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Mubarik S, Cao J, Wang F, Hussain SR, Liu Q, Wang S, Liu Y, Yu C. Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Transition and Health Consequences of Breast Cancer in the East Asia Region, From 1990 to 2019. Front Nutr 2022; 9:817836. [PMID: 35479748 PMCID: PMC9036067 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.817836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to its higher prevalence and heterogeneity, female breast cancer (BC) is the widest disease throughout the world. We sought to assess the epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions of BC and to identify the potential risk factors attributed to burden of BC in East Asia. Methods At the regional level of East Asia and at a national level of East Asian countries, we investigated the burden of the incidence of female BC, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and assessed the epidemiological, socioeconomic, and health-linked disparities in incidence of BC and mortality over a 30-year period. The changes in BC’s mortality and DALYs between 1990 and 2019, attributable to varying risk factors, were evaluated in different age groups. Results In 2019, the incidence of and mortality from and DALYs of BC were estimated to be 382,321 (95% UI: 303,308–477,173) incidence cases [age-standardized rate (ASR) of 35.69 per 100,000; 28.32–44.54], 98,162 (79,216–120,112) deaths (ASR of 9.12; 7.36–11.13), and 3,024,987 (2,477, 984–3,659,370) DALYs with an ASR of 282.15 (230.81–341.19) in 2019. It was also observed that out of four most representative locations of East Asia, two (China and Japan) showed more than 60% increase in age-standardized incidence rate between 1990 and 2019. While only Japan females showed a significant rise of 15.3% (95% UI: 2.3–28) in ASR of death and 12.6% (95% UI: 0.5–26.9) in ASR of DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Inclusively, 88 and 81% variations were explained in the incidence of BC and death due to change in sociodemographic index (SDI) in 2019, in East Asia. The highest positive percent changes in death and DALYs between 1990 and 2019 were attributable to high body mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and alcohol consumption in East Asia. Conclusion The burden of death and disability from female BC is the result of multiple risk factors, mainly due to behavioral and metabolic risk factors. The increase of the incidence is related to the westernized lifestyle and diet habits and the improvement of screening and diagnosis techniques in the recent years, whereas the increase in DALYs is mainly attributed to high BMI, high FPG, alcohol use, and high diet in red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhong Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Syeda Rija Hussain
- Department of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanhua Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-2481
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Moscatello C, Di Nicola M, Veschi S, Di Gregorio P, Cianchetti E, Stuppia L, Battista P, Cama A, Curia MC, Aceto GM. Relationship between MUTYH, OGG1 and BRCA1 mutations and mRNA expression in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 33343895 PMCID: PMC7725208 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of breast and ovarian cancer (BC/OC) is multi-factorial. At present, the involvement of base excision repair (BER) glycosylases (MUTYH and OGG1) in BC/OC predisposition is controversial. The present study investigated whether germline mutation status and mRNA expression of two BER genes, MUTHY and OGG1, were correlated with BRCA1 in 59 patients with BC/OC and 50 matched population controls. In addition, to evaluate the relationship between MUTYH, OGG1 and BRCA1, their possible mutual modulation and correlation among mutational spectrum, gene expression and demographic characteristics were evaluated. The results identified 18 MUTYH and OGG1 variants, of which 4 were novel (2 MUTYH and 2 OGG1) in 44 of the 59 patients. In addition, two pathogenic mutations were identified: OGG1 p.Arg46Gln, detected in a patient with BC and a family history of cancer, and MUTYH p.Val234Gly in a patient with OC, also with a family history of cancer. A significant reduced transcript expression in MUTYH was observed (P=0.033) in cases, and in association with the presence of rare variants in the same gene (P=0.030). A significant correlation in the expression of the two BER genes was observed in cases (P=0.004), whereas OGG1 and BRCA1 was significantly correlated in cases (P=0.001) compared with controls (P=0.010). The results of the present study indicated that the relationship among mutational spectrum, gene expression and demographic characteristics may improve the genetic diagnosis and primary prevention of at-risk individuals belonging to families with reduced mRNA expression, regardless of mutation presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Moscatello
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Gregorio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Cianchetti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Immunohaematology and Transfusional Medicine Service, 'SS. Annunziata' Hospital, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Battista
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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Kalin R, Köksal Z, Bayrak S, Gerni S, Ozyürek IN, Usanmaz H, Karaman M, Atasever A, Özdemir H, Gülçin İ. Molecular docking and inhibition profiles of some antibiotics on lactoperoxidase enzyme purified from bovine milk. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:401-410. [PMID: 32856529 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1814416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are generally used for human and veterinary applications to preserve and to control microbial diseases. Milk has a biologically significant enzyme known as lactoperoxidase (LPO) that is a member of peroxidase family. In metabolism, LPO has ability to catalyze the transformation of thiocyanate (SCN-) to hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) that is an antibacterial agent and the reaction occurs with hydrogen peroxide. In this work, LPO inhibition effects of some antibiotics including cefazolin, oxytetracycline, flunixin meglumine, cefuroxime, tylosin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and lincomycin were tested. Among the antibiotics cefazolin was indicated the strongest inhibitory efficacy. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the inhibition constant (Ki) values of cefazolin were found as 8.19 and 34.66 µM, respectively. It was shown competitive inhibition. 5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl moiety activity plays a key role in the inhibition mechanism of cefazolin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Kalin
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Köksal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Songül Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gerni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Işıl Nihan Ozyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hande Usanmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Ali Atasever
- Ispir Hamza Polat Vocational Training School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Koksal Z, Kalin R, Kalin P, Karaman M, Gulcin İ, Ozdemir H. Lactoperoxidase inhibition of some natural phenolic compounds: Kinetics and molecular docking studies. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13132. [PMID: 31876973 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition effects of some phenolic compounds from natural products such as taxifolin, resveratrol, olivetol, cynarine, and phloretin on bovine milk lactoperoxidase (LPO) enzyme were examined. For this aim, LPO was purified by the affinity chromatography technique with a yield of 77.68% in 421.32 times. The kinetic value, Ki , was calculated from the equations obtained from drawn graphs. In order to discover inhibition mechanism of phenolic compounds, induced fit docking process was performed on the LPO receptors. The binding affinity of the compounds was calculated and at the best-scored ligand-receptor complex, residues responsible for enzyme inhibition were detected. As a result, this molecule demonstrated the potential inhibitory effect on LPO. According to the results of kinetic study. It has shown a noncompetitive inhibition effect, Phloretin's Ki value was determined by 48.89 ± 14.22 nM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are natural antimicrobial systems, such as the lactoperoxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7; LPO) system, which eliminates the harmful effects of microorganisms in milk. The chemical reactions in this system are catalyzed by the LPO. In the dairy industry, the LPO system is considered critical for the preservation of pasteurized milk, yogurt, raw milk, and cheese. The system is used for improvement the protection condition of milk at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Koksal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kalin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Basic Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kalin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Karaman
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Oxidant stress induction and signalling in xenografted (human breast cancer-tissues) plus estradiol treated or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea treated female rats via altered estrogen sulfotransferase (rSULT1E1) expressions and SOD1/catalase regulations. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2571-2584. [PMID: 30315444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is highly used in rodent models of tumerogenesis/carcinogenesis. Xenografting human-cancer tissues/cells with estradiol (E2) treatment is also used to generate rodent-models of gynaecological cancers. The altered metabolic-redox environment leading to establishment of pre-tumorigenesis condition and their mechanism are less studied. Here, female Wister rats were treated with these drugs at their pre-tumerogenic dosage (one group ENU single intra-peritoneal dose of 90 mg/kg b.w. and another group were implanted with human breast tumor (stage-IIIB) and fed with 2.5 mg of 17β-estradiol once in a week for 4 months). After 4 months, animals were sacrificed; their serum and liver tissues were tested. A brief comparison was made with a rat model (regarded as positive control) of toxicity induced by mutagenic environmental pollutant arsenic (0.6 ppm daily/4 weeks). The increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase suggests the possible organ toxicity is favoured by the increase in hepatic/systemic free radicals and oxidative stress in all drug application models. But the increase in the serum E2 level as noted in the ELISA data with impairment in the hepatic estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) protein expression (immuno-blot data) were noticed with interfered hepatic free-thiols only in ENU and xenograft-E2 group compared to arsenic group. It is also evident in the in vitro result from E2/GSH/NAC added hepatic slices with altered antioxidant regulations. Moreover, impairment in hepatic SOD1, catalase and glutathiole peroxidase activities (PAGEzymographic data), especially in the ENU-treated group makes them more vulnerable to the oxidative threat in creating pre-tumerogenic microenvironment. This is evident in the result of their higher DNA-damage and histological abnormalities. The Bioinformatics study revealed an important role of rSULT1E1 in the regulations of E2 metabolism. This study is important for the exploration of the pre-tumerogenic condition by ENU and E2 by impairing SULT1E1 expression and E2 regulations via oxidant-stress signalling. The finding may help to find new therapeutic-targets to treat gynaecological-cancers more effectively.
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Godlewska M, Krasuska W, Czarnocka B. Biochemical properties of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) expressed in human breast and mammary-derived cell lines. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513734 PMCID: PMC5841765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme and autoantigen expressed in thyroid and breast tissues. Thyroid TPO undergoes a complex maturation process however, nothing is known about post-translational modifications of breast-expressed TPO. In this study, we have investigated the biochemical properties of TPO expressed in normal and cancerous human breast tissues, and the maturation process and antigenicity of TPO present in a panel of human breast tissue-derived cell lines. We found that the molecular weight of breast TPO was slightly lower than that of thyroid TPO due to decreased glycosylation and as suggest results of Western blot also shorter amino acid chain. Breast TPO exhibit enzymatic activity and isoelectric point comparable to that of thyroid TPO. The biochemical properties of TPO expressed in mammary cell lines and normal thyrocytes are similar regarding glycan content, molecular weight and isoelectric point. However, no peroxidase activity and dimer formation was detected in any of these cell lines since the majority of TPO protein was localized in the cytoplasmic compartment, and the TPO expression at the cell surface was too low to detect its enzymatic activity. Lactoperoxidase, a protein highly homologous to TPO expressed also in breast tissues, does not influence the obtained data. TPO expressed in the cell lines was recognized by a broad panel of TPO-specific antibodies. Although some differences in biochemical properties between thyroid and breast TPO were observed, they do not seem to be critical for the overall three-dimensional structure. This conclusion is supported by the fact that TPO expressed in breast tissues and cell lines reacts well with conformation-sensitive antibodies. Taking into account a close resemblance between both proteins, especially high antigenicity, future studies should investigate the potential immunotherapies directed against breast-expressed TPO and its specific epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Objective The study was meant to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with breast cancer and to establish its role as an independent risk factor on occurrence of breast cancer. Materials and Methods Fifty women aged between 40 and 80 years with breast cancer and fifty controls of similar age were assessed for metabolic syndrome prevalence and breast cancer risk factors, including age at menarche, reproductive status, live births, breastfeeding, and family history of breast cancer, age at diagnosis of breast cancer, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Results Metabolic syndrome prevalence was found in 40.0% of breast cancer patients, and 18.0% of those in control group (P = 0.02). An independent and positive association was seen between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 3.037; 95% confidence interval 1.214-7.597). Conclusions Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in breast cancer patients and is an independent risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Wani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shiekh Aejaz Aziz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Ashraf Ganaie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Hussain Mir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Zou X, Santa-Maria CA, O'Brien J, Gius D, Zhu Y. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Acetylation and Dysregulation, Due to Loss of SIRT3 Activity, Promote a Luminal B-Like Breast Carcinogenic-Permissive Phenotype. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:326-36. [PMID: 26935174 PMCID: PMC4991597 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Breast cancer is the most common nondermatologic malignancy among women in the United States, among which endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer accounts for up to 80%. Endocrine receptor-positive breast cancers can be categorized molecularly into luminal A and B subtypes, of which the latter is an aggressive form that is less responsive to endocrine therapy with inferior prognosis. RECENT ADVANCES Sirtuin, an aging-related gene involved in mitochondrial metabolism, is associated with life span, and more importantly, murine models lacking Sirt3 spontaneously develop tumors that resemble human luminal B breast cancer. Furthermore, these tumors exhibit aberrant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) acetylation at lysine 68 and lysine 122 and have abnormally high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which have been observed in many types of breast cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanism of how luminal B breast cancer develops resistance to endocrine therapy remains unclear. MnSOD, a primary mitochondrial detoxification enzyme, functions by scavenging excessive ROS from the mitochondria and maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Sirt3, a mitochondrial fidelity protein, can regulate the activity of MnSOD through deacetylation. In this study, we discuss a possible mechanism of how loss of SIRT3-guided MnSOD acetylation results in endocrine therapy resistance of human luminal B breast cancer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Acetylation of MnSOD and other mitochondrial proteins, due to loss of SIRT3, may explain the connection between ROS and development of luminal B breast cancer and how luminal B breast cancer becomes resistant to endocrine therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 326-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Zou
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinburg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cesar Augusto Santa-Maria
- 4 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph O'Brien
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Gius
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yueming Zhu
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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De Picciotto N, Cacheux W, Roth A, Chappuis PO, Labidi-Galy SI. Ovarian cancer: Status of homologous recombination pathway as a predictor of drug response. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Flemmig J, Gau J, Schlorke D, Arnhold J. Lactoperoxidase as a potential drug target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:447-61. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Flemmig
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Gau
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Schlorke
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16 – 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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99mTc-amitrole as a novel selective imaging probe for solid tumor: In silico and preclinical pharmacological study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fridlich R, Annamalai D, Roy R, Bernheim G, Powell SN. BRCA1 and BRCA2 protect against oxidative DNA damage converted into double-strand breaks during DNA replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:11-20. [PMID: 25836596 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are predisposed to develop breast and ovarian cancers, but the reasons for this tissue specificity are unknown. Breast epithelial cells are known to contain elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage, triggered by hormonally driven growth and its effect on cell metabolism. BRCA1- or BRCA2-deficient cells were found to be more sensitive to oxidative stress, modeled by treatment with patho-physiologic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide exposure leads to oxidative DNA damage induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in BRCA-deficient cells causing them to accumulate in S-phase. In addition, after hydrogen peroxide treatment, BRCA deficient cells showed impaired Rad51 foci which are dependent on an intact BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway. These DSB resulted in an increase in chromatid-type aberrations, which are characteristic for BRCA1 and BRCA2-deficient cells. The most common result of oxidative DNA damage induced processing of S-phase DSB is an interstitial chromatid deletion, but insertions and exchanges were also seen in BRCA deficient cells. Thus, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential for the repair of oxidative DNA damage repair intermediates that persist into S-phase and produce DSB. The implication is that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of hereditary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Fridlich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Devi Annamalai
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Rohini Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Giana Bernheim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Nourazarian AR, Kangari P, Salmaninejad A. Roles of oxidative stress in the development and progression of breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4745-51. [PMID: 24998536 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in the redox status of the body. In such a state, increase of free radicals in the body can lead to tissue damage. One of the most important species of free radicals is reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by various metabolic pathways, including aerobic metabolism in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of various types of cancers. ROS affects different signaling pathways, including growth factors and mitogenic pathways, and controls many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, and thus stimulates the uncontrolled growth of cells which encourages the development of tumors and begins the process of carcinogenesis. Increased oxidative stress caused by reactive species can reduce the body's antioxidant defense against angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer cells. These processes are main factors in the development of cancer. Bimolecular reactions cause free radicals in which create such compounds as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyguanosine. These substances can be used as indicators of cancer. In this review, free radicals as oxidizing agents, antioxidants as the immune system, and the role of oxidative stress in cancer, particularly breast cancer, have been investigated in the hope that better identification of the factors involved in the occurrence and spread of cancer will improve the identification of treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Nourazarian
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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Harjivan SG, Pinheiro PF, Martins IL, Godinho AL, Wanke R, Santos PP, Pereira SA, Beland FA, Marques MM, Antunes AMM. Quinoid derivatives of the nevirapine metabolites 2-hydroxy- and 3-hydroxy-nevirapine: activation pathway to amino acid adducts. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoid electrophiles from the nevirapine metabolites, 2-OH- and 3-OH-nevirapine, react with nitrogen-based bionucleophiles yielding covalent adducts.
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Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:11-26. [PMID: 25646037 PMCID: PMC4310837 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1198] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants have gained importance in the field of biology due to their central role in various physiological conditions as well as their implication in a diverse range of diseases. The free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are derived from both endogenous sources (mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells etc.) and exogenous sources (pollution, alcohol, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, transition metals, industrial solvents, pesticides, certain drugs like halothane, paracetamol, and radiation). Free radicals can adversely affect various important classes of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, thereby altering the normal redox status leading to increased oxidative stress. The free radicals induced oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in several diseased conditions such as diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease-PD, Alzheimer's disease-AD and Multiple sclerosis-MS), cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and hypertension), respiratory diseases (asthma), cataract development, rheumatoid arthritis and in various cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, bladder cancers). This review deals with chemistry, formation and sources, and molecular targets of free radicals and it provides a brief overview on the pathogenesis of various diseased conditions caused by ROS/RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alugoju Phaniendra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Dinesh Babu Jestadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
| | - Latha Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014 India
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Sánchez-López E, Cueto-Ureña C, Dueñas B, Carrera-González P, Navarro-Cecilia J, Mayas MD, Arias de Saavedra JM, Sánchez-Agesta R, Martínez-Martos JM. Circulating oxidative stress parameters in pre- and post-menopausal healthy women and in women suffering from breast cancer treated or not with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mohamed MM, Sabet S, Peng DF, Nouh MA, El-Shinawi M, El-Rifai W. Promoter hypermethylation and suppression of glutathione peroxidase 3 are associated with inflammatory breast carcinogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:787195. [PMID: 24790704 PMCID: PMC3980917 DOI: 10.1155/2014/787195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in breast cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. Inhibition of antioxidant enzymes that remove ROS was found to accelerate cancer growth. Studies showed that inhibition of glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3) was associated with cancer progression. Although the role of GPX3 has been studied in different cancer types, its role in breast cancer and its epigenetic regulation have not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate GPX3 expression and epigenetic regulation in carcinoma tissues of breast cancer patients' in comparison to normal breast tissues. Furthermore, we compared GPX3 level of expression and methylation status in aggressive phenotype inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) versus non-IBC invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We found that GPX3 mRNA and protein expression levels were downregulated in the carcinoma tissues of IBC compared to non-IBC. However, we did not detect significant correlation between GPX3 and patients' clinical-pathological prosperities. Promoter hypermethylation of GPX3 gene was detected in carcinoma tissues not normal breast tissues. In addition, IBC carcinoma tissues showed a significant increase in the promoter hypermethylation of GPX3 gene compared to non-IBC. Our results propose that downregulation of GPX3 in IBC may play a role in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Dun-Fa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M. Akram Nouh
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Wan L, O’Brien P. Molecular mechanism of 17α-ethinylestradiol cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:21-6. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (17-EE) is used in formulations of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy because it is an estradiol derivative. However, it has been associated with an increase in the risk of liver cancers and injury. The carcinogenic properties of 17-EE are similar to that of other estrogens, but the molecular mechanism of liver injury is still unclear. It is important to identify any secondary toxic mechanisms that can be used to prevent or treat the toxicity. The LC50 of 17-EE toward isolated rat hepatocytes was determined to be 150 ± 8 μmol/L. Accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening (ACMS) techniques using isolated rat hepatocytes showed that CYP1A inhibitors decreased cytotoxicity, whereas tyrosinase increased toxicity; this suggests that the toxic mechanism involved is the oxidation of 17-EE. A hepatocyte inflammation model also increased 17-EE-induced mitochondrial toxicity, as well as the formation of ROS and H2O2. Cytotoxicity was increased when inhibitors of quinone reduction, catechol-O-methylation, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, and sulfation were co-incubated with 17-EE. The hepatocytes could be rescued with antioxidants and quinone trapping agents, thereby suggesting a role for quinoid moiety induced oxidative stress in 17-EE induced cytotoxicity. These mechanisms for 17-EE hepatotoxicity could provide a new perspective for the treating 17-EE-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
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Pejić SA, Kasapović JD, Todorović AU, Stojiljković VR, Gavrilović LV, Popović NM, Pajović SB. Antioxidant enzymes in women with endometrial polyps: relation with sex hormones. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Victorino VJ, Panis C, Campos FC, Cayres RC, Colado-Simão AN, Oliveira SR, Herrera ACSA, Cecchini AL, Cecchini R. Decreased oxidant profile and increased antioxidant capacity in naturally postmenopausal women. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1411-21. [PMID: 22645022 PMCID: PMC3705106 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent works have shown a dual side of estrogens, and research on the relationship between oxidative stress and menopausal status remains unclear and has produced controversial results. In this work, we aimed to evaluate by sensitive methods the oxidant and antioxidant changes that develop after natural menopause. Thirty premenopausal and 28 naturally postmenopausal women volunteered for this study. Blood was collected and plasma used. 17-OH estradiol levels in plasma were estimated. Plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid peroxidation products (such as hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and nitrites were measured, and total radical antioxidant parameter testing was performed to determine the oxidant and antioxidant profiles, respectively. Estrogen levels were significantly increased (p < 0.02) in premenopausal women (54.28 ± 9.34 pg/mL) as compared with postmenopausal women (18.10 ± 1.49 pg/mL). Postmenopausal women had lower levels of lipid hydroperoxide oxidation (p < 0.0001), lipid hydroperoxide levels evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC; 1,366,000 ± 179,400 AUC; p < 0.01), and hydroperoxides as measured by the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange method (31.48 ± 2.7 μM; p < 0.0001). The MDA levels did not differ between pre- and postmenopausal women whether measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances or high-performance liquid chromatography assays. No differences in AOPP and nitrite levels were observed between pre- and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women also exhibited a higher total radical antioxidant level (0.89 ± 0.08 μM Trolox; p < 0.0001). Postmenopausal women demonstrated lower levels of oxidative damage and a higher antioxidant capacity than premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Victorino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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22
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Label-Free Amperometric Magnetoimmunosensors for Direct Determination of Lactoperoxidase in Milk. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boyle P, Koechlin A, Pizot C, Boniol M, Robertson C, Mullie P, Bolli G, Rosenstock J, Autier P. Blood glucose concentrations and breast cancer risk in women without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1533-40. [PMID: 23124254 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some studies have suggested an increased risk of breast cancer associated with elevated fasting serum glucose in nondiabetic subjects. Given how common both breast cancer and impaired glucose tolerance are in our aging societies, this is an important issue for public health. METHODS We performed a systematic review of prospective cohort studies that examined the association between elevated serum glucose levels in nondiabetic subjects (levels below 7.0 mml/L) and the subsequent risk of breast cancer. We performed a systematic literature search and extracted relevant data in a standard way. We then computed summary relative risks (SRR) and 95 % confidence intervals using a random effects model applied on the risk of highest versus lowest quantile of serum glucose concentrations. RESULTS Ten cohort studies were retrieved. The SRR for all studies was 1.11 (1.00-1.23), with no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. The SRR was not affected when the analysis was restricted to the 8 studies that reported results for fasting subjects (SRR = 1.11; 95 % CI 0.98-1.25). Three studies provided BMI-unadjusted and BMI-adjusted SRRs of 1.24 (95 % CI 0.60-2.56) and 1.20 (95 % CI 0.63-2.27), respectively. Similar magnitudes of associations were observed in sensitivity analyses, but statistical significance was lost. CONCLUSION In nondiabetic subjects, the risk of breast cancer associated with fasting serum glucose levels seems to be small. Potential limitations to this meta-analysis include the fact that not all studies reported risks adjusted for adiposity and that serum glucose levels of comparison groups were variable across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, 95 cours Lafayette, 69006 Lyon, France
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24
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Differential effects of testosterone metabolites oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone on oxidative stress and carotenoid-dependent colour expression in a bird. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The proteins encoded by the two major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, work in a common pathway of genome protection. However, the two proteins work at different stages in the DNA damage response (DDR) and in DNA repair. BRCA1 is a pleiotropic DDR protein that functions in both checkpoint activation and DNA repair, whereas BRCA2 is a mediator of the core mechanism of homologous recombination. The links between the two proteins are not well understood, but they must exist to explain the marked similarity of human cancer susceptibility that arises with germline mutations in these genes. As discussed here, the proteins work in concert to protect the genome from double-strand DNA damage during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Roy
- Molecular Biology Program and Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Antunes AMM, Novais DA, da Silva JLF, Santos PP, Oliveira MC, Beland FA, Marques MM. Synthesis and oxidation of 2-hydroxynevirapine, a metabolite of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7822-35. [PMID: 21969039 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M M Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Le A, Barton LD, Sanders JT, Zhang Q. Exploration of Bovine Milk Proteome in Colostral and Mature Whey Using an Ion-Exchange Approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:692-704. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100884z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Le
- Mead Johnson Nutrition & Company, Indiana 47721, United States
| | | | - Jeff T. Sanders
- Mead Johnson Nutrition & Company, Indiana 47721, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Mead Johnson Nutrition & Company, Indiana 47721, United States
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Singh AK, Kumar RP, Pandey N, Singh N, Sinha M, Bhushan A, Kaur P, Sharma S, Singh TP. Mode of binding of the tuberculosis prodrug isoniazid to heme peroxidases: binding studies and crystal structure of bovine lactoperoxidase with isoniazid at 2.7 A resolution. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1569-76. [PMID: 19907057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is an anti-tuberculosis prodrug that is activated by mammalian lactoperoxidase and Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase peroxidase (MtCP). We report here binding studies, an enzyme assay involving INH, and the crystal structure of the complex of bovine lactoperoxidase (LPO) with INH to illuminate binding properties and INH activation as well as the mode of diffusion and interactions together with a detailed structural and functional comparison with MtCP. The structure determination shows that isoniazid binds to LPO at the substrate binding site on the distal heme side. The substrate binding site is connected to the protein surface through a long hydrophobic channel. The acyl hydrazide moiety of isoniazid interacts with Phe(422) O, Gln(423) O(epsilon1), and Phe(254) O. In this arrangement, pyridinyl nitrogen forms a hydrogen bond with a water molecule, W-1, which in turn forms three hydrogen bonds with Fe(3+), His(109) N(epsilon2), and Gln(105) N(epsilon2). The remaining two sides of isoniazid form hydrophobic interactions with the atoms of heme pyrrole ring A, C(beta) and C(gamma) atoms of Glu(258), and C(gamma) and C(delta) atoms of Arg(255). The binding studies indicate that INH binds to LPO with a value of 0.9 x 10(-6) m for the dissociation constant. The nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay shows that INH is activated by the reaction of LPO-H(2)O(2) with INH. This suggests that LPO can be used for INH activation. It also indicates that the conversion of INH into isonicotinoyl radical by LPO may be the cause of INH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Singh AK, Singh N, Sinha M, Bhushan A, Kaur P, Srinivasan A, Sharma S, Singh TP. Binding modes of aromatic ligands to mammalian heme peroxidases with associated functional implications: crystal structures of lactoperoxidase complexes with acetylsalicylic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid, and benzylhydroxamic acid. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20311-8. [PMID: 19465478 PMCID: PMC2740456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding and structural studies of bovine lactoperoxidase with three aromatic ligands, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), salicylhydoxamic acid (SHA), and benzylhydroxamic acid (BHA) show that all the three compounds bind to lactoperoxidase at the substrate binding site on the distal heme side. The binding of ASA occurs without perturbing the position of conserved heme water molecule W-1, whereas both SHA and BHA displace it by the hydroxyl group of their hydroxamic acid moieties. The acetyl group carbonyl oxygen atom of ASA forms a hydrogen bond with W-1, which in turn makes three other hydrogen-bonds, one each with heme iron, His-109 N(epsilon2), and Gln-105 N(epsilon2). In contrast, in the complexes of SHA and BHA, the OH group of hydroxamic acid moiety in both complexes interacts with heme iron directly with Fe-OH distances of 3.0 and 3.2A respectively. The OH is also hydrogen bonded to His-109 N(epsilon2) and Gln-105N(epsilon2). The plane of benzene ring of ASA is inclined at 70.7 degrees from the plane of heme moiety, whereas the aromatic planes of SHA and BHA are nearly parallel to the heme plane with inclinations of 15.7 and 6.2 degrees , respectively. The mode of ASA binding provides the information about the mechanism of action of aromatic substrates, whereas the binding characteristics of SHA and BHA indicate the mode of inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Singh
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Mau Sinha
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Asha Bhushan
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Tej P. Singh
- From the Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Boscolo B, Leal SS, Salgueiro CA, Ghibaudi EM, Gomes CM. The prominent conformational plasticity of lactoperoxidase: A chemical and pH stability analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Two paradigms central to geroscience research are that aging is associated with increased oxidative stress and increased cancer risk. Therefore, it could be deduced that cancers arising with ageing will show evidence of increased oxidative stress. Recent studies of gene expression in age-controlled breast cancer cases indicate that this deduction is false, posing parallax views of these two paradigms, and highlighting the unanswered question: does ageing cause or simply permit cancer development?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Benz
- Christopher C. Benz and Christina Yau are at the Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, California 94945, USA
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Tafazoli S, Spehar DD, O'Brien PJ. Oxidative Stress Mediated Idiosyncratic Drug Toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2008; 37:311-25. [PMID: 15931767 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-55227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The following describes a novel screening method for "new chemical entities" (NCEs), suitable for ADMET studies, that measures ability to form prooxidant radicals on metabolism and their ability to induce oxidative stress in intact cells. The accelerated molecular cytotoxic mechanism screening (ACMS) techniques used with isolated rat hepatocytes showed that cytotoxicity is usually initiated as a result of macromolecular covalent binding or macromolecular oxidative stress. While P450 is likely responsible for drug metabolic activation in the liver, intestine, lung, and in other nonhepatic tissues, where P450 levels are low, peroxidases including prostaglandin synthetase peroxidase can catalyze xenobiotic one-electron oxidation to form prooxidant free radicals that may cause toxicity or carcinogenesis. Inflammation markedly activates H2O2, generating NADPH oxidase and peroxidase of certain immune cells when they infiltrate tissues including the liver. Myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase in the Kupffer cells (resident macrophages of the liver) also become activated during inflammation. The addition of noncytotoxic concentrations of peroxidase/H2O2 to the hepatocyte incubate markedly increased drug cytotoxicity and prooxidant radical formation as shown by glutathione or lipid oxidation. Many drugs that have hepato- or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity problems or were withdrawn from the market for safety problems, e.g., troglitazone, tolcapone, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, and phenylbutazone, were markedly more toxic and prooxidant in this inflammation model system, whereas other drugs, e.g., entacapone, were not toxic in this inflammation model. Some of the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity responsible for recent drug withdrawals may therefore result from commonplace sporadic inflammatory episodes during drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Tafazoli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fielding AJ, Singh R, Boscolo B, Loewen PC, Ghibaudi EM, Ivancich A. Intramolecular electron transfer versus substrate oxidation in lactoperoxidase: investigation of radical intermediates by stopped-flow absorption spectrophotometry and (9-285 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9781-92. [PMID: 18712881 DOI: 10.1021/bi801032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have combined the information obtained from rapid-scan electronic absorption spectrophotometry and multifrequency (9-295 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to unequivocally determine the electronic nature of the intermediates in milk lactoperoxidase as a function of pH and to monitor their reactivity with organic substrates selected by their different accessibilities to the heme site. The aim was to address the question of the putative catalytic role of the protein-based radicals. This experimental approach allowed us to discriminate between the protein-based radical intermediates and [Fe(IV)=O] species, as well as to directly detect the oxidation products by EPR. The advantageous resolution of the g anisotropy of the Tyr (*) EPR spectrum at high fields showed that the tyrosine of the [Fe(IV)=O Tyr (*)] intermediate has an electropositive and pH-dependent microenvironment [g(x) value of 2.0077(0) at pH >or= 8.0 and 2.0066(2) at 4.0 <or= pH <or= 7.5] possibly related to the radical stability and function. Two types of organic molecules (small aromatic vs bulkier substrates) allowed us to distinguish different mechanisms for substrate oxidation. [Fe(IV)=O Por (*+)] is the oxidizing species of benzohydroxamic acid, o-dianisidine, and o-anisidine via a heme-edge reaction and of mitoxantrone via a long-range electron transfer (favored at pH 8) not involving the tyrosyl radical, the formation of which competed with the substrate oxidation at pH 5. In contrast, the very efficient reaction with ABTS at pH 5 is consistent with [Fe(IV)=O Tyr (*)] being the oxidizing species. Accordingly, the identification of the ABTS binding site by X-ray crystallography may be a valuable tool in rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J Fielding
- CNRS, URA 2096. CEA, IBITEC, Laboratoire de Hyperfréquences, Métalloprotéines et Systèmes de Spin, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Goetz ME, Luch A. Reactive species: a cell damaging rout assisting to chemical carcinogens. Cancer Lett 2008; 266:73-83. [PMID: 18367325 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are known to contribute as pathogenic factors to the development of chronic progressive diseases at various stages. The present review discusses the role of oxidative stress in chemically induced cancer development and progression. Reactive species are capable of inducing DNA damage that eventually may contribute to cell transformation and tumor initiation. ROS and RNS are also associated with tumor promotion and progression. Both endogenous processes and redox-cycling of xenobiotic compounds have been shown to result in oxidative DNA damage. In addition, several exocyclic DNA adducts represent secondary DNA damage caused by products of lipid peroxidation in the course of oxidative cellular stress. Due to their intrinsic ability to catalyze redox reactions, transition metals, and quinones from various classes of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds are important mediators of oxidative stress and thus likely of being involved in DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, cell transformation, and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Goetz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Agnoletto MH, Guecheva TN, Dondé F, de Oliveira AF, Franke F, Cassini C, Salvador M, Henriques JAP, Saffi J. Association of low repair efficiency with high hormone receptors expression and SOD activity in breast cancer patients. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1252-8. [PMID: 17915203 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 07/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antioxidant status and repair capacity in breast cancer patients as well as the relationship between these parameters and expression of critical proteins in breast cancer tissue. DESIGN AND METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 25 female breast cancer patients and 19 healthy women. The antioxidant status was determined by the concentration of thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The basal DNA damage and repair capacity in lymphocytes were evaluated by comet assay. The expression of p53, c-erbB2, Ki-67, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The breast cancer patients presented significantly elevated endogenous DNA damage in lymphocytes and lower susceptibility to DNA damage induced by H(2)O(2) when compared to the control group. There is a negative correlation between TBARS and sensitivity to peroxide induced DNA damage in patients. The percentage of residual damage after H(2)O(2) treatment followed by 3h of post-incubation is significantly higher in patients and also correlates positively with SOD activity, ER and PR expression and negatively with the basal DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate low repair capacity in lymphocytes of breast cancer patients and suggest that the regulation of DNA repair is sensitive to cellular redox state and can be modulated by ER/PR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus H Agnoletto
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Folkes LK, Christlieb M, Madej E, Stratford MRL, Wardman P. Oxidative Metabolism of Combretastatin A-1 Produces Quinone Intermediates with the Potential To Bind to Nucleophiles and To Enhance Oxidative Stress via Free Radicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1885-94. [DOI: 10.1021/tx7002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Folkes
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Christlieb
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, United Kingdom
| | - Edyta Madej
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. L. Stratford
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Wardman
- University of Oxford, Gray Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2JR, United Kingdom
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Boscolo B, Leal SS, Ghibaudi EM, Gomes CM. Lactoperoxidase folding and catalysis relies on the stabilization of the α-helix rich core domain: A thermal unfolding study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1164-72. [PMID: 17698426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) belongs to the mammalian peroxidase family and catalyzes the oxidation of halides, pseudo-halides and a number of aromatic substrates at the expense of hydrogen peroxide. Despite the complex physiological role of LPO and its potential involvement in carcinogenic mechanisms, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory processes, little is known on the folding and structural stability of this protein. We have undertaken an investigation of the conformational dynamics and catalytic properties of LPO during thermal unfolding, using complementary biophysical techniques (differential scanning calorimetry, electron spin resonance, optical absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies) together with biological activity assays. LPO is a particularly stable protein, capable of maintaining catalysis and structural integrity up to a high temperature, undergoing irreversible unfolding at 70 degrees C. We have observed that the first stages of the thermal denaturation involve a minor conformational change occurring at 40 degrees C, possibly at the level of the protein beta-sheets, which nevertheless does not result in an unfolding transition. Only at higher temperature, the protein hydrophobic core, which is rich in alpha-helices, unfolds with concomitant disruption of the catalytic heme pocket and activity loss. Evidences concerning the stabilizing role of the disulfide bridges and the covalently bound heme cofactor are shown and discussed in the context of understanding the structural stability determinants in a relatively large protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Boscolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Løvstad RA. A kinetic study on the lactoperoxidase catalyzed oxidation of estrogens. Biometals 2006; 19:587-92. [PMID: 16944280 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-006-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase, which is produced in mammary glands, is proposed to be involved in carcinogenesis, because of its ability to react with estrogenic molecules, oxidizing them to free radicals. In the present study the reactivity towards six species (estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estriol, estrone, pregnenolone and mestranol) was investigated by means of a NADH-coupled system. The enzyme activity towards estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estriol and estrone did not vary much, suggesting that the different substituents in the D-ring of the steroid had little effect on the reaction. A somewhat higher K (m)-value was obtained with estriol; possibly because of a more effective splitting of the enzyme-substrate complex into products. Pregnenolone, without resonance in the A-ring, and a methyl group in 19-position, did not react with the enzyme, in spite of having the proposed essential hydroxyl group in 3-position. Mestranol, with a methoxy group in 3-position, did not react with the enzyme either, supporting the suggestion that lactoperoxidase reacts with the 3-hydroxyl group of the estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf A Løvstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute Group of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112, 0317 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Farah IO. Assessment of Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress using MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells, Black Seed (N. Sativa L.) Extracts and H2O2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2005; 2:411-9. [PMID: 16819096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2005030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black seed (N. Sativa L) is an oriental spice of the family Ranunculaceae that has long been rationally used as a natural medicine for treatment of many acute as well as chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease and immunological disorders. It has been used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and dermatological conditions. There have been very few studies on the effects of N. Sativa as a chemoprevention of chronic diseases as well as in cancer prevention and/or therapy. Oxidative stress is a condition that underlies many acute as well as chronic conditions. The combination and role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in vivo is still a matter of conjecture. Our objective for the present study was to expose MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro (as a chronic disease example) to aqueous and alcohol extracts and in combination with H[2]O[2] as an oxidative stressor. Measurement of cell survival under various concentrations and mixtures was conducted using standard cell culture techniques, exposure protocols in 96 well plates and Fluorospectrosphotometry. Following cellular growth to 90% confluencey, exposure to water (WE) and ethanol (AE) extracts of N. sativa and H[2]O[2] was performed. Cell survival indices were calculated from percent survival using regression analysis. Results showed that the alcohol extract and its mixtures were able to influence the survival of MCF-7 cells (indices ranged from 357.15- 809.50 mug/ml in descending potency for H[2]O[2]+AE to the mix of 3). In contrast, H[2]O[2] alone reduced effectively the survival of MCF-7 cells and the least effective combinations in descending potency were AE+H[2]O[2], WE+H[2]O[2], AE+WE, and WE+AE+H[2]O[2]. Mixtures other than AE+H[2]O[2] showed possible interactions and loss of potency. In conclusion, N. Sativa alone or in combination with oxidative stress was found to be effective (in vitro) in influencing the survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, unveiling promising opportunities in the field of cancer chemoprevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Farah
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Pike MC, Sevanian A, Haile RW. Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Epidemiology and Prevention of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:2829-39. [PMID: 16364997 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently proposed a common mechanistic pathway by which obesity and hypertension lead to increased renal cell cancer risk. Our hypothesis posits lipid peroxidation, which is a principal mechanism in rodent renal carcinogenesis, as an intermediate step that leads to a final common pathway shared by numerous observed risks (including obesity, hypertension, smoking, oophorectomy/hysterectomy, parity, preeclampsia, diabetes, and analgesics) or protective factors (including oral contraceptive use and alcohol) for renal cell cancer [Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:287-93]. During this exercise, we have noticed how certain risk factors for renal cell carcinoma are protective for breast cancer and how certain protective factors for renal cell carcinoma increase risk for breast cancer. Parity and oophorectomy, for example, are positively associated with renal cell carcinoma but are negatively associated with breast cancer. Similarly, obesity and hypertension are positively associated with renal cell carcinoma, but obesity is negatively associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women and hypertension during pregnancy is negatively associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, alcohol intake, negatively associated with renal cell carcinoma, is also positively associated with breast cancer. We propose here the possibility that lipid peroxidation may represent a protective mechanism in breast cancer. Although this runs counter to the conventional view that lipid peroxidation is a process that is harmful and carcinogenic, we present here the chemical and biological rationale, based on epidemiologic and biochemical data, which may deserve further consideration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9181, USA.
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Pool-Zobel BL, Dornacher I, Lambertz R, Knoll M, Seitz HK. Genetic damage and repair in human rectal cells for biomonitoring: sex differences, effects of alcohol exposure, and susceptibilities in comparison to peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2004; 551:127-34. [PMID: 15225587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cells other than lymphocytes may be preferable as surrogate biomarkers during exposure monitoring. In nutritional toxicology, cells from colorectal tissues are particularly relevant for studying associations between food and cancer. Thus, we have previously shown that colonic cells of males have higher levels of DNA damage than females, which (among other factors) could be due to a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages by males. To test this hypothesis, we have performed a first exploratory study to compare DNA damage in rectal cells from biopsies of male patients with alcohol abuse and of male and female controls. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were additionally monitored to assess systemic exposure loads. METHODS Cells were isolated and subjected to microgelelectrophoresis +/- endonuclease III to measure DNA breaks and oxidized pyrimidine bases ("comet-assay"). Cell aliquots were treated with H(2)O(2) for 5min in suspension culture and processed immediately or after 60min to determine induced damage and its persistence. RESULTS Pooled data from subjects of all groups revealed that oxidative DNA damage in rectal cells directly correlated to damage in lymphocytes. Female controls had lower levels of DNA damage than male controls, confirming the previous studies. An unexpected result was that male alcohol abusers had significantly less genetic damage than male controls. Also, repair was detected in lymphocytes of male alcohol abusers and female controls, but not in male controls. CONCLUSION This is the first time the comet-assay has been used to detect genotoxicity in human rectal cells as a biomonitoring tool. Our pilot study confirms earlier reports on sex differences and indicates a good correlation between damage in rectal cells and damage in lymphocytes and implies that alcohol exposure enhances endogenous defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Pool-Zobel
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Director of the Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Soliman AS, Vulimiri SV, Kleiner HE, Shen J, Eissa S, Morad M, Taha H, Lukmanji F, Li D, Johnston DA, Lo HH, Lau S, Digiovanni J, Bondy ML. High levels of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocyte DNA of premenopausal breast cancer patients from Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2004; 14:121-134. [PMID: 15203457 DOI: 10.1080/0960312042000209534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Egypt shows a parallel increase in premenopausal breast cancer and environmental pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore a possible relationship between oxidative DNA damage, urinary estrogen metabolites and breast cancer in Egyptian premenopausal women. We conducted a pilot study of Egyptian breast cancer involving 29 cases and 32 controls and analysed lymphocyte DNA levels of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanine (8-oxo-dG), a measure of oxidative DNA damage using high performance liquid chromatography with electro-chemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method. We analysed levels of urinary estrogen metabolites, 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE) and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE) by an enzyme immuno assay. We also collected residential, occupational, and reproductive histories of all study subjects. We detected, in all subjects, exceptionally high levels of 8-oxo-dG and thus oxidative DNA damage, the levels (mean 8-oxo-dG/10(5) dG+/-SD) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in breast cancer cases (139.4+/-78.4) than in controls (60.9+/-51.5). Urinary 2-OHE and 16alpha-OHE or their ratio was not significantly different between cases and controls. However, 8-oxo-dG levels were positively correlated (P<0.05) with 2-OHE and 16alpha-OHE from cases while controls showed a negative correlation (P<0.05). Urban residence (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.1; Confidence interval [CI], 1.1-9.3), infertility (OR [9.8]; CI [1.1-89.7]), age (OR [2.6]; CI [1.4-4.6]) and 8-oxo-dG (OR 5.8; CI 1.9-17.5) levels were found to be significant predictors of breast cancer. Our finding of exceptionally high levels of 8-oxo-dG, a common result of oxidative DNA damage, warrant future studies on a larger population of premenopausal women in Egypt with consideration of other susceptibility markers and dietary characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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Cunningham AR, Cunningham SL, Rosenkranz HS. Structure-activity approach to the identification of environmental estrogens: the MCASE approach. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 15:55-67. [PMID: 15113069 DOI: 10.1080/1062936032000169679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sizable number of environmental contaminants and natural products have been found to possess hormonal activity and have been termed endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Due to the vast number (estimated at about 58,000) of environmental contaminants, their potential to adversely affect the endocrine system, and the paucity of health effects data associated with them, the U.S. Congress was led to mandate testing of these compounds for endocrine-disrupting ability. Here we provide evidence that a computational structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach has the potential to rapidly and cost effectively screen and prioritize these compounds for further testing. Our models were based on data for 122 compounds assayed for estrogenicity in the ESCREEN assay. We produced two models, one for relative proliferative effect (RPE) and one for relative proliferative potency (RPP) for chemicals as compared to the effects and potency of 17beta-estradiol. The RPE and RPP models achieved an 88 and 72% accurate prediction rate, respectively, for compounds not in the learning sets. The good predictive ability of these models and their basis on simple to understand 2-D molecular fragments indicates their potential usefulness in computational screening methods for environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Cunningham
- Department of Environmental Studies, Louisiana State University, 1285 Energy, Coast & Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Ciaccio C, De Sanctis G, Marini S, Sinibaldi F, Santucci R, Arcovito A, Bellelli A, Ghibaudi E, Ferrari Rosa P, Coletta M. Proton linkage for CO binding and redox properties of bovine lactoperoxidase. Biophys J 2004; 86:448-54. [PMID: 14695287 PMCID: PMC1303810 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Accepted: 09/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH-dependence of redox properties and of CO binding to bovine lactoperoxidase has been investigated over the range between 2 and 11. The pH-dependence of redox potentials shows a biphasic behavior, suggesting the existence of (at least) two redox-linked groups, which change their pKa values upon reduction. These values are in close agreement with those observed to play a relevant role in the modulation of CO binding to ferrous bovine lactoperoxidase. They have been tentatively attributed to Arg-372 and His-226, which are located on the distal side of the heme pocket of lactoperoxidase. A complete and unequivocal description of the proton-linked behavior of bovine lactoperoxidase requires, however, three residues, which are redox linked and relevant for the modulation of CO binding. The rate constant for CO binding to bovine lactoperoxidase is slower than what is reported for most hemoproteins, suggesting that these two residues, Arg-372 and His-226, are representing a severe barrier for the access of exogenous ligands to the heme. This aspect has been further investigated by fast kinetics following laser photolysis, trying to obtain information on the ligand binding pathway and on the energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Università di Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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Russo J, Hasan Lareef M, Balogh G, Guo S, Russo IH. Estrogen and its metabolites are carcinogenic agents in human breast epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 87:1-25. [PMID: 14630087 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a crucial role in the development and evolution of human breast cancer. However, it is still unclear whether estrogens are carcinogenic to the human breast. There are three mechanisms that have been considered to be responsible for the carcinogenicity of estrogens: receptor-mediated hormonal activity, a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation, which elicits direct genotoxic effects by increasing mutation rates, and the induction of aneuploidy by estrogen. To fully demonstrate that estrogens are carcinogenic in the human breast through one or more of the mechanisms explained above it will require an experimental system in which, estrogens by itself or one of the metabolites would induce transformation phenotypes indicative of neoplasia in HBEC in vitro and also induce genomic alterations similar to those observed in spontaneous malignancies. In order to mimic the intermittent exposure of HBEC to endogenous estrogens, MCF-10F cells that are ERalpha negative and ERbeta positive were first treated with 0, 0.007, 70 nM and 1 microM of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), diethylstilbestrol (DES), benz(a)pyrene (BP), progesterone (P), 2-OH-E(2), 4-hydoxy estradiol (4-OH-E(2)) and 16-alpha-OH-E(2) at 72 h and 120 h post-plating. Treatment of HBEC with physiological doses of E(2), 2-OH-E(2), 4-OH-E(2) induce anchorage independent growth, colony formation in agar methocel, and reduced ductulogenic capacity in collagen gel, all phenotypes whose expression are indicative of neoplastic transformation, and that are induced by BP under the same culture conditions. The presence of ERbeta is the pathway used by E(2) to induce colony formation in agar methocel and loss of ductulogenic in collagen gel. This is supported by the fact that either tamoxifen or the pure antiestrogen ICI-182,780 (ICI) abrogated these phenotypes. However, the invasion phenotype, an important marker of tumorigenesis is not modified when the cells are treated in presence of tamoxifen or ICI, suggesting that other pathways may be involved. Although we cannot rule out the possibility, that 4-OH-E(2) may interact with other receptors still not identified, with the data presently available the direct effect of 4-OH-E(2) support the concept that metabolic activation of estrogens mediated by various cytochrome P450 complexes, generating through this pathway reactive intermediates that elicit direct genotoxic effects leading to transformation. This assumption was confirmed when we found that all the transformation phenotypes induced by 4-OH-E(2) were not abrogated when this compound was used in presence of the pure antiestrogen ICI. The novelty of these observations lies in the role of ERbeta in transformation and that this pathway can successfully bypassed by the estrogen metabolite 4-OH-E(2). Genomic DNA was analyzed for the detection of micro-satellite DNA polymorphism using 64 markers covering chromosomes (chr) 3, 11, 13 and 17. We have detected loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in ch13q12.2-12.3 (D13S893) and in ch17q21.1 (D17S800) in E(2), 2-OH-E(2), 4-OH-E(2), E(2) + ICI, E(2) + tamoxifen and BP-treated cells. LOH in ch17q21.1-21.2 (D17S806) was also observed in E(2), 4-OH-E(2), E(2)+ICI, E(2)+tamoxifen and BP-treated cells. MCF-10F cells treated with P or P+E(2) did not show LOH in the any of the markers studied. LOH was strongly associated with the invasion phenotype. Altogether our data indicate that E(2) and its metabolites induce in HBEC LOH in loci of chromosomes 13 and 17, that has been reported in primary breast cancer, that the changes are similar to those induced by the chemical carcinogen (BP) and that the genomic changes were not abrogated by antiestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Abstract
The role played in thyroid hormonogenesis by iodide oxidation to iodine (organification) is well established. Iodine deficiency may produce conditions of oxidative stress with high TSH producing a level of H_2O_2, which because of lack of iodide is not being used to form thyroid hormones. The cytotoxic actions of excess iodide in thyroid cells may depend on the formation of free radicals and can be attributed to both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms with necrosis predominating in goiter development and apoptosis during iodide induced involution. These cytotoxic effects appear to depend on the status of antioxidative enzymes and may only be evident in conditions of selenium deficiency where the activity of selenium containing antioxidative enzymes is impaired. Less compelling evidence exists of a role for iodide as an antioxidant in the breast. However the Japanese experience may indicate a protective effect against breast cancer for an iodine rich seaweed containing diet. Similarly thyroid autoimmunity may also be associated with improved prognosis. Whether this phenomenon is breast specific and its possible relationship to iodine or selenium status awaits resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P A Smyth
- Iodine Study Unit, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Winterle JS, Mill T, Harris T, Goldbeck RA. Absolute kinetic characterization of 17-beta-estradiol as a radical-scavenging, antioxidant synergist. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 392:233-44. [PMID: 11488597 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We directly measured the absolute reactivity of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and several phenolic model compounds for E2 toward t-butoxy radical (t-BuO*) by nanosecond time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Compared to other phenols, E2 is a moderate, but not strong deactivator of oxyradicals. The absolute bimolecular rate constant for H-atom transfer from E2 to t-BuO* is 1.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(9) M(-1) x s(-1) (23 degrees C, benzene). We estimate the O-H bond strength of 17-beta-estradiol to be approximately 85 +/- 2 kcal/mol and calculate the reaction rate constant of E2 toward peroxy radical to be 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1) at 37 degrees C. The conjugate phenoxy radical of 17-beta-estradiol, E2O*, is unusually reactive toward alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate by H-atom transfer in homogeneous solution (10(8)-10(9) M(-1) x s(-1)). Our findings suggest that E2 functions in vivo as a highly localized, synergistic biological antioxidant. This may partly explain the clinical effectiveness of ovarian steroids in delaying the manifestations of Alzheimer's Disease as well as in protecting against cardiovascular pathologies. In the absence of complementary antioxidant synergists, E2O* is expected to be a pro-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Winterle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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Li D, Zhang W, Zhu J, Chang P, Sahin A, Singletary E, Bondy M, Hazra T, Mitra S, Lau SS, Shen J, DiGiovanni J. Oxidative DNA damage and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase in human breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2001; 31:214-23. [PMID: 11536371 DOI: 10.1002/mc.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in breast cancer, we compared the levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), an oxidized DNA base common in cells undergoing oxidative stress, in normal breast tissues from women with or without breast cancer. We found that breast cancer patients (N = 76) had a significantly higher level of 8-oxo-dG than control subjects (N = 49). The mean ( +/- SD) values of 8-oxo-dG/10(5) dG, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, were 10.7 +/- 15.5 and 6.3 +/- 6.8 for cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.035). This difference also was found by immunohistochemistry with double-fluorescence labeling and laser-scanning cytometry. The average ratios (x10(6)) of the signal intensity of antibody staining to that of DNA content were 3.9 +/- 7.2 and 1.1 +/- 1.4 for cases (N = 57) and controls (N = 34), respectively (P = 0.008). There was no correlation between the ages of the study subjects and the levels of 8-oxo-dG. Cases also had a significantly higher level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase (hOGG1) protein expression in normal breast tissues than controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between hOGG1 expression and 8-oxo-dG. Polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene was very rare in this study population. The previously reported exon 1 polymorphism and two novel mutations of the hOGG1 gene were found in three of 168 cases and two of 55 controls. In conclusion, normal breast tissues from cancer patients had a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage. The elevated level of 8-oxo-dG in cancer patients was not related to age or to deficiency of the hOGG1 repair gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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49
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Ueda J, Tsuchiya Y, Ozawa T. Relationship between effects of phenolic compounds on the generation of free radicals from lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH and their DPPH scavenging ability. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:299-304. [PMID: 11253920 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of various phenolic compounds on the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed oxidation of biochemical reductants such as reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or reduced glutathione (GSH) was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Micromolar quantities of phenolic compounds such as 17beta-estradiol, phenol, and p-chlorophenol enhanced the LPO/H2O2-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH to generate a large amount of superoxide radical (O2*-) or glutathione thiyl radical (GS*), while, phenolic compounds such as quercetin and Trolox C greatly suppressed the generation of O2*- and GS*. In order to elucidate the effects of phenolic compounds on the generation of O2*- and GS*, their quenching activities for a stable radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were investigated by ESR spectroscopy. 17beta-Estradiol, phenol, and p-chlorophenol showed very weak scavenging activities for DPPH, but quercetin and Trolox C showed strong activities. This suggests that the ability of phenolic compounds to enhance LPO/H2O2-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH relates inversely to their ability to quench DPPH. That is, phenolic compounds having weak quenching activity against DPPH may enhance the LPO/H2O2-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH to generate a large amount of O2*- or GS*.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ueda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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50
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Cavalieri E, Frenkel K, Liehr JG, Rogan E, Roy D. Estrogens as endogenous genotoxic agents--DNA adducts and mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2001:75-93. [PMID: 10963621 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens induce tumors in laboratory animals and have been associated with breast and uterine cancers in humans. In relation to the role of estrogens in the induction of cancer, we examine formation of DNA adducts by reactive electrophilic estrogen metabolites, formation of reactive oxygen species by estrogens and the resulting indirect DNA damage by these oxidants, and, finally, genomic and gene mutations induced by estrogens. Quinone intermediates derived by oxidation of the catechol estrogens 4-hydroxyestradiol or 4-hydroxyestrone may react with purine bases of DNA to form depurinating adducts that generate highly mutagenic apurinic sites. In contrast, quinones of 2-hydroxylated estrogens produce less harmful, stable DNA adducts. The catechol estrogen metabolites may also generate potentially mutagenic oxygen radicals by metabolic redox cycling or other mechanisms. Several types of indirect DNA damage are caused by estrogen-induced oxidants, such as oxidized DNA bases, DNA strand breakage, and adduct formation by reactive aldehydes derived from lipid hydroperoxides. Estradiol and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol also induce numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations and several types of gene mutations in cells in culture and in vivo. In conclusion, estrogens, including the natural hormones estradiol and estrone, must be considered genotoxic carcinogens on the basis of the evidence outlined in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cavalieri
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
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