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Kajita H, Tanaka I, Komuro H, Nishimaki S, Kusakawa I, Sakamoto K. Efficacy of Cranial Orthosis for Plagiocephaly Based on 2D and 3D Evaluation. Arch Plast Surg 2024; 51:169-181. [PMID: 38596144 PMCID: PMC11001441 DOI: 10.1055/a-2222-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the advent of cranial orthoses as therapeutic medical devices for the treatment of severe positional head deformities in Japan, an increasing number of patients are being treated with them. However, assessing the effectiveness of a treatment is often difficult due to the use of different metrics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cranial orthoses for deformational plagiocephaly using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) evaluation metrics. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of infant patients with deformational plagiocephaly who underwent cranial orthosis treatment. We evaluated the severity of deformational plagiocephaly using cranial asymmetry (CA) and the cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) as 2D metrics, and anterior and posterior symmetry ratios as 3D metrics. The patients were divided into 24 subgroups based on the initial severity of each outcome and their age at the start of treatment. We analyzed the changes in outcomes and correlations within improvements across the age and severity categories. Results Overall, 1,038 infants were included in this study. The mean CA, CVAI, and anterior and posterior symmetry ratios improved significantly after cranial orthosis treatment. The improvement in each score was greater in patients with more severe initial deformities and in those who underwent treatment at a younger age. Conclusion Cranial orthosis treatment was effective in correcting deformational plagiocephaly in infants, as demonstrated by improvements in both 2D and 3D metrics. Patients with more severe initial deformities and those who underwent treatment at a younger age showed greater improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kajita
- Baby's Head Reshaping Clinic in Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tanaka
- Baby's Head Reshaping Clinic in Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Nishimaki
- Baby's Head Reshaping Clinic in Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Silinevica S, Lokmane K, Vuollo V, Jakobsone G, Pirttiniemi P. The association between dental and facial symmetry in adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:340-350. [PMID: 37005109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Facial aesthetics have become one of the most important objectives of orthodontic treatment. The correction of dental arches should be performed in accordance with the face. This study explored the association between occlusal and facial asymmetries in adolescents, particularly emphasizing a Class II subdivision. METHODS Eighty-one adolescents (43 males, 38 females) with a median age of 15.9 (interquartile range, 15.17-16.33) years were enrolled. Of these patients, 30 had a Class II subdivision (right side, n = 12; left side, n = 18). Three-dimensional facial scans were analyzed using surface- and landmark-based methods. Chin asymmetry was determined using the chin volume asymmetry score. Three-dimensional intraoral scans were analyzed to assess occlusal asymmetry. RESULTS The surface matching scores were 59.0% ± 11.3% for the whole face and 39.0% ± 19.2% for the chin. Chin volume was larger on the right side than on the left side in most patients (n = 51, 63%), and it was associated with a dental midline shift to the corresponding subdivision side. A correlation between dental and facial asymmetries was noted. In addition, the dental midline shifted to the left in patients with a Class II subdivision, regardless of the side, and to the right in those with a symmetrical Class II subdivision. However, several patients did not possess asymmetrical occlusal traits sufficient for statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Dental asymmetry was weak but significantly correlated with facial asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Silinevica
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | - Ville Vuollo
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gundega Jakobsone
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Trandzhiev M, Vezirska DI, Maslarski I, Milev MD, Laleva L, Nakov V, Cornelius JF, Spiriev T. Photogrammetry Applied to Neurosurgery: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46251. [PMID: 37908958 PMCID: PMC10614469 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photogrammetry refers to the process of creating 3D models and taking measurements through the use of photographs. Photogrammetry has many applications in neurosurgery, such as creating 3D anatomical models and diagnosing and evaluating head shape and posture deformities. This review aims to summarize the uses of the technique in the neurosurgical practice and showcase the systems and software required for its implementation. A literature review was done in the online database PubMed. Papers were searched using the keywords "photogrammetry", "neurosurgery", "neuroanatomy", "craniosynostosis" and "scoliosis". The identified articles were later put through primary (abstracts and titles) and secondary (full text) screening for eligibility for inclusion. In total, 86 articles were included in the review from 315 papers identified. The review showed that the main uses of photogrammetry in the field of neurosurgery are related to the creation of 3D models of complex neuroanatomical structures and surgical approaches, accompanied by the uses for diagnosis and evaluation of patients with structural deformities of the head and trunk, such as craniosynostosis and scoliosis. Additionally, three instances of photogrammetry applied for more specific aims, namely, cervical spine surgery, skull-base surgery, and radiosurgery, were identified. Information was extracted on the software and systems used to execute the method. With the development of the photogrammetric method, it has become possible to create accurate 3D models of physical objects and analyze images with dedicated software. In the neurosurgical setting, this has translated into the creation of anatomical teaching models and surgical 3D models as well as the evaluation of head and spine deformities. Through those applications, the method has the potential to facilitate the education of residents and medical students and the diagnosis of patient pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trandzhiev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
| | - Donika I Vezirska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
| | - Ivan Maslarski
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Lozenetz, Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia, BGR
| | - Milko D Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
| | - Vladimir Nakov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
| | - Jan F Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, DEU
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, BGR
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Boyd DC, Cheek KG, Boyd CC. Fatal non-accidental pediatric cranial fracture risk and three-layered cranial architecture development. J Forensic Sci 2023; 68:46-58. [PMID: 36529468 PMCID: PMC10108079 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the influence of three-layered cranial architecture development upon blunt force trauma (BFT) cranial outcomes associated with pediatric non-accidental injury (NAI). Macroscopic and microscopic metric and morphological comparisons of subadult crania ranging from perinatal to 17 years of age chronicle the ontogenetic development and spatial and temporal variability in the emergence of a mature cranial architecture. Cranial vault thickness increases with subadult age, accelerating in the first 2 years of life due to rapid brain growth during this period. Three-layer differentiation of the cranial tables and diploë initiates by 3-6 months but is not consistently observed until 18 months to 2 years; diploë formation is not well developed until after age 4 and does not manifest a mature appearance until after age 8. These results allow topographic documentation of cortical and diploic development and temporal and spatial variability across the growing cranium. The lateral cranial vault is identified as expressing delayed development and reduced expression of the three-layer architecture, a pattern that continues into adulthood. Comparison of fracture locations from known BFT pediatric cases with identified cranial fracture high-risk impact regions shows a concordance and suggests the presence of a higher fracture risk associated with non-accidental BFT in the lateral vault region in subadults below the age of 2. The absence or lesser development of a three-layered architecture in subadults leaves their cranial bones, particularly in the lateral vault, thin and vulnerable to the effects of BFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C Boyd
- Department of Anthropological Sciences, Radford University Forensic Science Institute, Radford, Virginia, USA.,Department of Basic Science, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimber G Cheek
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C Clifford Boyd
- Department of Anthropological Sciences, Radford University Forensic Science Institute, Radford, Virginia, USA
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Miyabayashi H, Nagano N, Kato R, Hashimoto S, Saito K, Noto T, Ohashi S, Masunaga K, Morioka I. Cranial shapes of Japanese preterm infants at one month of age using a three-dimensional scanner. Brain Dev 2022; 44:690-698. [PMID: 35906116 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, cranial shape measurements of preterm infants have been performed using handheld three-dimensional (3D) scanners and can now be objectively quantified. AIMS To measure the cranial shapes of Japanese preterm infants at one month of age using a 3D scanner, compare these values with those of healthy term infants, and examine the risk factors for dolichocephaly. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Preterm infants born at <37 weeks of gestation and staying in the neonatal intensive care unit or visiting an outpatient clinic for a one-month checkup between April 2020 and March 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES A 3D scanner was used to quantify cranial shape. Comparison was made with full-term, one-month-old infants. RESULTS Ninety-four preterm infants (42 boys) and 165 full-term infants were enrolled. Preterm infants had a significantly lower cephalic index (77.9% and 85.0%, p < 0.01) and a higher incidence of dolichocephaly (54.3% and 13.3%, p < 0.01) compared to term infants. No significant difference in incidence of deformational plagiocephaly was found between the groups (41.5% vs. 47.3%, p = 0.44). The risk of dolichocephaly was significantly higher for female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-8.50), cesarean section (OR, 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-13.5), and use of mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-20.0). CONCLUSIONS Japanese preterm infants at the first month of life had longer heads than full-term infants; the risk factors identified were female sex, cesarean section, and use of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Risa Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takanori Noto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Noto Children's Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Masunaga
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Miyabayashi H, Nagano N, Hashimoto S, Saito K, Kato R, Noto T, Sasano M, Sumi K, Yoshino A, Morioka I. Evaluating Cranial Growth in Japanese Infants Using a Three-dimensional Scanner: Relationship between Growth-related Parameters and Deformational Plagiocephaly. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:521-529. [PMID: 36184476 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in the cranial shape of healthy Japanese infants using a three-dimensional scanner and construct a normal values database for the growth process. Preterm infants (gestational age < 37 weeks), infants with neonatal asphyxia (5-minute Apgar score of <7), and patients who started helmet therapy for deformational plagiocephaly were excluded from this study. The first scan was performed at approximately 1 month of age, followed by two scans conducted at 3 and 6 months of age. The parameters considered were as follows: cranial length, width, height, circumference, volume, cranial vault asymmetry index, and cephalic index. A cranial vault asymmetry index >5% was defined as deformational plagiocephaly. Changes in each parameter were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance classified by sex and deformational plagiocephaly status. The rate of increase in each parameter was also examined. In total, 88 infants (45 boys and 43 girls) were included in this study. All growth-related parameters were noted to increase linearly with time. Sex differences were observed in all parameters except cranial length. Deformational plagiocephaly was found to have no effect on growth-related parameters. Cranial volume increased by 60% from 1 to 6 months of age. The growth almost uniformly influenced the rate of increase in volume in each coordinate axis direction. Overall, the mean trends in three-dimensional parameters in infants up to 6 months of age were obtained using a three-dimensional scanner. These trends could be used as a guide by medical professionals involved in cranioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Risa Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Takanori Noto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine.,Noto Children's Clinic
| | - Mari Sasano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Koichiro Sumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
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Investigating Type B Basilar Invagination through cephalic indices. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e1262-e1268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Anthropometric Landmarking for Diagnosis of Cranial Deformities: Validation of an Automatic Approach and Comparison with Intra- and Interobserver Variability. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1022-1037. [PMID: 35622207 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Shape analysis of infant's heads is crucial to diagnose cranial deformities and evaluate head growth. Currently available 3D imaging systems can be used to create 3D head models, promoting the clinical practice for head evaluation. However, manual analysis of 3D shapes is difficult and operator-dependent, causing inaccuracies in the analysis. This study aims to validate an automatic landmark detection method for head shape analysis. The detection results were compared with manual analysis in three levels: (1) distance error of landmarks; (2) accuracy of standard cranial measurements, namely cephalic ratio (CR), cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI), and overall symmetry ratio (OSR); and (3) accuracy of the final diagnosis of cranial deformities. For each level, the intra- and interobserver variability was also studied by comparing manual landmark settings. High landmark detection accuracy was achieved by the method in 166 head models. A very strong agreement with manual analysis for the cranial measurements was also obtained, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.997, 0.961, and 0.771 for the CR, CVAI, and OSR. 91% agreement with manual analysis was achieved in the diagnosis of cranial deformities. Considering its high accuracy and reliability in different evaluation levels, the method showed to be feasible for use in clinical practice for head shape analysis.
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Three-Dimensional versus Two-Dimensional Evaluations of Cranial Asymmetry in Deformational Plagiocephaly Using a Three-Dimensional Scanner. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9060788. [PMID: 35740725 PMCID: PMC9221621 DOI: 10.3390/children9060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the measurement precision of a three-dimensional (3D) scanner that detects the geometric shape as surface data and to investigate the differences between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D evaluations in infants with deformational plagiocephaly. Using the 3D scanner that can perform both 2D and 3D evaluations, we calculated cranial asymmetry (CA) for the 2D evaluation, and the anterior symmetry ratio (ASR) and posterior symmetry ratio (PSR) for the 3D evaluation. Intra- and inter-examiner precision analyses revealed that the coefficients of the variation measurements were extremely low (<1%) for all variables, except CA (5%). In 530 infants, the coincidence rate of CA severity by the 2D evaluation and the 3D evaluation was 83.4%. A disagreement on severity was found between 2D and 3D evaluations in 88 infants (16.6%): 68 infants (12.8%) were assessed as severe by 2D evaluation and mild by the 3D evaluation, while 20 infants (3.8%) were evaluated as mild by 2D and severe by 3D evaluation. Overall, the 2D evaluation identified more infants as severe than the 3D evaluation. The 3D evaluation proved more precise than the 2D evaluation. We found that approximately one in six infants differed in severity between 2D and 3D evaluations.
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van Gils RHJ, Wauben LSGL, Helder OK. Body size measuring techniques enabling stress-free growth monitoring of extreme preterm infants inside incubators: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267285. [PMID: 35452486 PMCID: PMC9033282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth monitoring of preterm infants is essential for assessing the nutritional effects on their growth. The current growth monitoring techniques are too stressful, however, for the smallest preterm infants. We performed a systematic review to summarize studies on stress-free techniques for measuring the body size of preterm infants inside incubators other than the traditional calliper and tape measure-based instruments. Methods We searched four online literature databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane, using search terms related to patients (neonates, infants, children) and body size measuring techniques. By means of expert judgement we assessed the techniques’ suitability for stress-free body size measurement of an infant lying in an incubator. As a criterion for suitability, we used an imaginary ideal technique. Results Twenty-six studies were included in this review. In 24 studies, the technique for body size measurement was related to 3D technology, and the majority of these studies acknowledged clinical superiority of 3D over 2D data. Two 3D techniques were assessed as suitable for stress-free measurement of preterm infants inside incubators. The first technique used a commercially available 3D handheld scanner which needed 3D postprocessing to derive measurement data. The second technique used a self-developed stereoscopic vision system. Conclusions 3D volumetric parameters have higher clinical value for growth monitoring than 2D. In addition, contactless 3D measurements enable stress-free growth monitoring of even the smallest preterm infants. However, the time-consuming 3D postprocessing challenges the usability of 3D techniques. Regrettably, none of the identified suitable 3D techniques met all our requirements of an ideal all-in-one body size measuring technique for extreme preterm infants. Handheld 3D scanning might have the best properties for developing this ideal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H. J. van Gils
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Create4Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Engineering & Applied Science, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Linda S. G. L. Wauben
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Onno K. Helder
- Department of Create4Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Heikkinen EV, Vuollo V, Harila V, Sidlauskas A, Heikkinen T. Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:197-202. [PMID: 34619067 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1985166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To resolve how the preferred chewing side (PCS) affects facial asymmetry in twins, whether there are differences between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, and whether the twins with PCS have more asymmetric faces compared to symmetrically chewing twins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 106 Lithuanian twin pairs of the same sex, 59 MZ and 47 DZ pairs. The data were analysed from facial 3D images and manually added landmarks. 3D images were analysed by Rapidform2006 software and statistical analyses were done by using the R software environment version 4.1.0. RESULTS The contralateral effect of PCS and larger chin side was dominant among right and non-right side chewing twins. Being female increased the whole face symmetry. CONCLUSION The volume of the chin becomes larger on the side opposite to the twins' habitual chewing side. As the results are quite similar in both twin types, functional factors are more prominent than heredity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina V. Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antanas Sidlauskas
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Torres HR, Morais P, Fritze A, Oliveira B, Veloso F, Rudiger M, Fonseca JC, Vilaca JL. Anthropometric Landmark Detection in 3D Head Surfaces Using a Deep Learning Approach. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:2643-2654. [PMID: 33147152 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3035888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Landmark labeling in 3D head surfaces is an important and routine task in clinical practice to evaluate head shape, namely to analyze cranial deformities or growth evolution. However, manual labeling is still applied, being a tedious and time-consuming task, highly prone to intra-/inter-observer variability, and can mislead the diagnose. Thus, automatic methods for anthropometric landmark detection in 3D models have a high interest in clinical practice. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to accurately detect landmarks in 3D infant's head surfaces. The proposed method is divided into two stages: (i) 2D representation of the 3D head surface; and (ii) landmark detection through a deep learning strategy. Moreover, a 3D data augmentation method to create shape models based on the expected head variability is proposed. The proposed framework was evaluated in synthetic and real datasets, achieving accurate detection results. Furthermore, the data augmentation strategy proved its added value, increasing the method's performance. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method and its potential to be used in clinical practice for head shape analysis.
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13
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Tu L, Porras AR, Enquobahrie A, Buck B S GC, Tsering M S D, Horvath S, Keating R, Oh AK, Rogers GF, George Linguraru M. Automated Measurement of Intracranial Volume Using Three-Dimensional Photography. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:314e-323e. [PMID: 32459727 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods to analyze three-dimensional photography do not quantify intracranial volume, an important metric of development. This study presents the first noninvasive, radiation-free, accurate, and reproducible method to quantify intracranial volume from three-dimensional photography. METHODS In this retrospective study, cranial bones and head skin were automatically segmented from computed tomographic images of 575 subjects without cranial abnormality (average age, 5 ± 5 years; range, 0 to 16 years). The intracranial volume and the head volume were measured at the cranial vault region, and their relation was modeled by polynomial regression, also accounting for age and sex. Then, the regression model was used to estimate the intracranial volume of 30 independent pediatric patients from their head volume measured using three-dimensional photography. Evaluation was performed by comparing the estimated intracranial volume with the true intracranial volume of these patients computed from paired computed tomographic images; two growth models were used to compensate for the time gap between computed tomographic and three-dimensional photography. RESULTS The regression model estimated the intracranial volume of the normative population from the head volume calculated from computed tomographic images with an average error of 3.81 ± 3.15 percent (p = 0.93) and a correlation (R) of 0.96. The authors obtained an average error of 4.07 ± 3.01 percent (p = 0.57) in estimating the intracranial volume of the patients from three-dimensional photography using the regression model. CONCLUSION Three-dimensional photography with image analysis provides measurement of intracranial volume with clinically acceptable accuracy, thus offering a noninvasive, precise, and reproducible method to evaluate normal and abnormal brain development in young children. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Tu
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Antonio R Porras
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Andinet Enquobahrie
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Graham C Buck B S
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Deki Tsering M S
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Samantha Horvath
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Robert Keating
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Albert K Oh
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Gary F Rogers
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
| | - Marius George Linguraru
- From the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, the Division of Neurosurgery, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital; Kitware, Inc.; and the Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University
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14
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Meulstee J, de Jong G, Borstlap W, Koerts G, Maal T, Delye H. The normal evolution of the cranium in three dimensions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:739-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Monson TA. Patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:3068-3084. [PMID: 32220100 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cranium contains almost all of the vertebrate sensory organs and plays an essential role in vertebrate evolution. Research on the primate cranium has revealed that it is both highly integrated and modular, but studies have historically focused on covariance between the neurocranium and facial skeleton rather than on bones specific to special senses such as vision. The goal of this work is to investigate patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids with particular attention to the orbits. This study takes a quantitative approach using data collected from 38 homologous cranial landmarks across 11 genera of cercopithecid monkeys (Cercopithecidae, N = 291). These data demonstrate that both patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation differ across Cercopithecidae at subfamily, tribe, and genus levels, with the strongest integration in the papionins (and specifically Papio) and significantly weaker covariation in the colobines, particularly Presbytis. Orbital height does not covary with other measurements of the cranium to the same degree as other cranial traits in Cercopithecidae and is highly constrained across the family. This study has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and development of morphological diversity in the cercopithecid cranium and evolution of the primate eye. This study also highlights the potential error of broad assumptions about generalizing patterns and magnitudes of modularity and integration across primates. Additionally, these findings reiterate the importance of trait selection for interpreting fossil taxonomy, as craniofacial covariation may impact phenotypes commonly used to differentiate fossil primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesla A Monson
- Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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16
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Launonen AM, Aarnivala H, Kyteas P, Vuollo V, Heikkinen T, Kau CH, Pirttiniemi P, Harila V, Valkama AM. A 3D Follow-Up Study of Cranial Asymmetry from Early Infancy to Toddler Age after Preterm versus Term Birth. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101665. [PMID: 31614700 PMCID: PMC6832468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are at higher risk for both symmetrical and asymmetrical head molding. This study involved 3D stereophotogrammetry to assess the cranial growth, molding, and incidence of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) in preterm children compared to term born children. Thirty-four preterm infants and 34 term born controls were enrolled in this study from Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Three-dimensional head images were obtained at the age of 2–4 months (T1), 5–7 months (T2), 11–13 months (T3), and 2.5–3 years (T4) from the term equivalent age (TEA). There was no statistically significant difference in oblique cranial length ratio (OCLR), cephalic index (CI), or weighted asymmetry score (wAS) between the two groups. Occipital flattening, defined by flatness score (FS) was statistically significantly greater in the preterm group than in the term group at T1–T4 (p < 0.05). In both groups, OCLR improved gradually over time. There were no instances, in either group, of severe DP and no moderate DP after T2. Results indicate that DP affects preterm and full-term children almost equally during the first three years of life, and cranial asymmetry resolves at a similar rate in both preterm and term groups after three months of corrected age. Preterm infants present with more occipital flattening than full-term children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina M Launonen
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Henri Aarnivala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Panagiotis Kyteas
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Chung H Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Virpi Harila
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - A Marita Valkama
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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17
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Frassanito P, Bianchi F, Pennisi G, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Caldarelli M. The growth of the neurocranium: literature review and implications in cranial repair. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1459-1465. [PMID: 31089851 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postnatal growth of neurocranium is prevalently completed in the first years of life, thus deeply affecting the clinical presentation and surgical management of pediatric neurosurgical conditions involving the skull. This paper aims to review the pertinent literature on the normal growth of neurocranium and critically discuss the surgical implications of this factor in cranial repair. METHODS A search of the electronic database of Pubmed was performed, using the key word "neurocranium growth", thus obtaining 217 results. Forty-six papers dealing with this topic in humans, limited to the English language, were selected. After excluding a few papers dealing with viscerocranium growth or pathological conditions not related to normal neurocranium growth 18 papers were finally included into the present review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The skull growth is very rapid in the first 2 years of life and approximates the adult volume by 7 years of age, with minimal further growth later on, which is warranted by the remodeling of the cranial bones. This factor affects the outcome of cranioplasty. Thus, it is essential to consider age in the planning phase of cranial repair, choice of the material, and critical comparison of results of different cranioplasty solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Frassanito
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pennisi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Caldarelli
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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18
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Diniz CDAF, Andrade MVFD, Silva BPAD, Duarte MLM, Donadon LV, Guimarães R, Guimarães M. A low cost stereophotogrammetric system for the evaluation of tridimensional head translations during visual tasks. J Med Eng Technol 2018; 42:411-419. [PMID: 30465695 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2018.1529203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple, low cost and easy-to-operate 3D stereophotogrammetry system was developed to measure the kinematic pattern of head stabilisation during visual tasks. The system differs from commercially available ones since it: (a) takes into account the gaze motor coordination characteristics and measures the head translations quantified at the point that best represents the translations caused by the eyes' movement during visual tasks, that is, the midpoint between the eyes; (b) offers minimum restriction to the head movement and minimum interference with it; (c) innovates when using the position coordinates produced by a free-online tracker software. The system was effective in recording the head movements and its RMS total error was 0.705 mm with ±0.808 mm standard deviation. This represents an RMS total error of 3.5%, considered satisfactory because it provided results with a confidence level higher than 95%. The system was effective to record differences in head movements of 11 individuals in open and closed eyes conditions and revealed the direction-specific feature of the head displacements size. The results showed that the system is a cost-effective and accurate alternative for studies needing to accurately measure head movements during visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Almeida Ferreira Diniz
- a LABBIO, DEMEC/UFMG: Bioengineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Faleiro de Andrade
- a LABBIO, DEMEC/UFMG: Bioengineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Bruno Philip Alves da Silva
- c DEMEC/UFMG: Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Machado Duarte
- d GRAVIHB/UFMG: Group of Acoustics and Vibration on Human Beings, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Lázaro Valentin Donadon
- d GRAVIHB/UFMG: Group of Acoustics and Vibration on Human Beings, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guimarães
- b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Márcia Guimarães
- b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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19
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Effect of head orthoses on skull deformities in positional plagiocephaly: Evaluation of a 3-dimensional approach. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:953-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Meyer-Marcotty P, Kunz F, Schweitzer T, Wachter B, Böhm H, Waßmuth N, Linz C. Cranial growth in infants─A longitudinal three-dimensional analysis of the first months of life. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:987-993. [PMID: 29709329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the first months of life, any deviation from a physiological growth pattern can cause skull deformity. As there has not been any longitudinal three-dimensional (3D) study investigating the physiological growth of the infant skull, the aim of the present study was to acquire such data. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed 3D stereophotogrammetric scans of 40 infants without cranial asymmetry at four regular 2-month intervals from the 4th to the 10th month of age. Six growth-related parameters (circumference, length, width, height, cephalic index [CI; width-length ratio] and total head volume) were used to analyse skull growth longitudinally. RESULTS With exception of the CI, all parameters showed significant increases, with maximum percentage growth from the 4th to the 6th month. The CI initially remained unchanged until the 6th month, before showing a significant reduction that continued throughout the study period. Male infants had larger heads than female infants, but a similar width-length ratio at all measurement times. CONCLUSION This prospective study is the first longitudinal 3D analysis to examine the physiological growth dynamics of infants' heads within the first months of life. Understanding patterns of skull growth in all three dimensions is important for gaining further insights into physiological and pathophysiological skull development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Philipp Meyer-Marcotty), University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Kunz
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Tilmann Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wachter
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Böhm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Nina Waßmuth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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21
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Cizmeci MN, Lequin M, Lichtenbelt KD, Chitayat D, Kannu P, James AG, Groenendaal F, Chakkarapani E, Blaser S, de Vries LS. Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of the Neonatal Brain in RASopathies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1146-1152. [PMID: 29622558 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroimaging features in neonates with RASopathies are rarely reported, and to date, there are no neuroimaging studies conducted in this population. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence of supratentorial and posterior fossa abnormalities on brain MRIs of neonates with a RASopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational case-control study of neonates with a confirmed RASopathy was conducted. The presence of an intraventricular and/or parenchymal hemorrhage and punctate white matter lesions and assessments of the splenium of the corpus callosum, gyrification of the cortical gray matter, and enlargement of the extracerebral space were noted. The vermis height, transverse cerebellar diameter, cranial base angle, tentorial angle, and infratentorial angle were measured. RESULTS We reviewed 48 brain MR studies performed at 3 academic centers in 3 countries between 2009 and 2017. Sixteen of these infants had a genetically confirmed RASopathy (group 1), and 32 healthy infants were enrolled as the control group (group 2). An increased rate of white matter lesions, extracerebral space enlargement, simplification of the cortical gyrification, and white matter abnormalities were seen in group 1 (P < .001, for each). The vermis height of patients was significantly lower, and tentorial and infratentorial angles were significantly higher in group 1 (P = .01, P < .001, and P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Neonates with a RASopathy had characteristic structural and acquired abnormalities in the cortical gray matter, white matter, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and posterior fossa. This study provides novel neuroimaging findings on supratentorial and posterior fossa abnormalities in neonates with a RASopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Cizmeci
- From the Departments of Neonatology (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.).,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.)
| | - M Lequin
- Pediatric Radiology (M.L.), Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K D Lichtenbelt
- Department of Medical Genetics (K.D.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Chitayat
- Divisions of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (D.C., P.K.).,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiology and Molecular Genetics (D.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Kannu
- Divisions of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics (D.C., P.K.)
| | | | - F Groenendaal
- From the Departments of Neonatology (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.).,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.)
| | - E Chakkarapani
- Division of Neonatology (E.C.), School of Clinical Sciences, St Michael's Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Blaser
- Neuroradiology (S.B.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L S de Vries
- From the Departments of Neonatology (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.) .,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (M.N.C., F.G., L.S.d.V.)
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22
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Does shape affect function? Articulatory skills in babbling of infants with deformational plagiocephaly. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:503-510. [PMID: 28875353 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyse pre-speech/early language skills in healthy full-term infants with moderate or severe deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and in infants without any skull asymmetry. METHODS At 6 and 12 months, 51 children with DP (41 moderate, 10 severe cases) were studied, along with 15 infants serving as control. Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) was objectively determined based on cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) using 3D stereophotogrammetry (3dMDhead System® and Analytics 4.0, Cranioform®). Articulatory skills in babbling were assessed using the articulatory skill (ART-index) and mean syllable number (MSN). At 12 months, standardized parental questionnaires were used to evaluate early language outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 3546 vocalizations were studied. Statistical tests did not reveal any significant differences of the ART-index between the three groups (ANOVA, F[2,63] = 0.24, p = 0.24). MSN likewise did not differ between the three shape groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.84). Among the children assigned to the at-risk group for language outcomes at 12 months were seven members of the symmetrical shape group (vs. seven assigned to the normally developing group), nine of the moderate DP group (vs. 27), and one of the severe DP group (vs. six). Fisher's exact test was used to analyse whether helmet therapy in the moderate DP group affected the results by influencing language outcomes, but did not reveal any significant influence (p = 0.712). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support arguments suggesting that DP is a cognitive risk condition. The suggestion that a direct neurophysiological relationship exists between a DP condition and a cognitive developmental delay remains controversial.
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23
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Martini M, Klausing A, Lüchters G, Heim N, Messing-Jünger M. Head circumference - a useful single parameter for skull volume development in cranial growth analysis? Head Face Med 2018; 14:3. [PMID: 29321071 PMCID: PMC5764008 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The measurement of maximal head circumference is a standard procedure in the examination of childrens’ cranial growth and brain development. The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity of maximal head circumference to cranial volume in the first year of life using a new method which includes ear-to-ear over the head distance and maximal cranial length measurement. Methods 3D surface scans for cranial volume assessment were conducted in this method comparison study of 44 healthy Caucasian children (29 male, 15 female) at the ages of 4 and 12 months. Results Cranial volume increased from measurements made at 4 months to 12 months of age by an average of 1174 ± 106 to 1579 ± 79 ml. Maximal cranial circumference increased from 43.4 ± 9 cm to 46.9 ± 7 cm and the ear-to ear measurement increased from 26.3 ± 21 cm to 31.6 ± 18 cm at the same time points. There was a monotone association between maximal head circumference (HC) and increase in volume, yet a backwards inference from maximal circumference to the volume had a predictive value of only 78% (adjusted R2). Including the additional measurement of distance from ear to ear strengthened the ability of the model to predict the true value attained to 90%. The addition of the parameter skull length appeared to be negligible. Conclusion The results demonstrate that for a distinct improvement in the evaluation of a physiological cranial volume development, the additional measurement of the ear-to ear distance using a measuring tape is expedient, and, especially for cases with pathological skull changes, such as craniosynostosis, ought to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Martini
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, D - 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anne Klausing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guido Lüchters
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Heim
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Messing-Jünger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Children's Hospital, Arnold-Janssen-Str. 29, 53757, Sankt Augustin, Germany
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24
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Senoo T, Tokuyama E, Yamada K, Kimata Y. Determination of reference values for normal cranial morphology by using mid-sagittal vector analysis in Japanese children. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 71:670-680. [PMID: 29284567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mid-Sagittal Vector Analysis (MSVA) is a method of measuring the distance from a defined central point on the skull surface in the entire mid-sagittal plane and provides a clear description of the lateral view of the skull. We used a series of images of normal skulls of Japanese children to determine normal MSVA values. For this cross-sectional study, we first constructed a database of head CT and MRI images of children aged 0-6 years (41.5 ± 24.9 month (mean ± SD)) who showed no abnormality of cranial development and growth at the time of imaging. Measurement errors due to lateral shifting of the sagittal plane during MSVA were examined, CT and MRI images taken in the same patients at the same time were compared, and measurement differences were examined. Finally, MSVA was carried out, and the mean of the measured values was calculated according to age group. Two hundred ninety-five images were included in the database. When the lateral shifting of the sagittal plane was within 4 mm from the true mid-sagittal plane, the mean errors were less than 1 mm at all measurement points. Between the CT and MRI images from the same patients, most differences in MSVA values were within ±1 mm. These differences were thus acceptable for use in clinical settings. After the above verifications, 220 images were extracted for determination of normal MSVA values. We established a normal dataset of MSVA for Japanese children that can be used effectively for preoperative diagnosis, surgery planning, and postoperative assessment of cranial deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Senoo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Japan.
| | - Eijiro Tokuyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Okayama, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Japan
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25
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Wermke K, Linz C, Hasenberg A, Kunz F, Meyer-Marcotty P, Schweitzer T. Six month-old infants with deformational plagiocephaly do not differ from unaffected infants with respect to vocal control. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 102:15-20. [PMID: 29106864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recommendation of a supine sleeping position led to a significant reduction of SIDS, but increased positional skull deformities (DP). Here, a quantitative analysis of babbling aims to complement previous studies of language-relevant competence based on items of the Bayley-scales that suggested the presence of developmental language delays in DP infants. Measures of fundamental frequency variability as proxies for vocal control are well suited for testing this assumption, since the laryngeal neuro-muscular system matures early and is coupled with brain function while working rapidly in coordinating the structures and mechanisms involved in infant sound production. METHODS Sixty-six healthy, full-term infants with normal hearing and a monolingual background took part: (1) moderately asymmetrical DP group - N = 41; 21 male; (2) severely asymmetrical DP group - N = 10; 8 male; and (3) controls - N = 15; 5 male (group assignment based on stereophotogrammetric 360° scans). Fundamental frequency (fo) measures were taken as proxies for vocal control skills during babbling. RESULTS A MANOVA revealed no significant multivariate effect for the shape group, Wilks' λ = 0.86, F(2, 63) = 1.21, p = 0.30, η2 = 0.07 (medium effect-size). The results do not support previous findings based on Bayley scale evaluations that suggested a negative impact of DP on language development during infancy. CONCLUSIONS A strong link between DP and brain dysfunction affecting vocal control, which would cause deviations in otherwise healthy DP infants, was not observed. Objective long-term studies of sound production are necessary to identify and/or understand the potential consequences of DP on early language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Wermke
- Center for Prespeech Development & Developmental Disorders, Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Specialist for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenberg
- Center for Prespeech Development & Developmental Disorders, Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Kunz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tilmann Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Gajawelli N, Deoni S, Shi J, Dirks H, Linguraru MG, Nelson MD, Wang Y, Lepore N. Cranial thickness changes in early childhood. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 10572. [PMID: 31178620 DOI: 10.1117/12.2286736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The neurocranium changes rapidly in early childhood to accommodate the developing brain. However, developmental disorders may cause abnormal growth of the neurocranium, the most common one being craniosynostosis, affecting about 1 in 2000 children. It is important to understand how the brain and neurocranium develop together to understand the role of the neurocranium in neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the neurocranium is not as well studied as the human brain in early childhood, due to a lack of imaging data. CT is typically employed to investigate the cranium, but, due to ionizing radiation, may only be used for clinical cases. However, the neurocranium is also visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we used a large dataset of MRI images from healthy children in the age range of 1 to 2 years old and extracted the neurocranium. A conformal geometry based analysis pipeline is implemented to determine a set of statistical atlases of the neurocranium. A growth model of the neurocranium will help us understand cranial bone and suture development with respect to the brain, which will in turn inform better treatment strategies for neurocranial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Research, Children's Hospital Colorado, CO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Computer Science, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Holly Dirks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Marius George Linguraru
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington DC.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC
| | - Marvin D Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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Aarnivala H, Vuollo V, Heikkinen T, Harila V, Holmström L, Pirttiniemi P, Valkama AM. Accuracy of measurements used to quantify cranial asymmetry in deformational plagiocephaly. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:1349-1356. [PMID: 28615136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various measurements are used to quantify cranial asymmetry in deformational plagiocephaly (DP), but studies validating cut-off values and comparing the accuracy of such measurements are lacking. In this study, we compared the accuracy of four different measurements in classifying children with and without DP diagnosed by visual assessment, and sought to determine their optimal cut-off values. STUDY DESIGN Two experts rated 407 3D craniofacial images of children aged between 3 and 36 months old using the Argenta classification. We then measured the following asymmetry-related variables from the images: Oblique Cranial Length Ratio (OCLR), Diagonal Difference (DD), Posterior Cranial Asymmetry Index (PCAI), and weighted Asymmetry Score (wAS). We created receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the accuracy of these variables. RESULTS All variables performed well, but OCLR consistently provided the best discrimination in terms of area under the curve values. Subject's age had no clear effect on the cut-off values for OCLR, PCAI, and wAS; however, the cut-off for DD increased monotonically with age. When subjects with discrepant expert ratings were excluded, the optimal cut-off values for DP (Argenta class ≥ 1) across all age-groups were 104.0% for OCLR (83% sensitivity, 97% specificity), 10.5% for PCAI (90% sensitivity, 90% specificity), and 24.5 for wAS (88% sensitivity, 90% specificity). CONCLUSION We recommend using OCLR as the primary measurement, although PCAI and wAS may also be useful in monitoring cranial asymmetry. The threshold of relative asymmetry required for a deformation to appear clinically significant is not affected by the child's age, and DD has no additional utility in monitoring DP compared to using only OCLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Aarnivala
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lasse Holmström
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Marita Valkama
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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28
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Beaumont CA, Knoops PG, Borghi A, Jeelani NO, Koudstaal MJ, Schievano S, Dunaway DJ, Rodriguez-Florez N. Three-dimensional surface scanners compared with standard anthropometric measurements for head shape. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:921-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Aarnivala H, Vuollo V, Harila V, Heikkinen T, Pirttiniemi P, Holmström L, Valkama AM. The course of positional cranial deformation from 3 to 12 months of age and associated risk factors: a follow-up with 3D imaging. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1893-1903. [PMID: 27624627 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deformational plagiocephaly is reported in up to 46.6 % of healthy infants, with the highest point prevalence at around 3 months of age. Few prospective studies on the natural course of skull deformation have been conducted, and we know of no studies using 3D imaging starting from the highest point prevalence period. In this prospective, population-based cohort study, we describe the course of cranial asymmetry and shape in an unselected population using 3D stereophotogrammetry and investigate factors associated with late cranial deformation and failure to recover from previous deformation. We evaluated 99 infants at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. We acquired 3D craniofacial images and performed structured clinical examinations and parental interviews at each visit. Eight outcome variables, representing different aspects of cranial shape, were calculated from a total of 288 3D images. Scores of asymmetry-related variables improved throughout the observation period. However, the rate of correction for cranial asymmetry decreased as the infants grew older, also in relation to the rate of head growth, and a significant amount of asymmetry was still present at 12 months. Positional preference at 3 months predicted an unfavorable course of cranial asymmetry after 3 months, increasing the risk for DP persisting. What is known: • The prevalence of deformational plagiocephaly spontaneously decreases after the first months of life. • Limited neck range of motion and infant positional preference increase the risk of deformational plagiocephaly during the first months of life. What is new: • Positional preference at 3 months predicts an unfavorable spontaneous course of deformation also from three to 12 months of age, presenting a potential target for screening and treatment. • The spontaneous rate of correction for cranial asymmetry decreases after 6 months of age, also in relation to the rate of head growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Aarnivala
- Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lasse Holmström
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Marita Valkama
- Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Vuollo V, Holmström L, Aarnivala H, Harila V, Heikkinen T, Pirttiniemi P, Valkama AM. Analyzing infant head flatness and asymmetry using kernel density estimation of directional surface data from a craniofacial 3D model. Stat Med 2016; 35:4891-4904. [PMID: 27383684 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Infant skull deformation is analyzed using the distribution of head normal vector directions computed from a 3D image. Severity of flatness and asymmetry are quantified by functionals of the kernel estimate of the normal vector direction density. Using image data from 99 infants and clinical deformation ratings made by experts, our approach is compared with some recently suggested methods. The results show that the proposed method performs competitively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Vuollo
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lasse Holmström
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Aarnivala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Marita Valkama
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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31
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Assessment of facial soft-tissue profiles based on lateral photographs versus three-dimensional face scans. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 78:70-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Normative Velopharyngeal Data in Infants: Implications for Treatment of Cleft Palate. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:1430-9. [PMID: 27607114 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying normative data related to velopharyngeal muscles and structures may have clinical significance for infants born with cleft palate, especially as they relate to selection of surgical intervention and postsurgical outcomes. Previous studies suggest that patients whose anatomy postsurgically is dissimilar to that of their normative counterparts are at risk for hypernasal speech. However, studies have not documented what constitutes "normal" anatomy for the clinically relevant population-that is, the infant population. The purpose of this study is to examine a magnetic resonance imaging database (n = 29) related to normative velopharyngeal structures and provide a preliminary comparison to 2 selected patients with repaired cleft palate. Twenty-nine healthy infants between 9 and 23 months of age (mean = 15.2 months) with normal craniofacial and velopharyngeal anatomy were recruited to participate in this study. Normative data were compared to 2 infants with repaired cleft palate between 13 and 15 months of age (mean = 14 months). Quantitative craniometric and velopharyngeal measures from the sagittal and oblique coronal image planes were collected. Variables of interest included: levator muscle, velar, and craniometric measures. Females demonstrated significantly larger intravelar segments compared with males. White infants demonstrated significantly larger levator muscles compared to non-white infants. Infants with repaired cleft palate demonstrated increased overall levator muscle length and levator extravelar length compared with infants with normal velopharyngeal anatomy.Data from the present study provide a normative database for future investigators to utilize as a comparative tool when evaluating infants with normal and abnormal velopharyngeal anatomy.
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33
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Rehder R, Yang E, Cohen AR. Variation of the slope of the tentorium during childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:441-50. [PMID: 26362679 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neural structures in the posterior fossa grow at different rates during development. While there are computationally intensive approaches to analyze growth of the cerebellum and brainstem, there is a paucity of information about summary measures of normal posterior fossa development suitable for real-time clinical use. The present study investigates changes in the trajectory of the tentorium as measured by the occipital and tentorial angles at different stages of development. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted drawing from a Boston Children's Hospital database of over 1500 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The imaging study population included fetuses older than 20 gestational weeks and children between the ages of 0 and 10 years. Two parameters were measured for all subjects: (1) the tentorial angle (the angle between the tentorium and a line from the internal occipital protuberance to the tuberculum sellae) and (2) the occipital angle (the angle between the tentorium and a line from the internal occipital protuberance to the opisthion). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the study cohort. RESULTS We reviewed 1510 brain MRI studies, and 367 studies met the inclusion criteria (125 fetal and 242 postnatal studies). During fetal development, the inclination of the tentorium showed an ascending course, while it plateaus after birth. CONCLUSIONS During the second and third trimesters, the tentorial and occipital angles steadily increase reflecting the dynamic growth of the posterior fossa structures. Postnatally, the tentorial angle decreases and the tentorium slopes downward and plateaus, possibly due to stabilization of posterior fossa development and ongoing growth of the cerebrum. Together, these findings suggest that the tentorial angle can serve as an imaging biomarker of posterior fossa development during the second half of fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rehder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Seeberger R, Hoffmann J, Freudlsperger C, Berger M, Bodem J, Horn D, Engel M. Intracranial volume (ICV) in isolated sagittal craniosynostosis measured by 3D photocephalometry: A new perspective on a controversial issue. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:626-31. [PMID: 27017102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still controversies regarding the intracranial volumes in patients with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis compared to a healthy population. This study aimed to compare the intracranial volume of children with sagittal synostosis and scaphocephaly to an age- and gender-matched control cohort using three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry. METHODS 62 boys and nine girls with sagittal craniosynostosis were included in this study. The intracranial volume was measured at the first clinical presentation. However, 3D photogrammetry was performed at children not younger than 3 months. The 3D photogrammetric data of 547 healthy boys and 287 healthy girls between the ages of 3-10 month was analyzed to establish an age- and gender-matched control group. RESULTS Male patients with sagittal synostosis showed a significantly reduced intracranial volume compared to the reference group. For female patients, the intracranial volume was slightly lower compared to the norm group, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Male children with sagittal synostosis showed significantly decreased intracranial volume between the age of 3 and 10 months compared to an age- and gender-matched control group. Female patients in the same age group presented a lower intracranial volume compared to the norm group. Measuring intracranial volume using 3D photogrammetry is a comparable and valuable alternative to CT scans that leads to a significant reduction of radiation exposure to the growing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seeberger
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hoffmann
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Freudlsperger
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Berger
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Bodem
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Horn
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Engel
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kluba S, Roßkopf F, Kraut W, Peters JP, Calgeer B, Reinert S, Krimmel M. Malocclusion in the primary dentition in children with and without deformational plagiocephaly. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2395-2401. [PMID: 26795625 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asymmetries of the jaw and orthodontic abnormalities are suspected as long-term consequences of positional cranial deformity. But only few data exist on this issue. As plagiocephaly is a common problem in infancy, potential functional impairments should be investigated to initiate appropriate measures if necessary. The aim of our study was to compare the orthodontic situation in primary dentition of children with positional plagiocephaly and children without cranial deformities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty children treated by helmet therapy for plagiocephaly and 50 non-affected children (age 1.98-5.69 years) were examined in a cross-sectional study. Orthodontic parameters of all dimensions were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS Children of the plagiocephalic group showed more often orthodontic alterations compared to the others. Especially the frequencies of a class II malocclusion (36 vs. 14 %), an edge-to edge bite (28 vs. 12 %), and deviations of the midline (38 vs. 16 %) were conspicuous. However, none of the differences was significant (p > 0.003). Of all observed mandibular asymmetries, 69 % appeared as a shift to the contralateral side of the former flattened occipital region. CONCLUSION Positional head deformity might be associated in some cases with a higher prevalence of occlusal abnormalities in primary dentition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Positional plagiocephaly interfaces medicine and dentistry. As it is a common disorder, this etiology has to be considered in the prevention and therapy of malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kluba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Roßkopf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Kraut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Peters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Calgeer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Siegmar Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Krimmel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Öhman A. A Craniometer with a Headband Can Be a Reliable Tool to Measure Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly in Clinical Practice. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.812128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Preventing deformational plagiocephaly through parent guidance: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1197-208. [PMID: 25823758 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) occurs frequently in otherwise healthy infants. Many infants with DP undergo physiotherapy or helmet therapy, and ample treatment-related research is available. However, the possibility of preventing DP has been left with little attention. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention in the newborn's environment, positioning, and handling on the prevalence of DP at 3 months and to investigate the causal relationship between DP and cervical imbalance. We carried out a randomized controlled trial, with healthy newborns randomized into two groups at birth. All families received standard positioning instructions to prevent SIDS. Additionally, the intervention group received detailed instructions regarding the infant's environment, positioning, and handling, with the goal of creating a nonrestrictive environment that promotes spontaneous physical movement and symmetrical motor development. Two- and three-dimensional photogrammetry served to assess cranial shape and goniometry to measure cervical motion. At 3 months, the prevalence of DP was lower in the intervention group in both 2D (11 vs 31 %) and 3D analyses (15 vs 33 %), and the asymmetry was milder in the intervention group. Infants with DP at follow-up had also developed more torticollis. CONCLUSION An early educational intervention reduces the prevalence and severity of DP at 3 months. WHAT IS KNOWN •Deformational plagiocephaly, often with associated torticollis, is common in healthy infants. •Parental education is frequently recommended for preventing deformational plagiocephaly, although information regarding the effectiveness of preventive strategies is scarce. WHAT IS NEW •Early parent guidance effectively reduces the prevalence and severity of DP and improves the cervical range of motion at three months. •Educating both parents and professionals about proper infant positioning on a national scale could help minimize public healthcare costs.
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Freudlsperger C, Steinmacher S, Bächli H, Somlo E, Hoffmann J, Engel M. Metopic synostosis: Measuring intracranial volume change following fronto-orbital advancement using three-dimensional photogrammetry. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:593-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Koudelová J, Brůžek J, Cagáňová V, Krajíček V, Velemínská J. Development of facial sexual dimorphism in children aged between 12 and 15 years: a three-dimensional longitudinal study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2015; 18:175-84. [PMID: 25958883 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sexual dimorphism of facial form and shape and to describe differences between the average female and male face from 12 to 15 years. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Overall 120 facial scans from healthy Caucasian children (17 boys, 13 girls) were longitudinally evaluated over a 4-year period between the ages of 12 and 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Facial surface scans were obtained using a three-dimensional optical scanner Vectra-3D. Variation in facial shape and form was evaluated using geometric morphometric and statistical methods (DCA, PCA and permutation test). Average faces were superimposed, and the changes were evaluated using colour-coded maps. RESULTS There were no significant sex differences (p > 0.05) in shape in any age category and no differences in form in the 12- and 13-year-olds, as the female faces were within the area of male variability. From the age of 14, a slight separation occurred, which was statistically confirmed. The differences were mainly associated with size. Generally boys had more prominent eyebrow ridges, more deeply set eyes, a flatter cheek area, and a more prominent nose and chin area. CONCLUSION The development of facial sexual dimorphism during pubertal growth is connected with ontogenetic allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koudelová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé et UMR 5809 du CNRS-PACEA, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France
| | - V Cagáňová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Krajíček
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Software and Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Treatment of positional plagiocephaly--helmet or no helmet? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:683-8. [PMID: 24238984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positional plagiocephaly has attained widespread attention. There is a lot of data on helmet therapy available, but the natural course of the deformity has not been investigated in depth. The decision for or against helmet therapy can be controversial. This study examined the outcome of both options. METHODS 128 infants were enrolled in this prospective, non-randomized, longitudinal study. 62 were treated with and 66 without a helmet. The initial cranial vault asymmetry index (modified CVAI) was determined at 6.3 and 6.2 months of age (SD 1.44/2.14). Follow-up took place at the end of helmet therapy (age: 10.2 months, SD 1.77) or after 1 year (age: 18.5 months, SD 2.28) respectively. The outcome and the correlation of the changes to the initial asymmetry were compared. RESULTS All infants showed a significant reduction of their plagiocephaly. Although children with helmet had more severe asymmetry initially, they showed significantly better improvement (68% vs. 31%). Only a weak correlation was found between the initial asymmetry and the amount of improvement in both groups. CONCLUSION Despite concerns against helmet therapy (comfort, finances), it should be the treatment of choice for moderate to severe cases. Only mild cases (modified CVAI ≤ 6.5%) can be adequately treated by conservative, i.e. non-helmet, management.
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