at the individual or group level. Considering the rapid variation of fragment characteristics over time, longitudinal data on primates living in fragmented habitats are necessary to understand the key elements for their persistence. Since translocated animals have to cope with unfamiliar areas and face unknown fluctuations in food abundance, they offer the opportunity to study the factors contributing to successful migration between fragments. Here, we illustrated the evolution of the foraging strategies of translocated collared brown lemurs (Eulemur collaris) over an 18-year period in the Mandena Conservation Zone, south-east Madagascar. Our aim was to explore the ability of these frugivorous lemurs to adjust to recently colonized fragmented forests. Although the lemurs remained mainly frugivorous throughout the study period, over the years we identified a reduction in the consumption of leaves and exotic/pioneer plant species. These adjustments were expected in frugivorous primates living in a degraded area, but we hypothesize that they may also reflect the initial need to cope with an unfamiliar environment after the translocation. Since fragmentation is often associated with the loss of large trees and native vegetation, we suggest that the availability of exotic and/or pioneer plant species can provide an easy-to-access, nonseasonal food resource and be a key factor for persistence during the initial stage of the recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Donati
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Campera
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Michela Balestri
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Barresi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Kelard Ndremifidy
- Departement Biologie Animale, Universite´ d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Elena Racevska
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Murielle Ravaolahy
- Departement Biologie Animale, Universite´ d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Marika Roma
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiona Rowe
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Research Council, Rome, Italy
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17
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Jarrett JD, Bonnell T, Jorgensen MJ, Schmitt CA, Young C, Dostie M, Barrett L, Henzi SP. Modeling variation in the growth of wild and captive juvenile vervet monkeys in relation to diet and resource availability. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:89-99. [PMID: 31675103 PMCID: PMC7449506 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare longitudinal weight gain in captive and wild juvenile vervet monkeys and conduct an empirical assessment of different mechanistic growth models. METHODS Weights were collected from two groups of captive monkeys and two consecutive cohorts of wild monkeys until the end of the juvenile period (~800 days). The captive groups were each fed different diets, while the wild groups experienced different ecological conditions. Three different growth curve models were compared. RESULTS By 800 days, the wild juveniles were lighter, with a slower maximum growth rate, and reached asymptote earlier than their captive counterparts. There were overall differences in weight and growth rate across the two wild cohorts. This corresponded to differences in resource availability. There was considerable overlap in growth rate and predicted adult weight of male and females in the first, but not the second, wild cohort. Maternal parity was not influential. While the von Bertalanffy curve provided the best fit to the data sets modeled together, the Logistic curve best described growth in the wild cohorts when considered separately. CONCLUSIONS The growth curves of the two captive cohorts are likely to lie near the maximum attainable by juvenile vervets. It may be helpful to include deviations from these rates when assessing the performance of wild vervet monkeys. The comparison of wild and captive juveniles confirmed the value of comparing different growth curve models, and an appreciation that the best models may well differ for different populations. Choice of mechanistic growth model can, therefore, be empirically justified, rather than theoretically predetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tyler Bonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Christopher Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of STET, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marcus Dostie
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Louise Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephanus Peter Henzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida, Gauteng, South Africa
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Ayers AM, Allan ATL, Howlett C, Tordiffe ASW, Williams KS, Williams ST, Hill RA. Illuminating movement? Nocturnal activity patterns in chacma baboons. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ayers
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - A. T. L. Allan
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - C. Howlett
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- School of Anthropology and Conservation The University of Kent Canterbury Kent UK
| | - A. S. W. Tordiffe
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - K. S. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - S. T. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE) Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
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Young C, Bonnell TR, Brown LR, Dostie MJ, Ganswindt A, Kienzle S, McFarland R, Henzi SP, Barrett L. Climate induced stress and mortality in vervet monkeys. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191078. [PMID: 31827846 PMCID: PMC6894595 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the effects of global climate change become more apparent, animal species will become increasingly affected by extreme climate and its effect on the environment. There is a pressing need to understand animal physiological and behavioural responses to climatic stressors. We used the reactive scope model as a framework to investigate the influence of drought conditions on vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) behaviour, physiological stress and survival across 2.5 years in South Africa. Data were collected on climatic, environmental and behavioural variables and physiological stress via faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs). There was a meaningful interaction between water availability and resource abundance: when food availability was high but standing water was unavailable, fGCM concentrations were higher compared to when food was abundant and water was available. Vervet monkeys adapted their behaviour during a drought period by spending a greater proportion of time resting at the expense of feeding, moving and social behaviour. As food availability decreased, vervet mortality increased. Peak mortality occurred when food availability was at its lowest and there was no standing water. A survival analysis revealed that higher fGCM concentrations were associated with an increased probability of mortality. Our results suggest that with continued climate change, the increasing prevalence of drought will negatively affect vervet abundance and distribution in our population. Our study contributes to knowledge of the limits and scope of behavioural and physiological plasticity among vervet monkeys in the face of rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Young
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler R. Bonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leslie R. Brown
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marcus J. Dostie
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Stefan Kienzle
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard McFarland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - S. Peter Henzi
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Louise Barrett
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Extensive vegetation browning and drying in forests of India's Tiger Reserves. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14976. [PMID: 31628360 PMCID: PMC6802094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest conservation includes stemming deforestation as well as preserving its vegetation condition. Traditional Protected Area (PA) effectiveness evaluations have assessed changes in forest extent but have mostly ignored vegetation condition. Tiger Reserves (TRs) are India’s PAs with highest protection and management resources. We used a before-after-control-impact-style design with long-term Landsat 5 TM data to evaluate the effects of protection elevation on vegetation condition (greenness and moisture) in 25 TRs. After declaration as TRs, vegetation condition in 13 TRs (52%) declined in more than 50% of their areas, with 12 TRs (48%) being overall better than their matched Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLSs; PAs with lower protection). In 8 of these TRs analysed for change from before to after declaration, vegetation condition in 5 TRs was harmed over more than 25% of their areas, with 3 TRs being overall better than their matched WLSs. Our results indicate extensive vegetation browning and drying in about half of the study TRs, with these trends often being similar or worse than in matched WLSs. These results suggest that TRs’ elevated protection alone may be insufficient to preserve vegetation condition and cast doubt on the effectiveness of protection elevation alone in safeguarding long-term viability of tiger habitats.
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21
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Thatcher HR, Downs CT, Koyama NF. Positive and Negative Interactions with Humans Concurrently Affect Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) Ranging Behavior. INT J PRIMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Gautam H, Arulmalar E, Kulkarni MR, Vidya TNC. NDVI is not reliable as a surrogate of forage abundance for a large herbivore in tropical forest habitat. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansraj Gautam
- Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
| | - Evangeline Arulmalar
- Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
| | - Mihir R. Kulkarni
- Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
| | - T. N. C. Vidya
- Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bengaluru India
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23
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de Raad AL, Hill RA. Topological spatial representation in wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). Anim Cogn 2019; 22:397-412. [PMID: 30852737 PMCID: PMC6459790 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many species orient towards specific locations to reach important resources using different cognitive mechanisms. Some of these, such as path integration, are now well understood, but the cognitive orientation mechanisms that underlie movements in non-human primates remain the subject of debate. To investigate whether movements of chacma baboons are more consistent with Euclidean or topological spatial awareness, we investigated whether baboons made repeated use of the same network of pathways and tested three predictions resulting from the hypothesized use of Euclidean and topological spatial awareness. We recorded ranging behaviour of a group of baboons during 234 full days and 137 partial days in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa. Results show that our baboons travelled through a dense network of repeated routes. In navigating this route network, the baboons did not approach travel goals from all directions, but instead approached them from a small number of the same directions, supporting topological spatial awareness. When leaving travel goals, baboons' initial travel direction was significantly different from the direction to the next travel goal, again supporting topological spatial awareness. Although we found that our baboons travelled with similar linearity in the core area as in the periphery of their home range, this did not provide conclusive evidence for the existence of Euclidean spatial awareness, since the baboons could have accumulated a similar knowledge of the periphery as of the core area. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that our baboons navigate using a topological map.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louise de Raad
- UHI Inverness College, University of the Highlands and Islands, 1 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, UK.
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - Russell A Hill
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Primate and Predator Project, Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Arseneau-Robar TJM, Taucher AL, Müller E, van Schaik C, Bshary R, Willems EP. Female monkeys use both the carrot and the stick to promote male participation in intergroup fights. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1817. [PMID: 27881752 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Group-level cooperation often poses a social dilemma in which joint action may be difficult to achieve. Theoretical models and experimental work on humans show that social incentives, such as punishment of defectors and rewarding of cooperators, can promote cooperation in groups of unrelated individuals. Here, we demonstrate that these processes can operate in a non-human animal species, and be used to effectively promote the production of a public good. We took advantage of the fact that intergroup fights in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) are characterized by episodes of intergroup aggression with pauses in-between. During pauses, females selectively groomed males that had participated in the previous aggressive episode, but aggressed male group members that had not. In subsequent (i.e. future) episodes, males who had received either aggression or grooming participated above their personal base-line level. Therefore, female-male aggression and grooming both appear to function as social incentives that effectively promote male participation in intergroup fights. Importantly, females stood to gain much from recruiting males as the probability of winning intergroup fights was dependent on the number of active participants, relative to the number of fighters in the opposing group. Furthermore, females appear to maximize the benefits gained from recruiting males as they primarily used social incentives where and when high-quality food resources, which are the resources primarily limiting to female fitness, were at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jean Marie Arseneau-Robar
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland .,Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Anouk Lisa Taucher
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Eliane Müller
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Carel van Schaik
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Redouan Bshary
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.,Department of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Erik P Willems
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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25
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Soria-Díaz L, Fowler MS, Monroy-Vilchis O. Top-down and bottom-up control on cougar and its prey in a central Mexican natural reserve. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Lewis MC, O’Riain MJ. Foraging Profile, Activity Budget and Spatial Ecology of Exclusively Natural-Foraging Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. INT J PRIMATOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-017-9978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Predicting Optimal Release Sites for Rehabilitated Monkeys: a Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) Case Study. INT J PRIMATOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-017-9956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Intra- and interindividual differences in the costs and benefits of intergroup aggression in female vervet monkeys. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Börger L. EDITORIAL: Stuck in motion? Reconnecting questions and tools in movement ecology. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:5-10. [PMID: 26768334 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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31
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Johnson C, Piel AK, Forman D, Stewart FA, King AJ. The ecological determinants of baboon troop movements at local and continental scales. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:14. [PMID: 26137307 PMCID: PMC4487562 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How an animal moves through its environment directly impacts its survival, reproduction, and thus biological fitness. A basic measure describing how an individual (or group) travels through its environment is Day Path Length (DPL), i.e., the distance travelled in a 24-hour period. Here, we investigate the ecological determinants of baboon (Papio spp.) troop DPL and movements at local and continental scales. RESULTS At the continental scale we explore the ecological determinants of annual mean DPL for 47 baboon troops across 23 different populations, updating a classic study by Dunbar (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 31: 35-49, 1992). We find that variation in baboon DPLs is predicted by ecological dissimilarity across the genus range. Troops that experience higher average monthly rainfall and anthropogenic influences have significantly shorter DPL, whilst troops that live in areas with higher average annual temperatures have significantly longer DPL. We then explore DPLs and movement characteristics (the speed and distribution of turning angles) for yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at a local scale, in the Issa Valley of western Tanzania. We show that our continental-scale model is a good predictor of DPL in Issa baboons, and that troops move significantly slower, and over shorter distances, on warmer days. We do not find any effect of season or the abundance of fruit resources on the movement characteristics or DPL of Issa baboons, but find that baboons moved less during periods of high fruit availability. CONCLUSION Overall, this study emphasises the ability of baboons to adapt their ranging behaviour to a range of ecological conditions and highlights how investigations of movement patterns at different spatial scales can provide a more thorough understanding of the ecological determinants of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspian Johnson
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alex K Piel
- />Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Forman
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- />Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J King
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Buchin K, Sijben S, van Loon EE, Sapir N, Mercier S, Marie Arseneau TJ, Willems EP. Deriving movement properties and the effect of the environment from the Brownian bridge movement model in monkeys and birds. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:18. [PMID: 26078868 PMCID: PMC4466871 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) provides a biologically sound approximation of the movement path of an animal based on discrete location data, and is a powerful method to quantify utilization distributions. Computing the utilization distribution based on the BBMM while calculating movement parameters directly from the location data, may result in inconsistent and misleading results. We show how the BBMM can be extended to also calculate derived movement parameters. Furthermore we demonstrate how to integrate environmental context into a BBMM-based analysis. RESULTS We develop a computational framework to analyze animal movement based on the BBMM. In particular, we demonstrate how a derived movement parameter (relative speed) and its spatial distribution can be calculated in the BBMM. We show how to integrate our framework with the conceptual framework of the movement ecology paradigm in two related but acutely different ways, focusing on the influence that the environment has on animal movement. First, we demonstrate an a posteriori approach, in which the spatial distribution of average relative movement speed as obtained from a "contextually naïve" model is related to the local vegetation structure within the monthly ranging area of a group of wild vervet monkeys. Without a model like the BBMM it would not be possible to estimate such a spatial distribution of a parameter in a sound way. Second, we introduce an a priori approach in which atmospheric information is used to calculate a crucial parameter of the BBMM to investigate flight properties of migrating bee-eaters. This analysis shows significant differences in the characteristics of flight modes, which would have not been detected without using the BBMM. CONCLUSIONS Our algorithm is the first of its kind to allow BBMM-based computation of movement parameters beyond the utilization distribution, and we present two case studies that demonstrate two fundamentally different ways in which our algorithm can be applied to estimate the spatial distribution of average relative movement speed, while interpreting it in a biologically meaningful manner, across a wide range of environmental scenarios and ecological contexts. Therefore movement parameters derived from the BBMM can provide a powerful method for movement ecology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Buchin
- />Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Sijben
- />Faculty of Mathematics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - E Emiel van Loon
- />Computational Geo-Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nir Sapir
- />Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, The University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stéphanie Mercier
- />Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik P Willems
- />Anthropological Institute & Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Youngentob KN, Yoon HJ, Stein J, Lindenmayer DB, Held AA. Where the wild things are: using remotely sensed forest productivity to assess arboreal marsupial species richness and abundance. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kara N. Youngentob
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
- Land and Water; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Hwan-Jin Yoon
- The Statistical Consulting Unit; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - John Stein
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- The Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Alex A. Held
- Land and Water; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Canberra ACT Australia
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Guy AJ, Curnoe D, Stone OM. Assessing the Release Success of Rehabilitated Vervet Monkeys in South Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3957/056.045.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Guy
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Darren Curnoe
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Olivia M.L. Stone
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
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Linden B, Linden J, Fischer F, Linsenmair KE. Seed Dispersal by South Africa's Only Forest-Dwelling Guenon, the Samango Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3957/056.045.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Linden
- Department of Zoology & SARChl Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950 South Africa
| | - Jabu Linden
- Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, P.O. Box 1536, Makhado, 0920 South Africa, and SARChl Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950 South Africa
| | - Frauke Fischer
- Department of Animal Ecology & Tropical Biology, Biocenter — Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - K. Eduard Linsenmair
- Department of Animal Ecology & Tropical Biology, Biocenter — Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Demšar U, Buchin K, Cagnacci F, Safi K, Speckmann B, Van de Weghe N, Weiskopf D, Weibel R. Analysis and visualisation of movement: an interdisciplinary review. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:5. [PMID: 25874114 PMCID: PMC4395897 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The processes that cause and influence movement are one of the main points of enquiry in movement ecology. However, ecology is not the only discipline interested in movement: a number of information sciences are specialising in analysis and visualisation of movement data. The recent explosion in availability and complexity of movement data has resulted in a call in ecology for new appropriate methods that would be able to take full advantage of the increasingly complex and growing data volume. One way in which this could be done is to form interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and experts from information sciences that analyse movement. In this paper we present an overview of new movement analysis and visualisation methodologies resulting from such an interdisciplinary research network: the European COST Action "MOVE - Knowledge Discovery from Moving Objects" (http://www.move-cost.info). This international network evolved over four years and brought together some 140 researchers from different disciplines: those that collect movement data (out of which the movement ecology was the largest represented group) and those that specialise in developing methods for analysis and visualisation of such data (represented in MOVE by computational geometry, geographic information science, visualisation and visual analytics). We present MOVE achievements and at the same time put them in ecological context by exploring relevant ecological themes to which MOVE studies do or potentially could contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Demšar
- />School of Geography & Geosciences, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 9AL UK
| | - Kevin Buchin
- />Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- />Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Kamran Safi
- />Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Munich, Germany
- />Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bettina Speckmann
- />Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Weiskopf
- />Visualization Research Center, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Weibel
- />Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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The 2D:4D digit ratio and social behaviour in wild female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in relation to dominance, aggression, interest in infants, affiliation and heritability. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Nowak K, le Roux A, Richards SA, Scheijen CP, Hill RA. Human observers impact habituated samango monkeys’ perceived landscape of fear. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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McClintic LF, Taylor JD, Jones JC, Singleton RD, Wang G. Effects of spatiotemporal resource heterogeneity on home range size of American beaver. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. F. McClintic
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - J. D. Taylor
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Corvallis OR USA
| | - J. C. Jones
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
| | - R. D. Singleton
- United States Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center; Corvallis OR USA
| | - G. Wang
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture; Mississippi State University; Mississippi State MS USA
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40
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Living in a landscape of fear: the impact of predation, resource availability and habitat structure on primate range use. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Evidence of a high density population of harvested leopards in a montane environment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82832. [PMID: 24349375 PMCID: PMC3857283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of large carnivores can persist in mountainous environments following extensive land use change and the conversion of suitable habitat for agriculture and human habitation in lower lying areas of their range. The significance of these populations is poorly understood, however, and little attention has focussed on why certain mountainous areas can hold high densities of large carnivores and what the conservation implications of such populations might be. Here we use the leopard (Panthera pardus) population in the western Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa, as a model system and show that montane habitats can support high numbers of leopards. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) analysis recorded the highest density of leopards reported outside of state-protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This density represents a temporally high local abundance of leopards and we explore the explanations for this alongside some of the potential conservation implications.
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42
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Dunn J, Cardini A, Elton S. Biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline. J Anat 2013; 223:337-52. [PMID: 24028342 PMCID: PMC3791127 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
All species demonstrate intraspecific anatomical variation. While generalisations such as Bergman's and Allen's rules have attempted to explain the geographic structuring of variation with some success, recent work has demonstrated limited support for these in certain Old World monkeys. This study extends this research to the baboon: a species that is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa and exhibits clinal variation across an environmentally disparate range. This study uses trend surface analysis to map the pattern of skull variation in size and shape in order to visualise the main axes of morphological variation. Patterns of shape and size-controlled shape are compared to highlight morphological variation that is underpinned by allometry alone. Partial regression is used to dissociate the effects of environmental terms, such as rainfall, temperature and spatial position. The diminutive Kinda baboon is outlying in size, so analyses were carried out with and without this taxon. Skull size variation demonstrates an east-west pattern, with small animals at the two extremes and large animals in Central and Southern Africa. Shape variation demonstrates the same geographical pattern as skull size, with small-sized animals exhibiting classic paedomorphic morphology. However, an additional north-south axis of variation emerges. After controlling for skull size, the diminutive Kinda baboon is no longer an outlier for size and shape. Also, the east-west component is no longer evident and discriminant function analysis shows an increased misclassification of adjacent taxa previously differentiated by size. This demonstrates the east-west component of shape variation is underpinned by skull size, while the north-south axis is not. The latter axis is explicable in phylogenetic terms: baboons arose in Southern Africa and colonised East and West Africa to the north, diverging in the process, aided by climate-mediated isolating mechanisms. Environmental terms appear poorly correlated with shape variation compared with geography. This might indicate that there is no simple environment-morphology association, but certainly demonstrates that phylogenetic history is an overbearing factor in baboon morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dunn
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of HullHull, UK
| | - Andrea Cardini
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of HullHull, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham, UK
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Bradley BA, Olsson AD, Wang O, Dickson BG, Pelech L, Sesnie SE, Zachmann LJ. Species detection vs. habitat suitability: Are we biasing habitat suitability models with remotely sensed data? Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Mantled Howler (Alouatta palliata) Arboreal Pathway Networks: Relative Impacts of Resource Availability and Forest Structure. INT J PRIMATOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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