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Kandpal M, Baral B, Varshney N, Jain AK, Chatterji D, Meena AK, Pandey RK, Jha HC. Gut-brain axis interplay via STAT3 pathway: Implications of Helicobacter pylori derived secretome on inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2303853. [PMID: 38197252 PMCID: PMC10854367 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2303853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Besides gastric complications its potential link with gut-brain axis disruption and neurological disorders has also been reported. The current study investigated the plausible role and its associated molecular mechanism underlying H. pylori mediated gut-brain axis disruption and neuroinflammation leading to neurological modalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have chosen the antimicrobial resistant and susceptible H. pylori strains on the basis of broth dilution method. We have observed the increased inflammatory response exerted by H. pylori strains in the gastric as well as in the neuronal compartment after treatment with Helicobacter pylori derived condition media (HPCM). Further, elevated expression of STAT1, STAT3, and AD-associated proteins- APP and APOE4 was monitored in HPCM-treated neuronal and neuron-astrocyte co-cultured cells. Excessive ROS generation has been found in these cells. The HPCM treatment to LN229 causes astrogliosis, evidenced by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein. Our results indicate the association of STAT3 as an important regulator in the H. pylori-mediated pathogenesis in neuronal cells. Notably, the inhibition of STAT3 by its specific inhibitor, BP-1-102, reduced the expression of pSTAT3 and AD markers in neuronal compartment induced by HPCM. Thus, our study demonstrates that H. pylori infection exacerbates inflammation in AGS cells and modulates the activity of STAT3 regulatory molecules. H. pylori secretome could affect neurological compartments by promoting STAT3 activation and inducing the expression of AD-associated signature markers. Further, pSTAT-3 inhibition mitigates the H. pylori associated neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kandpal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debi Chatterji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, India
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Baral B, Saini V, Tandon A, Singh S, Rele S, Dixit AK, Parmar HS, Meena AK, Jha HC. SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein induces necroptosis and mediates inflammatory response in lung and colon cells through receptor interacting protein kinase 1. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1596-1617. [PMID: 37658919 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein (E) is one of the crucial components in virus assembly and pathogenesis. The current study investigated its role in the SARS-CoV-2-mediated cell death and inflammation in lung and gastrointestinal epithelium and its effect on the gastrointestinal-lung axis. We observed that transfection of E protein increases the lysosomal pH and induces inflammation in the cell. The study utilizing Ethidium bromide/Acridine orange and Hoechst/Propidium iodide staining demonstrated necrotic cell death in E protein transfected cells. Our study revealed the role of the necroptotic marker RIPK1 in cell death. Additionally, inhibition of RIPK1 by its specific inhibitor Nec-1s exhibits recovery from cell death and inflammation manifested by reduced phosphorylation of NFκB. The E-transfected cells' conditioned media induced inflammation with differential expression of inflammatory markers compared to direct transfection in the gastrointestinal-lung axis. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 E mediates inflammation and necroptosis through RIPK1, and the E-expressing cells' secretion can modulate the gastrointestinal-lung axis. Based on the data of the present study, we believe that during severe COVID-19, necroptosis is an alternate mechanism of cell death besides ferroptosis, especially when the disease is not associated with drastic increase in serum ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Akrati Tandon
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Samiksha Rele
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 4-CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Amkhoh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474001, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Kumar Meena A, Ilavarasan R, Ojha V, Perumal A, Singh R, Srikanth N, Singh Dhiman K. Using Small Branches of Bombax ceiba Instead of Stem Bark for a Conservative Sourcing Approach: Comparative Studies of Chemical Profiling by LC‐MS, GC‐MS, and HPLC. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho Gwalior 474009 India
| | - Raju Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute Chennai 600106 India
| | - Vikas Ojha
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho Gwalior 474009 India
| | - Ayyam Perumal
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute Chennai 600106 India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH Government of India New Delhi 110058 India
| | - Narayanam Srikanth
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH Government of India New Delhi 110058 India
| | - Kartar Singh Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH Government of India New Delhi 110058 India
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Meena AK, Venktaraman P, P P, C MK, Ganji K, Dwivedi DK, N S. Comparative chemical profiling of purified and unpurified Strychnos nux-vomica Linn seeds: An attempt to reduce toxic Brucine content. IJAM 2021. [DOI: 10.47552/ijam.v12i4.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vishamusthi (Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.), a medicinal plant described as Upavisha (semi-poisonous) group of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Vishamusthi has widely been used and being practiced in several illness namely nervous debility, paralysis, weakness of limbs, sexual weakness, dyspepsia and etc. Ayurveda practices strictly recommend the use of Vishamusthi in therapeutics only after proper shodhana (purificatory procedure) through specific medias such as Gomutra (cow’s urine), Godugdha (cow’s milk), Goghrita (cow’s ghee), and etc. Although various shodhana procedures are recommended in Ayurvedic treatise, but updated scientific researches regarding the shodhana methods are lacking. The present study was undertaken to investigate the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, quantitative estimation of brucine using cutting edge research tools such as high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Vishamusthi seeds before and after purification. The remarkable changes have been observed in different physicochemical parameters, HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS chromatographic profiling before and after shodhana process of Vishamusthi seeds. Quantitative HPLC studies revealed that the process of shodhana resulted in depletion of toxic brucine (chief poisonous constituent of Vishamusthi seeds) reduced to 79.66% in chloroform extract and 64.54% in ethanol extract after shodhana process.
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Meena AK, Motiwale M, Ilavarasan R, Perumal A, Singh R, Srikanth N, Dhiman KS. Evaluation of Substitution of Small Branches with Roots of Desmodium gangeticum (Physicochemical Analysis, HPLC, and GC-MS Profiling) and In Silico Study of Pterocarpans for Pharmacological Target. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1527-1545. [PMID: 34792750 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present research article proposes a conservative approach for the Desmodium gangeticum by using small branches instead of roots because the plant has many important chemical constituents that show different medicinal activity, so the plant's consumption is high. We studied here comparative preliminary phytochemical screening test and physicochemical analysis. The successive soxhlet extraction method was used for the successive extraction of roots and small branches with different solvents for comparative chemical profile study by HPLC and GC-MS. It was observed that many peaks in roots and small branches of the plant sample were almost similar, and the retention time of each peak in roots coincided with the retention of small branches of the sample. Therefore, the similarity was observed in roots and small branches of the Desmodium gangeticum plant in HPLC and GC-MS. The results obtained from HPLC analysis show that roots contain 0.00116% and small branches have 0.00026% of caffeic acid in Desmodium gangeticum. The small branches may have almost similar active chemical constituents like roots. In silico molecular docking study revealed that this plant's principal chemical constituents, pterocarpans, could be inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphate kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho, Gwalior, 474009, India.
| | - Mohit Motiwale
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho, Gwalior, 474009, India
| | - R Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Chennai, 600106, India
| | - Ayyam Perumal
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Chennai, 600106, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - N Srikanth
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - K S Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
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Meena AK, Swathi KN, Ilavarasan R, Singh A, Bharthi V, Srikanth N. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of Diosgenin in coded ayurvedic formulation and its ingredient Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. seeds used in diabetics. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Methi) is a leguminous plant and botanically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn, belong to the family Fabaceae. Trigonella foenum-graecum is used for a variety of health conditions, including digestive problems, bronchitis, tuberculosis, fevers, sore throats, wounds, arthritis, abscesses, swollen glands, skin irritations, diabetes, loss of appetite, ulcers, and menopausal symptoms, as well as in the treatment of cancer. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds mainly contain Diosgenin [(3β,25R)-spirost-5-en3-ol], a plant-derived steroid sapogenin.
Results
The identification and quantification results by HPTLC and HPLC studies of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, coded formulation, hydrolysed coded formulation extract with standard Diosgenin biomarker showed a significant highest peak in hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and hydrolysed coded formulation. The standard Diosgenin is observed in the hydrolysed form of hydrolysed Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and hydrolysed coded formulation. The literature on Trigonella foenum-graecum confirms its activity as antidiabetic, and the peak of standard biomarker Diosgenin is seen after derivatization with anisaldehyde sulphuric agent, which possesses medicinal phytoconstituents value. Further related to future scientific aspects, more studies on its potent antidiabetic activity and multipurpose action need to be carried out with medicinal composition and its effects on the human body.
Conclusion
This study aims to establish the qualitative and quantitative estimation of standard Diosgenin in reliable with coded ayurvedic formulation and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds and its activity as antidiabetic by HPTLC and HPLC.
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Meena AK, Venkataraman P, Singh R, Ganji K, C MK, N S. Evaluation of the role of Shodhana (Purification) process in Croton tiglium seeds for reduction of toxic content. IJAM 2021. [DOI: 10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In Ayurvedic texts, Jayapala or croton tiglium seeds are well known as khumbini for its toxicity (severe purgative action) and are used for the treatment of constipation after shodhana (detoxification) of the seed with godugdha (cow milk). The oil content of the seeds was responsible for the purgative property, and its reduction enhances its medicinal usage. The presence of Crotonoside or iso-guanosine in seed extract was identified in HPTLC and quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography technique both before and after the purification process of the seed. The phytochemicals and physicochemical parameters of seeds were analyzed to find the level of changes in the processed seeds. The other chemical constituents of the seed extracts are studied using different techniques like HPTLC, HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS. The study has revealed that the detoxification process, as per classical texts, has shown an effective depletion in the quantity of crotonoside in processed seeds.
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Meena AK, Rekha P, Perumal A, Ilavarasan R, Singh R, Srikant N, Dhiman KS. Identification and estimation of bioactive constituents Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin by HPLC and HPTLC for development of quality control protocols for Ayurvedic medicated oil formulation. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021; 7:171. [PMID: 34466412 PMCID: PMC8390083 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anu Taila is an ancient medicated oil Ayurvedic preparation that is commonly used for nasya karma. It contains more than 25 herbs and goat milk as per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). It strengthens the neck, shoulder, and chest muscles and improves the capacity of sense organs. It delays the aging process and reduces hair fall. Recent studies showed that it is also useful in COVID-19. In the current study, an attempt to develop quality control protocols and evaluate the standardization parameters like refractive index, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, acid value, rancidity, HPTLC fingerprint profile along with major bioactive compound and quantification of Berberine chloride, Negundoside, and Marmelosin by HPLC. Establishing quality protocol and standard parameters like physicochemical parameters and estimation of bioactive compounds of this preparation is significant for quality control. Results In this study, HPTLC identifies bioactive chemical compounds like Berberine chloride, Marmelosin, Negundoside, glycyrrhizin, and para hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), Lupeol, Embelin, and Solasodine, which were present in the Anu Taila formulation. HPLC was used to estimate the bioactive marker compounds Negundoside, Berberine chloride, and Marmelosin were present in the Anu Taila formulation. The quantitative evaluation of Berberine chloride (0.0013%), Marmelosin (0.0366%), Negundoside (0.0086%) is present in Anu Taila formulation. Conclusion The study reveals that sufficient quality control parameters were followed during the preparation of the formulation. Physicochemical analysis was carried out as per the guidelines of Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. HPTLC and HPLC profiles generated in this particular study can be considered as a preliminary tool ascertaining the authenticity of Anu Taila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474009 India
| | - P Rekha
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - Ayyam Perumal
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - R Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600106 India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - N Srikant
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - K S Dhiman
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, India
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Meena AK, Rekha P, Perumal A, Gokul M, Swathi KN, Ilavarasan R. Estimation of Withaferin-A by HPLC and standardization of the Ashwagandhadi lehyam formulation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06116. [PMID: 33644444 PMCID: PMC7889947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization is an important measurement for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. It has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods. Ashwagandhadi lehyam is an important Ayurvedic formulation containing Withania somnifera L., as one of the prime ingredient of formulation. The present study was undertaken to develop standardization parameters for Ashwagandhadi lehyam. Evaluation of various standardization parameters like organoleptic characters, Physico-chemical evaluation, HPTLC finger print profiling along with dominant bioactive markers and estimation of bioactive markers Withaferin-A by HPLC. The Rf value of Withaferin-A 0.35 and Withanolide-A 0.45 is in formulation and reference standards were found comparable under UV light at 254 nm and 540 nm. The HPLC chromatogram of Ashwagandhadi lehyam and standard Withaferin-A showed at Rt of 5.015 and 5.050 min. The percentage of Withaferin-A was 0.092% present in Ashwagandhadi lehyam formulation. Bioactive markers are characteristic to the ingredients or botanicals to identify the presence of ingredients in formulation easily. The presence of bioactive markers is possible and its verification through the HPTLC fingerprint profile and quantification of biomarker by HPLC are the best ways to identify evaluate the quality of the finished formulation in the course of development of a standardization protocol for quality control of Ayurvedic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
| | - P Rekha
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
| | - Ayyam Perumal
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
| | - M Gokul
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
| | - K N Swathi
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
| | - R Ilavarasan
- Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, 106, India
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Hassan R, Hui M, Sireesha Y, Afshan J, Meena AK, Uppin MS. Understanding Demyelination in Leprosy Neuropathy: A Nerve Biopsy Analysis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 23:829-832. [PMID: 33688146 PMCID: PMC7900715 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_553_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monalisa Hui
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yareeda Sireesha
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jabeen Afshan
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Megha S Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Tallapaka K, Ranganath P, Ramachandran A, Uppin MS, Perala S, Aggarwal S, Lakshmi D, Meena AK, Dalal AB. Molecular and Histopathological Characterization of Patients Presenting with the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phenotype in a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India. Indian Pediatr 2019; 56:556-559. [PMID: 31333208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the histopathological characteristics and mutation spectrum of patients presenting with the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) phenotype. METHODS This was a descriptive study conducted over a period of 8 years. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was done in patients presenting with the DMD phenotype. If MLPA was negative, patients were offered muscle biopsy for histopathological studies and/or next generation sequencing (NGS) based multigene panel testing for muscular dystrophies. RESULTS Of the 510 patients included, mutation in the DMD gene was detected by MLPA in 372 (72.9%), of whom 342 (67.1%) had exonic deletions and 30 (5.9%) had exonic duplications. Exons 45-55 were most commonly involved in large deletions and exons 1-10 were the commonest exons involved in duplications. In the MLPA-negative cohort, 27 proceeded for muscle biopsy. NGS was done in 14 patients, 10 of whom had pathogenic mutations in the DMD gene, 3 were non dystrophinopathies and no pathogenic variant could be identified in one patient. CONCLUSIONS For patients presenting with the DMD phenotype, MLPA of the DMD gene has a high diagnostic rate of about 73%, and non-dystrophinopathies may constitute a small but significant proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Tallapaka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences and Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences and Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Correspondence to: Dr Prajnya Ranganath, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 082, India.
| | - Angalena Ramachandran
- Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Megha S Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sreeja Perala
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences and Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shagun Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences and Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences and Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashwin B Dalal
- Diagnostics division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Hui M, Meena AK, Rajasekhar L, Sireesha Y, Afshan J, Mridula R, Borgohain R, Uppin MS. Vasculitic Neuropathy: A Retrospective Analysis of Nerve Biopsies and Clinical Features from a Single Tertiary Care Center. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:180-186. [PMID: 31007430 PMCID: PMC6472243 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_47_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vasculitic neuropathy can be either restricted to the peripheral nerves or associated with systemic involvement of other organs. The objective of this study was to analyze the nerve biopsies reported as "vasculitic neuropathy" with clinical features. Materials and Methods All cases diagnosed with vasculitic neuropathy were retrospectively analyzed and categorized as systemic vasculitis and nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy based on the clinical features. The histological features were further evaluated and classified according to the Peripheral Nerve Society Guidelines. Results Of the 126 cases, there were 65 nonsystemic vasculitis, 45 secondary systemic vasculitis, and 16 primary systemic vasculitis. Definite vasculitis was more common in the systemic vasculitis group. The epineurial vessels were predominantly involved with chronic axonal changes. Conclusion The sensitivity of definite vasculitis on nerve biopsy was 54.76%. The sensitivity increases when the diagnostic criteria of definite and probable vasculitis were applied taking into account perivascular inflammation accompanied by vascular changes and axonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Hui
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Liza Rajasekhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yareeda Sireesha
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jabeen Afshan
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rukmini Mridula
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Megha S Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Kandadai R, Tandra S, Peddisetty R, Babu KJ, Prabha TS, Jabeen SA, Meena AK, Borgohain R. The effect of dual tasking and deep brain stimulation frequency parameters on gait in advanced parkinson's disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 23:308-312. [PMID: 32606517 PMCID: PMC7313555 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_11_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the effect of dual tasking and deep brain stimulation frequency parameters on gait in advanced Parkinson's disease Materials and Methods: This is an open label interventional study evaluating 40 post STN-DBS patients with gait disturbances. All patients were diagnosed as PD by a movement disorder specialist using the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB) criteria. Patients underwent bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation by a qualified neurosurgeon. Patients were managed on a combination of dopamine replacement therapy as well as deep brain stimulation. Patients were assessed by stand walk sit (SWS) test for a 5 meter distance and FOG scoring during medication 'ON' state and device “ON” state, at four frequencies 180, 130, 90, 60 HZ and device “OFF” state. Results: Out of 40 patients, 38 patients showed a significant improvement in gait at a single frequency (best response frequency) which is different for each patient. The mean FOG score showed significant improvement at all stimulation frequencies when compared to OFF stimulation (P < 0.05). The mean number of steps was 18.9 at best response frequency and 21.48 at 130 Hz (P < 0.0001). Number of freezing episodes also were significantly less with best frequency when compared to 130 Hz stimulation (0.28 and 0.65 respectively, (P < 0.0001). The mean FOG score was 6.45 at best frequency and 9.48 at 130 Hz (P < 0.0001). Mean Dual tasking score was 3.53 at best frequency and 5.15 at 130 Hz (P < 0.0002). Conclusion: Optimization of frequency setting for each patient can improve gait and that each patient may have a different optimal frequency.
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Kumar V, Singh S, Singh A, Dixit AK, Srivastava B, Sidhu GK, Singh R, Meena AK, Singh RP, Subhose V, Prakash O. Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Binding Qualities of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1485513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Bhavana Srivastava
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | | | - Rajesh Pratap Singh
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Varanasi Subhose
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Om Prakash
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
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Meena AK, Narasimhaji CV, Velvizhi D, Singh A, Rekha P, Kumar V, Ilavarasan R, Srikanth N, Dhiman KS. Determination of Gallic Acid in Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Triphala churna and its ingredients by HPLC and HPTLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00596.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chenna V, Kaul S, Tandra S, Yareeda S, Mathukumalli N, Kohat AK, Kandadai RM, Turaga S, Sheik JA, Meena AK, Borgohain R. Predictors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Acute Stroke Patients Receiving Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:214-219. [PMID: 30258265 PMCID: PMC6137634 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_228_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Symptomatic Intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a serious complication of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Objective: To estimate the prevalence and predictors of sICH in patients after receiving IV rt-PA for AIS. Material and Methods: Consecutive patients of AIS thrombolysed between January 2010 and June 2016 in a University hospital in Hyderabad (India) were studied prospectively for sICH and it's various variables compared with the control group without sICH to determine any sigificantant difference. Results: Out of 113 patients , sICH was detected in 12 (10.61%) whose mean age(58±12.0 years) and gender ratio ( 2:1 ) was not statistically significant from controls. In s ICH group mean NIHSS score was 16.53± 5.81 vs 10.19± 5.06 in controls (p<0.001), gap between stroke onset and thrombolysis was 227.50±46.15 min vs 178.50± 69.20 min in controls(p=0.018). At presentation mean blood sugar was 208.75±90.97 mg/dl in sICH group vs 146.83±70.21 mg/dl in controls (p=0.002). Prior diabetes was in 7(53.30%) vs 23 (22.8%) in controls (p= 0.014)and hypertension in 11 (91.7%) vs (56(55.4%) in controls (p= 0.026) The mortality in sICH was 7 (58.30%)vs 4 (4.94%) in controls (p<.0.001). At 3 months mean mRS ofsICH patients was 5.57± 0.54 vs 2.17± 1.69 in controls (p<.05). Conclusion: High NIHSS score, increased stroke onset to thrombolysis time , high blood sugar at presentation ,prior diabetes and hypertension increase the chances of sICH. None of these contraindicate thrombolysing strokes but should caution the physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Chenna
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhash Kaul
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swetha Tandra
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sireesha Yareeda
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neeharika Mathukumalli
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Abhijeet Kumar Kohat
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Suryaprabha Turaga
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jabeen Afshan Sheik
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sykam A, Gutlapalli VR, Tenali SP, Meena AK, Chandran P, Suneetha S, Suneetha LM. Anticeramide antibody and butyrylcholinesterase in peripheral neuropathies. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 42:204-208. [PMID: 28576432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide is a glycosphingolipid, a component of nerve and non neuronal cell membrane and plays a role in maintaining the integrity of neuronal tissue. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a multifunctional enzyme, its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases has been well established. Anticeramide antibody (Ab-Cer) and enzyme BChE have been implicated in peripheral neuropathies. The present study investigates whether there is an association between Ab-Cer and BChE activities and peripheral neuropathies. Patients included: human immunodeficiency virus associated peripheral neuropathy (HIV-PN, n=39), paucibacillary leprosy (PB-L, n=36), multibacillary leprosy (MB-L, n=52), diabetic neuropathy (DN, n=22), demyelinating sensory motor polyneuropathy (DSMN, n=13) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP, n=10). Plasma Ab-Cer was measured by indirect enzyme linked immune assay (ELISA) and BChE activity in plasma was measured by colorimetric method. Ab-Cer levels were significantly elevated in MB-L and DN as compared to healthy subjects (HS). BChE levels were significantly higher in MB-L and DN as well as in HIV and HIV-PN. There is no significant difference in either Ab-Cer or BChE levels in DSMN and CIDP. Elevated plasma Ab-Cer and BChE levels may be considered significant in the pathogenesis of neuropathies. The variation in concurrent involvement of both the molecules in the neuropathies of the study, suggest their unique involvement in neurodegenerative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Sykam
- Nireekshana-ACET/CODEWEL, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - V R Gutlapalli
- Nireekshana-ACET/CODEWEL, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | | | - A K Meena
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India
| | - Priscilla Chandran
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India
| | - Sujai Suneetha
- Nireekshana-ACET/CODEWEL, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India
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Jabeen SA, Cherukuri P, Mridula R, Harshavardhana KR, Gaddamanugu P, Sarva S, Meena AK, Borgohain R, Jyotsna Rani Y. A prospective study of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with cluster of seizures and status epilepticus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 155:70-74. [PMID: 28267656 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the frequency, imaging characteristics, and clinical predictors for development of periictal diffusion weighted MRI abnormalities. METHODS We prospectively analyzed electro clinical and imaging characteristic of adult patients with cluster of seizures or status epilepticus between November 2013 and November 2015, in whom the diffusion weighted imaging was done within 24h after the end of last seizure (clinical or electrographic). RESULTS There were thirty patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients (66%) had periictal MRI abnormalities. Nine patients (34%) did not have any MRI abnormality. All the patients with PMA had abnormalities on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Hippocampal abnormalities were seen in nine (53%), perisylvian in two (11.7%), thalamic in five (30%), splenium involvement in two (11.7%) and cortical involvement (temporo-occipital, parieto-occipital, temporo-parietal, fronto-parietal and fronto-temporal) in sixteen (94.1%) patients. Complete reversal of DWI changes was noted in sixteen (80%) patients and four (20%) patients showed partial resolution of MRI abnormalities. Mean duration of seizures was significantly higher among patients with PMA (59.11+20.97h) compared to those without MRI changes (27.33+9.33h) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diffusion abnormalities on MRI are common in patients with cluster of seizures and status epilepticus and were highly concordant with clinical semiology and EEG activity. Patients with longer duration of seizures/status were more likely to have PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jabeen
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - Pavankumar Cherukuri
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - Rukmini Mridula
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - K R Harshavardhana
- Department of Radiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Padmaja Gaddamanugu
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - Sailaja Sarva
- Department of Radiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Millennium Block, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 50082, India.
| | - Y Jyotsna Rani
- Department of Radiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
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Jabeen SA, Sandeep G, Mridula R, Meena AK, Borgohain R. Response to the letter to the editor. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:421. [PMID: 27570409 PMCID: PMC4980980 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hui M, Uppin MS, Challa S, Meena AK, Kaul S. Pure neuritic leprosy: Resolving diagnostic issues in acid fast bacilli (AFB)-negative nerve biopsies: A single centre experience from South India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2015; 18:292-7. [PMID: 26425006 PMCID: PMC4564463 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.162284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Demonstration of lepra bacilli is essential for definite or unequivocal diagnosis of pure neuritic leprosy (PNL) on nerve biopsy. However, nerves always do not show bacilli owing to the changes of previous therapy or due to low bacillary load in tuberculoid forms. In absence of granuloma or lepra bacilli, other morphologic changes in endoneurium and perineurium can be of help in making a probable diagnosis of PNL and treating the patient with multidrug therapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-six biopsies of PNL were retrospectively reviewed and histologic findings were compared with 25 biopsies of non leprosy neuropathies (NLN) including vasculitic neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The distribution of endoneurial infiltrate and fibrosis, perineurial thickening, and myelin abnormalities were compared between PNL and NLN biopsies and analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: Out of 46 PNL casses, 24 (52.17 %) biopsies were negative for acid fast bacilli (AFB). In these cases, the features which favor a diagnosis of AFB-negative PNL were endoneurial infiltrate (51.1%), endoneurial fibrosis (54.2%), perineurial thickening (70.8%), and reduced number of myelinated nerve fibers (75%). Interpretation and Conclusion: Nerve biopsy is an efficient tool to diagnose PNL and differentiate it from other causes of NLN. In absence of AFB, the diagnosis of PNL is challenging. In this article, we have satisfactorily evaluated the various hisopthological features and found that endoneurial inflammation, dense fibrosis, and reduction in the number of myelinated nerve fibers are strong supportive indicators of PNL regardless of AFB positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Hui
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Megha S Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sundaram Challa
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhash Kaul
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Krovvidi R, Mridula RK, Jabeen SA, Meena AK. Guillain Barre syndrome as a manifestation of neurological melioidosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013; 16:681-3. [PMID: 24339608 PMCID: PMC3841629 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological melioidosis is a very rare and very few cases have been reported from India. Presentation is an extremely varied and as this disease is associated with high mortality, high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat. In this context, we report a patient presenting as Guillain Barre syndrome evaluated as melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Krovvidi
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital myopathies (CMs) are rare and they are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Muscle biopsy is characterized by structural abnormality that is diagnostic. There are few studies from India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of 12 years. The demographic data, clinical features and laboratory data of patients diagnosed as CMs on muscle biopsy were retrieved from medical records. The slides were reviewed for morphological and structural abnormalities using the following stains hematoxylin and eosin, modified Gomori trichrome, masson trichrome, periodic acid schiff, adenosine triphosphatase preincubated at pH 9.4, 4.6 and 4.3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase, succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase. Immunohistochemistry was performed with dystrophin, sarcoglycans and desmin wherever necessary. RESULTS There were 50 patients with CMs: Centronuclear myopathy (23), myotubular myopathy (3) and central core disease (CCD) (8), nemaline myopathy (5), congenital fiber type proportion (10) and desmin related myopathy with arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVD) (1). Of the 50 patients, 30 (60%) presented in the first decade of life. Proximal muscle weakness and hypotonia were the common presenting features. Type 1 atrophy and predominance were seen in most cases on muscle biopsy. CCD had one patient with high creatine phosphokinase levels, biopsy in one patient showed both rods and cores, in the other limb girdle muscular dystrophy like picture and one biopsy showed uniform type 1 fibers. There was one desmin related myopathy with ARVD, who had cardiac transplantation and both skeletal and cardiac muscle showed characteristic rimmed vacuoles and inclusions positive for desmin. CONCLUSION CMs are rare and the diagnosis can only be established on muscle biopsy. Defining the specific CMs helps the clinician in counseling the patient and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha S Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Jain S, Visser LH, Yerasu MR, Raju R, Meena AK, Lokesh B, Suneetha S. Use of high resolution ultrasonography as an additional tool in the diagnosis of primary neuritic leprosy: a case report. LEPROSY REV 2013; 84:161-165. [PMID: 24171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Jain
- CODEWEL Nireekshana ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, India.
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Jabeen SA, Murthy A, Kandadai RM, Meena AK, Borgohain R, Uppin MS. Cryptoccocal menigitis as a primary manifestation in a patient with intestinal lymphangictasia. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012; 15:218-20. [PMID: 22919199 PMCID: PMC3424804 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.99725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic infections usually occur in patients with an immunocompromised state, and can be severe. Cryptoccocal meningitis is a fatal condition if left untreated, and is usually found in such patients. We report the case of an adult patient with cryptoccocal meningitis secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia. A 30 year old female was admitted to our hospital for meningitis. Biochemical and radiological investigations were performed. A cerebrospinal fluid latex agglutination test showed positive cryptoccocal antigen. In addition, there were features of humoral and cell mediated immunity deficiency (lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia), with a negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. An upper gastroduodenoscopy was performed, which showed multiple lymphangiectasias, and a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL). The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine, and the meningitis resolved. PIL should be suspected in patients with cryptoccocal meningitis, combined with humoral and cell mediated immunity with a negative HIV test. The management issues, in addition to antifungal therapy, include nutritional supplements for the protein losing enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Afshan Jabeen
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kaul S, Meena AK, Mridula KR, Narayan D, Ravishankar K, Suryaprabha T, Alladi S, Bandaru VCS, Borgohain R, Jabeen SA. Risk factors, clinical profile, and long-term outcome of 428 patients of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis: Insights from Nizam′s Institute Venous Stroke Registry, Hyderabad (India). Neurol India 2012; 60:154-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.96388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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Sundaram C, Meena AK, Uppin MS, Govindaraj P, Vanniarajan A, Thangaraj K, Kaul S, Kekunnaya R, Murthy JMK. Contribution of muscle biopsy and genetics to the diagnosis of chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia of mitochondrial origin. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:535-8. [PMID: 21277779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive external opthalmoplegia (CPEO) is the most common phenotypic syndrome of the mitochondrial myopathies. Muscle biopsy, which provides important morphological clues for the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders, is normal in approximately 25% of patients with CPEO, thus necessitating molecular genetic analysis for more accurate diagnosis. We aimed to study the utility of various histochemical stains in the diagnosis of CPEO on muscle biopsy and to correlate these results with genetic studies. Between May 2005 and November 2007 all 45 patients diagnosed with CPEO were included in the study (23 males; mean age at presentation, 35 years). Thirty-nine patients had CPEO only and six had CPEO plus; two had a positive family history but the remaining 39 patients had sporadic CPEO. Muscle biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, modified Gomori's trichrome stain, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and combined COX-SDH. Ragged red fibers were seen in 27 biopsies; seven showed characteristics of neurogenic atrophy only, and 11 were normal. The abnormal fibers were best identified on COX-SDH stain. A complete mitochondrial genome was amplified in muscle and blood samples of all patients. Mutations were found in transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, ND, CYTB, COX I, II and III genes. Mitochondrial gene mutations were found in ten of the 11 patients with a normal muscle biopsy. The genetic mutations were classified according to their significance. The observed muscle biopsy findings were correlated with genetic mutations noted. Histological studies should be combined with genetic studies for the definitive diagnosis of CPEO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Challa Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 500082, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Meena AK, Bansal P, Kumar S, Rao MM, Garg VK. Estimation of heavy metals in commonly used medicinal plants: a market basket survey. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 170:657-660. [PMID: 20020323 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Popularity of herbal drugs is increasing all over the world because of lesser side effects as compared to synthetic drugs besides it cost effectiveness and easy availability to poor people particularly in developing countries. Keeping in view the increased market demand of herbal drugs, it is essential to ensure their chemical quality prior to use. Raw drugs and herbs are usually collected from different places, which might be contaminated with various contaminants. It is pertinent to estimate the levels of heavy metals and other micronutrients, which could be affected by their presence in the surrounding environments. Heavy metals are known to pose a potential threat to terrestrial and aquatic biota. Keeping this in view, samples of ten plants or plant parts used in drug making were collected from local markets of Punjab for heavy metal and micronutrient estimation. It was found that the samples were contaminated having cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, manganese, and zinc. The highest mean level of cadmium (23.1 μg/kg) was found in Haritaki sample. Chromium concentration of the plant samples ranged between 7.25 and 1.34 μg/kg with the highest values was in Daruharidra and lowest in Pippali. The levels of these heavy metals were within permissible limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Moti Bagh Road, Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India.
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Boddu DB, Srinivasarao Bandaru VCS, Reddy PG, Madhusudan M, Rukmini MK, Suryaprabha T, Jabeen SA, Suvarna A, Jayalakshmi SS, Meena AK, Borgohain R, Kaul S. Predictors of major neurological improvement after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a hospital-based study from south India. Neurol India 2010; 58:403-6. [PMID: 20644268 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.66085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute ischemic stroke, uncertainty persists about the short- and long-term outcome of the thrombolysed patients. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of major neurological improvement at 24 h after intravenous rt-PA administration in patients of acute ischemic stroke and their relationship with outcome at 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the data of the patients with acute ischemic stroke treated as per the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) criteria with intravenous rt-PA between January 2000 and June 2009 at a tertiary care center in south India. Major neurological improvement was defined by an 8-point improvement in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or an NIHSS score of 0 or 1 at 24 h. Good outcome was defined as a 12-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 to 1. RESULTS Of the 72 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous rt-PA, 23 (32%) patients had major neurological improvement at 24 h. Age <60 years (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.2), admission glucose levels <8 mmol/L (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.9 to 9.2) and mild to moderate baseline stroke severity (NIHSS median score 10+ 6) were associated with major neurological improvement after adjusting for co variables. Major neurological improvement at 24 h was an independent predictor of good outcome (mRS=1) at 12 months (OR 13.9, 95% CI 6.84 to 40.2). CONCLUSIONS Age <60 years, glucose levels <8 mmol/L and mild to moderate stroke severity (NIHSS median score 10+/-6) was associated with major neurological improvement after intravenous rt-PA. Major neurological improvement at 24 h after the administration of intravenous thrombolysis independently predicted good outcome at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demudu Babu Boddu
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500 082, India
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Ratnam DV, Chandraiah G, Meena AK, Ramarao P, Kumar MNVR. The co-encapsulated antioxidant nanoparticles of ellagic acid and coenzyme Q10 ameliorates hyperlipidemia in high fat diet fed rats. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6741-6746. [PMID: 19908593 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the major cause of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia as one of its complications and antioxidants were found to be beneficial in such disease conditions. The present investigation is geared towards reduction of the dose required/improve the bioavailability of the combination of antioxidants, ellagic acid and coenzyme Q10 by co-encapsulating them into nanoparticles and study the possible synergism in ameliorating hyperlipidemia in high fat diet fed rats. The co-encapsulated particles at 10% (w/w of polymer) loading of ellagic acid and coenzyme Q10 have particle size of 260 nm. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats on feeding high fat diet for over 4 weeks developed hyperlipidemia. The hyperlipidemic rats on 2 weeks post treatment with antioxidant combination administered as oral suspension or nanoparticles found to ameliorate the hyperlipidemic conditions and nanoparticles were found to be equally/more effective at 3 times lower dose in sustaining cholesterol lowering effect for extended periods, lowering glucose and triglycerides and in improving endothelial functioning, indicating the ability of the nanoparticles in improving efficacy of the duo. The results promise the potential of nanoparticles in improving the efficacy of ellagic acid and coenzyme Q10 in treating high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Venkat Ratnam
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK
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Vara prasad IR, Prabu VNN, Agrawal S, Rajasekhar L, Meena AK, Narsimulu G. P75 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a study of six cases. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(09)60093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by limb girdle weakness. There are no clear clinical features that distinguish various types of LGMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 26 patients with chronic progressive weakness in limb girdle distribution without early facial involvement with muscle biopsies suggestive of dystrophy/myopathy and positive for dystrophin antibodies. Immunohistochemistry studies of muscle biopsies were done on all patients to classify different types of sarcoglycanopathies. RESULTS The mean age of presentation was in the third decade. There were 14 male and 12 female patients. The common pattern of inheritance was autosomal recessive, seen in 53.8%. The more frequent type of LGMD was sarcoglycanopathy (SGP) (53.8%). Amongst the SGPs, alpha-SGP (26.9%) was the most common followed by beta-SGP (15.3%), gamma-SGP (3.8%) and delta-SGP (7.6%). Calf hypertrophy was noted in 53.5% of LGMD and 57.1% of SGPs, extensor digitorum brevis hypertrophy in 42% of LGMD and 35.7% of SGPs, winging of scapula in 39.2% of the LGMD group and 35.7% of the SGPs, valley sign in 28.5% of the LGMD group and 21.4% of the SGPs. Hip abductor sign was positive in 71.4% of LGMD and 64.2% of SGPs. Differential weakness of knee flexors was more common in SGP (57.1%). The mean creatine phosphokinase (CK) value was 2519IU/L and was elevated in 92.8% patients. Muscle biopsy showed a dystrophic pattern in 75% of LGMD and a myopathic pattern in the remaining. Symptomatic cardiac involvement was seen in one patient. ECG changes were seen in 44% of LGMD patients and 50% of the SGP. The common changes noted were T wave inversion in V1, V2 (16%), left ventricular hypertrophy LVH (12%) and right bundle branch block (RBBB) in 12% of the LGMD group. CONCLUSION Sarcoglycanopathy is a more frequent form of LGMD whereas alpha type is the most common among the SGP. The four types of SGP do not differ in the pattern of muscle involvement. A relatively earlier onset, selective weakness of knee flexors and a very high CK may help differentiate SGP from other forms of LGMD. Immunohistochemistry is very useful in classifying the different types of LGMD prior to genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Meena
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
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Sundaram C, Uppin MS, Meena AK. Major histocompatibility complex class I expression can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate idiopathic inflammatory myopathies from dystrophies. Neurol India 2009; 56:363-7. [PMID: 18974565 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.43457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Utility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I antigen immunostaining was studied to differentiate idiopathic inflammatory myopathies from dystrophies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty muscle biopsies including seven dermatomyositis (DM), six polymyositis (PM), two sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), 20 dystrophies (one Duchenne, three Becker's, four alpha, one gamma sarcoglycanopathy, nine limb girdle, one myotonic and one fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy) and five controls were stained with antibody for MHC Class I antigen (Novocastra clone W6/32 HL 1:100 dilution). RESULTS Polymyositis and sIBM showed MHC class I antigen positivity along sarcolemma of single and small groups of muscle fibers. The regenerating fibers in the perifascicular area in DM showed intense cytoplasmic positivity of MHC class I antigen. Muscle fibers in all dystrophies except regenerating fibers and control normal muscle were negative for MHC. Capillaries and lymphocytes were positive controls. There were no false positives in the study. CONCLUSION MHC Class I immunostaining can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
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Meena AK, Kadirvelu K, Mishra GK, Rajagopal C, Nagar PN. Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by treated sawdust (Acacia arabica). J Hazard Mater 2008; 150:604-11. [PMID: 17600619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cu(II), by treated sawdust has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption capacity for treated sawdust, i.e. Cr(VI) (111.61 mg/g), Pb(II) (52.38 mg/g), Hg(II) (20.62 mg/g), and Cu(II) (5.64 mg/g), respectively. Surface complexation and ion exchange are the major removal mechanisms involved. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behaviour of metal ions on treated sawdust satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions. The applicability of Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. The adsorption follows first-order kinetics. Thermodynamic constant (k(ad)), standard free energy (DeltaG degrees ), enthalpy (DeltaH degrees ) and entropy (DeltaS degrees ) were calculated for predicting the nature of adsorption. The percentage adsorption increases with pH to attain a maximum at pH 6 and thereafter it decreases with further increase in pH. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Centre for Fire, Explosive & Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence R & D Organisation (DRDO), Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Meena AK, Kadirvelu K, Mishraa GK, Rajagopal C, Nagar PN. Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions by mustard husk. J Hazard Mater 2008; 150:619-25. [PMID: 17574736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions on mustard husk has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behavior of Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions on mustard husk satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions, i.e. multilayer formation on the surface of the adsorbent with an exponential distribution of site energy. Ion exchange and surface complexation are the major adsorption mechanisms involved. The applicability of Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Thermodynamic constant (k(ad)), free energy change (DeltaG), enthalpy change (DeltaH) and entropy change (DeltaS) were calculated for predicting the nature of adsorption. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Centre for Fire, Explosive & Environment Safety, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Sundaram C, Meena AK, Reddy K, Reddy KK, Vanniarajan A, Thangaraj K, Uppin M. Lipid storage myopathies with unusual clinical manifestations. Neurol India 2008; 56:391-3. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.43460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sundaram JS, Rao VM, Meena AK, Anandaraj MPJS. Decreased calcineurin activity in circulation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:443-6. [PMID: 17328882 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In an analysis of enzymes in easily accessible tissues like blood cells, serum can provide a valuable information and a simple tool for disease and carrier detection. In the study presented we have analyzed calcineurin activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and carrier sera and lymphocytes for its diagnostic value and its status in DMD pathology. DESIGN AND METHODS We have monitored calcineurin activity in sera and lymphocytes of DMD, in carriers and in controls using colorimetric method by following the p-nitrophenol released in the presence and absence of Trifluoperazine (TFP), an inhibitor of calcineurin. RESULTS Results showed a significant decrease in serum and lymphocyte calcineurin activity in DMD (p<0.001) without alteration in carriers compared to normal. CONCLUSION Further studies are required to understand possible alterations mediated by calcineurin with reference to DMD lymphocytes as any alteration in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pathway can disturb the normal functioning of these cells. The decreased calcineurin activity observed in DMD serum compared with controls could be further examined for its diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shanmuga Sundaram
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016, India
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Jayalakshmi S, Reddy R, Borgohain R, Subramanyam C, Panigrahi M, Sundaram C, Meena AK, Mohandas S. Predictors of mortality in rhinocerebral mycosis. Neurol India 2007; 55:292-7. [PMID: 17921660 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.35692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sundaram C, Umabala P, Laxmi V, Purohit AK, Prasad VSSV, Panigrahi M, Sahu BP, Sarathi MV, Kaul S, Borghain R, Meena AK, Jayalakshmi SS, Suvarna A, Mohandas S, Murthy JMK. Pathology of fungal infections of the central nervous system: 17 years' experience from Southern India. Histopathology 2006; 49:396-405. [PMID: 16978203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections with particular reference to India. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a retrospective study from 1988 to 2004 constituting 130 cases. The diagnosis was based on morphology of biopsy/autopsy material. These included aspergillosis (n=73), zygomycosis (n=40), cryptococcosis (n=2), rhodotorulosis (n=1), candidiasis (n=5), maduramycosis (n=1), pheohyphomycosis (n=3) and mixed infections (n=5). Predisposing risk factors were present in 49 (38%) patients only. The majority of the patients were immunocompetent. The commonest risk factor was diabetes mellitus, the commonest route of infection was from a contiguous site and the commonest pathology was granuloma. Culture positivity was seen in only 31%. CONCLUSION Environmental factors in tropical countries such as India play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CNS fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
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Shanmuga Sundaram J, Mohana Rao V, Meena AK, Anandaraj MPJS. Altered expression, intracellular distribution and activity of lymphocyte calpain II in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 373:82-7. [PMID: 16815350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpain II is an calcium-dependent cysteine protease involved in essential regulatory or processing functions of the cell, mediated by physiological concentrations of Ca(2+). However, in an environment of abnormal intracellular calcium as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), calpain is suggested to cause membrane alterations. METHODS Twelve individuals with dystrophin gene deletion and an equal number of age and sex matched controls were chosen for the study. The expression pattern of calpain II (both at RNA and protein levels), its cellular location upon activation and its activity in lymphocytes were specifically assessed to know if our earlier report of increased calpain activity in DMD lymphocytes is a result of de novo synthesis or is due to basic defect in calcium handling. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the expression, alteration in calpain II distribution and increased activity of this enzyme. CONCLUSION Membrane abnormalities and altered signaling pathways observed in DMD lymphocytes may be due to increased association of calpain II onto membrane and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shanmuga Sundaram
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016, India
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Meena AK, Mishra GK, Rai PK, Rajagopal C, Nagar PN. Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 2005; 122:161-70. [PMID: 15878798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) by carbon aerogel has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Surface complexation and ion exchange are the major removal mechanisms involved. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behaviour of metal ions on carbon aerogel satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions, i.e. multilayer formation on the surface of the adsorbent with an exponential distribution of site energy. The applicability of the Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Thermodynamic constant (K(ad)), standard free energy (DeltaG(0)), enthalpy (DeltaH(0)) and entropy (DeltaS(0)) were calculated for predicting the nature of adsorption. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Meena
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Myasthenic crisis is a life-threatening complication of myasthenia gravis (MG) and when treated aggressively is associated with good outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of case records of patients with episodes of myasthenic crisis. RESULTS Twenty-one (22%) of the 95 patients with MG (9 with thymoma), experienced 23 episodes of myasthenic crisis, 3 (33%) in patients with thymoma. The crisis episodes occurred within 2 years of disease onset in 11 (52%) patients. Infection was the most common primary precipitant of the crisis occurring in 65%. The median duration of the crisis episode was 11 days (7-39 days), and the median neurological intensive care unit stay was 15 days (range 9-47 days). Fifteen (65%) episodes were treated with small volume plasma exchange (PE) and 8 (35%) episodes received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). The time taken for disease stabilization, the median number of days for extubation, was 8 days (range 7-12) in the PE group and 10 days (range 7-39) in the IVIg group. Disease stabilization could not be achieved in one patient in the IVIg group. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was the commonest complication, seen in 30%. Two (8%) of the 23 episodes of crisis were fatal, one resulting from VAP and septicemia, and the other due to crisis itself. All the 19 patients who survived to discharge had complete resolution of admission symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In patients with myasthenic crisis, both therapeutic options, PE and IVIg, are equally effective in disease stabilization. To achieve good outcomes all efforts should be directed at decreasing the duration of intubation and also aggressively treating the associated medical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M K Murthy
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Neurological Sciences, Care Hospital, Exhibition Road, Hyderabad 500-001, India.
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Meena AK, Mishra G, Kumar S, Rajagopal C, Nagar P. Low-cost Adsorbents for the Removal of Mercury (11) from Aqueous Solution-A Comparative Study. DEFENCE SCI J 2004. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.54.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sundaram C, Purohit AK, Prasad VSSV, Meena AK, Reddy JJM, Murthy JMK. Cranial and intracranial actinomycosis. Clin Neuropathol 2004; 23:173-7. [PMID: 15328882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Five patients with central nervous system actinomycosis are presented. There were risk factors in 2 patients like penetrating head injury and tetralogy of Fallot. All the cases were diagnosed by histopathology. Four patients recovered after surgery and antibiotic therapy, and 1 patient died.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sundaram
- Pathology, Neurosurgery and Imageology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
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Anuradha K, Meena AK, Lakshmi V. Isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from a case of septicaemia--a case report. Indian J Med Microbiol 2003; 21:129-32. [PMID: 17642999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Meliodosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei has been recognized as an emerging infectious disease in India. The infection is under diagnosed and underreported, and hence considered a rare disease. Majority of the cases have been documented from the states with heavy rainfall. The present case being reported is a middle-aged woman who had developed a fulminant infection following exposure to stagnant floodwater in the city of Hyderabad. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Melioidosis being reported from this part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anuradha
- Departments of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences Hyderabad - 500 082, India
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Lakshmi V, Sundaram C, Meena AK, Murthy JMK. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis with epidural abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis: a case report. Neurol India 2002; 50:90-2. [PMID: 11960139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of primary cutaneous nocardiosis is a rare event. An interesting case of a 20 year old female labourer with progressive weakness in both the lower limbs and large multiple subcutaneous abscesses over the back, since 4 years, is presented. MRI showed an epidural abscess compressing the cord. Histopathology of skin lesions suggested a chronic suppurative lesion. Microbiological tests on the aspirate from the skin lesion identified the causative organism as Nocardia brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, India.
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