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Peters TMA, Engelke UFH, de Boer S, Reintjes JTG, Roullet JB, Broekman S, de Vrieze E, van Wijk E, Wamelink MMC, Artuch R, Barić I, Merx J, Boltje TJ, Martens J, Willemsen MAAP, Verbeek MM, Wevers RA, Gibson KM, Coene KLM. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in mice and in humans: An untargeted metabolomics perspective. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:417-430. [PMID: 37455357 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by disruption of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. A more detailed understanding of its pathophysiology, beyond the accumulation of GABA and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), will increase our understanding of the disease and may support novel therapy development. To this end, we compared biochemical body fluid profiles from SSADHD patients with controls using next-generation metabolic screening (NGMS). Targeted analysis of NGMS data from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a moderate increase of aspartic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, 4-guanidinobutanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, and prominent elevations of GHB and 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (4,5-DHHA) in SSADHD samples. Remarkably, the intensities of 4,5-DHHA and GHB showed a significant positive correlation in control CSF, but not in patient CSF. In an established zebrafish epilepsy model, 4,5-DHHA showed increased mobility that may reflect limited epileptogenesis. Using untargeted metabolomics, we identified 12 features in CSF with high biomarker potential. These had comparable increased fold changes as GHB and 4,5-DHHA. For 10 of these features, a similar increase was found in plasma, urine and/or mouse brain tissue for SSADHD compared to controls. One of these was identified as the novel biomarker 4,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. The intensities of selected features in plasma and urine of SSADHD patients positively correlated with the clinical severity score of epilepsy and psychiatric symptoms of those patients, and also showed a high mutual correlation. Our findings provide new insights into the (neuro)metabolic disturbances in SSADHD and give leads for further research concerning SSADHD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M A Peters
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siebolt de Boer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris T G Reintjes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER and MetabERN Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Barić
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jona Merx
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Karlien L M Coene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Cannet C, Frauendienst-Egger G, Freisinger P, Götz H, Götz M, Himmelreich N, Kock V, Spraul M, Bus C, Biskup S, Trefz F. Ex vivo proton spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) analysis of inborn errors of metabolism: Automatic and computer-assisted analyses. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4853. [PMID: 36264537 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are about 1500 genetic metabolic diseases. A small number of treatable diseases are diagnosed by newborn screening programs, which are continually being developed. However, most diseases can only be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms or metabolic findings. The main biological fluids used are urine, plasma and, in special situations, cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast to commonly used methods such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, ex vivo proton spectroscopy (1 H-NMR) is not yet used in routine clinical practice, although it has been recommended for more than 30 years. Automatic analysis and improved NMR technology have also expanded the applications used for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. We provide a mini-overview of typical applications, especially in urine but also in plasma, used to diagnose common but also rare genetic metabolic diseases with 1 H-NMR. The use of computer-assisted diagnostic suggestions can facilitate interpretation of the profiles. In a proof of principle, to date, 182 reports of 59 different diseases and 500 reports of healthy children are stored. The percentage of correct automatic diagnoses was 74%. Using the same 1 H-NMR profile-targeted analysis, it is possible to apply an untargeted approach that distinguishes profile differences from healthy individuals. Thus, additional conditions such as lysosomal storage diseases or drug interferences are detectable. Furthermore, because 1 H-NMR is highly reproducible and can detect a variety of different substance categories, the metabolomic approach is suitable for monitoring patient treatment and revealing additional factors such as nutrition and microbiome metabolism. Besides the progress in analytical techniques, a multiomics approach is most effective to combine metabolomics with, for example, whole exome sequencing, to also diagnose patients with nondetectable metabolic abnormalities in biological fluids. In this mini review we also provide our own data to demonstrate the role of NMR in a multiomics platform in the field of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Frauendienst-Egger
- Department of Pediatrics, Reutlingen, Klinikum Reutlingen, School of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Reutlingen, Klinikum Reutlingen, School of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Kock
- Department of Pediatrics, Reutlingen, Klinikum Reutlingen, School of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Christine Bus
- CEGAT, Tübingen, Germany and Human Genetics Institute, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CEGAT, Tübingen, Germany and Human Genetics Institute, Tübingen, Germany
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Parihar R, Shukla R, Baishya B, Kalita J, Haldar R, Misra UK. NMR based CSF metabolomics in tuberculous meningitis: correlation with clinical and MRI findings. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:773-785. [PMID: 35029797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the potential role of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabolomics in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We also correlate the significant metabolites with clinical-radiological parameters. Forty-three patients with TBM were included, and their severity of meningitis was graded as stages I to III, and patients with positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis or its nucleic acid was considered as definite TBM. 1H NMR-based metabolomic study was performed on (CSF) samples, and the significant metabolites compared to healthy controls were identified. Outcome at three months was defined as death, poor and good based on the modified Rankin Scale. These metabolites were compared between definite and probable groups of TBM, and also correlated with MRI findings. About 11 metabolites were found to be significant for distinguishing TBM from the controls. In TBM, lactate, glutamate, alanine, arginine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, formate, and cis-aconitate were upregulated, and glucose, fructose, glutamine, and myo-inositol were downregulated compared to the controls. For differentiating TBM from the controls, the AUC of the ROC curve generated using these significant metabolites was 0.99, with a 95% confidence interval from 0.96 to 1, demonstrating that these metabolites were able to classify cases with good sensitivity and specificity. Lactate concentration in CSF correlated with hemoglobin, CSF glucose, and infarction. The outcome did not correlate with metabolomics parameters. NMR-based CSF metabolomics have a potential role in differentiating TBM from the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Parihar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Bikash Baishya
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Rudrashish Haldar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Usha Kant Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
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Belkić D, Belkić K. NMR spectroscopy at high magnetic fields: Derivative reconstructions of components from envelopes using encoded time signals. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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García-Aguilera ME, de San Miguel ER, Cruz-Pérez J, Aguirre-Cruz L, Ramirez-Alfaro CM, Esturau-Escofet N. NMR-based metabolomics of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies signature of brain death. Metabolomics 2021; 17:40. [PMID: 33864540 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain death (BD) is the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biological liquid that circulates in brain and spine. Metabolomics is able to reveal the response of biological systems to diverse factors in a specific moment or condition. Therefore, the study of this neurological condition through metabolic profiling using high resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is important for understanding biochemical events. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to identify the metabolomics signature of BD using 1H-NMR spectroscopy in human CSF. METHODS 1H-NMR spectroscopy has been employed for metabolomic untargeted analysis in 46 CSF samples: 22 control and 24 with BD. Spectral data were further subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant multivariate models separated subject's samples with BD from controls and revealed twenty one discriminatory metabolites. The statistical analysis of control and BD subjects using Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model resulted in R2X of 0.733 and Q2 of 0.635. An elevation in the concentration of statistically discriminant metabolites in BD was observed. CONCLUSION This study identifies a metabolic signature associated with BD and the most relevant enriched selected metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E García-Aguilera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Cruz-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucinda Aguirre-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian M Ramirez-Alfaro
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sels D, Dashti H, Mora S, Demler O, Demler E. Quantum approximate Bayesian computation for NMR model inference. NAT MACH INTELL 2020; 2:396-402. [PMID: 33163858 PMCID: PMC7643990 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-020-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances may lead to the development of small scale quantum computers capable of solving problems that cannot be tackled with classical computers. A limited number of algorithms has been proposed and their relevance to real world problems is a subject of active investigation. Analysis of many-body quantum system is particularly challenging for classical computers due to the exponential scaling of Hilbert space dimension with the number of particles. Hence, solving problems relevant to chemistry and condensed matter physics are expected to be the first successful applications of quantum computers. In this paper, we propose another class of problems from the quantum realm that can be solved efficiently on quantum computers: model inference for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is important for biological and medical research. Our results are based on three interconnected studies. Firstly, we use methods from classical machine learning to analyze a dataset of NMR spectra of small molecules. We perform a stochastic neighborhood embedding and identify clusters of spectra, and demonstrate that these clusters are correlated with the covalent structure of the molecules. Secondly, we propose a simple and efficient method, aided by a quantum simulator, to extract the NMR spectrum of any hypothetical molecule described by a parametric Heisenberg model. Thirdly, we propose a simple variational Bayesian inference procedure for extracting Hamiltonian parameters of experimentally relevant NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Sels
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford st., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Theory of quantum and complex systems, Universiteit Antwerpen, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Hesam Dashti
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olga Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford st., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Podlecka-Piętowska A, Kacka A, Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Nojszewska M, Zieminska E, Chalimoniuk M, Toczylowska B. Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Early Stages of Multiple Sclerosis-Metabolic Profile Analyses. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:94-105. [PMID: 31134532 PMCID: PMC6689291 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a single predictive or diagnostic test in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major obstacle in the patient’s care. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic profiles, especially lipids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and metabolomics analysis to discriminate MS patient group from the control ones. In this study, 19 MS patients and 19 controls, without neurological problems, patients were enrolled. To obtain the CSF metabolic profiles, NMR spectroscopy was used. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds were analyzed using univariate and multivariate supervised analysis orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Targeted OPLS-DA analysis of 32 hydrophilic and 17 hydrophobic compounds obtained 9 hydrophilic metabolites and 8 lipid functional groups which had the highest contribution to patient’s group separation. Lower concentrations of CSF hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds were observed in MS patients as compared to control group. Acetone, choline, urea, 1,3-dimethylurate, creatinine, isoleucine, myo-inositol, leucine, and 3-OH butyrate; saturated and monounsaturated acyl groups of ω–9, ω–7, ω–6, ω–3, and fatty acid, triglycerides, 1,3-DG, 1-MG, and unassigned component signal at 3.33 ppm were the most important signal compounds in group separation. Analysis of metabolic profile of raw CSF and their lipid extract shows decreased levels of many compounds and led to the conclusion that MS patients could have a disturbance in many metabolic pathways perhaps leading to the decreased level of acetyl-CoA and/or inflammation. CSF metabolic profile analyses could be used as a fingerprint for early MS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Podlecka-Piętowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kacka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - B Zakrzewska-Pniewska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Nojszewska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Zieminska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Str. 5, 02-107, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Chalimoniuk
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Str. 5, 02-107, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Tourism and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Toczylowska
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Trojdena Str. 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.,NMR Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawinskiego Str. 5A, 02-107, Warsaw, Poland
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Coene KLM, Kluijtmans LAJ, van der Heeft E, Engelke UFH, de Boer S, Hoegen B, Kwast HJT, van de Vorst M, Huigen MCDG, Keularts IMLW, Schreuder MF, van Karnebeek CDM, Wortmann SB, de Vries MC, Janssen MCH, Gilissen C, Engel J, Wevers RA. Next-generation metabolic screening: targeted and untargeted metabolomics for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in individual patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:337-353. [PMID: 29453510 PMCID: PMC5959972 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of whole-exome sequencing in clinical diagnostics has generated a need for functional evaluation of genetic variants. In the field of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), a diverse spectrum of targeted biochemical assays is employed to analyze a limited amount of metabolites. We now present a single-platform, high-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight (LC-QTOF) method that can be applied for holistic metabolic profiling in plasma of individual IEM-suspected patients. This method, which we termed "next-generation metabolic screening" (NGMS), can detect >10,000 features in each sample. In the NGMS workflow, features identified in patient and control samples are aligned using the "various forms of chromatography mass spectrometry (XCMS)" software package. Subsequently, all features are annotated using the Human Metabolome Database, and statistical testing is performed to identify significantly perturbed metabolite concentrations in a patient sample compared with controls. We propose three main modalities to analyze complex, untargeted metabolomics data. First, a targeted evaluation can be done based on identified genetic variants of uncertain significance in metabolic pathways. Second, we developed a panel of IEM-related metabolites to filter untargeted metabolomics data. Based on this IEM-panel approach, we provided the correct diagnosis for 42 of 46 IEMs. As a last modality, metabolomics data can be analyzed in an untargeted setting, which we term "open the metabolome" analysis. This approach identifies potential novel biomarkers in known IEMs and leads to identification of biomarkers for as yet unknown IEMs. We are convinced that NGMS is the way forward in laboratory diagnostics of IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien L M Coene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo A J Kluijtmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed van der Heeft
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siebolt de Boer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brechtje Hoegen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke J T Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van de Vorst
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute of Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen C D G Huigen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M L W Keularts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maaike C de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute of Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Engel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Groote Plein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mutations in SELENBP1, encoding a novel human methanethiol oxidase, cause extraoral halitosis. Nat Genet 2017; 50:120-129. [PMID: 29255262 PMCID: PMC5742538 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been associated with several cancers, although its exact role is unknown. We show that SELENBP1 is a methanethiol oxidase (MTO), related to the MTO in methylotrophic bacteria, that converts methanethiol to H2O2, formaldehyde, and H2S, an activity not previously known to exist in humans. We identified mutations in SELENBP1 in five patients with cabbage-like breath odor. The malodor was attributable to high levels of methanethiol and dimethylsulfide, the main odorous compounds in their breath. Elevated urinary excretion of dimethylsulfoxide was associated with MTO deficiency. Patient fibroblasts had low SELENBP1 protein levels and were deficient in MTO enzymatic activity; these effects were reversed by lentivirus-mediated expression of wild-type SELENBP1. Selenbp1-knockout mice showed biochemical characteristics similar to those in humans. Our data reveal a potentially frequent inborn error of metabolism that results from MTO deficiency and leads to a malodor syndrome.
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10
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Mason S, Reinecke CJ, Solomons R, Wevers RA, Engelke UFH. 1H NMR spectral identification of medication in cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric meningitis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 143:56-61. [PMID: 28570955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory metabolomics studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, hold major potential application in neurodiagnostics. Such studies, however, rely upon established databases of known metabolites. Here we address the 'unknowns' in the 1H NMR spectra of CSF from treated pediatric meningitis cases. Through knowledge of the clinical information given by the pediatrician and analytical application of 1H NMR spectroscopy on pure reference compounds of the medication used, we identified four of the previously unknown compounds in the 1H NMR CSF spectra - the drugs pyrazinamide, isoniazid, acyclovir, and sulfamethoxazole. We report on the one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectral data and chemical information of these four compounds. By expanding our knowledge of 1H NMR CSF spectra from treated meningitis cases, we are able to bring 1H NMR closer to the forefront of neurodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne Mason
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Carolus J Reinecke
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jóźwik J, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Current Applications of Chromatographic Methods in the Study of Human Body Fluids for Diagnosing Disorders. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.929487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Lou TF, Sethuraman D, Dospoy P, Srivastva P, Kim HS, Kim J, Ma X, Chen PH, Huffman KE, Frink RE, Larsen JE, Lewis C, Um SW, Kim DH, Ahn JM, DeBerardinis RJ, White MA, Minna JD, Yoo H. Cancer-Specific Production of N-Acetylaspartate via NAT8L Overexpression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Potential as a Circulating Biomarker. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:43-52. [PMID: 26511490 PMCID: PMC4774047 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify new cancer-associated metabolites that may be useful for early detection of lung cancer, we performed a global metabolite profiling of a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line and immortalized normal lung epithelial cells from the same patient. Among several metabolites with significant cancer/normal differences, we identified a unique metabolic compound, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), in cancer cells-undetectable in normal lung epithelium. NAA's cancer-specific detection was validated in additional cancer and control lung cells as well as selected NSCLC patient tumors and control tissues. NAA's cancer specificity was further supported in our analysis of NAA synthetase (gene symbol: NAT8L) gene expression levels in The Cancer Genome Atlas: elevated NAT8L expression in approximately 40% of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases (N = 577), with minimal expression in all nonmalignant lung tissues (N = 74). We then showed that NAT8L is functionally involved in NAA production of NSCLC cells through siRNA-mediated suppression of NAT8L, which caused selective reduction of intracellular and secreted NAA. Our cell culture experiments also indicated that NAA biosynthesis in NSCLC cells depends on glutamine availability. For preliminary evaluation of NAA's clinical potential as a circulating biomarker, we developed a sensitive NAA blood assay and found that NAA blood levels were elevated in 46% of NSCLC patients (N = 13) in comparison with age-matched healthy controls (N = 21) among individuals aged 55 years or younger. Taken together, these results indicate that NAA is produced specifically in NSCLC tumors through NAT8L overexpression, and its extracellular secretion can be detected in blood. Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 43-52. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Deepa Sethuraman
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Patrick Dospoy
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pallevi Srivastva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joongsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth E Huffman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robin E Frink
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jill E Larsen
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hyuntae Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.
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Jurecka A, Zikanova M, Kmoch S, Tylki-Szymańska A. Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:231-42. [PMID: 25112391 PMCID: PMC4341013 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase ADSL) deficiency is a defect of purine metabolism affecting purinosome assembly and reducing metabolite fluxes through purine de novo synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling pathways. Biochemically this defect manifests by the presence in the biologic fluids of two dephosphorylated substrates of ADSL enzyme: succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr) and succinyladenosine (S-Ado). More than 80 individuals with ADSL deficiency have been identified, but incidence of the disease remains unknown. The disorder shows a wide spectrum of symptoms from slowly to rapidly progressing forms. The fatal neonatal form has onset from birth and presents with fatal neonatal encephalopathy with a lack of spontaneous movement, respiratory failure, and intractable seizures resulting in early death within the first weeks of life. Patients with type I (severe form) present with a purely neurologic clinical picture characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, early onset of seizures, and autistic features. A more slowly progressing form has also been described (type II, moderate or mild form), as having later onset, usually within the first years of life, slight to moderate psychomotor retardation and transient contact disturbances. Diagnosis is facilitated by demonstration of SAICAr and S-Ado in extracellular fluids such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and/or followed by genomic and/or cDNA sequencing and characterization of mutant proteins. Over 50 ADSL mutations have been identified and their effects on protein biogenesis, structural stability and activity as well as on purinosome assembly were characterized. To date there is no specific and effective therapy for ADSL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jurecka
- Department of Genetics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland,
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Mason S, van Furth AM, Mienie LJ, Engelke UFH, Wevers RA, Solomons R, Reinecke CJ. A hypothetical astrocyte-microglia lactate shuttle derived from a 1H NMR metabolomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from a cohort of South African children with tuberculous meningitis. Metabolomics 2015; 11:822-837. [PMID: 26109926 PMCID: PMC4475545 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and is particularly intense in small children; there is no universally accepted algorithm for the diagnosis and substantiation of TB infection, which can lead to delayed intervention, a high risk factor for morbidity and mortality. In this study a proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics analysis and several chemometric methods were applied to data generated from lumber cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from three experimental groups: (1) South African infants and children with confirmed TBM, (2) non-meningitis South African infants and children as controls, and (3) neurological controls from the Netherlands. A total of 16 NMR-derived CSF metabolites were identified, which clearly differentiated between the controls and TBM cases under investigation. The defining metabolites were the combination of perturbed glucose and highly elevated lactate, common to some other neurological disorders. The remaining 14 metabolites of the host's response to TBM were likewise mainly energy-associated indicators. We subsequently generated a hypothesis expressed as an "astrocyte-microglia lactate shuttle" (AMLS) based on the host's response, which emerged from the NMR-metabolomics information. Activation of microglia, as implied by the AMLS hypothesis, does not, however, present a uniform process and involves intricate interactions and feedback loops between the microglia, astrocytes and neurons that hamper attempts to construct basic and linear cascades of cause and effect; TBM involves a complex integration of the responses from the various cell types present within the CNS, with microglia and the astrocytes as main players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne Mason
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - A. Marceline van Furth
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases–Immunology and Rheumatology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk J. Mienie
- Potchefstroom Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Division for Biochemistry, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Udo F. H. Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - Carolus J. Reinecke
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
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15
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1H NMR Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Alzheimer's Disease Patients: An Example of a Possible Misinterpretation Due to Non-Adjustment of pH. Metabolites 2014; 4:115-28. [PMID: 24958390 PMCID: PMC4018676 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two publications from the same research group reporting on the detection of new possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), based on the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) with 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), are at the origin of the present study. The authors observed significant differences in 1H NMR spectra of CSF from AD patients and healthy controls and, thus, proposed some NMR signals (without attribution) as possible biomarkers. However, this work was carried out in non-standardized pH conditions. Our study aims at warning about a possible misinterpretation that can arise from 1H NMR analyses of CSF samples if pH adjustment is not done before NMR analysis. Indeed, CSF pH increases rapidly after removal and is subject to changes over conservation time. We first identify the NMR signals described by the authors as biomarkers. We then focus on the chemical shift variations of their NMR signals as a function of pH in both standard solutions and CSF samples. Finally, a principal component analysis of 1H NMR data demonstrates that the same CSF samples recorded at pH 8.1 and 10.0 are statistically differentiated.
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Nordengen K, Heuser C, Rinholm JE, Matalon R, Gundersen V. Localisation of N-acetylaspartate in oligodendrocytes/myelin. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 220:899-917. [PMID: 24379086 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of N-acetylaspartate in the brain is unclear. Here we used specific antibodies against N-acetylaspartate and immunocytochemistry of carbodiimide-fixed adult rodent brain to show that, besides staining of neuronal cell bodies in the grey matter, N-acetylaspartate labelling was present in oligodendrocytes/myelin in white matter tracts. Immunoelectron microscopy of the rat hippocampus showed that N-acetylaspartate was concentrated in the myelin. Also neuronal cell bodies and axons contained significant amounts of N-acetylaspartate, while synaptic elements and astrocytes were low in N-acetylaspartate. Mitochondria in axons and neuronal cell bodies contained higher levels of N-acetylaspartate compared to the cytosol, compatible with synthesis of N-acetylaspartate in mitochondria. In aspartoacylase knockout mice, in which catabolism of N-acetylaspartate is blocked, the levels of N-acetylaspartate were largely increased in oligodendrocytes/myelin. In these mice, the highest myelin concentration of N-acetylaspartate was found in the cerebellum, a region showing overt dysmyelination. In organotypic cortical slice cultures there was no evidence for N-acetylaspartate-induced myelin toxicity, supporting the notion that myelin damage is induced by the lack of N-acetylaspartate for lipid production. Our findings also implicate that N-acetylaspartate signals on magnetic resonance spectroscopy reflect not only vital neurons but also vital oligodendrocytes/myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1105, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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Musteata M, Nicolescu A, Solcan G, Deleanu C. The 1H NMR profile of healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81192. [PMID: 24376499 PMCID: PMC3871169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of data for reference values in cerebrospinal fluid for healthy humans is limited due to obvious practical and ethical issues. The variability of reported values for metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid is quite large. Dogs present great similarities with humans, including in cases of central nervous system pathologies. The paper presents the first study on healthy dog cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic profile using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A number of 13 metabolites have been identified and quantified from cerebrospinal fluid collected from a group of 10 mix breed healthy dogs. The biological variability as resulting from the relative standard deviation of the physiological concentrations of the identified metabolites had a mean of 18.20% (range between 9.3% and 44.8%). The reported concentrations for metabolites may be used as normal reference values. The homogeneity of the obtained results and the low biologic variability show that the 1H NMR analysis of the dog’s cerebrospinal fluid is reliable in designing and interpreting clinical and therapeutic trials in dogs with central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Musteata
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Clinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Group of Biospectroscopy, Centre of Organic Chemistry, Roumanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
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Paskevich SI, Molchanov MV, Timchenko MA, Kutyshenko VP. Sample pretreatment of brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid for NMR investigations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rao JU, Engelke UFH, Rodenburg RJT, Wevers RA, Pacak K, Eisenhofer G, Qin N, Kusters B, Goudswaard AG, Lenders JWM, Hermus ARMM, Mensenkamp AR, Kunst HPM, Sweep FCGJ, Timmers HJLM. Genotype-specific abnormalities in mitochondrial function associate with distinct profiles of energy metabolism and catecholamine content in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3787-95. [PMID: 23723300 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors of sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. This study investigated the relationships between genotype-specific differences in mitochondrial function and catecholamine content in PGL tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Respiratory chain enzyme assays and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at 500 MHz were conducted on homogenates of 35 sporadic PGLs and 59 PGLs from patients with hereditary mutations in succinate dehydrogenase subunits B and D (SDHB, SDHD), succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), rearranged during transfection (RET), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and myc-associated factor X. RESULTS In SDHx-related PGLs, a significant decrease in complex II activity (P < 0.0001) and a significant increase in complex I, III, and IV enzyme activities were observed when compared to sporadic, RET, and NF1 tumors. Also, a significant increase in citrate synthase (P < 0.0001) enzyme activity was observed in SDHx-related PGLs when compared to sporadic-, VHL-, RET-, and NF1-related tumors. An increase in succinate accumulation (P < 0.001) and decrease in ATP/ADP/AMP accumulation (P < 0.001) was observed when compared to sporadic PGLs and PGLs of other genotypes. Positive correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between respiratory chain complex II activity and total catecholamine content and ATP/ADP/AMP and total catecholamine contents in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time establishes a relationship between determinants of energy metabolism, like activity of respiratory chain enzyme complex II, ATP/ADP/AMP content, and catecholamine content in PGL tumors. Also, this study for the first time successfully uses NMR spectroscopy to detect catecholamines in PGL tumors and provides ex vivo evidence for the accumulation of succinate in PGL tumors with an SDHx mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna U Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Toczylowska B, Jamrozik Z, Liebert A, Kwiecinski H. NMR-based Metabonomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0208-5216(13)70053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicates iron deficiency compromises cerebral energy metabolism in the infant monkey. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:573-80. [PMID: 23269483 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia affects many pregnant women and young infants worldwide. The health impact is significant, given iron's known role in many body functions, including oxidative and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and brain neurochemistry. The following research determined if (1)H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could detect the adverse influence of early life iron deficiency on the central nervous system. Using a controlled dietary model in 43 infant primates, distinct differences were found in spectra acquired at 600 MHz from the CSF of anemic monkeys. Three metabolite ratios, citrate/pyruvate, citrate/lactate and pyruvate/glutamine ratios, differed significantly in the iron deficient infant and then normalized following the consumption of dietary iron and improvement of clinical indices of anemia in the heme compartment. This distinctive metabolomic profile associated with anemia in the young infant indicates that CSF can be employed to track the neurological effects of iron deficiency and benefits of iron supplementation.
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NMR and pattern recognition methods in metabolomics: From data acquisition to biomarker discovery: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:82-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Sonkar K, Purusottam RN, Sinha N. Metabonomic Study of Host–Phage Interaction by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance- and Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy-Based Analysis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4063-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus,
Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rudra N. Purusottam
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus,
Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, SGPGIMS Campus,
Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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Simultaneous analysis of plasma and CSF by NMR and hierarchical models fusion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:947-59. [PMID: 22395451 PMCID: PMC3336062 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the biofluid which interacts most closely with the central nervous system, it holds promise as a reporter of neurological disease, for example multiple sclerosis (MScl). To characterize the metabolomics profile of neuroinflammatory aspects of this disease we studied an animal model of MScl—experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Because CSF also exchanges metabolites with blood via the blood–brain barrier, malfunctions occurring in the CNS may be reflected in the biochemical composition of blood plasma. The combination of blood plasma and CSF provides more complete information about the disease. Both biofluids can be studied by use of NMR spectroscopy. It is then necessary to perform combined analysis of the two different datasets. Mid-level data fusion was therefore applied to blood plasma and CSF datasets. First, relevant information was extracted from each biofluid dataset by use of linear support vector machine recursive feature elimination. The selected variables from each dataset were concatenated for joint analysis by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The combined metabolomics information from plasma and CSF enables more efficient and reliable discrimination of the onset of EAE. Second, we introduced hierarchical models fusion, in which previously developed PLS-DA models are hierarchically combined. We show that this approach enables neuroinflamed rats (even on the day of onset) to be distinguished from either healthy or peripherally inflamed rats. Moreover, progression of EAE can be investigated because the model separates the onset and peak of the disease. Graphical representation of Hierarchical Models Fusion applied to concatenated plasma and CSF datasets. ![]()
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Beneduci A, Chidichimo G, Dardo G, Pontoni G. Highly routinely reproducible alignment of 1H NMR spectral peaks of metabolites in huge sets of urines. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 685:186-95. [PMID: 21168568 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A method to obtain high reproducibility of (1)H NMR chemical shift of peaks of biofluid metabolites, by simple acidification with HCl is evaluated. Biofluid (1)H NMR analysis is indeed spoiled by a strong chemical shift dependence of metabolite peaks on parameters such as ionic strength, concentration of some earth alkali cations and, mostly, on pH of samples. The resulting chemical shift variations, as large as 0.1 ppm, generate misalignments of homogeneous peaks, artifacts and misinterpretations. Reproducible alignment is essential in (1)H NMR based metabonomics, where peak misalignments prevent even very wide bins (i.e., 0.04 ppm, as elsewhere proposed) from being used to integrate spectral data for multivariate statistical analysis. Here is demonstrated that routine acidification with HCl to 1.2≤pH≤2.0 ensures highly reproducible peak alignment of urine (1)H NMR spectra. In this respect, simple inspection of citrate peaks in the urine can be used to measure pH, as it will be extensively discussed, in that at such low pH they show no dependency on other urine components as reported at higher pH. Under these conditions, in as many as 493 urine samples, in which concentrations of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), Na(+), Cl(-), phosphate, and creatinine and ionic strength measured by means of well standardized conventional procedures, showed very wide ranges, peaks align within a SD always lower than 0.002 ppm, thus allowing the use of integration bins at least five times narrower than 0.04 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerigo Beneduci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Henneke M, Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Brockmann K, van der Graaf M, Willemsen MAAP, Engelke U, Dechent P, Heerschap A, Helms G, Wevers RA, Gärtner J. In vivo proton MR spectroscopy findings specific for adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:441-445. [PMID: 20175147 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting predominantly the central nervous system. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside and succinyladenosine (S-Ado) in tissue and body fluids. Three children presented with muscular hypotonia, psychomotor delay, behavioral abnormalities, and white matter changes on brain MRI. Two of them were affected by seizures. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism including in vitro high resolution proton MRS revealed an ADSL deficiency that was confirmed genetically in all cases. All patients were studied by in vivo proton MRS. In vitro high resolution proton MRS of patient cerebrospinal fluid showed singlet resonances at 8.27 and 8.29 ppm that correspond to accumulated S-Ado. In vivo proton MRS measurements also revealed a prominent signal at 8.3 ppm in gray and white matter brain regions of all patients. The resonance was undetectable in healthy human brain. In vivo proton MRS provides a conclusive finding in ADSL deficiency and represents a reliable noninvasive diagnostic tool for this neurometabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Sinclair AJ, Viant MR, Ball AK, Burdon MA, Walker EA, Stewart PM, Rauz S, Young SP. NMR-based metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and serum in neurological diseases--a diagnostic tool? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:123-132. [PMID: 19691132 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of metabolomic biomarker profiles in neurological conditions (idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) compared to controls with either no neurological disease or mixed neurological diseases). Spectra of CSF (n = 87) and serum (n = 72) were acquired using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate pattern recognition analysis was used to identify disease-specific metabolite biomarker profiles. The metabolite profiles were then used to predict the diagnosis of a second cohort of patients (n = 25). CSF metabolite profiles were able to predict diagnosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% for both IIH and MS. The CVD serum metabolite profile was 75% sensitive and specific. On analysing the second patient cohort, the established metabolite biomarker profiles generated from the first cohort showed moderate ability to segregate patients with IIH and MS (sensitivity:specificity of 63:75% and 67:75%, respectively). These findings suggest that NMR spectroscopic metabolic profiling of CSF and serum can identify differences between IIH, MS, CVD and mixed neurological diseases. Metabolomics may, therefore, have the potential to be developed into a clinically useful diagnostic tool. The identification of disease-unique metabolites may also impart information on disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Sinclair
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Immunity and Inflammation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Tassini M, Zannolli R, Buoni S, Engelke U, Vivi A, Valensin G, Salomons GS, De Nicola A, Strambi M, Monti L, Morava E, Wevers RA, Hayek J. [(1)H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine: diagnosis of a guanidinoacetate methyl transferase deficiency case. J Child Neurol 2010; 25:98-101. [PMID: 19461121 DOI: 10.1177/0883073809336120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the use of urine [(1)H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy has allowed the detection of 1 case of guanidinoacetate methyl transferase in a database sample of 1500 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of central nervous system impairment of unknown origin. The urine [(1)H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a 9-year-old child, having severe epilepsy and nonprogressive mental and motor retardation with no apparent cause, revealed a possible guanidinoacetic acid increase. The definitive assignment of guanidinoacetic acid was checked by addition of pure substance to the urine sample and by measuring [(1)H]-[(1)H] correlation spectroscopy. Diagnosis of guanidinoacetate methyl transferase deficiency was further confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, brain [(1)H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mutational analysis of the guanidinoacetate methyl transferase gene. The replacement therapy was promptly started and, after 1 year, the child was seizure free. We conclude that for this case, urine [(1)H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening was able to diagnose guanidinoacetate methyl transferase deficiency.
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Engelke UFH, Tassini M, Hayek J, de Vries M, Bilos A, Vivi A, Valensin G, Buoni S, Zannolli R, Brussel W, Kremer B, Salomons GS, Veendrick-Meekes MJBM, Kluijtmans LAJ, Morava E, Wevers RA. Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency diagnosed by proton NMR spectroscopy of body fluids. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:538-544. [PMID: 19288536 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In patients with guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency several parameters may point towards the diagnosis of GAMT deficiency. These include the low levels of creatine and creatinine in urine, the high concentration of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in urine and the low levels of creatine and creatinine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this study, body fluids from 10 GAMT deficient patients were analysed using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The urine 1D (1)H NMR spectra of all the patients showed a doublet resonance at 3.98 ppm (pH 2.50) derived from GAA present in high concentration. For this compound, a good recovery and good correlation was found between an LC-MS/MS method and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. In CSF NMR spectra of these patients, the singlet resonances of creatine and creatinine (3.05 and 3.13 ppm, respectively) were absent (normally always present in (1)H NMR spectra of CSF). Due to overlap by other resonances, the doublet of GAA could not be observed. Our data demonstrate that (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine and CSF can be used to diagnose patients with GAMT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F H Engelke
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rapid etiological classification of meningitis by NMR spectroscopy based on metabolite profiles and host response. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5328. [PMID: 19390697 PMCID: PMC2669500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is an acute disease with high mortality that is reduced by early treatment. Identification of the causative microorganism by culture is sensitive but slow. Large volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are required to maximise sensitivity and establish a provisional diagnosis. We have utilised nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to rapidly characterise the biochemical profile of CSF from normal rats and animals with pneumococcal or cryptococcal meningitis. Use of a miniaturised capillary NMR system overcame limitations caused by small CSF volumes and low metabolite concentrations. The analysis of the complex NMR spectroscopic data by a supervised statistical classification strategy included major, minor and unidentified metabolites. Reproducible spectral profiles were generated within less than three minutes, and revealed differences in the relative amounts of glucose, lactate, citrate, amino acid residues, acetate and polyols in the three groups. Contributions from microbial metabolism and inflammatory cells were evident. The computerised statistical classification strategy is based on both major metabolites and minor, partially unidentified metabolites. This data analysis proved highly specific for diagnosis (100% specificity in the final validation set), provided those with visible blood contamination were excluded from analysis; 6–8% of samples were classified as indeterminate. This proof of principle study suggests that a rapid etiologic diagnosis of meningitis is possible without prior culture. The method can be fully automated and avoids delays due to processing and selective identification of specific pathogens that are inherent in DNA-based techniques.
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Kolodziejczyk K, Hamilton NB, Wade A, Káradóttir R, Attwell D. The effect of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate on white matter oligodendrocytes. Brain 2009; 132:1496-508. [PMID: 19383832 PMCID: PMC2685922 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations of the levels of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) are associated with myelin loss in the leucodystrophies Canavan's disease and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. NAAG and NAA can activate and antagonize neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and also act on group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. Oligodendrocytes and their precursors have recently been shown to express NMDA receptors, and activation of these receptors in ischaemia leads to the death of oligodendrocyte precursors and the loss of myelin. This raises the possibility that the failure to develop myelin, or demyelination, occurring in the leucodystrophies could reflect an action of NAAG or NAA on oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors. However, since the putative subunit composition of NMDA receptors on oligodendrocytes differs from that of neuronal NMDA receptors, the effects of NAAG and NAA on them are unknown. We show that NAAG, but not NAA, evokes an inward membrane current in cerebellar white matter oligodendrocytes, which is reduced by NMDA receptor block (but not by block of metabotropic glutamate receptors). The size of the current evoked by NAAG, relative to that evoked by NMDA, was much smaller in oligodendrocytes than in neurons, and NAAG induced a rise in [Ca2+]i in neurons but not in oligodendrocytes. These differences in the effect of NAAG on oligodendrocytes and neurons may reflect the aforementioned difference in receptor subunit composition. In addition, as a major part of the response in oligodendrocytes was blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), much of the NAAG-evoked current in oligodendrocytes is a secondary consequence of activating neuronal NMDA receptors. Six hours exposure to 1 mM NAAG did not lead to the death of cells in the white matter. We conclude that an action of NAAG on oligodendrocyte NMDA receptors is unlikely to be a major contributor to white matter damage in the leucodystrophies.
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Inherited metabolic diseases in neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2008; 15:127-31. [PMID: 18708003 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been a veritable explosion in the discovery of "new" inborn errors of metabolism. These new conditions are involved in complex pathways of intermediary metabolism affecting processes heretofore unknown. The phenotypes of these new conditions are in many ways milder than the classically described metabolic disorders. Several of these conditions present as nonsyndromic neurodevelopmental and/or neurobehavioral disorders. As such, these conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions such as mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders, and cerebral palsy. This article reviews several of these recently described conditions including the clinical presentation, the biochemical profile, the diagnostic approach, and therapeutic options.
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Wishart DS, Lewis MJ, Morrissey JA, Flegel MD, Jeroncic K, Xiong Y, Cheng D, Eisner R, Gautam B, Tzur D, Sawhney S, Bamforth F, Greiner R, Li L. The human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:164-73. [PMID: 18502700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With continuing improvements in analytical technology and an increased interest in comprehensive metabolic profiling of biofluids and tissues, there is a growing need to develop comprehensive reference resources for certain clinically important biofluids, such as blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As part of our effort to systematically characterize the human metabolome we have chosen to characterize CSF as the first biofluid to be intensively scrutinized. In doing so, we combined comprehensive NMR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) Fourier transform-mass spectrometry (FTMS) methods with computer-aided literature mining to identify and quantify essentially all of the metabolites that can be commonly detected (with today's technology) in the human CSF metabolome. Tables containing the compounds, concentrations, spectra, protocols and links to disease associations that we have found for the human CSF metabolome are freely available at http://www.csfmetabolome.ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Engelke UFH, Sass JO, Van Coster RN, Gerlo E, Olbrich H, Krywawych S, Calvin J, Hart C, Omran H, Wevers RA. NMR spectroscopy of aminoacylase 1 deficiency, a novel inborn error of metabolism. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:138-47. [PMID: 17516490 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacylase 1 deficiency is a novel inborn error of metabolism. The clinical significance of the deficiency is under discussion, as well as the possible consequences of the defect for brain metabolism and function. This study includes the five originally published cases as well as three novel ones. NMR spectroscopy of urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid has been used to study these patients. A typical profile with 11 accumulating N-acetylated amino acids was observed in urine from the patients. The concentration of most of the accumulating metabolites is typically 100-500 micromol/mmol creatinine. Two additional minor N-acetylated metabolites remain unidentified. The concentrations of the accumulating metabolites are <20 micromol/L in serum from the patients. Interestingly we found no evidence of an increased concentration of N-acetylated amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid from one patient. Our data define aminoacylase 1 deficiency at the metabolite level providing a specific urinary profile of accumulating N-acetylated amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F H Engelke
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mochel F, Barritault J, Boldieu N, Eugène M, Sedel F, Durr A, Seguin F. Apports de la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire des fluides dans l’étude de maladies métaboliques et neurodégénératives. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007; 163:960-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)92640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Shanaiah N, Desilva MA, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery MA, Hainline BE, Raftery D. Class selection of amino acid metabolites in body fluids using chemical derivatization and their enhanced 13C NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11540-4. [PMID: 17606902 PMCID: PMC1913896 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704449104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a chemical derivatization method that selects a class of metabolites from a complex mixture and enhances their detection by 13C NMR. Acetylation of amines directly in aqueous medium with 1,1'-13C(2) acetic anhydride is a simple method that creates a high sensitivity and quantitative label in complex biofluids with minimal sample pretreatment. Detection using either 1D or 2D 13C NMR experiments produces highly resolved spectra with improved sensitivity. Experiments to identify and compare amino acids and related metabolites in normal human urine and serum samples as well as in urine from patients with the inborn errors of metabolism tyrosinemia type II, argininosuccinic aciduria, homocystinuria, and phenylketonuria demonstrate the method. The use of metabolite derivatization and 13C NMR spectroscopy produces data suitable for metabolite profiling analysis of biofluids on a time scale that allows routine use. Extension of this approach to enhance the NMR detection of other classes of metabolites has also been accomplished. The improved detection of low-concentration metabolites shown here creates opportunities to improve the understanding of the biological processes and develop improved disease detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Aruni Desilva
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - Michael A. Raftery
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
| | - Bryan E. Hainline
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Metabolism and Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniel Raftery
- *Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Oostendorp M, Engelke UFH, Willemsen MAAP, Wevers RA. Diagnosing Inborn Errors of Lipid Metabolism with Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1395-405. [PMID: 16709621 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.069112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Many severe diseases are caused by defects in lipid metabolism. As a result, patients often accumulate unusual lipids in their blood and tissues, and proper identification of these lipids is essential for correct diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the potential use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify (un)usual lipids present in the blood of patients with different inborn errors of lipid metabolism.Methods: We extracted blood plasma or serum lipids in chloroform–methanol (2:1 by volume). After addition of the nonvolatile chemical shift and concentration reference compound octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, we performed 1H-NMR measurements on a 500-MHz spectrometer. Assignments were based on the literature, computer simulations, and reference spectra of relevant authentic standards.Results: Spectra of normal plasma samples allowed the identification of 9 lipid species. We found good correlation between conventional methods and 1H-NMR for cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. We also investigated 4 inborn errors of lipid metabolism (3 in sterol metabolism and 1 in fatty acid metabolism). NMR analysis led to a correct diagnosis for all 4 diseases, whereas the concentration of the diagnostic metabolite could be determined for 3.Conclusions: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma or serum lipid extracts can be used to accurately identify and quantify lipids. The method can also identify unusual lipids in the blood of patients with inborn errors of lipid metabolism. This technique may therefore be applicable in clinical diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Oostendorp
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology and Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Toczyłowska B, Chalimoniuk M, Wodowska M, Mayzner-Zawadzk E. Changes in concentration of cerebrospinal fluid components in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2006; 1104:183-9. [PMID: 16793028 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury, like other central nervous system pathologies, causes changes in the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this study, changes in the concentration of small molecules of the CSF, which are in the minimal micromolar concentration, were observed and monitored using high-resolution proton (NMR) spectroscopy. Twenty-two patients with isolated traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and 15 patients making up the control group were recruited for the study. CSF samples were collected by lumbar puncture from the lumbar subarachnoid space in the patients just before commencement of therapy and on the first, third, seventh and fourteenth days of therapy at the ICU. Forty-four signals of the NMR spectra and NO concentration of the CSF samples were analyzed. The analysis shows that the amino acid and organic acid concentrations change during the therapy and mostly are higher than in the control group. Significant differences in concentration of the analyzed CSF components between the TBI patients and the control group have been noted. The rate of the lactate to pyruvate conversion increased because the L/P ratio showed no significant differences between the TBI group and the control group, while the concentrations of both components were significantly higher in the TBI patients than in the control group. Citrulline, arginine and nitric oxide concentrations were the focus of the analysis. Citrulline concentration changes overlapped NO changes from 0 until 3rd day of therapy, while for the remaining days of observation the NO concentration stabilized at the control level, whereas citrulline concentration significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Toczyłowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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Hascalik S, Celik O, Sarac K, Alkan A, Mizrak B. Clinical significance of N-acetyl-L-aspartate resonance in ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:423-6. [PMID: 16445669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive measurement of the biochemistry of living tissue. We report spectroscopy analysis of a 26-year-old woman affected by right ovarian lesion diagnosed as mucinous cystadenoma. MRS was performed by the point-resolved spectroscopy technique with a long echo time (TE) (136 msec). MRS measurements were performed on the two distinct component of the right ovarian tumor. The classification of metabolite peaks area in this study was performed according to the technique described by Okada et al. The features of proton MRS studies are discussed. As well as strongly elevated lactate and N-acetyl-L-aspartate signals, the tumor spectrum showed lipid resonances. Proton MRS imaging may be helpful for the investigation of the underlying pathophysiology of ovarian mucinous cystadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hascalik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Inonu University, 44069 Malatya, Turkey.
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40
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Engelke UFH, Kremer B, Kluijtmans LAJ, van der Graaf M, Morava E, Loupatty FJ, Wanders RJA, Moskau D, Loss S, van den Bergh E, Wevers RA. NMR spectroscopic studies on the late onset form of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I and other defects in leucine metabolism. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2006; 19:271-8. [PMID: 16541463 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A diagnosis of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I (OMIM: 250950) based on elevated urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3MGA), 3-methylglutaric acid (3MG) and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3HIVA) was made in a 61-year-old female patient presenting with leukoencephalopathy slowly progressing over more than 30 years. The diagnosis was confirmed at the enzymatic and molecular level. In vivo brain MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was performed at 3.0 T, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional in vitro NMR spectroscopy of body fluids of the patient was performed at 11.7 T. Additionally, we measured 1D (1)H-NMR spectra of urine of seven patients with a total of four different inborn errors of leucine metabolism. Increased concentrations of 3HIVA, 3MGA (cis and trans) and 3MG were observed in the NMR spectra of the patient's urine. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the 3HIVA concentration was 10 times higher than in the plasma of the patient and only the cis isomer of 3MGA was observed. In vivo brain MRSI showed an abnormal resonance at 1.28 ppm that may be caused by 3HIVA. Comparison of (1)H-NMR spectra of urine samples from all eight patients studied, representing five different inborn errors of leucine metabolism, showed that each disease has typical NMR characteristics. Our leukoencephalopathy patient suffers from a late-onset form of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I. In the literature, only very few adult patients with this conditions have been described, and 3HIVA accumulation in white matter in the brain has not been presented before in these patients. Our data demonstrate that (1)H-NMR spectroscopy of urine can easily discriminate between the known inborn errors of leucine metabolism and provide the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F H Engelke
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The application of MR spectroscopy (MRS) in pediatric brain disorders yields valued information on pathologic processes, such as ischemia, demyelination, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Because these processes manifest in inborn errors of metabolism, the purposes of this article are to (1) describe the spectral changes that are associated with the relatively common metabolic disorders, with summaries of known spectroscopic features of these disorders; (2) offer suggestions for recognition and distinction of disorders; and (3) provide general guidelines for MRS implementation. Although many conditions have a similar presentation, MRS offers valuable information for the individual patient in diagnosis and therapy when integrated fully into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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42
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Engelke UFH, Tangerman A, Willemsen MAAP, Moskau D, Loss S, Mudd SH, Wevers RA. Dimethyl sulfone in human cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma confirmed by one-dimensional (1)H and two-dimensional (1)H-(13)C NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2005; 18:331-6. [PMID: 15996001 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(1)H-NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz was used to confirm that a previously unidentified singlet resonance at 3.14 ppm in the spectra of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples corresponds to dimethyl sulfone (DMSO(2)). A triple resonance inverse cryogenic NMR probe, with pre-amplifier and the RF-coils cooled to low temperature, was used to obtain an (1)H-(13)C HSQC spectrum of CSF containing 8 microM (753 ng/ml) DMSO(2). The (1)H-(13)C correlation signal for DMSO(2) was assigned by comparison with the spectrum from an authentic reference sample. In plasma and CSF from healthy controls, the concentration of DMSO(2) ranged between 0 and 25 micromol/l. The concentration of DMSO(2) in plasma from three of four patients with severe methionine adenosyltransferase I/III (MAT I/III) deficiency was about twice the maximum observed for controls. Thus, DMSO(2) occurs as a regular metabolite at low micromolar concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. It derives from dietary sources, from intestinal bacterial metabolism and from human endogenous methanethiol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F H Engelke
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ratai EM, Pilkenton S, Lentz MR, Greco JB, Fuller RA, Kim JP, He J, Cheng LL, González RG. Comparisons of brain metabolites observed by HRMAS 1H NMR of intact tissue and solution 1H NMR of tissue extracts in SIV-infected macaques. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2005; 18:242-51. [PMID: 15759297 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare ex vivo proton high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectra of intact tissue with those spectra obtained by solution (1)H NMR of brain extracts of the same sample. Sixteen brain tissue samples from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques from both frontal cortex and putamen were evaluated by comparing brain metabolite quantities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), creatine (Cr), lactate (Lac), glutamate (Glu) and acetate (Ace). The ratios of the individual NMR peak areas of all metabolites relative to the creatine peak area were calculated. Linear regression analysis revealed significant correlations between measurements using the two methods. The strength of the correlations varied depending on the metabolite studied. We found highly significant correlations for NAA/Cr (r2 = 0.77; p < 0.0001), NAA + Ace/Cr (r2 = 0.73; p < 0.0001) and MI/Cr (r2 = 0.75; p < 0.0001). We observed somewhat less strong correlations for Glu/Cr (r2 = 0.54; p < 0.002) and Lac/Cr (r2 = 0.54; p < 0.002). There was a substantially weaker correlation for Cho/Cr (r2 = 0.32; p = 0.02). When plotting the metabolite ratios obtained by 1H HRMAS NMR of the intact tissue sample on the ordinate vs 1H NMR of the tissue extract on the abscissa, most metabolites exhibited a slope close to unity, and a positive intercept probably due to macromolecular contributions to the MAS spectra. The slope for Cho/Cr was substantially less than unity. Generally, samples from the frontal cortex showed a better correlation between intact and extracted tissue samples than putamen. This is most prominent in the cases of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr. We conclude that both methods provide substantially the same information for most major brain metabolites, with the exception of the Cho resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Ratai
- Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center and Neuroradiology Division, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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White LR, Gårseth M, Aasly J, Sonnewald U. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with dementia contains increased amounts of an unknown factor. J Neurosci Res 2004; 78:297-301. [PMID: 15378514 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of an unidentified peak have been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia compared to the level in healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No increase was found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Reexamination of spectra from a study published previously (Gårseth et al. [2000] J. Neurosci. Res. 60:779-782), however, shows that this peak was also elevated significantly in CSF from patients with Huntington's disease compared to that in controls. The level in patients with Parkinson's disease, where dementia develops in up to 40% of patients, was not elevated significantly compared to that in controls. To the best of our knowledge, this peak has not yet been identified and we therefore find it appropriate to temporarily designate the name "dementia associated factor" (DAF), although there is as yet no certainty that this substance is specific for these conditions. Apart from a significantly increased level of glutamine in CSF from patients with vascular dementia compared to that in controls, no other significant difference was found for any other metabolite measured in the patient groups using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R White
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Wolf NI, Haas D, Hoffmann GF, Jakobs C, Salomons GS, Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Rating D. Sedation with 4-hydroxybutyric acid: a potential pitfall in the diagnosis of SSADH deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2004; 27:291-3. [PMID: 15243989 DOI: 10.1023/b:boli.0000028842.15981.6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is a rare neurometabolic disorder with accumulation of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4-HBA) as a biochemical hallmark. We present a boy with an unresolved severe neurological disorder and intermittent elevation of 4-HBA in serum and CSF which was later shown to result from iatrogenic administration of 4-HBA for sedation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Wolf
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Division of Metabolic Disorders, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Groenen PMW, Engelke UF, Wevers RA, Hendriks JCM, Eskes TKAB, Merkus HMWM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy of amniotic fluids from spina bifida fetuses and controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 112:16-23. [PMID: 14687733 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify proton containing metabolites by in vitro 1H NMR spectroscopy of amniotic fluids from fetuses with spina bifida and controls. STUDY DESIGN Fourteen amniotic fluids from spina bifida fetuses and 18 controls were obtained. Concentrations of carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids were determined. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the data. RESULTS At 15 and 39 weeks amenorrhea, the estimated median amniotic fluid concentrations of succinic acid and glutamine were significantly higher in the spina bifida group compared to controls, 37 and 64%, respectively. Whereas creatine and creatinine were significantly lower, 27 and 36%, respectively. Amenorrhea influenced the concentrations of most compounds with the exception of lactic acid. CONCLUSION 1H NMR spectroscopy shows significantly higher succinic acid and glutamine concentrations in amniotic fluids derived from spina bifida fetuses compared with controls. A derangement in amino acid metabolism is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M W Groenen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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47
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Engelke UFH, Liebrand-van Sambeek MLF, de Jong JGN, Leroy JG, Morava E, Smeitink JAM, Wevers RA. N-Acetylated Metabolites in Urine: Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study on Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Clin Chem 2004; 50:58-66. [PMID: 14633929 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: There is no comprehensive analytical technique to analyze N-acetylated metabolites in urine. Many of these compounds are involved in inborn errors of metabolism. In the present study, we examined the potential of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy as a tool to identify and quantify N-acetylated metabolites in urine of patients with various inborn errors of metabolism.Methods: We performed 1H-NMR spectroscopy on a 500 MHz spectrometer. Using a combination of one- and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (COSY) 1H-NMR spectra, we were able to assign and quantify resonances of characteristic N-acetylated compounds products in urine of patients with 13 inborn errors of metabolism.Results: The disease-specific N-acetylated metabolites were excreted at concentrations >100 μmol/mmol of creatinine in the patients’ urine. In control urine samples, the concentration of individual N-acetyl-containing compounds was <40 μmol/mmol of creatinine. The combination of one- and two-dimensional COSY NMR spectroscopy led to the correct diagnosis of nine different inborn errors of metabolism. No abnormalities were observed in the spectra of urine from patients with GM1- or GM2-gangliosidosis. We also determined the 1H-NMR characteristics of N-acetylated metabolites that may be relevant to human metabolism.Conclusion: 1H-NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify and quantify N-acetylated metabolites of diagnostic importance for the field of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F H Engelke
- University Medical Center Nijmegen, Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Paczkowska A, Toczyłowska B, Nyckowski P, Patkowski W, Kański A, Krawczyk M, Ołdakowska-Jedynak U. High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of bile samples obtained from a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation: new perspectives. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2278-80. [PMID: 14529914 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver is involved in many synthetic and metabolic functions. It takes part in the regulation of circulation, thermoregulation, and digestion. All liver functions are disturbed during harvesting, preservation, and transplantation. The assessment of graft function is still a matter of concern. Many methods including analysis of hepatic enzymes, ketone body ratio, and level of drug metabolites do not give complete and reliable information on graft function. Liver biopsy is still the best diagnostic tool, however, it is invasive, carrying the risk of complications. High-resolution proton spectroscopy of nuclear magnetic resonance was used for analysis of the bile sample obtained from a patient after orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paczkowska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Braun KPJ, Gooskens RHJM, Vandertop WP, Tulleken CAF, van der Grond J. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human hydrocephalus. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 17:291-9. [PMID: 12594718 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cerebral metabolism in clinical hydrocephalus with (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 24 children and adults with progressive, arrested, or normal pressure hydrocephalus, long-echo time (1)H MR spectra were acquired from periventricular white matter and intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Metabolite ratios, and the presence of lactate, were compared with 38 age-matched controls. RESULTS Metabolite ratios of patients were within the 95% confidence interval (CI) of controls. A small lactate resonance was detected in 20% of control and hydrocephalic subjects. Lactate was consistently visible in CSF spectra, though lactate concentrations were normal. The CSF lactate T(2) was long in comparison with the known intracellular metabolite T(2) relaxation times. In three neonates with hydrocephalus and spina bifida, 3-hydroxybutyrate was detected in CSF in vivo. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present methods, (1)H MRS could not detect cerebral metabolic abnormalities in human hydrocephalus and provided no additional diagnostic information. The long T(2) of lactate in CSF explains its high visibility. Hence, the detection of lactate in spectra acquired from voxels that contain CSF does not necessarily imply cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees P J Braun
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Kok RD, van den Berg PP, van den Bergh AJ, Nijland R, Heerschap A. Maturation of the human fetal brain as observed by 1H MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2002; 48:611-6. [PMID: 12353277 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proton MRS was used to monitor cerebral metabolite tissue levels in 35 normal fetuses during development in the gestational age range of 30-41 weeks. First, MRI in three orthogonal orientations was performed. A volume of interest (VOI) (15-43 cc) of fetal brain tissue was then selected for (1)H MRS. For localization, two pulse sequences (stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) at TE = 20 ms, and point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at TE = 135 ms) were applied. The MR spectra of the brain showed signals for inositol (Ino), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl (NA) compounds. From 30 to 41 weeks the absolute tissue level of NA, and the ratios of NA/Cr and NA/Cho increased, whereas the ratio of Cho/Cr decreased. These changes reflect maturation of the brain. Considering the diagnostic value of proton MRS in pediatric neurology, this new approach may also be useful for characterizing pathological conditions in the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- René D Kok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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