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Biswas P, Pandey DK, Shekhawat MS, Dey A, Malik T. Tissue-specific variations of piperine in ten populations of Piper longum L.: bioactivities and toxicological profile. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5062. [PMID: 38424458 PMCID: PMC10904381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
P. longum L., one of the most significant species of the genus Piperaceae, is most frequently employed in Indian-Ayurvedic and other traditional medicinal-systems for treating a variety of illnesses. The alkaloid piperine, is the key phytoconstituent of the plant, primarily responsible for its' pharmacological-impacts. The aim of the study is to analyse the intra-specific variation in piperine content among different chemotypes (PL1 to PL 30) and identify high piperine yielding chemotype (elite-chemotype) collected from 10 different geographical regions of West Bengal by validated HPTLC chromatography method. The study also focused on the pharmacological-screening to better understand the antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of P. longum by DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity and genotoxic activity by Allium cepa root tip assay. It was found that the P. longum fruit chemotypes contain high amount piperine (highest 16.362 mg/g in chemotype PL9) than the stem and leaf chemotypes. Both DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays revealed that P. longum showed moderate radical-scavenging activity and the highest activity was found in PL9 (fruit) chemotype with IC50 values of 124.2 ± 0.97 and 104 ± 0.78 µg/ml respectively. The A. cepa root tip assay showed no such significant genotoxic-effect and change in mitotic-index. The quick, reproducible, and validated HPTLC approach offers a useful tool for determining quantitative variations of piperine among P. longum chemotypes from different geographical-regions and also according to the different tissues and choose elite genotypes with high piperine production for continued propagation and commercialization for the pharmaceutical sector. Additionally, the plant's in-vitro antioxidant property and lack of genotoxicity directly supports its' widespread and long history of use as a medicinal and culinary plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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2
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Zhu YL, Deng L, Dai XY, Song JQ, Zhu Y, Liu T, Kong XQ, Zhang LJ, Liao HB. Tinopanoids K-T, clerodane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Tinospora crispa. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106812. [PMID: 37651894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 17 structurally diverse clerodane diterpenoids, including ten undescribed clerodane diterpenoids (tinopanoids K-T, 1-10) and seven known compounds (11-17), were isolated from the vines and leaves of Tinospora crispa. Compound 3 has not only bear the dominant substituents of γ-hydroxy-α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone with anti-inflammatory activity, but also a ternary epoxy structure at C-3/C-4. The planar structures and relative configurations of the clerodane diterpenoids were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 4, 8 and 13 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic, while that of compound 3 was determined using computed ECD data and single crystal X-ray diffraction of related p-bromobenzoate ester (3a). Subsequently, all compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production of LPS-activated BV-2 cells, and compounds 3 and 8 exhibited better NO inhibitory potency, with IC50 values of 5.6 and 13.8 μM than the positive control minocycline (Mino, IC50 = 22.9 μM). The corresponding results of western blot analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that compound 3 can significantly inhibit the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokins of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The underlying mechanism by which compound 3 exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects was investigated by western blot and immunofluorescence assay, which suggested compound 3 inhibited LPS induced neuroinflammation via the suppression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and the activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jia-Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Kong
- GuangZhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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3
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Shanmugam M, Subramanian S, Ramachandran S. Method development and validation for quantification of six bioactive compounds (andrographolide, columbin, piperine, gallic, paracoumaric and oleanolic acids) by HPTLC. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:137-145. [PMID: 36384045 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the spread of pandemic diseases, immunity boosting herbal drugs are taken as a preventive medicine. Kapacurak Kuṭinīr Cūraṇam is a Siddha drug used for flu like viral infections, cold and fever. Developing an analytical method to estimate the content of active phytoconstituents in such antiviral immune boosting drug will be useful in the phyto pharmaceutical industry. METHODS A precise, reliable and sensitive ordinary phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for identification and simultaneous estimation of six bioactive components namely like andrographolide, columbin, gallic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, piperine and oleanolic acid from any Indian traditional medicine, medicinal plant, drugs and food materials etc. The separation was achieved on silica gel 60F254 TLC plates using toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The gallic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, piperine markers were estimated using the densitometric scanning in absorption mode at 254 nm. The densitometric scanning was done after derivatization (vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent) at λ=520 nm for andrographolide, columbin and oleanolic acid. RESULTS The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a correlation coefficient in the concentration range 1-5 μg per band for the bioactive markers with respect to area. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and quantitation of limit (LOQ). CONCLUSIONS Developed method was accurate, precise and fast to ensure the quality of Kapacurak Kuṭinīr Cūraṇam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugammal Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subashini Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shakila Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jamadagni SB, Ghadge PM, Tambe MS, Srinivasan M, Prasad GP, Jamadagni PS, Prasad SB, Pawar SD, Gurav AM, Gaidhani SN, Kumar YRS, Srikanth N. Amelioration of AlCl 3-induced Memory Loss in the Rats by an Aqueous Extract of Guduchi, a Medhya Rasayana. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221145063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In ayurvedic practice, the Guduchi ( Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) stem is used as a Medhya drug for its beneficial effects on memory improvement. Objectives The current study was planned to explore the Medhya properties of the Guduchi stem extract by observing its ameliorating effect on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats that acted as a chronic model of memory loss. Materials and Methods The aqueous extract of the Guduchi stem was prepared per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and administered to the AlCl3-treated Wistar rats for 42 days. The biochemical assessment of the brain tissues of the treated animals was done by the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay, protein expression, and oxidative stress assays, namely lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase assay. The neurobehavioral assessment was done using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Results The EPM test revealed that treatment with Guduchi extract showed marked improvement of memory status in rats along with reduced oxidative stress, and a marked modulation of the AChE inhibition and expression of AChE tubulin proteins. Conclusion The results substantiate the Medhya properties of the Guduchi. Detailed investigations are required to be carried out to explore the precise mechanism of the neuroprotective action of the Guduchi stem extract against the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja M. Ghadge
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul S. Tambe
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharad D. Pawar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun M. Gurav
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudesh N. Gaidhani
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, Cheruthuruthy, Kerala, India
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Haque E, Bari MS, Khandokar L, Anjum J, Jantan I, Seidel V, Haque MA. An updated and comprehensive review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:211-273. [PMID: 36345416 PMCID: PMC9630822 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae) is a plant indigenous to Africa and South-East Asia. It is widely used in ethnomedicine to alleviate various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, jaundice, inflammation, fever, fractures, scabies, and urinary disorders. A total of 167 phytoconstituents, belonging to 12 different chemical categories, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds have thus far been isolated from various parts of T. crispa. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have already established the antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antihyperuricemic, and pesticidal activity of this plant, as well as its effects on the cardiac and the central nervous system. Most pharmacological investigations to date have been carried out on plant extracts and fractions. The exact identity of the phytoconstituents responsible for the observed biological effects and their mode of action at the molecular level are yet to be ascertained. Toxicological studies have demonstrated that T. crispa is relatively safe, although dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a concern at high doses. This review presents a comprehensive update and analysis on studies related to the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicological profile of T. crispa. It provides some critical insights into the current scientific knowledge on this plant and its future potential in pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehfazul Haque
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Md. Sazzadul Bari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Labony Khandokar
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318 Bangladesh
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Anh BTM, Trang DT, Lan HTT, Van Kiem P, Tai BH, Dung NV, Nam NKT, Cuong NT, Nhiem NX, Mai NT. Constituents of Tinospora sinensis and their nitric oxide inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36069750 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One new phenylpropanoid glycoside, tinosinen A (1) and 13 known compounds, tinosinen (2), citrusin B (3), picraquassioside C (4), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl alcohol (5), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (6), erythro-syringylglycerol-8-O-4'-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (7), seco-isolariciresinol 9-O-D-β-glucopyranoside (8), tinosposide A (9), pinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), pinoresinol (12), syringaresinol (13), and lirioresino-β-dimethyl ether (14) were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic studies and comparisons with those reported in the literature. Compound 13 showed significant inhibitory NO production (IC50 value of 38.53 ± 1.90 μM) in RAW264.7 macrophages, LPS-stimulated. Compounds 3-7, 11, 12, and 14 inhibited NO production with IC50 values ranging from 38.53 to 99.07 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thi Mai Anh
- Department of Basic Science, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Trang
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Tuyet Lan
- Department of Basic Science, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Dung
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Ninh Khach Thanh Nam
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen The Cuong
- Me Linh Station for Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Department of Structural Research, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai
- Department of Basic Science, University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi 11512, Vietnam
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Girme A, Saste G, Singh R, Mirgal A, Ingavale R, Balasubramaniam AK, Ghoshal S, Ghule C, Patel S, Verma MK, Maurya R, Hingorani L. Quantitative and rapid quality assessment methods for the multi‐class bioactive constituents of
Tinospora cordifolia
using high‐performance liquid and thin layer chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry characterization. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu India
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Arunachalam K, Yang X, San TT. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114540. [PMID: 34509604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The taxonomy, botanical classification, geographical distribution, and ethnobotanical uses of T. cordifolia, as well as the phytochemical compounds found in the herb, the toxicology of and pharmacological and clinical studies on the effects of T. cordifolia are all covered in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on T. cordifolia, we used a variety of scientific databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The information discussed focuses on biologically active compounds found in T. cordifolia, and common applications and pharmacological activity of the herb, as well as toxicological and clinical studies on its properties. RESULTS The findings of this study reveal a connection between the use of T. cordifolia in conventional medicine and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and other biological effects. The entire plant, stem, leaves, root, and extracts of T. cordifolia have been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impact. Toxicological testing demonstrated that this plant may have medicinal applications. T. cordifolia contains a variety of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, sitosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Based on the reports researched for this review, we believe that chemicals in T. cordifolia may activate Nrf2, which leads to the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, GST, and GR, and thereby induces the adaptive response to oxidative stress. T. cordifolia is also able to reduce NF-κB signalling by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, activating AMPK and sirtuins, and downregulating PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the pharmacological properties displayed by T. cordifolia back up its conventional uses. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities were all demonstrated in T. cordifolia stem extracts. To validate pharmacodynamic targets, further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the known compounds against gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory processes, and microbial infections, as immunostimulants, and in chemotherapy. The T. cordifolia safety profile was confirmed in a toxicological analysis, which prompted pharmacokinetic assessment testing to confirm its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Thae Thae San
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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9
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Chaudhary A, Tomar R, Mohammed B S, Imran M, I. Alaqel S, S. Alamri A, F. Alsanie W, Alhomrani M, Kumar Aror M, Bisht D, Dua K, Kamal Kant R, Singh S, Nayeem N, . A. In silico Screening of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and Human ACE-2. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.104.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Meena AK, Rekha P, Perumal A, Ilavarasan R, Singh R, Srikant N, Dhiman KS. Identification and estimation of bioactive constituents Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin by HPLC and HPTLC for development of quality control protocols for Ayurvedic medicated oil formulation. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:171. [PMID: 34466412 PMCID: PMC8390083 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anu Taila is an ancient medicated oil Ayurvedic preparation that is commonly used for nasya karma. It contains more than 25 herbs and goat milk as per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). It strengthens the neck, shoulder, and chest muscles and improves the capacity of sense organs. It delays the aging process and reduces hair fall. Recent studies showed that it is also useful in COVID-19. In the current study, an attempt to develop quality control protocols and evaluate the standardization parameters like refractive index, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, acid value, rancidity, HPTLC fingerprint profile along with major bioactive compound and quantification of Berberine chloride, Negundoside, and Marmelosin by HPLC. Establishing quality protocol and standard parameters like physicochemical parameters and estimation of bioactive compounds of this preparation is significant for quality control. Results In this study, HPTLC identifies bioactive chemical compounds like Berberine chloride, Marmelosin, Negundoside, glycyrrhizin, and para hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), Lupeol, Embelin, and Solasodine, which were present in the Anu Taila formulation. HPLC was used to estimate the bioactive marker compounds Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin were present in the Anu Taila formulation. The quantitative evaluation of Berberine chloride (0.0013%), Marmelosin (0.0366%), Negundoside (0.0086%) is present in Anu Taila formulation. Conclusion The study reveals that sufficient quality control parameters were followed during the preparation of the formulation. Physicochemical analysis was carried out as per the guidelines of Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. HPTLC and HPLC profiles generated in this particular study can be considered as a preliminary tool ascertaining the authenticity of Anu Taila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474009 India
| | - P Rekha
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - Ayyam Perumal
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - R Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - N Srikant
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - K S Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
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Patel U, Girme A, Patel K, Ghule C, Hingorani L, Gandhi T. A validated HPTLC method for quantification of cordifolioside A, 20-β-hydroxyecdysone and columbin with HPTLC–ESI–MS/MS characterization in stems of Tinospora cordifolia. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8356894 DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a simple, specific, and fast high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method to identify and quantify cordifolioside A, 20-β-hydroxyecdysone and columbin with HPTLC‒electrospray ionization‒tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‒MS/MS) for characterization in Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts. Chromatographic development was performed using a HPTLC aluminum plate, pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 with hexane‒chloroform‒methanol‒formic acid as the mobile phase. Densitometric quantification for 20-β-hydroxyecdysone and cordifolioside A was performed at 254 nm and for columbin at 600 nm after derivatization with anisaldehyde‒sulfuric acid. The optimized mobile phase resulted in chromatographic separation of peaks for cordifolioside A, 20-β-hydroxyecdysone, and columbin at RF of 0.12, 0.47, and 0.86, respectively. The linear concentration range was found to be 750‒2250 ng/band for 20-β-hydroxyecdysone and cordifolioside A and 675‒1875 ng/band for columbin with (r2 > 0.99). The methodology showed good recoveries as 98.96‒101.43% for cordifolioside A, 98.15‒101.56% for 20-β-hydroxyecdysone, and 98.06‒98.80% for columbin. The limit of detection was found for columbin, 20-β-hydroxyecdysone, and cordifolioside A as 53.86 ng/band, 40.90 ng/band, and 107.05 ng/band, while the limit of quantification was found to be 163.21 ng/band, 123.94 ng/band, and 324.38 ng/band, respectively. The relative standard deviation for precision and robustness study for all the markers was found to be within 2%. Three markers were identified and confirmed in T. cordifolia stem extracts by ESI‒MS/MS. Compounds were assigned as norditerpene furan glycosides, ecdysteroids, and diterpenoid furanolactone: cordifolioside A (m/z = 527 [M + Na]+; UV λmax 221 nm), 20-β-hydroxyecdysone (m/z = 481.30 [M + H]+; UV λmax 247 nm), and columbin (m/z = 359 [M + H]+; UV λmax 210 nm). The optimized method was found accurate, reproducible, robust, and specific and can be applied for the quantification of cordifolioside A, 20-β-hydroxyecdysone, and columbin for quality control of extracts of T. cordifolia.
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Borse S, Joshi M, Saggam A, Bhat V, Walia S, Marathe A, Sagar S, Chavan-Gautam P, Girme A, Hingorani L, Tillu G. Ayurveda botanicals in COVID-19 management: An in silico multi-target approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248479. [PMID: 34115763 PMCID: PMC8195371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic in a very short time span. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine to counter this highly contagious disease. There is an urgent need to find a specific cure for the disease and global efforts are directed at developing SARS-CoV-2 specific antivirals and immunomodulators. Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy has been traditionally used in India for its immunomodulatory and adaptogenic effects, and more recently has been included as therapeutic adjuvant for several maladies. Amongst several others, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) play an important role in Rasayana therapy. The objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory and anti SARS-CoV2 potential of phytoconstituents from Ashwagandha, Guduchi and Shatavari using network pharmacology and docking. The plant extracts were prepared as per ayurvedic procedures and a total of 31 phytoconstituents were identified using UHPLC-PDA and mass spectrometry studies. To assess the immunomodulatory potential of these phytoconstituents an in-silico network pharmacology model was constructed. The model predicts that the phytoconstituents possess the potential to modulate several targets in immune pathways potentially providing a protective role. To explore if these phytoconstituents also possess antiviral activity, docking was performed with the Spike protein, Main Protease and RNA dependent RNA polymerase of the virus. Interestingly, several phytoconstituents are predicted to possess good affinity for the three targets, suggesting their application for the termination of viral life cycle. Further, predictive tools indicate that there would not be adverse herb-drug pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interactions with concomitantly administered drug therapy. We thus make a compelling case to evaluate the potential of these Rasayana botanicals as therapeutic adjuvants in the management of COVID-19 following rigorous experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Borse
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Akash Saggam
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vedika Bhat
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Safal Walia
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aniket Marathe
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sneha Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Girish Tillu
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Borse S, Joshi M, Saggam A, Bhat V, Walia S, Marathe A, Sagar S, Chavan-Gautam P, Girme A, Hingorani L, Tillu G. Ayurveda botanicals in COVID-19 management: An in silico multi-target approach. PLoS One 2021. [PMID: 34115763 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-30361/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic in a very short time span. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine to counter this highly contagious disease. There is an urgent need to find a specific cure for the disease and global efforts are directed at developing SARS-CoV-2 specific antivirals and immunomodulators. Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy has been traditionally used in India for its immunomodulatory and adaptogenic effects, and more recently has been included as therapeutic adjuvant for several maladies. Amongst several others, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) play an important role in Rasayana therapy. The objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory and anti SARS-CoV2 potential of phytoconstituents from Ashwagandha, Guduchi and Shatavari using network pharmacology and docking. The plant extracts were prepared as per ayurvedic procedures and a total of 31 phytoconstituents were identified using UHPLC-PDA and mass spectrometry studies. To assess the immunomodulatory potential of these phytoconstituents an in-silico network pharmacology model was constructed. The model predicts that the phytoconstituents possess the potential to modulate several targets in immune pathways potentially providing a protective role. To explore if these phytoconstituents also possess antiviral activity, docking was performed with the Spike protein, Main Protease and RNA dependent RNA polymerase of the virus. Interestingly, several phytoconstituents are predicted to possess good affinity for the three targets, suggesting their application for the termination of viral life cycle. Further, predictive tools indicate that there would not be adverse herb-drug pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interactions with concomitantly administered drug therapy. We thus make a compelling case to evaluate the potential of these Rasayana botanicals as therapeutic adjuvants in the management of COVID-19 following rigorous experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Borse
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Akash Saggam
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vedika Bhat
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Safal Walia
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aniket Marathe
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sneha Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Girish Tillu
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Thakur RK, Rajpal VR, Raina SN, Kumar P, Sonkar A, Joshi L. UPLC-DAD Assisted Phytochemical Quantitation Reveals a Sex, Ploidy and Ecogeography Specificity in the Expression Levels of Selected Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Tinospora cordifolia: Implications for Elites' Identification Program. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:698-709. [PMID: 31976836 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200124105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal phytochemistry involving UPLC-DAD in an exhaustive analysis involving quantification of eight commercially important phytochemicals viz. syringin, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, tinocordiside, palmatine, 20β-hydroxyecdysone, L-tetrahydropalmatine and berberine has been done in 143 accessions from eight states and the union territories of Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir of India representing three different ploidy levels viz. diploid (2x), triploid (3x) and synthetic tetraploid (4x). The study was done to assess the effect of sex, ploidy level and ecogeography on the expression level of secondary metabolites in stems of dioecious, medicinally important shrub Tinospora cordifolia. METHODS Two different UPLC-DAD methods were used for the quantification of eight selected phytochemicals from the alcoholic stem extracts of T. cordifolia accessions. The Waters Acquity UPLC system hyphenated to the QTOF micromass system, equipped with PDA and ESI-Q-TOF detectors was utilized for the quantitative analysis, Mass Lynx v 4.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS Significant quantitative changes were observed in the analysed secondary metabolites among different accessions of T. cordifolia. The triploid (3x) cytotypes revealed higher amounts of seven out of eight analysed secondary metabolites than diploids and only 20β-hydroxyecdysone was observed to be present in significantly higher amount in diploid cytotypes. Further, at the tetraploid level, novel induced colchiploid (synthetic 4x) genotypes revealed increase in the yield of all of the analysed eight phytochemicals than their respective diploid counterparts. The quantity of active principles in tetraploid cytotypes were also higher than the average triploid levels at multiple locations in five out of eight tested phytochemicals, indicating the influence of ploidy on expression levels of secondary metabolites in T. cordifolia. Additionally, at each of the three ploidy levels (2x, 3x and synthetic 4x), a significant sex specificity could be observed in the expression levels of active principles, with female sex outperforming the male in the content of some phytochemicals, while others getting overexpressed in the male sex. The manifestation of diverse ecogeographies on secondary metabolism was observed in the form of identification of high yielding accessions from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Himachal Pradesh and the Union territory of Jammu & Kashmir. Two triploid female accessions that contained approximately two- to eight fold higher amounts of five out of the eight analysed phytochemicals have been identified as superior elites from the wild from the states of Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. CONCLUSION The paper shows the first observations of ploidy specificity along with subtle sex and ecogeography influence on the expression levels of secondary metabolome in T. cordifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kr Thakur
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Botany Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S N Raina
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Sonkar
- Botany Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Joshi
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Parveen A, Wang YH, Fantoukh O, Alhusban M, Raman V, Ali Z, Khan IA. Development of a chemical fingerprint as a tool to distinguish closely related Tinospora species and quantitation of marker compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112894. [PMID: 31606561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tinospora species are morphologically similar. Several cases of human toxicity have been reported in association with T. crispa. A chemical fingerprint was developed to differentiate T. crispa from its closely related species and to quantitate its major furanoditerpenes namely as borapetosides B, C and F. The rapid, sensitive and repeatable method was established using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and single quadrupole electrospray mass spectrometry detectors using a flavonoid, two alkaloids, an amide and six diterpenoids. Qualitative and quantitative determination was performed by UHPLC-UV and confirmed by MS. The intra-day RSD for replicates was between 0.9 and 6.8% and inter-day RSD was between 1.2 and 9.1%. Recovery was 97-103 %. The method is useful to achieve decisiveness in not only identifying but also differentiating T. crispa from T. sinensis and other closely related Tinospora species. Seventeen Tinospora plant samples and seventeen dietary supplements claiming T. crispa, T. sinensis and T. cordifolia were analyzed. The newly developed and validated method successfully resulted in the conclusive identification of two dietary supplements to be mislabeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidah Parveen
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Omer Fantoukh
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alhusban
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Sharma N, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Qayum A, Singh SK, Dutt P, Paul S, Gupta V, Verma MK, Satti NK, Vishwakarma R. A new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside from Tinospora cordifolia triggers autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:295-310. [PMID: 28962889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia is a miraculous ayurvedic herb used in the treatment of innumerable diseases such as diabetes, gonorrhea, secondary syphilis, anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological diseases, cancer, gout, jaundice, asthma, leprosy, in the treatment of bone fractures, liver & intestinal disorders, purifies the blood, gives new life to the whole body; (rejuvenating herb) and many more. Recent studies have revealed the anticancer potential of this plant but not much work has been done on the anticancer chemical constituents actually responsible for its amazing anticancer effects. This prompted us to investigate this plant further for new potent anticancer molecules. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to isolate and identify new promising anticancer candidates from the aqueous alcoholic extract of T. cordifolia using bioassay-guided fractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and that of new potent anticancer molecule, TC-2 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of its corresponding acetate. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of TC-2 was evaluated by SRB assay and the autophagic activity was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Annexin-V FITC and PI dual staining was applied for the detection of apoptosis. The studies on Mitochondrial Membrane potential and ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production were also done. RESULTS Bioassay guided fractionation and purification of the aqueous alcoholic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia led to the isolation of a new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside (TC-2) along with five known compounds i.e. cordifolioside A (β-D-Glucopyranoside,4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 3-O-D-apio-β-D-furanosyl) (TC-1), β-Sitosterol(TC-3), 2β,3β:15,16-Diepoxy- 4α, 6β-dihydroxy-13(16),14-clerodadiene-17,12:18,1-diolide (TC-4), ecdysterone(TC-5) and tinosporoside(TC-6). TC-2 emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. CONCLUSION The overall study on the bioassay guided isolation of T.cordifolia identified and isolated a new clerodane furano diterpenoid that exhibited anticancer activity via induction of mitochondria mediated apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 cells. We have reported a promising future candidate for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - P R Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Prabhu Dutt
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Post- Graduate Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - M K Verma
- Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N K Satti
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - R Vishwakarma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Thomas A, Rajesh EK, Kumar DS. The Significance of Tinospora crispa
in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Phytother Res 2016; 30:357-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Thomas
- CARe Keralam Ltd, KINFRA Small Industries Park; KINFRA Park P.O. Koratty 680 309 Kerala India
| | - E. K. Rajesh
- My Holdings Consultancy Pvt Ltd; First Floor, Supriya Tower Chalakudy 680307 Thrissur District, Kerala India
| | - D. Suresh Kumar
- CARe Keralam Ltd, KINFRA Small Industries Park; KINFRA Park P.O. Koratty 680 309 Kerala India
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Bala M, Pratap K, Verma PK, Singh B, Padwad Y. Validation of ethnomedicinal potential of Tinospora cordifolia for anticancer and immunomodulatory activities and quantification of bioactive molecules by HPTLC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:131-137. [PMID: 26253577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomas. (Menispermaceae) is one of the most widely used plants in various traditional medicinal systems including "Ayurveda". The plant is used for the treatment of jaundice, rheumatism, urinary disorder, skin diseases, diabetes and anemia. The phytoconstituents present in the plant belongs to different class of compounds such as alkaloids, diterpenoids lactones, glycosides, steroids, phenol, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of present study was the isolation, structure elucidation, quantification and pharmacological evaluation of secondary metabolites from T. cordifolia for anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different extracts and fractions were prepared from the stem of T. cordifolia. Pure molecules were isolated using normal phase chromatography and characterized on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The anti-cancer and immunomodulatory activities of different extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated against four different human cancer cell lines, KB (human oral squamous carcinoma), CHOK-1 (hamster ovary), HT-29 (human colon cancer) and SiHa (human cervical cancer) and murine primary cells respectively. A simple, normal phase HPTLC method was also developed for the quantification of three bioactive compounds i.e N-formylannonain (1), 11-hydroxymustakone (5) and yangambin (8) in the stem of T. cordifolia hosted on fifteen different plants. RESULTS Chromatographic purification of different fractions led to the isolation of eight pure molecules i.e N-formylannonain (1), magnoflorine (2), jatrorrhizine (3) palmatine (4), 11-hydroxymustakone (5), cordifolioside A (6), tinocordiside (7) and yangambin (8). All extracts and fractions were active against KB and CHOK-1 cells whereas among the pure molecules palmatine (4) was found to be active against KB and HT-29; tinocordiside (7) against KB and CHOK-1; yangambin (8) against KB cells however N-formylannonain (1) and 11-hydroxymustakone (5), was found active for immunomodulatory activity. HPTLC quantification of three active molecules i.e N-formylannonain (1), 11-hydroxymustakone (5), and yangambin (8) were found in highest quantity in the stem of T. cordifolia hosted on Mangifera indica, however, other two active molecules were not quantified due to their insufficient quantity. CONCLUSION Eight compounds have been isolated and characterized belonging to different classes. The pharmacological evaluation of extract, fractions and pure molecules revealed the ethnomedicinal value of T. cordifolia for anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Bala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Kunal Pratap
- Regulatory Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India.
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Regulatory Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India.
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Protective Effects of Tinospora crispa Stem Extract on Renal Damage and Hemolysis during Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice. J Pathog 2015; 2015:738608. [PMID: 26600953 PMCID: PMC4639667 DOI: 10.1155/2015/738608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal damage and hemolysis induced by malaria are associated with mortality in adult patients. It has been speculated that oxidative stress condition induced by malaria infection is involved in its pathology. Thus, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tinospora crispa stem extract on renal damage and hemolysis during Plasmodium berghei infection. T. crispa stem extract was prepared using hot water method and used for oral treatment in mice. Groups of ICR mice were infected with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA by intraperitoneal injection and given the extracts (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) twice a day for 4 consecutive days. To assess renal damage and hemolysis, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and hematocrit (%Hct) levels were then evaluated, respectively. Malaria infection resulted in renal damage and hemolysis as indicated by increasing of BUN and creatinine and decreasing of %Hct, respectively. However, protective effects on renal damage and hemolysis were observed in infected mice treated with these extracts at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. In conclusion, T. crispa stem extract exerted protective effects on renal damage and hemolysis induced by malaria infection. This plant may work as potential source in the development of variety of herbal formulations for malarial treatment.
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Bala M, Verma PK, Awasthi S, Kumar N, Lal B, Singh B. Chemical Prospection of Important Ayurvedic Plant Tinospora cordifolia by UPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and NMR. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds, syringin (3), cordifolioside A (4), magnoflorine (6) and tinocordiside (10) in the stem of Tinospora cordifolia. The analysis was performed using an Acquity C18 column and gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile at a detection wavelength of 267 nm in 5 min. A high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.998) indicated good correlation between investigated compounds concentration and their peak area within the test ranges. The LODs for compounds 3, 4, 6 and 10 were 1.95, 0.97, 3.90 and 0.97 ng/mL, respectively, and LOQs were 6.64, 3.20, 12.87 and 3.20 ng/mL, respectively. The overall intra- and inter-day variations of the four compounds were less than 1%. The variation of these four bioactive compounds in T. cordifolia hosted on fifteen different trees was also determined. The compounds (3, 4, 6 and 10) were found in high amount in the T. cordifolia hosted on Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica as compared with other plants. Twelve compounds were identified on the basis of their mass and UV-vis spectra. The NMR fingerprinting of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, fatty acid methyl esters, polysaccharides and marker components of T. cordifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Bala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
| | - Shiv Awasthi
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
| | - Brij Lal
- Biodiversity Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176061, India
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Abood WN, Fahmi I, Abdulla MA, Ismail S. Immunomodulatory effect of an isolated fraction from Tinospora crispa on intracellular expression of INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-8. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:205. [PMID: 24969238 PMCID: PMC4227069 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunomodulators are substances that modify immune system response to a threat. Immunomodulators modulate and potentiate the immune system, keeping it highly prepared for any threat. The immunomodulatory effect of the traditional medicine Tinospora crispa is investigated in this work. Methods T. crispa ethanol extract was fractionated by using different solvents. The ethanol extract and effective isolated fraction were used to investigate the potential immunomodulatory effect of different T. crispa doses ranging from 25 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL on RAW 246.7 cells by detecting intracellular INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. The antioxidant activity of T. crispa was evaluated through FRAP and DPPH. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also quantified. Results Results show that T. crispa extract has higher antioxidant potential than ascorbic acid. The FRAP value of T. crispa extract is 11011.11 ± 1145.42 μmol Fe+2/g, and its DPPH inhibition percentage is 55.79 ± 7.9, with 22 μg/mL IC50. The results also reveal that the total phenolic content of T. crispa extract is 213.16- ± 1.31 mg GAE/g dry stem weight, and the total flavonoid content is 62.07- ± 39.76 mg QE/g dry stem weight. T. crispa crude extract and its isolated fraction significantly stimulate RAW264.7 cell viability (P ≤ 0.05) and intracellular INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. The results of LC-MS show that four of the active compounds detected in the T. crispa isolated fraction are cordioside, quercetin, eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid), and boldine. Conclusions The results of this study obviously indicate that T. crispa has immunomodulatory effects through the stimulation of INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions. LC-MS phytochemical analysis showed that the T. crispa fraction has cordioside, quercetin, eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid), and boldine, which may be responsible for the immunostimulator effect of T. crispa.
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Tiwari M, Dwivedi UN, Kakkar P. Tinospora cordifolia extract modulates COX-2, iNOS, ICAM-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines and redox status in murine model of asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:326-37. [PMID: 24556222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers is an important constituent of several ayurvedic medicinal preparations. In Ayurveda it is mentioned as "rasayan" and traditionally used for the treatment of asthma, chronic cough besides other ailments. This study was carried out to study the mechanisms involved in protection accorded by extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) stem to asthmatic mice by regulation of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediator release and redox signaling involving NFκB. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) Ovalbumin (Ova) on days 0 and 14, followed by intranasal Ovalbumin (Ova) challenge on days 24 and 27 to generate an in vivo asthma model. Tc extract (hydroalcoholic, 100 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) were given orally from day 15 to 23 to the Tc+Ova treated group and Dex+Ova treated group respectively. Oxidative stress parameters e.g. activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase, lipid peroxidation, GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonyl content, eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase activity, and NO release were measured in tissue, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Estimation of cytokines was done in BALF. Western blot analysis was done for IκB α, iNOS, COX-2, iCAM-1 and pJNK MAPKs along with histopathology. RESULTS Tc extract treated mice showed decreased airway hyper-responsiveness, eosinophil count and IgE content in blood as compared to Ova treated asthmatic mice. Increase in activities of SOD, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase as well as GSH/GSSG ratio was observed while a decrease in MDA formation, protein carbonyl content, eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase activity and NO release in BALF was seen in Tc treated mice. In BALF, levels of cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α were reduced and IFN-γ levels increased in extract treated mice. At the same time Tc treatment of Ova-challenged mice significantly increased the level of IκB α, cytosolic inhibitor of redox sensitive transcription factor NFκB. Immunoblot analysis revealed considerable decrease in the levels of COX-2, ICAM-1, iNOS, and pJNK. Histopathology and PAS staining also indicate a protective effect of Tc extract in inflammation and mucus hyper-secretion due to goblet cell hyperplasia. CONCLUSION The results suggest a protective effect of Tc extract against oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediator release and redox signaling in the murine model of asthma. The Tc extract shows therapeutic potential for management of asthmatic inflammation and other lung inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tiwari
- Herbal Research Section, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Kakkar
- Herbal Research Section, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chib R, Shah BA, Andotra SS, Bharadwaj V, Gupta RK, Taneja SC, Khajuria RK. Quantification of sesquiterpene lactones in Parthenium hyterophorous by normal-phase HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:950-3. [PMID: 23456568 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a normal-phase liquid chromatography ultraviolet-diode array detection method for the simultaneous quantification of parthenin and coronopilin in the leaves and flowers of Parthenium hysterophorous. The compounds were analyzed on a Merck Si60 silica column (5 µm, 250 × 4 mm) using an isocratic 15:85 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and hexane. The calibration curves resulting from the reference compounds in the concentration range of 200-2,000 ng exhibited acceptable linearity (r > 0.999). The method was developed to study the levels of parthenin and coronopilin in the leaves and flowers of P. hysterophorous collected during different seasons, and the method was validated by analyzing the spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chib
- 1Natural Product Chemistry (Microbes) Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, J & K, 180001, India
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Kapur P, Jarry H, Wuttke W, Pereira B, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Evaluation of the antiosteoporotic potential of Tinospora cordifolia in female rats. Maturitas 2008; 59:329-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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