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Korneck M, Leonhardt A, Schöls L, Hauser S. Generation of homozygous and heterozygous REEP1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Stem Cell Res 2024; 77:103378. [PMID: 38479332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
REEP1 is a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that is involved in shaping and remodeling of the ER. Mutations in REEP1 cause SPG31, an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Here we show the generation of a homozygous and a heterozygous REEP1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cell line suitable for in vitro disease modelling using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korneck
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Leonhardt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Schöls
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Hauser
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Ferrario A, Aliu N, Rieubland C, Vuilleumier S, Grabe HM, Escher P. Expanding Genotype/Phenotype Correlation in 2p11.2-p12 Microdeletion Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2222. [PMID: 38137045 PMCID: PMC10742694 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities on the short arm of chromosome 2 in the region p11.2 have been associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial anomalies, abnormal ears, skeletal and genital malformations. Here we describe a patient with a de novo interstitial heterozygous microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 2 in the region p11.2-p12. He presents with facial dysmorphism characterized by a broad and low root of the nose and low-set protruding ears. Clinical examinations during follow-up visits revealed congenital pendular nystagmus, decreased visual acuity and psychomotor development disorder including intellectual disability. The heterozygous 5 Mb-microdeletion was characterized by an array CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) analysis. In the past two decades, nine patients with microdeletions in this region have been identified by array CGH analysis and were reported in the literature. All these patients show psychomotor development disorder and outer and/or inner ear anomalies. In addition, most of the patients have mild to severe intellectual disability and show facial malformations. We reviewed the literature on PubMed and OMIM using the gene/loci names as search terms in an attempt to identify correlations between genes located within the heterozygous microdeletion and the clinical phenotype of the patient, in order to define a recognizable phenotype for the 2p11.2p12 microdeletion syndrome. We discuss additional symptoms that are not systematically present in all patients and contribute to a heterogeneous clinical presentation of this microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferrario
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.F.); (S.V.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Nijas Aliu
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.)
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (N.A.)
| | - Sébastian Vuilleumier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.F.); (S.V.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Hilary M. Grabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.F.); (S.V.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Pascal Escher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.F.); (S.V.); (H.M.G.)
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Ghasemi A, Sadr Z, Babanejad M, Rohani M, Alavi A. Copy Number Variations in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia-Related Genes: Evaluation of an Iranian Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Cohort and Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:477-484. [PMID: 38058755 PMCID: PMC10697729 DOI: 10.1159/000531507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In human genetic disorders, copy number variations (CNVs) are considered a considerable underlying cause. CNVs are generally detected by array-based methods but can also be discovered by read-depth analysis of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data. We performed WES-based CNV identification in a cohort of 35 Iranian families with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) patients. Methods Thirty-five patients whose routine single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion/deletion analyses from exome data were unrevealing underwent a pipeline of CNV analysis using the read-depth detection method. Subsequently, a comprehensive search about the existence of CNVs in all 84 known HSP-causing genes was carried out in all reported HSP cases, so far. Results and Discussion CNV analysis of exome data indicated that 1 patient harbored a heterozygous deletion in exon 17 of the SPAST gene. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis confirmed this deletion in the proband and his affected father. Literature review demonstrated that, to date, pathogenic CNVs have been identified in 30 out of 84 HSP-causing genes (∼36%). However, CNVs in only 17 of these genes were specifically associated with the HSP phenotype. Among them, CNVs were more common in L1CAM, PLP1, SPAST, SPG7, SPG11, and REEP1 genes. The identification of the CNV in 1 of our patients suggests that WES allows the detection of both SNVs and CNVs from a single method without additional costs and execution time. However, because of intrinsic issues of WES in the detection of large rearrangements, it may not yet be exploited to replace the CNV detection methods in standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Ghasemi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadr
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Babanejad
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qin S, You P, Yu H, Su B. REEP1 Preserves Motor Function in SOD1 G93A Mice by Improving Mitochondrial Function via Interaction with NDUFA4. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:929-946. [PMID: 36520405 PMCID: PMC10264344 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in the activities of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes has been consistently reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and animal models of ALS, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we report that receptor expression enhancing protein 1 (REEP1) acts as an important regulator of complex IV assembly, which is pivotal to preserving motor neurons in SOD1G93A mice. We found the expression of REEP1 was greatly reduced in transgenic SOD1G93A mice with ALS. Moreover, forced expression of REEP1 in the spinal cord extended the lifespan, decelerated symptom progression, and improved the motor performance of SOD1G93A mice. The neuromuscular synaptic loss, gliosis, and even motor neuron loss in SOD1G93A mice were alleviated by increased REEP1 through augmentation of mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, REEP1 associates with NDUFA4, and plays an important role in preserving the integrity of mitochondrial complex IV. Our findings offer insights into the pathogenic mechanism of REEP1 deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases and suggest a new therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Pan You
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Xiang Y, Lyu R, Hu J. Oligomeric scaffolding for curvature generation by ER tubule-forming proteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2617. [PMID: 37147312 PMCID: PMC10162974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reticulons and receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are necessary and sufficient for generating ER tubules. However, the mechanism of curvature generation remains elusive. Here, we systematically analyze components of the REEP family based on AI-predicted structures. In yeast REEP Yop1p, TM1/2 and TM3/4 form hairpins and TM2-4 exist as a bundle. Site-directed cross-linking reveals that TM2 and TM4 individually mediate homotypic dimerization, allowing further assembly into a curved shape. Truncated Yop1p lacking TM1 (equivalent to REEP1) retains the curvature-generating capability, undermining the role of the intrinsic wedge. Unexpectedly, both REEP1 and REEP5 fail to replace Yop1p in the maintenance of ER morphology, mostly due to a subtle difference in oligomerization tendency, which involves not only the TM domains, but also the TM-connecting cytosolic loop and previously neglected C-terminal helix. Several hereditary spastic paraplegia-causing mutations in REEP1 appear at the oligomeric interfaces identified here, suggesting compromised self-association of REEP as a pathogenic mechanism. These results indicate that membrane curvature stabilization by integral membrane proteins is dominantly achieved by curved, oligomeric scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Lyu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Synofzik M, Rugarli E, Reid E, Schüle R. Ataxia and spastic paraplegia in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:79-98. [PMID: 36813322 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) form a continuous, often overlapping disease spectrum sharing not only phenotypic features and underlying genes, but also cellular pathways and disease mechanisms. Mitochondrial metabolism presents a major molecular theme underlying both multiple ataxias and HSPs, thus indicating a heightened vulnerability of Purkinje cells, spinocerebellar tracts, and motor neurons to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is of particular interest for translational approaches. Mitochondrial dysfunction might be the primary (upstream) or secondary (downstream) result of a genetic defect, with underlying genetic defects in nuclear-encoded genes being much more frequent than in mtDNA genes in both, ataxias and HSPs. Here, we outline the substantial number of ataxias, spastic ataxias and HSPs caused by mutated genes implicated in (primary or secondary) mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting several key "mitochondrial" ataxias and HSPs which are of particular interest for their frequency, pathogenesis and translational opportunities. We then showcase prototypic mitochondrial mechanisms by which disruption of these ataxia and HSP genes contributes to Purkinje cells or corticospinal neuron dysfunction, thus elucidating hypotheses on Purkinje cells and corticospinal neuron vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Elena Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Naef V, Meschini MC, Tessa A, Morani F, Corsinovi D, Ogi A, Marchese M, Ori M, Santorelli FM, Doccini S. Converging Role for REEP1/SPG31 in Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043527. [PMID: 36834939 PMCID: PMC9959426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 gene (REEP1) are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 31 (SPG31), a neurological disorder characterized by length-dependent degeneration of upper motor neuron axons. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been observed in patients harboring pathogenic variants in REEP1, suggesting a key role of bioenergetics in disease-related manifestations. Nevertheless, the regulation of mitochondrial function in SPG31 remains unclear. To elucidate the pathophysiology underlying REEP1 deficiency, we analyzed in vitro the impact of two different mutations on mitochondrial metabolism. Together with mitochondrial morphology abnormalities, loss-of-REEP1 expression highlighted a reduced ATP production with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Furthermore, to translate these findings from in vitro to preclinical models, we knocked down REEP1 in zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae showed a significant defect in motor axon outgrowth leading to motor impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Protective antioxidant agents such as resveratrol rescued free radical overproduction and ameliorated the SPG31 phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings offer new opportunities to counteract neurodegeneration in SPG31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria C. Meschini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Morani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Debora Corsinovi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Asahi Ogi
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Marchese
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Ori
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886-311
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8
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Fink JK. The hereditary spastic paraplegias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:59-88. [PMID: 37620092 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of more than 90 genetic disorders in which lower extremity spasticity and weakness are either the primary neurologic impairments ("uncomplicated HSP") or when accompanied by other neurologic deficits ("complicated HSP"), important features of the clinical syndrome. Various genetic types of HSP are inherited such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and maternal (mitochondrial) traits. Symptoms that begin in early childhood may be nonprogressive and resemble spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Symptoms that begin later, typically progress insidiously over a number of years. Genetic testing is able to confirm the diagnosis for many subjects. Insights from gene discovery indicate that abnormalities in diverse molecular processes underlie various forms of HSP, including disturbance in axon transport, endoplasmic reticulum morphogenesis, vesicle transport, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathologic studies in "uncomplicated" HSP have shown axon degeneration particularly involving the distal ends of corticospinal tracts and dorsal column fibers. Treatment is limited to symptom reduction including amelioration of spasticity, reducing urinary urgency, proactive physical therapy including strengthening, stretching, balance, and agility exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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9
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Copy number variations on chromosome 2: impact on human phenotype, a cross-sectional study. Porto Biomed J 2023; 8:e198. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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10
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Fan S, Liu H, Li L. The REEP family of proteins: molecular targets and role in pathophysiology. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106477. [PMID: 36191880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) are an evolutionarily conserved protein family that is pivotal to the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The REEP family can be classified into two major subfamilies in higher species, the REEP1-4 and REEP5-6 subfamilies. Within the REEP1-4 subfamily, REEP1 and REEP2 are closely related, and REEP3 and REEP4 are similarly related. The REEP family is widely distributed in various tissues. Recent studies indicate that the REEP family is involved in many pathological and physiological processes, such as ER morphogenesis and remodeling, microtubule cytoskeleton regulation, and the trafficking and expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Moreover, the REEP family plays crucial roles in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including neurological diseases, diabetes, retinal diseases, cardiac diseases, infertility, obesity, oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (OJIA), COVID-19, and cancer. In the present review, we describe the distribution and structure of the REEP family. Furthermore, we summarize the functions and the associated diseases of this family. Based on the pleiotropic actions of the REEP family, the study of its family members is crucial to understanding the relevant pathophysiological processes and developing strategies to modulate and control these related diseases. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Fan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Huimei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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11
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Zhu PP, Hung HF, Batchenkova N, Nixon-Abell J, Henderson J, Zheng P, Renvoisé B, Pang S, Xu CS, Saalfeld S, Funke J, Xie Y, Svara F, Hess HF, Blackstone C. Transverse endoplasmic reticulum expansion in hereditary spastic paraplegia corticospinal axons. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2779-2795. [PMID: 35348668 PMCID: PMC9402237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a large group of inherited neurologic disorders affecting the longest corticospinal axons (SPG1-86 plus others), with shared manifestations of lower extremity spasticity and gait impairment. Common autosomal dominant HSPs are caused by mutations in genes encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin (SPAST; SPG4), the membrane-bound GTPase atlastin-1 (ATL1; SPG3A) and the reticulon-like, microtubule-binding protein REEP1 (REEP1; SPG31). These proteins bind one another and function in shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Typically, mouse models of HSPs have mild, later onset phenotypes, possibly reflecting far shorter lengths of their corticospinal axons relative to humans. Here, we have generated a robust, double mutant mouse model of HSP in which atlastin-1 is genetically modified with a K80A knock-in (KI) missense change that abolishes its GTPase activity, whereas its binding partner Reep1 is knocked out. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice exhibit early onset and rapidly progressive declines in several motor function tests. Also, ER in mutant corticospinal axons dramatically expands transversely and periodically in a mutation dosage-dependent manner to create a ladder-like appearance, on the basis of reconstructions of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy datasets using machine learning-based auto-segmentation. In lockstep with changes in ER morphology, axonal mitochondria are fragmented and proportions of hypophosphorylated neurofilament H and M subunits are dramatically increased in Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- spinal cord. Co-occurrence of these findings links ER morphology changes to alterations in mitochondrial morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice represent an early onset rodent HSP model with robust behavioral and cellular readouts for testing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Zhu
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui-Fang Hung
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Natalia Batchenkova
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James Henderson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Renvoisé
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabian Svara
- ariadne.ai ag, CH-6033 Buchrain, Switzerland
- Research Center Caesar, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Hata T, Nan H, Koh K, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y. A clinical and genetic study of SPG31 in Japan. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:421-425. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031697. [PMID: 35163618 PMCID: PMC8835766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with the predominant clinical manifestation of spasticity in the lower extremities. HSP is categorised based on inheritance, the phenotypic characters, and the mode of molecular pathophysiology, with frequent degeneration in the axon of cervical and thoracic spinal cord’s lateral region, comprising the corticospinal routes. The prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 9.6 subjects per 100,000 reported around the globe. Though modern medical interventions help recognize and manage the disorder, the symptomatic measures remain below satisfaction. The present review assimilates the available data on HSP and lists down the chromosomes involved in its pathophysiology and the mutations observed in the respective genes on the chromosomes. It also sheds light on the treatment available along with the oral/intrathecal medications, physical therapies, and surgical interventions. Finally, we have discussed the related diagnostic techniques as well as the linked pharmacogenomics studies under future perspectives.
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14
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Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G. Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2022; 145:1029-1037. [PMID: 34983064 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to rare genetic neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative disorders in which spasticity due to length-dependent damage to the upper motor neuron is a core sign. Their high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes their diagnosis challenging. Multigene panels allow a high-throughput targeted analysis of the increasing number of genes involved using next-generation sequencing. We report here the clinical and genetic results of 1550 index cases tested for variants in a panel of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes analyzed in routine diagnosis. A causative variant was found in 475 patients (30.7%) in 35/65 screened genes. SPAST and SPG7 were the most frequently mutated genes, representing 142 (9.2%) and 75 (4.8%) index cases of the whole series, respectively. KIF1A, ATL1, SPG11, KIF5A and REEP1 represented more than 1% (> 17 cases) each. There were 661 causative variants (382 different ones) and 30 of them were structural variants. This large cohort allowed us obtaining an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in clinical practice. Because of the wide phenotypic variability, there was no very specific sign that could predict the causative gene but there were some constellations of symptoms that were found often related to specific subtypes. Finally, we confirmed the diagnostic effectiveness of a targeted sequencing panel as a first-line genetic test in hereditary spastic paraplegia. This is a pertinent strategy because of the relative frequency of several known genes (i.e.: SPAST, KIF1A) and it allows identifying variants in the rarest involved genes and to detect structural rearrangements via coverage analysis, which is less efficient in exome data sets. It is crucial because these structural variants represent a significant proportion of the pathogenic hereditary spastic paraplegia variants (∼6% of patients), notably for SPAST and REEP1. In a subset of 42 index cases negative for the targeted multigene panel, subsequent whole exome sequencing allowed to reach a theoretical diagnosis yield of ∼50%. We then propose a two-step strategy combining the use of a panel of genes followed by whole exome sequencing in negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Méreaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Papin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Valter
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Bophara Kol
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ariste
- GenoDiag-GenoSplice, Paris Biotech Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Livia Parodi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Laurène Tissier
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Samia Ait Said
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Celia Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Forlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
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15
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Baviera-Muñoz R, Martínez-Rubio D, Sastre-Bataller I, Campins-Romeu M, Losada-López M, Pérez-García J, Novella-Maestre E, Martínez-Torres I, Espinós C. A 3.9-Mb Deletion on 2p11.2 Comprising the REEP1 Gene Causes Early-Onset Atypical Parkinsonism. Neurol Genet 2021; 7:e642. [PMID: 34825060 PMCID: PMC8610491 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baviera-Muñoz
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Martínez-Rubio
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre-Bataller
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Campins-Romeu
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireya Losada-López
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-García
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Edurne Novella-Maestre
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Torres
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Health Research Institute (R.B.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.), Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Joint Units INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases (D.M.-R., C.E.); Movement Disorders Unit (I.S.-B., M.C.-R., M.L.-L., J.P.-G., I.M.-T.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Genetics (E.N.-M.), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; and Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) (E.N.-M.), Valencia, Spain
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16
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Yechieli M, Gulsuner S, Ben-Pazi H, Fattal A, Aran A, Kuzminsky A, Sagi L, Guttman D, Schneebaum Sender N, Gross-Tsur V, Klopstock T, Walsh T, Renbaum P, Zeligson S, Shemer Meiri L, Lev D, Shmueli D, Blumkin L, Lahad A, King MC, Levy EL, Segel R. Diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray and trio whole exome sequencing in cryptogenic cerebral palsy. J Med Genet 2021; 59:759-767. [PMID: 34321325 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the yield of genetic diagnoses using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and trio whole exome sequencing (WES), separately and combined, among patients with cryptogenic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Trio WES of patients with prior CMA analysis for cryptogenic CP, defined as disabling, non-progressive motor symptoms beginning before the age of 3 years without known cause. RESULTS Given both CMA analysis and trio WES, clinically significant genetic findings were identified for 58% of patients (26 of 45). Diagnoses were eight large CNVs detected by CMA and 18 point mutations detected by trio WES. None had more than one severe mutation. Approximately half of events (14 of 26) were de novo. Yield was significantly higher in patients with CP with comorbidities (69%, 22 of 32) than in those with pure motor CP (31%, 4 of 13; p=0.02). Among patients with genetic diagnoses, CNVs were more frequent than point mutations among patients with congenital anomalies (OR 7.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 52.4) or major dysmorphic features (OR 10.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 73.7). Clinically significant mutations were identified in 18 different genes: 14 with known involvement in CP-related disorders and 4 responsible for other neurodevelopmental conditions. Three possible new candidate genes for CP were ARGEF10, RTF1 and TAOK3. CONCLUSIONS Cryptogenic CP is genetically highly heterogeneous. Genomic analysis has a high yield and is warranted in all these patients. Trio WES has higher yield than CMA, except in patients with congenital anomalies or major dysmorphic features, but these methods are complementary. Patients with negative results with one approach should also be tested by the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Yechieli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hilla Ben-Pazi
- Pediatric Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviva Fattal
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Aran
- Pediatric Neurology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alla Kuzminsky
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Sagi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dafna Guttman
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nira Schneebaum Sender
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Varda Gross-Tsur
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tehila Klopstock
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tom Walsh
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Dorit Lev
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Dorit Shmueli
- Child Development Services, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Luba Blumkin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology, Edith Wolfson Hospital, Holon, Israel
| | - Amnon Lahad
- Braun School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ephrat Lahad Levy
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reeval Segel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel .,Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Rudenskaya GE, Kadnikova VA, Bessonova LA, Sparber PA, Kurbatov SA, Mironovich OL, Konovalov FA, Ryzhkova OP. [Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegias]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:75-87. [PMID: 34184482 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and spectrum of infrequent autosomal dominant spastic paraplegias in a group of families with DNA-confirmed diagnosis and to investigate their molecular and clinical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten families with 6 AD-SPG: SPG6 (n=1), SPG8 (n=2), SPG9A (n=1), SPG12 (n=1), SPG17 (n=3), SPG31 (n=2) were studied using clinical, genealogical, molecular-genetic (massive parallel sequencing, spastic paraplegia panel, whole-exome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent amplification, Sanger sequencing) and bioinformatic methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Nine heterozygous mutations were detected in 6 genes, including the common de novo mutation p.Gly106Arg in NIPA1 (SPG6), the earlier reported mutation p.Val626Phe in WASHC5 (SPG8) in isolated case and the novel p.Val695Ala in WASHC5 (SPG8) in a family with 4 patients, the novel mutation p.Thr301Arg in RTN2 (SPG12) in a family with 2 patients, the novel mutation c.105+4A>G in REEP1 (SPG31) in a family with 4 patients and the reported earlier p.Lys101Lys in REEP1 (SPG31) in a family with 3 patients, the known de novo mutation p.Arg252Gln in ALDH18A1 (SPG9A) in two monozygous twins; the common mutation p.Ser90Leu in BSCL2 (SPG17) in a family with 3 patients and in isolated case, reported mutation p.Leu363Pro in a family with 2 patients. SPG6, SPG8, SPG12 and SPG31 presented 'pure' phenotypes, SPG31 had most benign course. Age of onset varied in SPG31 family and was atypically early in SPG6 case. Patients with SPG9A and SPG17 had 'complicated' paraplegias; amyotrophy of hands typical for SPG17 was absent in a child and in an adolescent from 2 families, but may develop later.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Rudenskaya
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Kadnikova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Bessonova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Sparber
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Kurbatov
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center, Vodonezh, Russia
| | - O L Mironovich
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - F A Konovalov
- Genomed LLC, Laboratory of Clinical Bioinformatics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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19
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Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041798. [PMID: 33670312 PMCID: PMC7918155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth.
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20
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Lafontaine M, Lia AS, Bourthoumieu S, Beauvais-Dzugan H, Derouault P, Arné-Bes MC, Sarret C, Laffargue F, Magot A, Sturtz F, Magy L, Magdelaine C. Clinical features of homozygous FIG4-p.Ile41Thr Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4J patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:471-476. [PMID: 33405357 PMCID: PMC7886039 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and genetic findings of three homozygous FIG4‐c.122T>C patients suffering from Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 4J (AR‐CMT‐FIG4). This syndrome usually involves compound heterozygosity associating FIG4‐c.122T>C, a hypomorphic allele coding an unstable FIG4‐p.Ile41Thr protein, and a null allele. While the compound heterozygous patients presenting with early onset usually show rapid progression, the homozygous patients described here show the signs of relative clinical stability. As FIG4 activity is known to be dose dependent, these patients’ observations could suggest that the therapeutic perspective of increasing levels of the protein to improve the phenotype of AR‐CMT‐FIG4‐patients might be efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, France.,Université de Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,UF de Bio-informatique, CHU Limoges, France
| | | | - Hélène Beauvais-Dzugan
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, France.,Université de Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France
| | - Paco Derouault
- Service d'Histologie, Cytologie et Cytogénétique, CHU Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Christine Arné-Bes
- Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Centre SLA, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire, CHU Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Armelle Magot
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires AOC, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, France.,Université de Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Université de Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CRMR Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, CHU Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, France.,Université de Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France
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21
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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22
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A novel REEP1 splicing mutation with broad clinical variability in a family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Gene 2020; 765:145129. [PMID: 32905827 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by lower-limb spastic paralysis. We report on a family with three generations of autosomal dominant inheritance of HSP caused by a novel heterozygous splice-site mutation (c.303 + 2 T > C) in REEP1 that was confirmed by RFLP analysis. Carriers of the mutation, including one asymptomatic individual, showed a mild HSP phenotype with a wide range of intrafamilial variation. All symptomatic carriers had ankle contractures in addition to other classical clinical symptoms of HSP. Clinicians should suspect REEP1-related HSP in patients who show ankle contractures with other symptoms of HSP and should consider that these patients have asymptomatic carriers within their family.
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23
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Ma X, He J, Liu X, Fan D. Screening for REEP1 Mutations in 31 Chinese Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Families. Front Neurol 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32655478 PMCID: PMC7325443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: REEP1 is a common cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) but is rare in China. The pathological mechanism of REEP1 is not fully understood. Methods: We screened for REEP1 mutations in 31 unrelated probands from Chinese HSP families using next-generation sequencing targeting pathogenic genes for HSP and other related diseases. All variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. The proband family members were also screened for variants for the segregation analysis. All previously reported REEP1 mutations and cases were reviewed to clarify the genetic and clinical features of REEP1-related HSP. Results: A pathogenic mutation, REEP1c. 125G>A (p.Trp42*), was detected in a pure HSP family from North China out of 31 HSP families (1/31). This locus, which is located in the second hydrophobic domain of REEP1, is detected in both Caucasian patients with complicated HSP phenotypes and Chinese pure HSP families. Conclusion: REEP1-related HSP can be found in the Chinese population. The 42nd residue is a novel transethnic mutation hotspot. Mutations in this spot can lead to both complicated and pure form of HSP. Identification of transethnic hotspot will contribute to clarify the underlying pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Guglielmi A. A complete overview of REEP1: old and new insights on its role in hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodegeneration. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:351-362. [PMID: 31913854 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
At the end of 19th century, Adolf von Strümpell and Sigmund Freud independently described the symptoms of a new pathology now known as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is part of the group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases usually associated with slow progressive pyramidal syndrome, spasticity, weakness of the lower limbs, and distal-end degeneration of motor neuron long axons. Patients are typically characterized by gait symptoms (with or without other neurological disorders), which can appear both in young and adult ages depending on the different HSP forms. The disease prevalence is at 1.3-9.6 in 100 000 individuals in different areas of the world, making HSP part of the group of rare neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, there are no specific clinical and paraclinical tests, and DNA analysis is still the only strategy to obtain a certain diagnosis. For these reasons, it is mandatory to extend the knowledge on genetic causes, pathology mechanism, and disease progression to give clinicians more tools to obtain early diagnosis, better therapeutic strategies, and examination tests. This review gives an overview of HSP pathologies and general insights to a specific HSP subtype called spastic paraplegia 31 (SPG31), which rises after mutation of REEP1 gene. In fact, recent findings discovered an interesting endoplasmic reticulum antistress function of REEP1 and a role of this protein in preventing τ accumulation in animal models. For this reason, this work tries to elucidate the main aspects of REEP1, which are described in the literature, to better understand its role in SPG31 HSP and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Guglielmi
- Neurobiology Laboratory, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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25
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Tu Y, Zhao L, Billadeau DD, Jia D. Endosome-to-TGN Trafficking: Organelle-Vesicle and Organelle-Organelle Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:163. [PMID: 32258039 PMCID: PMC7093645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) diverts proteins and lipids away from lysosomal degradation. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding this classical pathway, revealing new insights into multiple steps of vesicular trafficking as well as critical roles of ER-endosome contacts for endosomal trafficking. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge about this trafficking pathway, in particular, mechanisms of cargo recognition at endosomes and vesicle tethering at the TGN, and contributions of ER-endosome contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Rodrigues R, Silva R, Branco M, Brandão E, Alonso I, Ruano L, Loureiro JL. Determinants of age at onset in a Portuguese cohort of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia. J Neurol Sci 2020; 410:116646. [PMID: 31887672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias present a high variability of age at onset, ranging from childhood to older age. Our objective was to identify the determinants of age at onset in autosomal dominant HSP (AD-HSP) in a large cohort of patients and families. METHODS We included 239 patients from 89 families identified in the Portuguese multisource population-based survey of hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Patients were systematically examined by a team of neurologists, admitted for complete clinical workup and tested for SPG3, SPG4 and SPG31. RESULTS Average age at onset was 38.2 years in the first generation, 32.3 years in the second and 17.5 years in the third, with a significant decrease of average age at onset between generations (p < .001). A decrease in the average age at onset was seen in all genotypes (SPG4: p < .001; SPG3: p = .15; SPG31: p < .001). In families with more than one generation (n = 38), this decrease was observed in 78.9%. In multivariate linear regression model, the independent effect of generation in anticipation of age at onset was confirmed (p < .001), adjusting for family, genotype and mutation. We also observed a significant lower age at onset in patients with missense versus truncating mutations (p = .015) in patients with SPG4. CONCLUSION These results confirm the impact of missense mutations in an earlier age at onset in SPG4 patients. Even though the age at onset could be affected by subjectivity, our results are consistent with the presence of an anticipation phenomenon in AD-HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rodrigues
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal.
| | - Renata Silva
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branco
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Eva Brandão
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alonso
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Ruano
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Leal Loureiro
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, I3S, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Aguilera-Albesa S, de la Hoz AB, Ibarluzea N, Ordóñez-Castillo AR, Busto-Crespo O, Villate O, Ibiricu-Yanguas MA, Yoldi-Petri ME, García de Gurtubay I, Perez de Nanclares G, Pereda A, Tejada MI. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Intellectual Disability: Clinicogenetic Lessons From a Family Suggesting a Dual Genetics Diagnosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 32117010 PMCID: PMC7033498 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with spastic paraparesis as the main clinical feature. Complex forms may co-occur with other motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment. A growing number of loci and genes are being identified, but still more than 50% of the patients remain without molecular diagnosis. We present a Spanish family with autosomal dominant HSP and intellectual disability (ID) in which we found a possible dual genetic diagnosis with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the parents and three siblings: a heterozygous duplication of 15q11.2–q13.1 found by array CGH and a novel missense heterozygous change in REEP1 [c.73A>G; p.(Lys25Glu)] found by whole exome sequencing (WES). Following the standard genetic diagnosis approach in ID, array CGH analysis was first performed in both brothers affected by spastic paraparesis and ID from school age, and a heterozygous duplication of 15q11.2–q13.1 was found. Subsequently, the duplication was also found in the healthy mother and in the sister, who presented attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms from school age and pes cavus with mild pyramidal signs at 22 years of age. Methylation analysis revealed that the three siblings carried the duplication unmethylated in the maternal allele, whereas their mother harbored it methylated in her paternal allele. Functional studies revealed an overexpression of UBE3A and ATP10A in the three siblings, and the slightest cognitive phenotype of the sister seems to be related to a lower expression of ATP10A. Later, searching for the cause of HSP, WES was performed revealing the missense heterozygous variant in REEP1 in all three siblings and the father, who presented subtle pyramidal signs in the lower limbs as well as the sister. Our findings reinforce the association of maternally derived UBE3A overexpression with neurodevelopmental disorders and support that a spectrum of clinical severity is present within families. They also reveal that a dual genetic diagnosis is possible in patients with presumed complex forms of HSP and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarrabiomed Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Belén de la Hoz
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group Affiliated With the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nekane Ibarluzea
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group Affiliated With the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Olivia Busto-Crespo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olatz Villate
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group Affiliated With the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María Asunción Ibiricu-Yanguas
- Navarrabiomed Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurophysiology, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Yoldi-Petri
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarrabiomed Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki García de Gurtubay
- Navarrabiomed Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurophysiology, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Isabel Tejada
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group Affiliated With the Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
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28
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Napoli B, Gumeni S, Forgiarini A, Fantin M, De Filippis C, Panzeri E, Vantaggiato C, Orso G. Naringenin Ameliorates Drosophila ReepA Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia-Linked Phenotypes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1202. [PMID: 31803000 PMCID: PMC6877660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane shaping and interaction with other organelles seem to be a crucial mechanism underlying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) neurodegeneration. REEP1, a transmembrane protein belonging to TB2/HVA22 family, is implicated in SPG31, an autosomal dominant form of HSP, and its interaction with Atlastin/SPG3A and Spastin/SPG4, the other two major HSP linked proteins, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in modifying ER architecture. In addition, the Drosophila ortholog of REEP1, named ReepA, has been found to regulate the response to ER neuronal stress. Herein we investigated the role of ReepA in ER morphology and stress response. ReepA is upregulated under stress conditions and aging. Our data show that ReepA triggers a selective activation of Ire1 and Atf6 branches of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and modifies ER morphology. Drosophila lacking ReepA showed Atf6 and Ire1 activation, expansion of ER sheet-like structures, locomotor dysfunction and shortened lifespan. Furthermore, we found that naringenin, a flavonoid that possesses strong antioxidant and neuroprotective activity, can rescue the cellular phenotypes, the lifespan and locomotor disability associated with ReepA loss of function. Our data highlight the importance of ER homeostasis in nervous system functionality and HSP neurodegenerative mechanisms, opening new opportunities for HSP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Napoli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alessia Forgiarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Fantin
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Concetta De Filippis
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza”, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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29
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Erfanian Omidvar M, Torkamandi S, Rezaei S, Alipoor B, Omrani MD, Darvish H, Ghaedi H. Genotype-phenotype associations in hereditary spastic paraplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 13,570 patients. J Neurol 2019; 268:2065-2082. [PMID: 31745725 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Although, several genotype-phenotype studies have carried out on HSPs, the association between genotypes and clinical phenotypes remain incomplete since most studies are small in size or restricted to a few genes. Accordingly, this study provides the systematic meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in HSP. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrieved literature on genotype-phenotype associations in patients with HSP and mutated SPAST, REEP1, ATL1, SPG11, SPG15, SPG7, SPG35, SPG54, SPG5. In total, 147 studies with 13,570 HSP patients were included in our meta-analysis. The frequency of mutations in SPAST (25%) was higher than REEP1 (3%), as well as ATL1 (5%) in AD-HSP patients. As for AR-HSP patients, the rates of mutations in SPG11 (18%), SPG15 (7%) and SPG7 (13%) were higher than SPG5 (5%), as well as SPG35 (8%) and SPG54 (7%). The mean age of AD-HSP onset for ATL1 mutation-positive patients was earlier than patients with SPAST, REEP1 mutations. Also, the tendency toward younger age at AR-HSP onset for SPG35 was higher than other mutated genes. It is noteworthy that the mean age at HSP onset ranged from infancy to adulthood. As for the gender distribution, the male proportion in SPG7-HSP (90%) and REEP1-HSP (78%) was markedly high. The frequency of symptoms was varied among patients with different mutated genes. The rates of LL weakness, superficial sensory abnormalities, neuropathy, and deep sensory impairment were noticeably high in REEP1 mutations carriers. Also, in AR-HSP patients with SPG11 mutations, the presentation of symptoms including pes cavus, Neuropathy, and UL spasticity was higher. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive genotype-phenotype assessment of available data displays that the mean age at disease onset and particular sub-phenotypes are associated with specific mutated genes which might be beneficial for a diagnostic procedure and differentiation of the specific mutated genes phenotype among diverse forms of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Erfanian Omidvar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Somaye Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behnam Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Parmedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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30
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Maroofian R, Behnam M, Kaiyrzhanov R, Salpietro V, Salehi M, Houlden H. Further supporting evidence for REEP1 phenotypic and allelic heterogeneity. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e379. [PMID: 31872057 PMCID: PMC6878944 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders Institute of Neurology (R.M., R.K., V.S., H.H.), University College London, Queen Square; and Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome (M.B., M.S.), Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Park J, Oh HM, Park HJ, Cho AR, Lee DW, Jang JH, Jang DH. Usefulness of comprehensive targeted multigene panel sequencing for neuromuscular disorders in Korean patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00947. [PMID: 31475473 PMCID: PMC6785438 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multigene panel sequencing (MGPS) is the first-line option in diagnostic testing for genetically heterogeneous but clinically similar conditions, such as neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of comprehensive NMD MGPS and the need for updated panels. METHODS All patients were analyzed by either of two versions of the NMD MGPS and by chromosomal microarray and karyotype testing. Four patients with negative NMD MGPS results underwent whole exome sequencing. RESULTS In total, 91 patients were enrolled, and a genetic diagnosis was made in 36 (39.6%); of these, 33 were diagnosed by the comprehensive NMD MGPS, two were confirmed by chromosomal microarray, and one was diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. For MGPS, the diagnostic yield of Version 2 (19/52; 36.5%) was a little higher than that of Version 1 (14/39; 35.9%), and one gene identified in Version 2 was not included in Version 1. A total of 36 definitive and nine possible causative variants were identified, of which 17 were novel. CONCLUSION A more comprehensive panel for NMD MGPS can improve the diagnostic efficiency in genetic testing. The rapid discovery of new disease-causing genes over recent years necessitates updates to existing gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dae-Hyun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Hereditary spastic paraplegia: from diagnosis to emerging therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:1136-1146. [PMID: 31377012 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) describes a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases characterised by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. The pathogenic mechanism, associated clinical features, and imaging abnormalities vary substantially according to the affected gene and differentiating HSP from other genetic diseases associated with spasticity can be challenging. Next generation sequencing-based gene panels are now widely available but have limitations and a molecular diagnosis is not made in most suspected cases. Symptomatic management continues to evolve but with a greater understanding of the pathophysiological basis of individual HSP subtypes there are emerging opportunities to provide targeted molecular therapies and personalised medicine.
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Rudenskaya GE, Kadnikova VA, Ryzhkova OP. [Common forms of hereditary spastic paraplegias]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:94-104. [PMID: 30874534 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911902194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A group of hereditary spastic paraplegias includes about 80 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG): forms with identified (almost 70) or only mapped (about 10) genes. Methods of next generation sequencing (NGS), along with new SPG discovering, modify knowledge about earlier delineated SPG. Clinical and genetic characteristics of common autosomal dominant (SPG4, SPG3, SPG31) and autosomal recessive (SPG11, SPG7, SPG15) forms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V A Kadnikova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Boutry M, Morais S, Stevanin G. Update on the Genetics of Spastic Paraplegias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Peripheral neuropathy in hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by REEP1 variants. J Neurol 2019; 266:735-744. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Trummer B, Haubenberger D, Blackstone C. Clinical Trial Designs and Measures in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1017. [PMID: 30627115 PMCID: PMC6309810 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a large group of genetically-diverse neurologic disorders characterized clinically by a common feature of lower extremity spasticity and gait difficulties. Current therapies are predominantly symptomatic, and even then usually provide inadequate relief of symptoms. Going forward, HSP therapeutics development requires a systematic analysis of quantifiable measures and tools to assess treatment response. This review summarizes promising therapeutic targets, assessment measures, and previous clinical trials for the HSPs. Oxidative stress, signaling pathways, microtubule dynamics, and gene rescue/replacement have been proposed as potential treatment targets or modalities. Quantitative evaluation of pre-clinical rodent HSP models emphasize rotarod performance, foot base angle, grip strength, stride length, beam walking, critical speed, and body weight. Clinical measures of HSP in humans include 10-m gait velocity, the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS), Ashworth Spasticity Scale, Fugl-Meyer Scale, timed up-and-go, and the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire. We conducted a broad search for past clinical trials in HSPs and identified trials that investigated pharmacological agents including atorvastatin, gabapentin, L-threonine, botulinum toxin, dalfampridine, methylphenidate, and baclofen. We provide recommendations for future HSP treatment directions based on these prior research experiences as well as regulatory insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Trummer
- Neurogenetics Branch, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dietrich Haubenberger
- Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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García-Cazorla À, Saudubray JM. Cellular neurometabolism: a tentative to connect cell biology and metabolism in neurology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1043-1054. [PMID: 30014209 PMCID: PMC6326994 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly prevalent as diseases of the nervous system and that a broader, more inclusive definition of IEM is necessary. In fact, as long as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. This new, extended definition includes new categories and mechanisms, and as a general trend will go beyond a single biochemical pathway and/or organelle, and will appear as a connection of multiple crossroads in a system biology approach.From one side, a simplified and updated classification of IEM is presented that mixes elements from the diagnostic approach with pathophysiological considerations into three large categories based on the size of molecules ("small and simple" or "large and complex") and their implication in energy metabolism. But from another side, whatever their size, metabolites involved in IEM may behave in the brain as signalling molecules, structural components and fuels, and many metabolites have more than one role. Neurometabolism is becoming more relevant, not only in relation to these new categories of diseases but also as a necessary way to explain the mechanisms of brain damage in classically defined categories of IEM. Brain metabolism, which has been largely disregarded in the traditional approach to investigating and treating neurological diseases, is a major clue and probably the next imminent "revolution" in neurology and neuroscience. Biochemistry (metabolism) and cell neurobiology need to meet. Additionally, the brain should be studied as a system (connecting different levels of complexity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels García-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab (Department of Neurology), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hopital Pitié Salpétrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Jia X, Madireddy L, Caillier S, Santaniello A, Esposito F, Comi G, Stuve O, Zhou Y, Taylor B, Kilpatrick T, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Cree BAC, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL, Baranzini SE. Genome sequencing uncovers phenocopies in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:51-63. [PMID: 29908077 PMCID: PMC6119489 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) causes accumulation of neurological disability from disease onset without clinical attacks typical of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). However, whether genetic variation influences the disease course remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether mutations causative of neurological disorders that share features with multiple sclerosis (MS) contribute to risk for developing PPMS. Methods We examined whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from 38 PPMS and 81 healthy subjects of European ancestry. We selected pathogenic variants exclusively found in PPMS patients that cause monogenic neurological disorders and performed two rounds of replication genotyping in 746 PPMS, 3,049 RMS, and 1,000 healthy subjects. To refine our findings, we examined the burden of rare, potentially pathogenic mutations in 41 genes that cause hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) in PPMS (n = 314), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS; n = 587), RMS (n = 2,248), and healthy subjects (n = 987) genotyped using the MS replication chip. Results WGS and replication studies identified three pathogenic variants in PPMS patients that cause neurological disorders sharing features with MS: KIF5A p.Ala361Val in spastic paraplegia 10; MLC1 p.Pro92Ser in megalencephalic leukodystrophy with subcortical cysts, and REEP1 c.606 + 43G>T in Spastic Paraplegia 31. Moreover, we detected a significant enrichment of HSP‐related mutations in PPMS patients compared to controls (risk ratio [RR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–2.98; p = 0.002), as well as in SPMS patients compared to controls (RR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18–2.10; p = 0.002). Importantly, this enrichment was not detected in RMS. Interpretation This study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that rare Mendelian genetic variants contribute to the risk for developing progressive forms of MS. Ann Neurol 2018;83:51–63
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jia
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lohith Madireddy
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stacy Caillier
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam Santaniello
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Neuro-rehabilitation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Neuro-rehabilitation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Trevor Kilpatrick
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Genomics of Neurological Diseases and Department of Neurology, Policlinico San Donato Hospital and Scientific Institute, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Bouwkamp CG, Afawi Z, Fattal-Valevski A, Krabbendam IE, Rivetti S, Masalha R, Quadri M, Breedveld GJ, Mandel H, Tailakh MA, Beverloo HB, Stevanin G, Brice A, van IJcken WFJ, Vernooij MW, Dolga AM, de Vrij FMS, Bonifati V, Kushner SA. ACO2 homozygous missense mutation associated with complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e223. [PMID: 29577077 PMCID: PMC5863690 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a family affected with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Methods Clinical, genetic, and functional analyses involving genome-wide linkage coupled to whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous family with complicated HSP. Results A homozygous missense mutation was identified in the ACO2 gene (c.1240T>G p.Phe414Val) that segregated with HSP complicated by intellectual disability and microcephaly. Lymphoblastoid cell lines of homozygous carrier patients revealed significantly decreased activity of the mitochondrial aconitase enzyme and defective mitochondrial respiration. ACO2 encodes mitochondrial aconitase, an essential enzyme in the Krebs cycle. Recessive mutations in this gene have been previously associated with cerebellar ataxia. Conclusions Our findings nominate ACO2 as a disease-causing gene for autosomal recessive complicated HSP and provide further support for the central role of mitochondrial defects in the pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Bouwkamp
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aviva Fattal-Valevski
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge E Krabbendam
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafik Masalha
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J Breedveld
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Abu Tailakh
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Berna Beverloo
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Brice
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke M S de Vrij
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry (C.G.B., S.R., F.M.S.d.V., S.A.K.) and Department of Clinical Genetics (C.G.B., M.Q., G.J.B., H.B.B., V.B.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Sackler School of Medicine (Z.A., A.F.-V.), Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.F.-V.), Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel; Department of Molecular Pharmacology (I.E.K., A.M.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Clalit Health Services (R.M.), Sharon-Shomron, Hadera District; Faculty of Health Science (R.M.), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Metabolic Disease Unit (H.M.), Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa; Nursing Research Unit (M.A.T.), Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (G.S.), PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Laboratory; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (G.S., A.B.), Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University UMR_S1127, INSERM u1127, CNRS UMR5225, Paris, France; Center for Biomics (W.F.J.v.I.), Erasmus MC; Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.) and Department of Radiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kamada M, Kawarai T, Miyamoto R, Kawakita R, Tojima Y, Montecchiani C, D'Onofrio L, Caltagirone C, Orlacchio A, Kaji R. Spastic paraplegia type 31: A novel REEP1 splice site donor variant and expansion of the phenotype variability. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 46:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bock AS, Günther S, Mohr J, Goldberg LV, Jahic A, Klisch C, Hübner CA, Biskup S, Beetz C. A nonstop variant in REEP1 causes peripheral neuropathy by unmasking a 3'UTR-encoded, aggregation-inducing motif. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:193-196. [PMID: 29124833 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide variants that abolish the stop codon ("nonstop" alterations) are a unique type of substitution in genomic DNA. Whether they confer instability of the mutant mRNA or result in expression of a C-terminally extended protein depends on the absence or presence of a downstream in-frame stop codon, respectively. Of the predicted protein extensions, only few have been functionally characterized. In a family with autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2, that is, an axonopathy affecting sensory neurons as well as lower motor neurons, we identified a heterozygous nonstop variant in REEP1. Mutations in this gene have classically been associated with the upper motor neuron disorder hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We show that the C-terminal extension resulting from the nonstop variant triggers self-aggregation of REEP1 and of several reporters. Our findings support the recently proposed concept of 3'UTR-encoded "cryptic amyloidogenic elements." Together with a previous report on an aggregation-prone REEP1 deletion variant in distal hereditary motor neuropathy, they also suggest that toxic gain of REEP1 function, rather than loss-of-function as relevant for HSP, specifically affects lower motor neurons. A search for similar correlations between genotype, phenotype, and effect of mutant protein may help to explain the wide clinical spectra also in other genetically determined disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Bock
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Günther
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Mohr
- CeGaT GmbH und Praxis für Humangenetik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa V Goldberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amir Jahic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH und Praxis für Humangenetik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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42
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When shaking during standing points to hereditary spastic paraplegias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 46:92-94. [PMID: 29111427 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Morais S, Raymond L, Mairey M, Coutinho P, Brandão E, Ribeiro P, Loureiro JL, Sequeiros J, Brice A, Alonso I, Stevanin G. Massive sequencing of 70 genes reveals a myriad of missing genes or mechanisms to be uncovered in hereditary spastic paraplegias. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1217-1228. [PMID: 28832565 PMCID: PMC5643959 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lower limb spasticity and weakness that can be complicated by other neurological or non-neurological signs. Despite a high genetic heterogeneity (>60 causative genes), 40–70% of the families remain without a molecular diagnosis. Analysis of one of the pioneer cohorts of 193 HSP families generated in the early 1990s in Portugal highlighted that SPAST and SPG11 are the most frequent diagnoses. We have now explored 98 unsolved families from this series using custom next generation sequencing panels analyzing up to 70 candidate HSP genes. We identified the likely disease-causing variant in 20 of the 98 families with KIF5A being the most frequently mutated gene. We also found 52 variants of unknown significance (VUS) in 38% of the cases. These new diagnoses resulted in 42% of solved cases in the full Portuguese cohort (81/193). Segregation of the variants was not always compatible with the presumed inheritance, indicating that the analysis of all HSP genes regardless of the inheritance mode can help to explain some cases. Our results show that there is still a large set of unknown genes responsible for HSP and most likely novel mechanisms or inheritance modes leading to the disease to be uncovered, but this will require international collaborative efforts, particularly for the analysis of VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morais
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paula Coutinho
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Brandão
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Paula Ribeiro
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - José Leal Loureiro
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Alonso
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
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Lavie J, Serrat R, Bellance N, Courtand G, Dupuy JW, Tesson C, Coupry I, Brice A, Lacombe D, Durr A, Stevanin G, Darios F, Rossignol R, Goizet C, Bénard G. Mitochondrial morphology and cellular distribution are altered in SPG31 patients and are linked to DRP1 hyperphosphorylation. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:674-685. [PMID: 28007911 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia, SPG31, is a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in REEP1 gene encoding the microtubule-interacting protein, REEP1. The mechanism by which REEP1-dependent processes are linked with the disease is unclear. REEP1 regulates the morphology and trafficking of various organelles via interaction with the microtubules. In this study, we collected primary fibroblasts from SPG31 patients to investigate their mitochondrial morphology. We observed that the mitochondrial morphology in patient cells was highly tubular compared with control cells. We provide evidence that these morphological alterations are caused by the inhibition of mitochondrial fission protein, DRP1, due to the hyperphosphorylation of its serine 637 residue. This hyperphosphorylation is caused by impaired interactions between REEP1 and mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5. Genetically or pharmacologically induced decrease of DRP1-S637 phosphorylation restores mitochondrial morphology in patient cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of REEP1 carrying pathological mutations in primary neuronal culture targets REEP1 to the mitochondria. Mutated REEP1 proteins sequester mitochondria to the perinuclear region of the neurons and therefore, hamper mitochondrial transport along the axon. Considering the established role of mitochondrial distribution and morphology in neuronal health, our results support the involvement of a mitochondrial dysfunction in SPG31 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lavie
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Román Serrat
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Bellance
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Courtand
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Darios
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Sorbonne Université Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Bénard
- INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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45
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Abstract
Hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias are genetic disorders with age-dependent nearly complete penetrance. The mostly monogenetic etiology allows one to establish the diagnosis, study pathogenesis and to develop new causative therapeutic approaches for these diseases. Both the causative genes as well as the clinical presentation overlap considerably between hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias. This strongly argues towards a united classification for these two groups of diseases. Next generation sequencing technologies have greatly expanded the number of genes known to be causative for hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias and allow simultaneous time- and cost-effective diagnostic testing of > 200 genes. However, repeat expansions and large genomic deletions must be considered separately. Here, we suggest a pragmatic algorithm for genetic testing in hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias that we have developed in our specialized outpatient clinics. Detailed phenotyping remains crucial to interpret the multitude of genetic variants discovered by high throughput sequencing techniques. Despite recent technical advances, a substantial proportion of ataxia and spastic paraplegia families are still without a molecular diagnosis. Beside new and so far undetected ataxia and spasticity genes, unusual mutation types including noncoding variants and polygenic inheritance patterns may contribute. Because of these clinical, genetic, and technological challenges, patients with hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias should be referred to specialized centers offering research and clinical studies. This will also help to recruit representative patient cohorts for upcoming interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schüle
- Neurologische Klinik und Hertie-Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - L Schöls
- Neurologische Klinik und Hertie-Institut für Klinische Hirnforschung, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
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46
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Control of a Novel Spermatocyte-Promoting Factor by the Male Germline Sex Determination Factor PHF7 of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 206:1939-1949. [PMID: 28588035 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.199935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A key aspect of germ cell development is to establish germline sexual identity and initiate a sex-specific developmental program to promote spermatogenesis or oogenesis. Previously, we have identified the histone reader Plant Homeodomain Finger 7 (PHF7) as an important regulator of male germline identity. To understand how PHF7 directs sexual differentiation of the male germline, we investigated the downstream targets of PHF7 by combining transcriptome analyses, which reveal genes regulated by Phf7, with genomic profiling of histone H3K4me2, the chromatin mark that is bound by PHF7. Through these genomic experiments, we identify a novel spermatocyte factor Receptor Accessory Protein Like 1 (REEPL1) that can promote spermatogenesis and whose expression is kept off by PHF7 in the spermatogonial stage. Loss of Reepl1 significantly rescues the spermatogenesis defects in Phf7 mutants, indicating that regulation of Reepl1 is an essential aspect of PHF7 function. Further, increasing REEPL1 expression facilitates spermatogenic differentiation. These results indicate that PHF7 controls spermatogenesis by regulating the expression patterns of important male germline genes.
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47
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Solowska JM, Rao AN, Baas PW. Truncating mutations of SPAST associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia indicate greater accumulation and toxicity of the M1 isoform of spastin. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1728-1737. [PMID: 28495799 PMCID: PMC5491181 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPAST gene, which produces two isoforms of the microtubule-severing protein spastin, is the chief gene mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Truncated M1 spastin proteins are toxic and have the potential to accumulate in these patients. The SPAST gene, which produces two isoforms (M1 and M87) of the microtubule-severing protein spastin, is the chief gene mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Haploinsufficiency is a popular explanation for the disease, in part because most of the >200 pathogenic mutations of the gene are truncating and expected to produce only vanishingly small amounts of shortened proteins. Here we studied two such mutations, N184X and S245X, and our results suggest another possibility. We found that the truncated M1 proteins can accumulate to notably higher levels than their truncated M87 or wild-type counterparts. Reminiscent of our earlier studies on a pathogenic mutation that generates full-length M1 and M87 proteins, truncated M1 was notably more detrimental to neurite outgrowth than truncated M87, and this was true for both N184X and S245X. The greater toxicity and tendency to accumulate suggest that, over time, truncated M1 could damage the corticospinal tracts of human patients. Curiously, the N184X mutation triggers the reinitiation of translation at a third start codon in SPAST, resulting in synthesis of a novel M187 spastin isoform that is able to sever microtubules. Thus microtubule severing may not be as reduced as previously assumed in the case of that mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Solowska
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Anand N Rao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
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48
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Roda RH, Schindler AB, Blackstone C. De novo REEP2 missense mutation in pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:347-350. [PMID: 28491902 PMCID: PMC5420804 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in proteins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum morphology are common causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG1‐78, plus others). Mutations in the REEP1 gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum‐shaping protein are well‐known causes of SPG31, a common autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia. A closely‐related gene, REEP2, is mutated in SPG72, with both autosomal and recessive inheritances. Here, we report a patient with a pure hereditary spastic paraplegia due to a de novo missense mutation (c.119T > G, p.Met40Arg) in REEP2 at a highly‐conserved residue very close to another known pathogenic missense change. This represents only the second autosomal dominant SPG72 missense mutation reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H Roda
- Neuromuscular Medicine Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland.,Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Alice B Schindler
- Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
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49
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Allison R, Edgar JR, Pearson G, Rizo T, Newton T, Günther S, Berner F, Hague J, Connell JW, Winkler J, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Beetz C, Winner B, Reid E. Defects in ER-endosome contacts impact lysosome function in hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1337-1355. [PMID: 28389476 PMCID: PMC5412567 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in many genes, including those encoding spastin, strumpellin, or REEP1. Allison et al. show that similar lysosomal phenotypes are associated with mutations in different classes of HSP proteins and suggest that defective ER–endosome contacts and endosome tubule fission may be a common cause of axon degeneration in the disease. Contacts between endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promote endosomal tubule fission, but the mechanisms involved and consequences of tubule fission failure are incompletely understood. We found that interaction between the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin and the ESCRT protein IST1 at ER–endosome contacts drives endosomal tubule fission. Failure of fission caused defective sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptor, with consequently disrupted lysosomal enzyme trafficking and abnormal lysosomal morphology, including in mouse primary neurons and human stem cell–derived neurons. Consistent with a role for ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission in lysosome function, similar lysosomal abnormalities were seen in cellular models lacking the WASH complex component strumpellin or the ER morphogen REEP1. Mutations in spastin, strumpellin, or REEP1 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a disease characterized by axonal degeneration. Our results implicate failure of the ER–endosome contact process in axonopathy and suggest that coupling of ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission to lysosome function links different classes of HSP proteins, previously considered functionally distinct, into a unifying pathway for axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Allison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Guy Pearson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Tania Rizo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Junior Research Group III and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Newton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Sven Günther
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fiamma Berner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Jennifer Hague
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - James W Connell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Junior Research Group III and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
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50
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Moszyńska A, Gebert M, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. SNPs in microRNA target sites and their potential role in human disease. Open Biol 2017; 7:170019. [PMID: 28381629 PMCID: PMC5413909 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, the goal of personalized medicine is to determine the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Developing high-throughput genotyping technologies such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the 1000 Genomes Project (http://www.internationalgenome.org/about/#1000G_PROJECT) has dramatically enhanced our ability to map where changes in the genome occur on a population level by identifying millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphisms, particularly those within the coding regions of proteins and at splice junctions, have received the most attention, but it is also now clear that polymorphisms in the non-coding regions are important. In these non-coding regions, the enhancer and promoter regions have received the most attention, whereas the 3'-UTR regions have until recently been overlooked. In this review, we examine how SNPs affect microRNA-binding sites in these regions, and how mRNA stability changes can lead to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Moszyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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