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Huangfu X, Zhang C, Li H, Li S, Li Y. SNSynergy: Similarity network-based machine learning framework for synergy prediction towards new cell lines and new anticancer drug combinations. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 110:108054. [PMID: 38522389 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The computational method has been proven to be a promising means for pre-screening large-scale anticancer drug combinations to support precision oncology applications. Pioneering efforts have been made to develop machine learning technology for predicting drug synergy, but high computational cost for training models as well as great diversity and limited size in screening data escalate the difficulty of prediction. To address this challenge, we propose a simple machine learning framework, namely Similarity Network-based Synergy prediction (SNSynergy), for predicting synergistic effects towards new cell lines and new drug combinations by two locally weighted models CLSN and DCSN. This framework only requires a small amount of auxiliary data, like genomics information of cell lines and the molecular fingerprints or targets of drugs. Based on the assumption that similar cell lines and similar drug combinations have similar synergistic effects, CLSN and DCSN predict synergy scores through capturing individual synergy contributions of nearest cell line and drug combination neighbors, respectively. High correlations between predicted and measured synergy scores on two leading cancer cell line pharmacogenomic screening datasets (the O'Neil dataset and the NCI-ALMANAC dataset) demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of SNSynergy. Many of the identified drug combinations are consistent with previous studies, or have been explored in clinical settings against the specific cancer type, showing that SNSynergy has the potential to supply cost-saving and effective high-throughput screening for prioritizing the most applicable cell lines and the most promising drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Huangfu
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Hualong Li
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China; School of mathematics and statistics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Sile Li
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Yushuang Li
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
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2
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Seyed-Khorrami SM, Azadi A, Rastegarvand N, Habibian A, Soleimanjahi H, Łos MJ. A promising future in cancer immunotherapy: Oncolytic viruses. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176063. [PMID: 37797673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the conventional methods, attention has been drawn to the use of immunotherapy-based methods for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has developed as a therapeutic option that can be more specific with better outcomes in tumor treatment. It can boost or regulate the immune system behind the targeted virotherapy. Virotherapy is a kind of oncolytic immunotherapy that investigated broadly in cancer treatment in recent decades, due to its several advantages. According to recent advance in the field of understanding cancer cell biology and its occurrence, as well as increasing the knowledge about conditionally replicating oncolytic viruses and their destructive function in the tumor cells, nowadays, it is possible to apply this strategy in the treatment of malignancies. Relying on achievements in clinical trials of oncolytic viruses, we can certainly expect that this therapeutic perception can play a more central role in cancer treatment. In cancer treatment, combination therapy using oncolytic viruses alongside standard cancer treatment methods and other immunotherapy-based treatments can expect more promising results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arezou Azadi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Rastegarvand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ala Habibian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden.
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3
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da Cunha de Medeiros P, Nascimento CC, Perobelli JE. Antineoplastic drugs in environmentally relevant concentrations cause endocrine disruption and testicular dysfunction in experimental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104122. [PMID: 37031830 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX) are among the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs worldwide. These drugs are known as emerging pollutants, once after consumption are excreted by feces and/or urine in a mixture of compounds and metabolites, entering the aquatic environment due to low efficiency in drug removal by effluent treatment plants. Considering that these substances may interact with the DNA, causing metabolic and morphological changes, leading to cell death, the present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of a long-term exposure to these antineoplastic drugs in environmentally relevant concentrations, on testicular morphophysiology of rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10 / group): control, received only vehicle; MTX, received methotrexate at 10ngL-1 in drinking water; 5-FU received 5-fluorouracil at 10ngL-1 in drinking water; and MTX+ 5FU, received the combination of MTX and 5-FU at 10ngL-1 each. The treatment period was from postnatal day (PND)70 to PND160, when the animals were euthanized for evaluation of testicular toxicity and changes in endocrine signaling. In these experimental conditions, both drugs acted as endocrine disruptors causing cytotoxic effects in the testes of exposed rats, altering the structural pattern of seminiferous tubules and leading to oxidative stress even at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia C Nascimento
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Lin-Rahardja K, Weaver DT, Scarborough JA, Scott JG. Evolution-Informed Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6738. [PMID: 37047714 PMCID: PMC10095117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-changing nature of cancer poses the most difficult challenge oncologists face today. Cancer's remarkable adaptability has inspired many to work toward understanding the evolutionary dynamics that underlie this disease in hopes of learning new ways to fight it. Eco-evolutionary dynamics of a tumor are not accounted for in most standard treatment regimens, but exploiting them would help us combat treatment-resistant effectively. Here, we outline several notable efforts to exploit these dynamics and circumvent drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Lin-Rahardja
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Davis T. Weaver
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jessica A. Scarborough
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jacob G. Scott
- Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kadioglu O, Bahramimehr F, Dawood M, Mahmoud N, Elbadawi M, Lu X, Bülbül Y, Schulz JA, Krämer L, Urschel MK, Künzli Z, Abdulrahman L, Aboumaachar F, Kadalo L, Nguyen LV, Shaidaei S, Thaher N, Walter K, Besler KC, Spuller A, Munder M, Greten HJ, Efferth T. A drug repurposing approach for individualized cancer therapy based on transcriptome sequencing and virtual drug screening. Comput Biol Med 2023; 157:106781. [PMID: 36931205 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA-sequencing has been proposed as a valuable technique to develop individualized therapy concepts for cancer patients based on their tumor-specific mutational profiles. Here, we aimed to identify drugs and inhibitors in an individualized therapy-based drug repurposing approach focusing on missense mutations for 35 biopsies of cancer patients. The missense mutations belonged to 9 categories (ABC transporter, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell cycle, DNA damage, kinase, protease, transcription factor, tumor suppressor). The highest percentages of missense mutations were observed in transcription factor genes. The mutational profiles of all 35 tumors were subjected to hierarchical heatmap clustering. All 7 leukemia biopsies clustered together and were separated from solid tumors. Based on these individual mutation profiles, two strategies for the identification of possible drug candidates were applied: Firstly, virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs based on the protein structures carrying particular missense mutations. Secondly, we mined the Drug Gene Interaction (DGI) database (https://www.dgidb.org/) to identify approved or experimental inhibitors for missense mutated proteins in our dataset of 35 tumors. In conclusion, our approach based on virtual drug screening of FDA-approved drugs and DGI-based inhibitor selection may provide new, individual treatment options for patients with otherwise refractory tumors that do not respond anymore to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Faranak Bahramimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yagmur Bülbül
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Agnieszka Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Krämer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie-Kathrin Urschel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zoe Künzli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leila Abdulrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fadwa Aboumaachar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lajien Kadalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Le Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Shaidaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nawal Thaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Walter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karolin Christiane Besler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Functional Precision Oncology: The Next Frontier to Improve Glioblastoma Outcome? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158637. [PMID: 35955765 PMCID: PMC9369403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most malignant and intrinsically resistant brain tumour in adults. Despite intensive research over the past few decades, through which numerous potentially druggable targets have been identified, virtually all clinical trials of the past 20 years have failed to improve the outcome for the vast majority of GBM patients. The observation that small subgroups of patients displayed a therapeutic response across several unsuccessful clinical trials suggests that the GBM patient population probably consists of multiple subgroups that probably all require a distinct therapeutic approach. Due to extensive inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, assigning the right therapy to each patient remains a major challenge. Classically, bulk genetic profiling would be used to identify suitable therapies, although the success of this approach remains limited due to tumor heterogeneity and the absence of direct relationships between mutations and therapy responses in GBM. An attractive novel strategy aims at implementing methods for functional precision oncology, which refers to the evaluation of treatment efficacies and vulnerabilities of (ex vivo) living tumor cells in a highly personalized way. Such approaches are currently being implemented for other cancer types by providing rapid, translatable information to guide patient-tailored therapeutic selections. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of transforming technologies, tools and challenges for functional precision oncology and how these could improve therapy selection for GBM patients.
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Hu M, Keeling M, Wu H, VanderVorst K, Chen JJ, Hatakeyama J, Jilek J, Dreyer CA, Wheeler MR, Yu AM, Li Y, Carraway KL. The Cationic Amphiphilic Drug Hexamethylene Amiloride Eradicates Bulk Breast Cancer Cells and Therapy-Resistant Subpopulations with Similar Efficiencies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040949. [PMID: 35205696 PMCID: PMC8869814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cell subpopulations, including cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents is a key barrier to improved outcomes for cancer patients. The cationic amphiphilic drug hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) has been previously demonstrated to efficiently kill bulk breast cancer cells independent of tumor subtype or species but acts poorly toward non-transformed cells derived from multiple tissues. Here, we demonstrate that HMA is similarly cytotoxic toward breast CSC-related subpopulations that are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, but poorly cytotoxic toward normal mammary stem cells. HMA inhibits the sphere-forming capacity of FACS-sorted human and mouse mammary CSC-related cells in vitro, specifically kills tumor but not normal mammary organoids ex vivo, and inhibits metastatic outgrowth in vivo, consistent with CSC suppression. Moreover, HMA inhibits viability and sphere formation by lung, colon, pancreatic, brain, liver, prostate, and bladder tumor cell lines, suggesting that its effects may be applicable to multiple malignancies. Our observations expose a key vulnerability intrinsic to cancer stem cells and point to novel strategies for the exploitation of cationic amphiphilic drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L. Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ashley Rowson-Hodel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michelle Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael Keeling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jenny J. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joseph Jilek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Courtney A. Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Madelyn R. Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (A.L.B.); (A.R.-H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (H.W.); (K.V.); (J.J.C.); (J.H.); (J.J.); (C.A.D.); (M.R.W.); (A.-M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Network Biology and Artificial Intelligence Drive the Understanding of the Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in Cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 60:100811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Fang W, Liao C, Shi R, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Zurlo G, Ye Y, Han L, Fan C, Bao L, Ortiz CL, Lin HR, Manocha U, Luo W, Peng Y, Kim WY, Yang LW, Zhang Q. ZHX2 promotes HIF1α oncogenic signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2021; 10:e70412. [PMID: 34779768 PMCID: PMC8673836 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease, which warrants the critical need to identify new therapeutic targets. We show that Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) is amplified or overexpressed in TNBC cell lines and patients. Functionally, depletion of ZHX2 inhibited TNBC cell growth and invasion in vitro, orthotopic tumor growth, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, ZHX2 bound with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family members and positively regulated HIF1α activity in TNBC. Integrated ChIP-seq and gene expression profiling demonstrated that ZHX2 co-occupied with HIF1α on transcriptionally active promoters marked by H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, thereby promoting gene expression. Among the identified ZHX2 and HIF1α coregulated genes, overexpression of AP2B1, COX20, KDM3A, or PTGES3L could partially rescue TNBC cell growth defect by ZHX2 depletion, suggested that these downstream targets contribute to the oncogenic role of ZHX2 in an accumulative fashion. Furthermore, multiple residues (R491, R581, and R674) on ZHX2 are important in regulating its phenotype, which correspond with their roles on controlling ZHX2 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. These studies establish that ZHX2 activates oncogenic HIF1α signaling, therefore serving as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Rachel Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillUnited States
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Giada Zurlo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Christopher Llynard Ortiz
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Hong-Rui Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Ujjawal Manocha
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Lee-Wei Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical SciencesHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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10
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Wang CZ, Luo Y, Huang WH, Zeng J, Zhang CF, Lager M, Du W, Xu M, Yuan CS. Falcarindiol and dichloromethane fraction are bioactive components in Oplopanax elatus: Colorectal cancer chemoprevention via induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by cyclin A upregulation. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:113-124. [PMID: 34754259 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai has a long history of use as an ethnomedicine by the people living in eastern Asia. However, its bioactive constituents and cancer chemopreventive mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to prepare O. elatus extracts, fractions, and single compounds and to investigate the herb's antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells and the involved mechanisms of action. Two polyyne compounds were isolated from O. elatus, falcarindiol and oplopandiol. Based on our HPLC analysis, falcarindiol and oplopandiol are major constituents in the dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction. For the HCT-116 cell line, the dichloromethane fraction showed significant effects. Furthermore, the IC50 for falcarindiol and oplopandiol was 1.7 μM and 15.5 μM, respectively. In the mechanistic study, after treatment with 5 μg/ml for 48 h, dichloromethane fraction induced cancer cell apoptosis by 36.5% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 3.9%). Under the same treatment condition, dichloromethane fraction caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by 32.6% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 23.4%), supported by upregulation of key cell cycle regulator cyclin A to 21.6% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 8.6%). Similar trends were observed by using cell line HT-29. Data from this study filled the gap between phytochemical components and the cancer chemoprevention of O. elatus. The dichloromethane fraction is a bioactive fraction, and falcarindiol is identified as an active constituent. The mechanisms involved in cancer chemoprevention by O. elatus were apoptosis induction and G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by a key cell cycle regulator cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China.,University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yun Luo
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China.,University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mallory Lager
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Du
- University of Chicago, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- University of Chicago, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Chicago, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Targa A, Larrimore KE, Wong CK, Chong YL, Fung R, Lee J, Choi H, Rancati G. Non-genetic and genetic rewiring underlie adaptation to hypomorphic alleles of an essential gene. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107839. [PMID: 34528284 PMCID: PMC8561638 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution to cellular stress is a process implicated in a wide range of biological and clinical phenomena. Two major routes of adaptation have been identified: non-genetic changes, which allow expression of different phenotypes in novel environments, and genetic variation achieved by selection of fitter phenotypes. While these processes are broadly accepted, their temporal and epistatic features in the context of cellular evolution and emerging drug resistance are contentious. In this manuscript, we generated hypomorphic alleles of the essential nuclear pore complex (NPC) gene NUP58. By dissecting early and long-term mechanisms of adaptation in independent clones, we observed that early physiological adaptation correlated with transcriptome rewiring and upregulation of genes known to interact with the NPC; long-term adaptation and fitness recovery instead occurred via focal amplification of NUP58 and restoration of mutant protein expression. These data support the concept that early phenotypic plasticity allows later acquisition of genetic adaptations to a specific impairment. We propose this approach as a genetic model to mimic targeted drug therapy in human cells and to dissect mechanisms of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Targa
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Katherine E Larrimore
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Cheng Kit Wong
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yu Lin Chong
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Ronald Fung
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Joseph Lee
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNUS and National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNUS and National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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12
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Alshahrani MY, Alshahrani KM, Tasleem M, Akeel A, Almeleebia TM, Ahmad I, Asiri M, Alshahrani NA, Alabdallah NM, Saeed M. Computational Screening of Natural Compounds for Identification of Potential Anti-Cancer Agents Targeting MCM7 Protein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195878. [PMID: 34641424 PMCID: PMC8510405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) is involved in replicative licensing and the synthesis of DNA, and its overexpression is a fascinating biomarker for various cancer types. There is currently no effective agent that can prevent the development of cancer caused by the MCM7 protein. However, on the molecular level, inhibiting MCM7 lowers cancer-related cellular growth. With this purpose, this study screened 452 biogenic compounds extracted from the UEFS Natural Products dataset against MCM protein by using the in silico art of technique. The hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 showed good binding with the MCM7 protein with binding energy values of −9.95, −8.92, and −8.71 kcal/mol, which was comparatively higher than that of the control compound ciprofloxacin (−6.50). The hit (UEFS99) with the minimum binding energy was picked for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation investigation, and it demonstrated stability at 30 ns. Computational prediction of physicochemical property evaluation revealed that these hits are non-toxic and have good drug-likeness features. It is suggested that hit compounds UEFS99, UEFS137, and UEFS428 pave the way for further bench work validation in novel inhibitor development against MCM7 to fight the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Kholoud M. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University Abha, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Arshiya Akeel
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Najla A. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University Abha, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 55425, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.)
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13
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Henderson YC, Mohamed ASR, Maniakas A, Chen Y, Powell RT, Peng S, Cardenas M, Williams MD, Bell D, Zafereo ME, Wang RJ, Scherer SE, Wheeler DA, Cabanillas ME, Hofmann MC, Johnson FM, Stephan CC, Sandulache V, Lai SY. A High-throughput Approach to Identify Effective Systemic Agents for the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2962-2978. [PMID: 34120183 PMCID: PMC8475220 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of aggressive multimodality treatment, most anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients die within a year of diagnosis. Although the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has recently been approved for use in BRAF-mutated ATC, they remain effective in a minority of patients who are likely to develop drug resistance. There remains a critical clinical need for effective systemic agents for ATC with a reasonable toxicity profile to allow for rapid translational development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve human thyroid cancer cell lines with comprehensive genomic characterization were used in a high-throughput screening (HTS) of 257 compounds to select agents with maximal growth inhibition. Cell proliferation, colony formation, orthotopic thyroid models, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were used to validate the selected agents. RESULTS Seventeen compounds were effective, and docetaxel, LBH-589, and pralatrexate were selected for additional in vitro and in vivo analysis as they have been previously approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for other cancers. Significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was detected in all tested models treated with LBH-589; pralatrexate demonstrated significant TGI in the orthotopic papillary thyroid carcinoma model and 2 PDX models; and docetaxel demonstrated significant TGI only in the context of mutant TP53. CONCLUSIONS HTS identified classes of systemic agents that demonstrate preferential effectiveness against aggressive thyroid cancers, particularly those with mutant TP53. Preclinical validation in both orthotopic and PDX models, which are accurate in vivo models mimicking tumor microenvironment, may support initiation of early-phase clinical trials in non-BRAF mutated or refractory to BRAF/MEK inhibition ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying C Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anastasios Maniakas
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QB, Canada
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- IBT High Throughput Screening Core, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Jennifer Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steve E Scherer
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faye M Johnson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford C Stephan
- IBT High Throughput Screening Core, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vlad Sandulache
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Stephen Y. Lai, MD PhD FACS, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z. Changes of proportions of circulating lymphocyte subsets in cancer patients after chemotherapy. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:4169-4179. [PMID: 35116713 PMCID: PMC8797418 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown how chemotherapy affects circulating lymphocyte subsets and whether the pattern of change is related to prognosis in cancer patients. METHODS Cancer patients who received chemotherapy between 2018/03/01 and 2019/12/31 were enrolled from the Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 3 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and the proportions of T cells (CD3+), helper T cells (CD3+CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+), B cells (CD19+), and Natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD56+) were examined by flow cytometry. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to explore risk factors associated with overall survival within 12 months after the start of chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 167 patients with cancer were included in the analysis, including 14 cases of cervical cancer, 18 cases of breast cancer, 33 cases of gastric cancer, 48 cases of lung cancer, 21 cases of colorectal cancer, and 33 cases of esophageal cancer. The proportion of T cells (72.58%±10.44% vs. 80.67%±11.63%, P<0.001) and cytotoxic T cells (25.38%±8.87% vs. 39.20%±12.26%, P<0.001) significantly increased, while the proportion of helper T cells (45.58%±10.19% vs. 41.98%±10.47%, P<0.001), B cells (15.10%±5.23% vs. 11.29%±5.60%, P<0.001), and NK cells (19.33%±7.54% vs. 18.28%±7.62%, P<0.001) significantly decreased at 3 weeks after chemotherapy when compared to baseline levels. The overall mortality rate was 14.97% (25/167) within 1 year after the start of chemotherapy. Patients who survived showed a significantly less increase in cytotoxic T cells (13.38%±8.28% vs. 17.28%±7.97%, P=0.030) and less decrease in B cells (-3.58%±2.81% vs. -5.29%±3.03%, P=0.006) when compared to non-survivors. Greater decreases in helper T cells (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.68-0.96) and B cells (OR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.59-0.87), and a greater increase in cytotoxic T cells (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03-1.16) were risk factors for poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Circulating lymphocyte subsets of cancer patients presented characteristic changes after chemotherapy. Patients with a greater decrease in helper T cells and B cells, or greater increase in cytotoxic T cells, may have worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Medical Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chest Cancer Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zong Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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15
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Malhão F, Macedo AC, Costa C, Rocha E, Ramos AA. Fucoxanthin Holds Potential to Become a Drug Adjuvant in Breast Cancer Treatment: Evidence from 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144288. [PMID: 34299562 PMCID: PMC8304772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a carotenoid derived from marine organisms that exhibits anticancer activities. However, its role as a potential drug adjuvant in breast cancer (BC) treatment is still poorly explored. Firstly, this study investigated the cytotoxic effects of Fx alone and combined with doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis) on a panel of 2D-cultured BC cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) and one non-tumoral cell line (MCF12A). Fucoxanthin induced cytotoxicity against all the cell lines and potentiated Dox cytotoxic effects towards the SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination triggering the highest cytotoxicity (Fx 10 µM + Dox 1 µM in MDA-MB-231) additionally showed significant induction of cell death and genotoxic effects, relative to control. In sequence, the same combination was tested on 3D cultures using a multi-endpoint approach involving bioactivity assays and microscopy techniques. Similar to 2D cultures, the combination of Fx and Dox showed higher cytotoxic effects on 3D cultures compared to the isolated compounds. Furthermore, this combination increased the number of apoptotic cells, decreased cell proliferation, and caused structural and ultrastructural damages on the 3D models. Overall, our findings suggest Fx has potential to become an adjuvant for Dox chemotherapy regimens in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malhão
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Macedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Niklaus NJ, Tokarchuk I, Zbinden M, Schläfli AM, Maycotte P, Tschan MP. The Multifaceted Functions of Autophagy in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061447. [PMID: 34207792 PMCID: PMC8229352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a complex catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During this process, autophagosomes engulf and deliver their intracellular content to lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Thereby, autophagy provides energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and represents a dynamic recycling mechanism. Importantly, the clearance of damaged organelles and aggregated molecules by autophagy in normal cells contributes to cancer prevention. Therefore, the dysfunction of autophagy has a major impact on the cell fate and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women worldwide. Breast cancer patients often have a good short-term prognosis, but long-term survivors often experience aggressive recurrence. This phenomenon might be explained by the high heterogeneity of breast cancer tumors rendering mammary tumors difficult to target. This review focuses on the mechanisms of autophagy during breast carcinogenesis and sheds light on the role of autophagy in the traits of aggressive breast cancer cells such as migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Tokarchuk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Zbinden
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-87-80
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17
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Harachi M, Masui K, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Protein Acetylation at the Interface of Genetics, Epigenetics and Environment in Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:216. [PMID: 33916219 PMCID: PMC8066013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer and is driven by abnormalities of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Accelerated metabolism causes cancer cell aggression through the dysregulation of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes as well as by facilitating the production of intermediary metabolites. However, the mechanisms by which a shift in the metabolic landscape reshapes the intracellular signaling to promote the survival of cancer cells remain to be clarified. Recent high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses have spotlighted that, unexpectedly, lysine residues of numerous cytosolic as well as nuclear proteins are acetylated and that this modification modulates protein activity, sublocalization and stability, with profound impact on cellular function. More importantly, cancer cells exploit acetylation as a post-translational protein for microenvironmental adaptation, nominating it as a means for dynamic modulation of the phenotypes of cancer cells at the interface between genetics and environments. The objectives of this review were to describe the functional implications of protein lysine acetylation in cancer biology by examining recent evidence that implicates oncogenic signaling as a strong driver of protein acetylation, which might be exploitable for novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
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Khan I, Baig MH, Mahfooz S, Rahim M, Karacam B, Elbasan EB, Ulasov I, Dong JJ, Hatiboglu MA. Deciphering the Role of Autophagy in Treatment of Resistance Mechanisms in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031318. [PMID: 33525678 PMCID: PMC7865981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process essential for cellular energy consumption, survival, and defense mechanisms. The role of autophagy in several types of human cancers has been explicitly explained; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of autophagy in glioblastoma remains ambiguous. Autophagy is thought to be a “double-edged sword”, and its effect on tumorigenesis varies with cell type. On the other hand, autophagy may play a significant role in the resistance mechanisms against various therapies. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms deriving the autophagy-mediated therapeutic resistance and designing improved treatment strategies for glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss autophagy mechanisms, specifically its pro-survival and growth-suppressing mechanisms in glioblastomas. In addition, we try to shed some light on the autophagy-mediated activation of the cellular mechanisms supporting radioresistance and chemoresistance in glioblastoma. This review also highlights autophagy’s involvement in glioma stem cell behavior, underlining its role as a potential molecular target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Moniba Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India;
| | - Busra Karacam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Elif Burce Elbasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-J.D.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (J.-J.D.); (M.A.H.)
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Veerasuri S, Little D, De Paepe KN, Andreou A, Bowen R, Beresford M, Tillett T, Gangadhara S, Loughborough WW. Radiological assessment of response and adverse events associated with novel systemic oncological therapies. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:247-261. [PMID: 33423761 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a paradigm shift in medical oncology treatment with the rise of novel systemic agents, principally molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These new groups of anti-cancer treatment have revolutionised the prognostic landscape for certain patient cohorts with advanced disease, and it is hoped that through ongoing extensive clinical research, significant survival benefits may be demonstrated in the majority of tumour types. However, radiological response assessment of these new agents has become more nuanced for radiologists, as the behaviour of both responding and progressing tumour burden can be more diverse than with conventional chemotherapy. Additionally, radiologists need to be aware of adverse events associated with these treatments as some side effects carry a high morbidity/mortality and may manifest radiologically before they become clinically apparent. This review discusses radiological response assessment and adverse events associated with these novel agents, which have become fundamental aspects of systemic oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Veerasuri
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - D Little
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - K N De Paepe
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - R Bowen
- Department of Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - M Beresford
- Department of Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - T Tillett
- Department of Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - S Gangadhara
- Department of Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - W W Loughborough
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, BA1 3NG, UK.
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20
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Raina R, Pramodh S, Rais N, Haque S, Shafarin J, Bajbouj K, Hamad M, Hussain A. Luteolin inhibits proliferation, triggers apoptosis and modulates Akt/mTOR and MAP kinase pathways in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:192. [PMID: 33574931 PMCID: PMC7816384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a subclass of polyphenols, have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer, by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-carcinogenic potential of luteolin on HeLa human cervical cancer cells, through the use of a cell viability assay, DNA fragmentation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cell cycle analysis using Annexin/PI staining and flow cytometry, gene expression analysis and a protein profiling array. Luteolin treatment exhibited cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and its anti-proliferative properties were confirmed by accumulation of luteolin-treated cells in sub-G1 phases. Cytotoxicity induced by luteolin treatment resulted in apoptosis, which was mediated through depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, luteolin treatment increased the expression of various proapoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, BID, BOK, BAK1, TRADD, FADD, FAS, and Caspases 3 and 9, whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including NAIP, MCL-1 and BCL-2, was decreased. Cell cycle regulatory genes, including CCND1, 2 and 3, CCNE2, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, CDK4 and CDK2, were decreased following treatment. Expression of TRAILR2/DR5, TRAILR1/DR4, Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95 and TNFR1/TNFRSF1A, as well as pro-apoptotic proteins, including BAD, BAX and Cytochrome C were consistently increased, and the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, HIF1α, BCL-X, MCL1 and BCL2, were found to be decreased following treatment. Expression of AKT1 and 2, ELK1, PIK3C2A, PIK3C2B, MAPK14, MAP3K5, MAPK3 and MAPK1 was significantly decreased at the transcriptional level. Expression of GSK3b (p-ser9), PRAS 40 (p-Ther246), BAD (p-ser112), PTEN (p-ser380), AKT (p-ser473), ERK2 (p-Y185/Y187), RISK2 (p-ser386), P70S6k (p-Thr421/ser424), PDK1(p-ser241), ERK1 (p-T202/Y204) and MTOR (p-ser2448) was downregulated and expression of P53 (p-ser241) and P27(p-Thr198) was upregulated by luteolin in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its anti-proliferative and apoptosis enabling properties, and this may have been mediated via inhibition of the AKT and the MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sreepoorna Pramodh
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Science, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naushad Rais
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Leveraging multi-way interactions for systematic prediction of pre-clinical drug combination effects. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6136. [PMID: 33262326 PMCID: PMC7708835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present comboFM, a machine learning framework for predicting the responses of drug combinations in pre-clinical studies, such as those based on cell lines or patient-derived cells. comboFM models the cell context-specific drug interactions through higher-order tensors, and efficiently learns latent factors of the tensor using powerful factorization machines. The approach enables comboFM to leverage information from previous experiments performed on similar drugs and cells when predicting responses of new combinations in so far untested cells; thereby, it achieves highly accurate predictions despite sparsely populated data tensors. We demonstrate high predictive performance of comboFM in various prediction scenarios using data from cancer cell line pharmacogenomic screens. Subsequent experimental validation of a set of previously untested drug combinations further supports the practical and robust applicability of comboFM. For instance, we confirm a novel synergy between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in lymphoma cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that comboFM provides an effective means for systematic pre-screening of drug combinations to support precision oncology applications. Combinatorial treatments have become a standard of care for various complex diseases including cancers. Here, the authors show that combinatorial responses of two anticancer drugs can be accurately predicted using factorization machines trained on large-scale pharmacogenomic data for guiding precision oncology studies.
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22
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Krivosheeva IA, Filatova AY, Moshkovskii SA, Baranova AV, Skoblov MY. Analysis of candidate genes expected to be essential for melanoma surviving. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:488. [PMID: 33041669 PMCID: PMC7541296 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancers may be treated by selective targeting of the genes vital for their survival. A number of attempts have led to discovery of several genes essential for surviving of tumor cells of different types. In this work, we tried to analyze genes that were previously predicted to be essential for melanoma surviving. Here we present the results of transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of the four of such genes, namely, UNC45A, STK11IP, RHPN2 and ZNFX1, in melanoma cell line A375, then assayed the cells for their viability, proliferation and ability to migrate in vitro. In our study, the knockdown of the genes predicted as essential for melanoma survival does not lead to statistically significant changes in cell viability. On the other hand, for each of the studied genes, mobility assays showed that the knockdown of each of the target genes accelerates the speed of cells migrating. Possible explanation for such counterintuitive results may include insufficiency of the predicting computational models or the necessity of a multiplex knockdown of the genes. Aims To examine the hypothesis of essentiality of hypomutated genes for melanoma surviving we have performed knockdown of several genes in melanoma cell line and analyzed cell viability and their ability to migrate. Methods Knockdown was performed by siRNAs transfected by Metafectene PRO. The levels of mRNAs before and after knockdown were evaluated by RT-qPCR analysis. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Results The knockdown of the genes predicted as essential for melanoma survival does not lead to statistically significant changes in cell viability. On the other hand, for each of the studied genes, mobility assays showed that the knockdown of each of the target genes accelerates the speed of cells migrating. Conclusion Our results do not confirm initial hypothesis that the genes predicted essential for melanoma survival as a matter of fact support the survival of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Krivosheeva
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Erevanskaya Street, 10 building 2, Floor 44, Moscow, 115304 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Filatova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Erevanskaya Street, 10 building 2, Floor 44, Moscow, 115304 Russia
| | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ancha V Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA.,Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Erevanskaya Street, 10 building 2, Floor 44, Moscow, 115304 Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Skoblov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Research Centre of Medical Genetics, Erevanskaya Street, 10 building 2, Floor 44, Moscow, 115304 Russia
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23
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Nawasreh MM, Alzyoud EI, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Yasin SR, Tahtamouni LH. Biological activity and apoptotic signaling pathway of C 11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues. Steroids 2020; 158:108602. [PMID: 32092307 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cephalostatin 1, a potent anti-cancer agent, is a natural bis-steroidal alkaloid that causes cell death in the subnanomolar to picomolar ranges via an atypical apoptosis pathway. Although cephalostatin 1 is a highly effective anticancer drug, its availability limits its utilization. We previously reported the synthesis of two 12'α-hydroxy derivatives of cephalostatin 1 that induce cell death by activating the ER stress apoptosis signaling pathway. For the current work, we synthesized six C11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues (CAs) to evaluate their biological activity. For the cytotoxic compounds, the induced apoptotic pathway was investigated. The C11-functionalized cephalostatin 1 analogues 5 and 6 (CA5 and CA6) were found to exhibit cytotoxic activity against K-562 leukemia cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells and DU-145 prostate cancer cells, while the remaining four analogues did not show anti-tumor activities against any of the cell lines. Our results indicated that CA5 and CA6 induced cell death via the atypical ER-dependent apoptosis pathway; they increased the expression of Smac/DIABLO, an inhibitor of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), which in turn facilitated the activation of different caspases including the ER-caspase 4 without cytochrome c release from mitochondria. CA5 and CA6 are promising anticancer agents due to their low GI50, the remarkable apoptosis pathway they induce which can overcome chemoresistance, and their very low toxicity to normal cells making them cephalostatin 1 utilizable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour M Nawasreh
- Applied Sciences Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan
| | - Elham I Alzyoud
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zainab A Al-Mazaydeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Majdoleen S Rammaha
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Salem R Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, CO, USA.
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24
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Kozminsky M, Sohn LL. The promise of single-cell mechanophenotyping for clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:031301. [PMID: 32566069 PMCID: PMC7286698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the immense research focused in this area, one is still not able to predict disease trajectory. To overcome shortcomings in cancer disease study and monitoring, we describe an exciting research direction: cellular mechanophenotyping. Cancer cells must overcome many challenges involving external forces from neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, and the vasculature to survive and thrive. Identifying and understanding their mechanical behavior in response to these forces would advance our understanding of cancer. Moreover, used alongside traditional methods of immunostaining and genetic analysis, mechanophenotyping could provide a comprehensive view of a heterogeneous tumor. In this perspective, we focus on new technologies that enable single-cell mechanophenotyping. Single-cell analysis is vitally important, as mechanical stimuli from the environment may obscure the inherent mechanical properties of a cell that can change over time. Moreover, bulk studies mask the heterogeneity in mechanical properties of single cells, especially those rare subpopulations that aggressively lead to cancer progression or therapeutic resistance. The technologies on which we focus include atomic force microscopy, suspended microchannel resonators, hydrodynamic and optical stretching, and mechano-node pore sensing. These technologies are poised to contribute to our understanding of disease progression as well as present clinical opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Kozminsky
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, 174 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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25
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Masui K, Harachi M, K. Cavenee W, S. Mischel P, Shibata N. Codependency of Metabolism and Epigenetics Drives Cancer Progression: A Review. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:1-10. [PMID: 32201436 PMCID: PMC7076272 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely considered to be a set of genetic diseases that are currently classified by tissue and cell type of origin and, increasingly, by its molecular characteristics. This latter aspect is based primarily upon oncogene gains, tumor suppressor losses, and associated transcriptional profiles. However, cancers are also characterized by profound alterations in cellular metabolism and epigenetic landscape. It is particularly noteworthy that cancer-causing genomic defects not only activate cell cycle progression, but regulate the opportunistic uptake and utilization of nutrients, effectively enabling tumors to maximize growth and drug resistance in changing tissue and systemic microenvironments. Shifts in chromatin architecture are central to this dynamic behavior. Further, changes in nutrient uptake and utilization directly affect chromatin structure. In this review, we describe a set of recent discoveries of metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in cancer, and especially focus on the genomically well-characterized brain tumor, glioblastoma. Further, we discuss a new mode of metabolic regulation driven by epigenetic mechanisms, that enables cancer cells to autonomously activate iron metabolism for their survival. Together, these underscore the integration of genetic mutations with metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts in cancer, suggesting a new means to identifying patient subsets suitable for specific precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Mio Harachi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
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26
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Popova AA, Levkin PA. Precision Medicine in Oncology: In Vitro Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Test (DSRT) for Selection of Personalized Anticancer Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Popova
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Toxicology and Genetics Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Organic Chemistry Fritz‐Haber Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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27
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Todorova VK, Siegel ER, Kaufmann Y, Kumarapeli A, Owen A, Wei JY, Makhoul I, Klimberg VS. Dantrolene Attenuates Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin Without Reducing its Antitumor Efficacy in a Breast Cancer Model. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:471-480. [PMID: 31918212 PMCID: PMC7031101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis is a major mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with DOX causes activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor (RYR) and rapid release of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm resulting in depression of myocardial function. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dantrolene (DNT) a RYR blocker on both the cardiotoxicity and antitumor activity of DOX in a rat model of breast cancer. Female F344 rats with implanted MAT B III breast cancer cells were randomized to receive intraperitoneal DOX twice per week (12 mg/kg total dose), 5 mg/kg/day oral DNT or a combination of DOX + DNT for 3 weeks. Echocardiography and blood troponin I levels were used to measure myocardial injury. Hearts and tumors were evaluated for histopathological alterations. Blood glutathione was assessed as a measure of oxidative stress. The results showed that DNT improved DOX-induced alterations in the echocardiographic parameters by 50%. Histopathologic analysis of hearts showed reduced DOX induced cardiotoxicity in the group treated with DOX + DNT as shown by reduced interstitial edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and myofibrillar disruption, compared with DOX-only–treated hearts. Rats treated with DNT lost less body weight, had higher blood GSH levels and lower troponin I levels than DOX-treated rats. These data indicate that DNT is able to provide protection against DOX cardiotoxicity without reducing its antitumor activity. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing of DNT and DOX in a tumor-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K Todorova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Yihong Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Asangi Kumarapeli
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aaron Owen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - V Suzanne Klimberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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28
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Boumahdi S, de Sauvage FJ. The great escape: tumour cell plasticity in resistance to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:39-56. [PMID: 31601994 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment has been impeded by various mechanisms of resistance. Besides the acquisition of resistance-conferring genetic mutations, reversible mechanisms that lead to drug tolerance have emerged. Plasticity in tumour cells drives their transformation towards a phenotypic state that no longer depends on the drug-targeted pathway. These drug-refractory cells constitute a pool of slow-cycling cells that can either regain drug sensitivity upon treatment discontinuation or acquire permanent resistance to therapy and drive relapse. In the past few years, cell plasticity has emerged as a mode of targeted therapy evasion in various cancers, ranging from prostate and lung adenocarcinoma to melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control this phenotypic switch has also expanded, revealing the crucial role of reprogramming factors and chromatin remodelling. Further deciphering the molecular basis of tumour cell plasticity has the potential to contribute to new therapeutic strategies which, combined with existing anticancer treatments, could lead to deeper and longer-lasting clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Boumahdi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Sui B, Cheng C, Wang M, Hopkins E, Xu P. Heterotargeted Nanococktail with Traceless Linkers for Eradicating Cancer. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1906433. [PMID: 33041742 PMCID: PMC7546548 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201906433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical application of drug cocktails for cancer therapy is limited by their severe systemic toxicity. To solve a catch-22 dilemma between safety and efficacy for drug cocktails, a hetero-targeted nano-cocktail (PPPDMA) with traceless linkers has been developed. In the PPPDMA nanogel, a hetero-targeting strategy is employed to improve its tumor selective targeting efficacy by overcoming the cancer cell mono-ligand density limitation. Benefit from its glutathione and reactive oxygen species responsiveness, the loaded paclitaxel and doxorubicin can be quickly and tracelessly released into the cytoplasm in their original form, which bestows PPPDMA nanogels the capability to overwhelm the processing capacity of cancer cell's P-glycoprotein efflux pump allows, and ultimately kill them without inducing side effects. The PPPDMA treatment reduced its tumor burden over 99% (in tumor weight) and 96% (in tumor number). Most importantly, no detectable tumor in more than half of the PPPDMA treated mice. We conclude that traceless linker and hetero-targeted nano-cocktail strategy could be a safe and effective approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Sui
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Elijah Hopkins
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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30
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Ho CJ, Gorski SM. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Autophagy-Mediated Treatment Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1775. [PMID: 31717997 PMCID: PMC6896088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnostic tools and therapeutic options, treatment resistance remains a challenge for many cancer patients. Recent studies have found evidence that autophagy, a cellular pathway that delivers cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for degradation and recycling, contributes to treatment resistance in different cancer types. A role for autophagy in resistance to chemotherapies and targeted therapies has been described based largely on associations with various signaling pathways, including MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling. However, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of autophagy in facilitating treatment resistance remains limited. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence linking autophagy to major signaling pathways in the context of treatment resistance and tumor progression, and then highlight recently emerged molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and the p62/KEAP1/NRF2 and FOXO3A/PUMA axes in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cally J. Ho
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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31
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A Humanized Yeast Phenomic Model of Deoxycytidine Kinase to Predict Genetic Buffering of Nucleoside Analog Cytotoxicity. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100770. [PMID: 31575041 PMCID: PMC6826991 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about synthetic lethality can be applied to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies in individual patients harboring genetic alterations in their cancer that specifically render it vulnerable. We investigated the potential for high-resolution phenomic analysis in yeast to predict such genetic vulnerabilities by systematic, comprehensive, and quantitative assessment of drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine, substrates of deoxycytidine kinase that have similar molecular structures yet distinct antitumor efficacy. Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was conditionally expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library of knockout and knockdown (YKO/KD) strains, to globally and quantitatively characterize differential drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that autophagy, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and apoptosis-related processes influence gemcitabine specifically, while drug–gene interaction specific to cytarabine was less enriched in gene ontology. Processes having influence over both drugs were DNA repair and integrity checkpoints and vesicle transport and fusion. Non-gene ontology (GO)-enriched genes were also informative. Yeast phenomic and cancer cell line pharmacogenomics data were integrated to identify yeast–human homologs with correlated differential gene expression and drug efficacy, thus providing a unique resource to predict whether differential gene expression observed in cancer genetic profiles are causal in tumor-specific responses to cytotoxic agents.
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32
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Sarkar A, Chanda A, Regmi SC, Karve K, Deng L, Jay GD, Jirik FR, Schmidt TA, Bonni S. Recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) suppresses breast cancer cell invasion by inhibiting TGFβ-Hyaluronan-CD44 signalling pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219697. [PMID: 31361756 PMCID: PMC6667139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The ability of cancer cells to become invasive and migratory contribute significantly to metastatic growth, which necessitates the identification of novel anti-migratory and anti-invasive therapeutic approaches. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, contributes to joint synovial homeostasis through its friction-reducing and anti-adhesive properties. Adhesion to surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) components is critical for cancer cells to invade the ECM and eventually become metastatic, raising the question whether PRG4 has an anti-invasive effect on cancer cells. Here, we report that a full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) suppresses the ability of the secreted protein transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) to induce phenotypic disruption of three-dimensional human breast cancer cell-derived organoids by reducing ligand-induced cell invasion. In mechanistic studies, we find that rhPRG4 suppresses TGFβ-induced invasiveness of cancer cells by inhibiting the downstream hyaluronan (HA)-cell surface cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) signalling axis. Furthermore, we find that rhPRG4 represses TGFβ-dependent increase in the protein abundance of CD44 and of the enzyme HAS2, which is involved in HA biosynthesis. It is widely accepted that TGFβ has both tumor suppressing and tumor promoting roles in cancer. The novel finding that rhPRG4 opposes HAS2 and CD44 induction by TGFβ has implications for downregulating the tumor promoting roles, while maintaining the tumor suppressive aspects of TGFβ actions. Finally, these findings point to rhPRG4's potential clinical utility as a therapeutic treatment for invasive and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusi Sarkar
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayan Chanda
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suresh C. Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunal Karve
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lili Deng
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine—Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Frank R. Jirik
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SB); (TS)
| | - Shirin Bonni
- The Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (SB); (TS)
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33
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D'Cunha RR, Murry DJ, An G. Nilotinib Alters the Efflux Transporter-Mediated Pharmacokinetics of Afatinib in Mice. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3434-3442. [PMID: 31163185 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are novel anticancer agents with enhanced selectivity and superior safety profiles than conventional chemotherapeutics. A major shortcoming in TKI therapy is the development of acquired resistance. An important resistance mechanism is reduced intracellular drug accumulation due to an overexpression of efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in cancer cells. TKIs have dual roles as substrates and inhibitors of Pgp and BCRP; thus, combination TKI therapy could potentially reverse efflux transporter-mediated TKI resistance. In the present study, the effect of 14 TKIs on Pgp-, Bcrp1-, and BCRP-mediated afatinib efflux was investigated in vitro. Nilotinib was a potent inhibitor of Pgp, Bcrp1, and BCRP, with EC50 values of 2.22, 2.47, and 0.692 μM, respectively. Consequently, the pharmacokinetics of afatinib with and without the coadministration of nilotinib was determined in mice plasma and various tissues. Nilotinib increased afatinib AUC by 188% in plasma, and this altered tissue AUC by -38.8% to +221%. Nilotinib also decreased the clearance of afatinib by 65.3%, from 609 to 211 mL/h. Further studies are warranted to assess nilotinib's chemosensitizing effect in tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronilda R D'Cunha
- The Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Guohua An
- The Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.
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34
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Saleem H, Kulsoom Abdul U, Küçükosmanoglu A, Houweling M, Cornelissen FMG, Heiland DH, Hegi ME, Kouwenhoven MCM, Bailey D, Würdinger T, Westerman BA. The TICking clock of EGFR therapy resistance in glioblastoma: Target Independence or target Compensation. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 43:29-37. [PMID: 31054489 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy against driver mutations responsible for cancer progression has been shown to be effective in many tumor types. For glioblastoma (GBM), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is the most frequently mutated oncogenic driver and has therefore been considered an attractive target for therapy. However, so far responses to EGFR-pathway inhibitors have been disappointing. We performed an exhaustive analysis of the mechanisms that might account for therapy resistance against EGFR inhibition. We define two major mechanisms of resistance and propose modalities to overcome them. The first resistance mechanism concerns target independence. In this case, cells have lost expression of the EGFR protein and experience no negative impact of EGFR targeting. Loss of extrachromosomally encoded EGFR as present in double minute DNA is a frequent mechanism for this type of drug resistance. The second mechanism concerns target compensation. In this case, cells will counteract EGFR inhibition by activation of compensatory pathways that render them independent of EGFR signaling. Compensatory pathway candidates are platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGFβ), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFR1) and cMET and their downstream targets, all not commonly mutated at the time of diagnosis alongside EGFR mutation. Given that both mechanisms make cells independent of EGFR expression, other means have to be found to eradicate drug resistant cells. To this end we suggest rational strategies which include the use of multi-target therapies that hit truncation mutations (mechanism 1) or multi-target therapies to co-inhibit compensatory proteins (mechanism 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Saleem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - U Kulsoom Abdul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Asli Küçükosmanoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Megan Houweling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur M G Cornelissen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Biology, Nature Science Building, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093-0377, United States
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde C M Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Tom Würdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart A Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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35
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Terrazas M, Sánchez D, Battistini F, Villegas N, Brun-Heath I, Orozco M. A multifunctional toolkit for target-directed cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:802-805. [PMID: 30574643 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we present 2shRNA, a shRNA-based nanobinder, which can simultaneously attack two therapeutic targets involved in drug resistance pathways and can additionally bind accessory molecules such as cell targeting peptides or fluorophores. We create 2shRNAs designed to specifically kill HER2+ breast cancer cells in the absence of a transfecting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Terrazas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Joint IRB-BSC Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Masui K, Onizuka H, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Metabolic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of glioma: Update. Neuropathology 2019; 39:3-13. [PMID: 30609184 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that is currently classified not only by its tissue and cell type of origin but increasingly by its molecular composition. Increasingly, tumor classification and subtyping is being performed based upon the oncogene gains, tumor suppressor losses, and associated epigenetic and transcriptional features. However, cancers, including brain tumors, are also characterized by profound alterations in cellular metabolism. At present, even though signature mutations in known metabolic enzymes are recognized as being important, the metabolic landscape of tumors is not currently incorporated into tumor diagnostic categories. Here we describe a set of recent discoveries on metabolic reprogramming driven by mutations in the genes for the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways, which are the most commonly observed aberrations in diffuse gliomas. We highlight the importance of oncometabolites to dynamically shift the epigenetic landscape in IDH-mutant gliomas, and c-Myc and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in RTK-mutated gliomas to adapt to the microenvironment through metabolic reprogramming. These signify the integration of the genetic mutations with metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts in diffuse gliomas, shedding new light onto potential patient subsets, coupled with information to guide the development of new therapeutic opportunities against the deadly types of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Onizuka
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Liu X, Zhang SM, McGeary MK, Krykbaeva I, Lai L, Jansen DJ, Kales SC, Simeonov A, Hall MD, Kelly DP, Bosenberg MW, Yan Q. KDM5B Promotes Drug Resistance by Regulating Melanoma-Propagating Cell Subpopulations. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:706-717. [PMID: 30523048 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge for cancer treatment, especially due to the presence of various subpopulations with stem cell or progenitor cell properties. In mouse melanomas, both CD34+p75- (CD34+) and CD34-p75- (CD34-) tumor subpopulations were characterized as melanoma-propagating cells (MPC) that exhibit some of those key features. However, these two subpopulations differ from each other in tumorigenic potential, ability to recapitulate heterogeneity, and chemoresistance. In this study, we demonstrate that CD34+ and CD34- subpopulations carrying the BRAFV600E mutation confer differential sensitivity to targeted BRAF inhibition. Through elevated KDM5B expression, melanoma cells shift toward a more drug-tolerant, CD34- state upon exposure to BRAF inhibitor or combined BRAF inhibitor and MEK inhibitor treatment. KDM5B loss or inhibition shifts melanoma cells to the more BRAF inhibitor-sensitive CD34+ state. These results support that KDM5B is a critical epigenetic regulator that governs the transition of key MPC subpopulations with distinct drug sensitivity. This study also emphasizes the importance of continuing to advance our understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and ultimately develop novel therapeutics by altering the heterogeneous characteristics of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meaghan K McGeary
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Irina Krykbaeva
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ling Lai
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Jansen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Stephen C Kales
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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38
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Ryu Y, Kang JA, Kim D, Kim SR, Kim S, Park SJ, Kwon SH, Kim KN, Lee DE, Lee JJ, Kim HS. Programed Assembly of Nucleoprotein Nanoparticles Using DNA and Zinc Fingers for Targeted Protein Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802618. [PMID: 30398698 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With a growing number of intracellular drug targets and the high efficacy of protein therapeutics, the targeted delivery of active proteins with negligible toxicity is a challenging issue in the field of precision medicine. Herein, a programed assembly of nucleoprotein nanoparticles (NNPs) using DNA and zinc fingers (ZnFs) for targeted protein delivery is presented. Two types of ZnFs with different sequence specificities are genetically fused to a targeting moiety and a protein cargo, respectively. Double-stranded DNA with multiple ZnF-binding sequences is grafted onto inorganic nanoparticles, followed by conjugation with the ZnF-fused proteins, generating the assembly of NNPs with a uniform size distribution and high stability. The approach enables controlled loading of a protein cargo on the NNPs, offering a high cytosolic delivery efficiency and target specificity. The utility and potential of the assembly as a versatile protein delivery vehicle is demonstrated based on their remarkable antitumor activity and target specificity with negligible toxicity in a xenograft mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung Ae Kang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seong Ji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Joong-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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39
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Pishas KI, Lessnick SL. Ewing sarcoma resistance to SP-2509 is not mediated through KDM1A/LSD1 mutation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36413-36429. [PMID: 30559927 PMCID: PMC6284858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common solid bone malignancy diagnosed in pediatric and young adolescent populations. Despite global co-operative efforts, outcomes for patients with relapsed and refractory disease remains obstinately poor. It has become increasingly clear that disruption of the epigenome as a result of alterations in epigenetic regulators, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. As such, this study investigated Ewing sarcoma mechanisms of acquired resistance to the small molecule reversible lysine specific demethylase (LSD1/KDM1A) inhibitor SP-2509. Surprisingly, whole exome sequencing analysis of our generated A673 SP-2509 drug resistant cell line revealed an absence of mutations in KDM1A. Compared to parental counterparts, SP-2509 drug resistant cells demonstrated decreased anchorage independent growth capacity, enhanced sensitivity to the HDAC inhibitors vorinostat/entinostat and a distinct transcriptional profile that was enriched for extracellular matrix proteins. SP-2509 drug resistant cells also exhibited elevated expression levels of the multi-drug resistance genes ABCB1, ABCC3, and ABBC5 and decreased expression of the transcriptional repressor RCOR1/CoREST. Following several months of SP-2509 withdrawal, low level SP-2509 resistance was still apparent (6.3 fold increase in IC50), with drug resistant cell populations maintaining their distinct transcriptional profile. Furthermore, compared to parental cells, washout drug resistant lines displayed equal sensitivity to the standard Ewing sarcoma chemotherapeutic agent's vincristine and doxorubicin. Together these findings indicate that resistance to SP-2509 is not fully reversible or driven by direct mutation in KDM1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I Pishas
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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40
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Glackin CA. Nanoparticle Delivery of TWIST Small Interfering RNA and Anticancer Drugs: A Therapeutic Approach for Combating Cancer. Enzymes 2018; 44:83-101. [PMID: 30360816 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancer are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States with over 232,000 new Breast Cancer (BC) diagnoses expected in 2018 and almost 40,000 deaths and an estimated 239,000 new ovarian cancer (OC) cases and 152,000 deaths worldwide annually. OC is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This high mortality rate is due to tumor recurrence and metastasis, primarily caused by chemoresistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients also become resistant to chemotherapy due to recurrence of CSCs. Currently, no ovarian or breast cancer therapies target CSC specifically. TWIST is overexpressed in the majority of chemoresistant cancers resulting in a low survival rate. Our long-term goal is to develop novel treatments for women with ovarian and breast cancer, specifically treatments that sensitize chemoresistant tumors. Despite successful initial surgery and chemotherapy, over 70% of advanced EOC will recur, and only 15-30% of recurrent disease will respond to chemotherapy (Cortez et al., 2017; Berezhnaya, 2010; Jackson et al., 2015). Moreover, drug resistance causes treatment failure in over 90% of patients with metastatic disease (Solmaz et al., 2015). Thus, recurrent metastatic disease is a major clinical challenge without effective therapy. One of the major challenges in the treatment of breast cancer is the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells that are chemoresistant (CRC) and metastatic. Given that metastasis is the driving force behind mortality for breast and ovarian cancer patients, it is essential to identify the characteristics of these aberrant cancer cells that allow them to spread to distant sites in the body and develop into metastatic tumors. Understanding the metastatic mechanisms driving cancer cell dispersal will open the door to developing novel therapies that prevent metastasis and improve long-term outcomes for patients. In this chapter we assess the feasibility of targeting the Twist and EMT signaling pathways in breast and ovarian cancer. Additional discussions of the pathways that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that can give rise to chemoresistance. We review potential treatment strategies for targeting EMT and drug resistance as well as the problems that may arise with these targeted delivery therapeutic approaches. Finally, we examine recent advances in the field, including cancer stem cell targeted nanoparticle delivery and small interference RNA (siRNA) technology, and discuss the impact that these approaches may have on translating much needed therapeutic approaches into the clinic, for the benefit of patients battling this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta A Glackin
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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41
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Zhang Z, Chen YC, Urs S, Chen L, Simeone DM, Yoon E. Scalable Multiplexed Drug-Combination Screening Platforms Using 3D Microtumor Model for Precision Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703617. [PMID: 30239130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity is a notorious hallmark of this disease, and it is desirable to tailor effective treatments for each individual patient. Drug combinations have been widely accepted in cancer treatment for better therapeutic efficacy as compared to a single compound. However, experimental complexity and cost grow exponentially with more target compounds under investigation. The primary challenge remains to efficiently perform a large-scale drug combination screening using a small number of patient primary samples for testing. Here, a scalable, easy-to-use, high-throughput drug combination screening scheme is reported, which has the potential of screening all possible pairwise drug combinations for arbitrary number of drugs with multiple logarithmic mixing ratios. A "Christmas tree mixer" structure is introduced to generate a logarithmic concentration mixing ratio between drug pairs, providing a large drug concentration range for screening. A three-layer structure design and special inlets arrangement facilitate simple drug loading process. As a proof of concept, an 8-drug combination chip is implemented, which is capable of screening 172 different treatment conditions over 1032 3D cancer spheroids on a single chip. Using both cancer cell lines and patient-derived cancer cells, effective drug combination screening is demonstrated for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sumithra Urs
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Zhang N, Yu Z, Yang X, Zhou Y, Tang Q, Hu P, Wang J, Zhang SL, Wang MW, He Y. Difuran-substituted quinoxalines as a novel class of PI3Kα H1047R mutant inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Magalhaes LG, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD. Recent Advances and Perspectives in Cancer Drug Design. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1233-1250. [PMID: 29768576 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. With the increase in life expectancy, the number of cancer cases has reached unprecedented levels. In this scenario, the pharmaceutical industry has made significant investments in this therapeutic area. Despite these efforts, cancer drug research remains a remarkably challenging field, and therapeutic innovations have not yet achieved expected clinical results. However, the physiopathology of the disease is now better understood, and the discovery of novel molecular targets has refreshed the expectations of developing improved treatments. Several noteworthy advances have been made, among which the development of targeted therapies is the most significant. Monoclonal antibodies and antibody-small molecule conjugates have emerged as a worthwhile approach to improve drug selectivity and reduce adverse effects, which are the main challenges in cancer drug discovery. This review will examine the current panorama of drug research and development (R&D) with emphasis on some of the major advances brought to clinical trials and to the market in the past five years. Breakthrough discoveries will be highlighted along with the medicinal chemistry strategies used throughout the discovery process. In addition, this review will provide perspectives and updates on the discovery of novel molecular targets as well as drugs with innovative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma G Magalhaes
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação em Biodiversidade e Fármacos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Houshmand M, Yazdi N, Kazemi A, Atashi A, Hamidieh AA, Anjam Najemdini A, Mohammadi Pour M, Nikougoftar Zarif M. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 as a novel candidate for targeted therapy in hematologic malignancies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:54-64. [PMID: 29510227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancerous cells show resistance to various forms of therapy, so applying up to the minute targeted therapy is crucial. For this purpose, long non-coding RNA PVT1 as shown by recent studies is an important oncogene that interacts with vital cellular signaling pathways and different proteins such as c-Myc, NOP2 and LATS2. Due to the enormous role of long non-coding RNAs in development of leukemias, we aimed to show the role of PVT1 knock-down on fate of different hematologic cell lines. owing to this matter, various experiments such as Real-time PCR, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were performed. Meanwhile, proliferation rate by CFSE, protein expression of c-Myc and hTERT by western blot and flow cytometry analysis were investigated. Our results demonstrated that PVT1 knock-down results in c-Myc degradation, proliferation down-regulation, induction of apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. Simultaneously, for the first time, we posited the relation between this oncogene with hTERT that reduced after PVT1 knock-down. Considering these results, long non-coding RNA PVT1 may be a potential option for targeted therapy in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Narjes Yazdi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anjam Najemdini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadi Pour
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Adherence to Oral Anticancer Medications: Evolving Interprofessional Roles and Pharmacist Workforce Considerations. PHARMACY 2018. [PMID: 29518017 PMCID: PMC5874562 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interprofessional care is exhibited in outpatient oncology practices where practitioners from a myriad of specialties (e.g., oncology, nursing, pharmacy, health informatics and others) work collectively with patients to enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects. Historically, most ambulatory-based anticancer medication therapies have been administrated in infusion clinics or physician offices. Oral anticancer medications (OAMs) have become increasingly prevalent and preferred by patients for use in residential or other non-clinic settings. Self-administration of OAMs represents a significant shift in the management of cancer care and role responsibilities for patients and clinicians. While patients have a greater sense of empowerment and convenience when taking OAMs, adherence is a greater challenge than with intravenous therapies. This paper proposes use of a qualitative systems evaluation, based on theoretical frameworks for interdisciplinary team collaboration and systems science, to examine the social interactionism involved with the use of intravenous anticancer treatments and OAMs (as treatment technologies) by describing patient, organizational, and social systems considerations in communication, care, control, and context (i.e., Kaplan’s 4Cs). This conceptualization can help the healthcare system prepare for substantial workforce changes in cancer management, including increased utilization of oncology pharmacists.
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Riedel T, Demaria O, Zava O, Joncic A, Gilliet M, Dyson PJ. Drug Repurposing Approach Identifies a Synergistic Drug Combination of an Antifungal Agent and an Experimental Organometallic Drug for Melanoma Treatment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:116-126. [PMID: 29185769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By screening a drug library comprising FDA approved compounds, we discovered a potent interaction between the antifungal agent haloprogin and the experimental organometallic drug RAPTA-T, to synergistically induce cancer cell killing. The combination of these two small molecules, even at low doses, elicited an improved therapeutic response on tumor growth over either agent alone or the current treatment used in the clinic in the highly aggressive syngeneic B16F10 melanoma tumor model, where classical cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents show little efficacy. The combination with the repurposed chemodrug haloprogin provides the basis for a new powerful treatment option for cutaneous melanoma. Importantly, because synergistic induction of tumor cell death is achieved with low individual drug doses, and cellular targets for RAPTA-T are different from those of classical chemotherapeutic drugs, a therapeutic strategy based on this approach could avoid toxicities and potentially resistance mechanisms, and could even inhibit metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Riedel
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Zava
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Joncic
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yan K, Shen L, Yang W, Gong J, Ding K. Clinical study of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in digestive system. Chin J Cancer Res 2018; 30:553-563. [PMID: 30510367 PMCID: PMC6232363 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy. Methods From October 2014 to June 2016, twelve patients volunteered to participate in this study. Eleven patients had hepatic metastases from tumors of the digestive system, and one patient had pancreatic carcinoma. According to the mechanical index (MI) in the ultrasound field, patients were classified into four groups with MIs of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Within half an hour after chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound scanning with ultrasound microbubbles (SonoVue) to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. All adverse reactions were recorded and were classified in 4 grades according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (CTCAE V4.03). Tumor responses were evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria. All the patients were followed up until progression. Results All the adverse reactions recorded were level 1 or level 2. No local pain occurred in any of the patients. Among all the adverse reactions, fever might be related to the treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Six patients had stable disease (SD), and one patient had a partial response (PR) after the first cycle of treatment. At the end of follow-up, tumor progression was restricted to the original sites, and no new lesions had appeared. Conclusions Our preliminary data showed the potential role of a combined treatment with ultrasound and microbubbles in enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors of the digestive system. This technique is safe when the MI is no greater than 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), 1Department of Ultrasound
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), 1Department of Ultrasound
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), 1Department of Ultrasound
| | - Jifang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), 1Department of Ultrasound
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Tahtamouni LH, Nawasreh MM, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Al-Khateeb RA, Abdellatif RN, Bawadi RM, Bamburg JR, Yasin SR. Cephalostatin 1 analogues activate apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:400-409. [PMID: 29154934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Mansour M Nawasreh
- Applied Sciences Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan
| | - Zainab A Al-Mazaydeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Rema A Al-Khateeb
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Reem N Abdellatif
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Randa M Bawadi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Salem R Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
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New insights into Vinca alkaloids resistance mechanism and circumvention in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:659-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Borroni E, Miola M, Ferraris S, Ricci G, Žužek Rožman K, Kostevšek N, Catizone A, Rimondini L, Prat M, Verné E, Follenzi A. Tumor targeting by lentiviral vectors combined with magnetic nanoparticles in mice. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:303-316. [PMID: 28688987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials conjugated or complexed with biological moieties such as antibodies, polymers or peptides appear to be suitable not only for drug delivery but also for specific cancer treatment. Here, biocompatible iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with or without a silica shell coupled with lentiviral vectors (LVs) are proposed as a combined therapeutic approach to specifically target gene expression in a cancer mouse model. Initially, four different MNPs were synthesized and their physical properties were characterized to establish and discriminate their behaviors. MNPs and LVs strictly interacted and transduced cells in vitro as well as in vivo, with no toxicity or inflammatory responses. By injecting LV-MNPs complexes intravenously, green fluorescent protein (GFP) resulted in a sustained long-term expression. Furthermore, by applying a magnetic field on the abdomen of intravenous injected mice, GFP positive cells increased in livers and spleens. In liver, LV-MNPs were able to target both hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, while in a mouse model with a grafted tumor, intra-tumor LV-MNPs injection and magnetic plaque application next to the tumor demonstrated the efficient uptake of LV-MNPs complexes with high number of transduced cells and iron accumulation in the tumor site. More important, LV-MNPs with the application of the magnetic plaque spread in all the tumor parenchyma and dissemination through the body was prevented confirming the efficient uptake of LV-MNPs complexes in the tumor. Thus, these LV-MNPs complexes could be used as multifunctional and efficient tools to selectively induce transgene expression in solid tumor for therapeutic purposes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Our study describes a novel approach of combining magnetic properties of nanomaterials with gene therapy. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with or without a silica shell coupled with lentiviral vectors (LVs) were used as vehicle to target biological active molecules in a mouse cancer model. After in situ injection, the presence of MNP under the magnetic field improve the vector distribution in the tumor mass and after systemic administration, the application of the magnetic field favor targeting of specific organs for LV transduction and specifically can direct LV in specific cells (or avoiding them). Thus, our findings suggest that LV-MNPs complexes could be used as multifunctional and efficient tools to selectively induce transgene expression in solid tumor for therapeutic purposes.
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