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Mehta VS, Ma Y, Wijesuriya N, DeVere F, Howell S, Elliott MK, Mannkakara NN, Hamakarim T, Wong T, O'Brien H, Niederer S, Razavi R, Rinaldi CA. Enhancing transvenous lead extraction risk prediction: Integrating imaging biomarkers into machine learning models. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)00133-4. [PMID: 38354872 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning (ML) models have been proposed to predict risk related to transvenous lead extraction (TLE). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test whether integrating imaging data into an existing ML model increases its ability to predict major adverse events (MAEs; procedure-related major complications and procedure-related deaths) and lengthy procedures (≥100 minutes). METHODS We hypothesized certain features-(1) lead angulation, (2) coil percentage inside the superior vena cava (SVC), and (3) number of overlapping leads in the SVC-detected from a pre-TLE plain anteroposterior chest radiograph (CXR) would improve prediction of MAE and long procedural times. A deep-learning convolutional neural network was developed to automatically detect these CXR features. RESULTS A total of 1050 cases were included, with 24 MAEs (2.3%) . The neural network was able to detect (1) heart border with 100% accuracy; (2) coils with 98% accuracy; and (3) acute angle in the right ventricle and SVC with 91% and 70% accuracy, respectively. The following features significantly improved MAE prediction: (1) ≥50% coil within the SVC; (2) ≥2 overlapping leads in the SVC; and (3) acute lead angulation. Balanced accuracy (0.74-0.87), sensitivity (68%-83%), specificity (72%-91%), and area under the curve (AUC) (0.767-0.962) all improved with imaging biomarkers. Prediction of lengthy procedures also improved: balanced accuracy (0.76-0.86), sensitivity (75%-85%), specificity (63%-87%), and AUC (0.684-0.913). CONCLUSION Risk prediction tools integrating imaging biomarkers significantly increases the ability of ML models to predict risk of MAE and long procedural time related to TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Mehta
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - YingLiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeev Wijesuriya
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity DeVere
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Howell
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark K Elliott
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nilanka N Mannkakara
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Hamakarim
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wong
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Razavi
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom
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Whearty L, Lever N, Martin A. Transvenous Lead Extraction: Outcomes From a Single Centre Providing a National Service for New Zealand. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1115-1121. [PMID: 37271619 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing demand for cardiac implantable electronic devices there is a parallel increase in the need for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Due to its small population, all TLE procedures in New Zealand are currently performed in a single centre, Auckland City Hospital. We analysed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of those undergoing TLE since this service was established. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-centre cohort study of all TLE procedures between October 2015 and December 2021. Definitions from the European Lead Extraction Controlled study, Heart Rhythm Society, European Heart Rhythm Association consensus documents were used. RESULTS A total of 247 patients had 480 leads extracted, averaging 40 TLE procedures annually. Patients had a median lead dwell time of 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 3-11) years, 60 (13%) of leads had been in-situ >15 years, median age 61 (IQR 48-70) years, 73 (30%) female, 28 (11%) Māori, 23 (9%) Pasifika. Lead dysfunction (115 patients, 47%) and infection (90 patients, 37%) were the most common indications for TLE. Complete clinical and radiological success was achieved for 96% and 95%, respectively. Procedure-related complications occurred in 16 (7%) patients. Major intra-procedure complications occurred in 5 patients (2%), including 2 (1%) deaths. Death within one year of TLE occurred in 13 (26%) with systemic infection, 5 (3%) with local infection, and 5 (3%) with non-infection indications for TLE, p <0.01. CONCLUSIONS TLE is associated with high radiographic and clinical success, low complication, and low mortality rate. At our single centre providing a national service, TLE outcomes are comparable with those achieved internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whearty
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Lever
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Green Lane Cardiovascular Services, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora | Te Toka Tumai-Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Martin
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Services, Auckland City Hospital, Te Whatu Ora | Te Toka Tumai-Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Hofer D, Kuster N, Bebié MC, Sasse T, Steffel J, Breitenstein A. Success and Complication Rates of Transvenous Lead Extraction in a Developing High-Volume Extraction Center: The Zurich Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062260. [PMID: 36983262 PMCID: PMC10051593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transvenous lead extractions are increasingly performed for malfunction or infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices, but they harvest a potential for complications and suboptimal success. Apart from multicenter registries and reports from highly experienced single centers, the outcome in individual newly developing high-volume centers starting a lead extraction program is less well established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological success and complication rate at our center, having started a lead extraction program less than a decade ago. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction at the University Hospital Zurich from 2013 to 2021 regarding success as well as complications and compared our results to previously reported outcome rates. Results: A total of 346 patients underwent 350 transvenous lead extractions from January 2013 to December 2021. Combined radiological success was achieved in 97.7% and clinical success in 96.0% of interventions. Procedure-related major complications occurred in 13 patients (3.7%). Death within 30 days after transvenous lead extractions occurred in 13 patients (3.7%), with a procedure-related mortality of 1.4% (five patients). Summary: Transvenous lead extractions in newly developing high-volume centers can be performed with high clinical and radiological success rates, but procedure-related major complications may affect a relevant number of patients. Compared to large single or multicenter registries of experienced centers, the success rate may be lower and the complication rate higher in centers newly starting with lead extraction, which may have important implications for patient selection, procedural planning, proctoring, and safety measures.
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Teixeira RA, Fagundes AA, Baggio Junior JM, Oliveira JCD, Medeiros PDTJ, Valdigem BP, Teno LAC, Silva RT, Melo CSD, Elias Neto J, Moraes Júnior AV, Pedrosa AAA, Porto FM, Brito Júnior HLD, Souza TGSE, Mateos JCP, Moraes LGBD, Forno ARJD, D'Avila ALB, Cavaco DADM, Kuniyoshi RR, Pimentel M, Camanho LEM, Saad EB, Zimerman LI, Oliveira EB, Scanavacca MI, Martinelli Filho M, Lima CEBD, Peixoto GDL, Darrieux FCDC, Duarte JDOP, Galvão Filho SDS, Costa ERB, Mateo EIP, Melo SLD, Rodrigues TDR, Rocha EA, Hachul DT, Lorga Filho AM, Nishioka SAD, Gadelha EB, Costa R, Andrade VSD, Torres GG, Oliveira Neto NRD, Lucchese FA, Murad H, Wanderley Neto J, Brofman PRS, Almeida RMS, Leal JCF. Brazilian Guidelines for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220892. [PMID: 36700596 PMCID: PMC10389103 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Tavares Silva
- Universidade de Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, SP - Brasil
- Centro Universitário Municipal de Franca (Uni-FACEF), Franca, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Elias Neto
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES - Brasil
| | - Antonio Vitor Moraes Júnior
- Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP - Brasil
- Unimed de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP - Brasil
| | - Anisio Alexandre Andrade Pedrosa
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Gustavo Belo de Moraes
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Pimentel
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Benchimol Saad
- Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Samaritano, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Ibrahim Scanavacca
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Martino Martinelli Filho
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Batista de Lima
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI - Brasil
- Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Brasília, DF - Brasil
| | | | - Francisco Carlos da Costa Darrieux
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sissy Lara De Melo
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Arrais Rocha
- Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
| | - Denise Tessariol Hachul
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Silvana Angelina D'Orio Nishioka
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Gustavo Gomes Torres
- Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN - Brasil
| | | | | | - Henrique Murad
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Rui M S Almeida
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR - Brasil
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Atteya G, Alston M, Sweat A, Saleh M, Beldner S, Mitra R, Willner J, John RM, Epstein LM. Same-day discharge after transvenous lead extraction: feasibility and outcomes. Europace 2022; 25:586-590. [PMID: 36575941 PMCID: PMC9934987 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Same-day discharge (SDD) is safe for patients undergoing electrophysiology procedures. There is no existing data regarding SDD for patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE). We report our experience with SDD for patients undergoing TLE. METHODS AND RESULTS The study group included patients undergoing TLE between February 2020 and July 2021 without an infectious indication. A modified SDD protocol for device implants/ablations was applied to TLE patients. Patient characteristics, extraction details, outcomes, and complications were reviewed. Of 239 patients undergoing TLE, 210 were excluded (94 infections and 116 did not meet SDD criteria). Of the remaining 29 patients, seven stayed due to patient preference and 22 were discharged home the same day. The SDD group had an average age of 65.9 ± 12 (47-84), 41% female, and LVEF of 52.2 ± 18% (10-80). The indication for TLE was malfunction (20), upgrade (4), advisory lead (2), and magnetic resonance imaging compatibility (1). Extractions included four implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), 17 pacemakers (PPM), and one cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-P system. The leads were 9.6 years (1.5-21.7) old, and 1.8 leads were removed per patient (1-3); the lead extraction difficulty (LED) score was 11.6 ± 7. Twenty underwent cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) re-implantation (2 ICD, 3 CRT-D, 13 PPM, and 2 CRT-P). For CIED re-implants, patients sent a remote transmission the next day, and all patients received a next-day call. There were no procedure or device-related issues, morbidities, or mortalities in the 30 days after discharge. CONCLUSION Same-day discharge after TLE for non-infectious aetiologies is safe and feasible in a select group of patients with early procedure completion who meet strict SDD criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourg Atteya
- Corresponding author. Tel: 516 562-1430, Fax: 516 562-3978, E-mail address:
| | - Michael Alston
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Austin Sweat
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Moussa Saleh
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Stuart Beldner
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Raman Mitra
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jonathan Willner
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Roy M John
- Stanford School of Medicine Cardiology, 300 Pasteur Drive, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurence M Epstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Gelves-Meza J, Lang RM, Valderrama-Achury MD, Zamorano JL, Vargas-Acevedo C, Medina HM, Salazar G. Tricuspid Regurgitation Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: An Integrative Review. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2022; 35:1107-1122. [PMID: 35964911 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices, including permanent pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy, has dramatically increased in recent years. The interaction between the device lead and tricuspid valve leaflets is a potential cause of tricuspid regurgitation which in turn has an impact on morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is necessary for grading of tricuspid regurgitation severity. The use of three-dimensional imaging helps determine whether the device lead is interfering with normal leaflet coaptation. Early identification of lead-related tricuspid regurgitation is critical to select the optimal treatment, which may include lead extraction or even tricuspid valve repair/replacement in severe cases. This review aims to provide a thorough assessment of the evidence about lead-associated tricuspid regurgitation, the benefits of using 3D echocardiography with some technical considerations, and finally, propose a treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Gelves-Meza
- Cardiologist, Echocardiography Laboratory, Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología. Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiac Imaging Center, the University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Catalina Vargas-Acevedo
- Pediatrician, Research Assistant, Institute of Congenital Heart Disease. Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hector Manuel Medina
- Cardiologist, Section Head, Cardiac Imaging. Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Salazar
- Cardiologist, Section Head, Echocardiography Laboratory. Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología. Bogotá, Colombia
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Callahan TD. Looking for Lead Adhesions While Planning for Transvenous Lead Extraction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:1041-1044. [PMID: 35245950 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The first implantable pacemaker was placed in the 1958, ushering in a new frontier of cardiovascular medicine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Callahan
- Director, Inpatient Electrophysiology Service, Associate Program Director, Cardiovascular Medicine Fellowship.,Cleveland Clinic, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Soontornmanokati N, Sirikhamkorn C, Methachittiphan N, Chintanavilas K, Apakuppakul S, Ngarmukos T, Apiyasawat S, Lohawijarn W, Chandanamattha P. Transvenous Lead Extraction (TLE) Procedure: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Thailand. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2022; 22:123-128. [PMID: 35219811 PMCID: PMC9091722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transvenous Lead Extraction (TLE) is a standard treatment for some late Cardiac Implantable Electronics Device (CIED) complications. The outcome of transvenous lead extraction procedure in Thailand is not robust. Methods A Single-center retrospective cohort of TLE procedures performed at Ramathibodi hospital between January 2008 and December 2020 was studied. Results There were 157 leads from 105 patients who underwent lead removal procedure during the specified period. Data analysis was performed from 79 TLE patients due to incomplete data and lead explant procedure of the excluded subjects. Mean patients’ age was 57.7 ± 18.7 years, with 70.9% male. There were 82 pacemaker leads, 35 ICD leads, and 5 CS leads (mean number of leads were 1.54 ± 0.66 per patient), with mean implanted duration of 87.8 ± 68.2 months. Main indication for TLE was infection-related, which accounted for 67.1% of the cases. Overall clinical success rate was 97.5%. Mean operative time was 163.8 ± 69.5 min. Major complications occurred in 4 patients (5.1%) with one in-hospital mortality from severe sepsis. Conclusion TLE using laser sheath and rotating mechanical sheath for transvenous lead extraction is effective and safe, even outside high-volume center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcha Soontornmanokati
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chulaporn Sirikhamkorn
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nilubon Methachittiphan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kumpol Chintanavilas
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sanatcha Apakuppakul
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tachapong Ngarmukos
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sirin Apiyasawat
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Wachara Lohawijarn
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pakorn Chandanamattha
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Mehta VS, O'Brien H, Elliott MK, Wijesuriya N, Auricchio A, Ayis S, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Bongiorni MG, Butter C, Deharo JC, Gould J, Kennergren C, Kuck KH, Kutarski A, Leclercq C, Maggioni AP, Sidhu BS, Wong T, Niederer S, Rinaldi CA. Machine learning-derived major adverse event prediction of patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction: Using the ESC EHRA EORP European lead extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:885-893. [PMID: 35490083 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) remains a high-risk procedure. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML)-based risk stratification system to predict the risk of major adverse events (MAEs) after TLE. A MAE was defined as procedure-related major complication and procedure-related death. METHODS We designed and evaluated an ML-based risk stratification system trained using the European Lead Extraction ConTRolled (ELECTRa) registry to predict the risk of MAEs in 3555 patients undergoing TLE and tested this on an independent registry of 1171 patients. ML models were developed, including a self-normalizing neural network (SNN), stepwise logistic regression model ("stepwise model"), support vector machines, and random forest model. These were compared with the ELECTRa Registry Outcome Score (EROS) for MAEs. RESULTS There were 53 MAEs (1.7%) in the training cohort and 24 (2.4%) in the test cohort. Thirty-two clinically important features were used to train the models. ML techniques were similar to EROS by balanced accuracy (stepwise model: 0.74 vs EROS: 0.70) and superior by area under the curve (support vector machines: 0.764 vs EROS: 0.677). The SNN provided a finite risk for MAE and accurately identified MAE in 14 of 169 "high (>80%) risk" patients (8.3%) and no MAEs in all 198 "low (<20%) risk" patients (100%). CONCLUSION ML models incrementally improved risk prediction for identifying those at risk of MAEs. The SNN has the additional advantage of providing a personalized finite risk assessment for patients. This may aid patient decision making and allow better preoperative risk assessment and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Mehta
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark K Elliott
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeev Wijesuriya
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Salma Ayis
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- Cardiology Department, Direttore UO Cardiologia 2 SSN, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg in Bernau/Berlin & Brandenburg Medical School, Bernau, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Department of Cardiology, CHU La Timone, Cardiologie, Service du prof Deharo, Marseille, France
| | - Justin Gould
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Kennergren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska/SU, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl-Heinz Kuck
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aldo P Maggioni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy; European Society of Cardiology, EORP, Biot, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Baldeep S Sidhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wong
- Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Lachlan T, He H, Aggour H, Sahota P, Harvey S, Patel K, Foster W, Yusuf S, Panikker S, Dhanjal T, Dandekar U, Barker T, Parmar J, Kuehl M, Osman F. Safety and feasibility of trans-venous cardiac device extraction using conscious sedation alone-Implications for the post-COVID-19 era. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:1522-1531. [PMID: 34887957 PMCID: PMC8637087 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for implantable cardiac-devices is traditionally performed under general anesthesia (GA). This can lead to greater risk of exposure to COVID-19, longer recovery-times and increased procedural-costs. We report the feasibility/safety of TLE using conscious-sedation alone with immediate GA/cardiac-surgery back-up if needed. METHODS Retrospective case-series of consecutive TLEs performed using conscious-sedation alone between March 2016 and December 2019. All were performed in the electrophysiology-laboratory using intravenous Fentanyl, Midazolam/Diazepam with a stepwise approach using locking-stylets/cutting-sheaths, including mechanical-sheaths. Baseline patient-characteristics, procedural-details and TLE outcomes (including procedure-related complications/death) were recorded. RESULTS A total of 130 leads were targeted in 54 patients, mean age ± SD 74.6 ± 11.8years, 47(87%) males; dual-chamber pacemakers (n = 26; 48%), cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (n = 17; 31%) and defibrillators (n = 8; 15%) were commonest extracted devices. Mean ± SD/median (range) lead-dwell times were 11.0 ± 8.8/8.3 (0.3-37) years, respectively. Extraction indications included systemic infection (n = 23; 43%) and lead/pulse-generator erosion (n = 27; 50%); mean 2.1 ± 2.0 leads were removed per procedure/mean procedure-time was 100 ± 54 min. Local anesthetic (LA) was used for all (mean-dose: 33 ± 8 ml 1% lidocaine), IV drug-doses used (mean ± SD) were: midazolam: 3.95 ± 2.44 mg, diazepam: 4.69 ± 0.89 mg and fentanyl: 57 ± 40 µg. Complete lead-extraction was achieved in 110 (85%) leads, partial lead-extraction (<4 cm-fragment remaining) in 5 (4%) leads. Sedation-related hypotension requiring IV fluids occurred in 2 (managed without adverse-consequences) and hypoxia requiring additional airway-management in none. No procedural deaths occurred, one patient required emergency cardiac surgery for localized ventricular perforation, nine had minor complications (transient hypotension/bradycardia/pericardial effusion not requiring intervention). CONCLUSION TLE undertaken using LA/conscious-sedation was safe/feasible in our series and associated with good clinical outcome/low procedural complications. Reduced risk of aerosolization of COVID-19 and quicker patient recovery/reduced anesthetic risk are potential benefits that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lachlan
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- University of Warwick (Medical School)CoventryUK
| | - Hejie He
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- University of Warwick (Medical School)CoventryUK
| | - Hesham Aggour
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Preet Sahota
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Samuel Harvey
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Kiran Patel
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- University of Warwick (Medical School)CoventryUK
| | - Will Foster
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- Worcester Royal HospitalWorcesterUK
| | - Shamil Yusuf
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Sandeep Panikker
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Tarv Dhanjal
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- University of Warwick (Medical School)CoventryUK
| | - Uday Dandekar
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Thomas Barker
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Jitendra Parmar
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Michael Kuehl
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Faizel Osman
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- University of Warwick (Medical School)CoventryUK
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11
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Efficacy and mortality of rotating sheaths versus laser sheaths for transvenous lead extraction: a meta-analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021:10.1007/s10840-021-01076-x. [PMID: 34839431 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-01076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotating and laser sheaths are both routinely used in transvenous lead extraction (TLE) which can lead to catastrophic complications including death. The efficacy and risk of each approach are uncertain. To perform a meta-analysis to compare success and mortality rates associated with rotating and laser sheaths. METHODS We searched electronic academic databases for case series of consecutive patients and randomized controlled trials published 1998-2017 describing the use of rotating and laser sheaths for TLE. Among 48 studies identified, rotating sheaths included 1,094 patients with 1,955 leads in 14 studies, and laser sheaths included 7,775 patients with 12,339 leads in 34 studies. Patients receiving rotating sheaths were older (63 versus 60 years old) and were more often male (74% versus 72%); CRT-P/Ds were more commonly extracted using rotating sheaths (12% versus 7%), whereas ICDs were less common (37% versus 42%), p > 0.05 for all. Infection as an indication for lead extraction was higher in the rotating sheath group (59.8% versus 52.9%, p = 0.002). The mean time from initial lead implantation was 7.2 years for rotating sheaths and 6.3 years for laser sheaths (p > 0.05). RESULTS Success rates for complete removal of transvenous leads were 95.1% in rotating sheaths and 93.4% in laser sheaths (p < 0.05). There was one death among 1,094 patients (0.09%) in rotating sheaths and 66 deaths among 7,775 patients (0.85%) in laser sheaths, translating to a 9.3-fold higher risk of death with laser sheaths (95% CI 1.3 to 66.9, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Laser sheaths were associated with lower complete lead removal rate and a 9.3-fold higher risk of death.
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12
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Guo X, Hayward RM, Vittinghoff E, Lee SY, Harris IS, Pletcher MJ, Lee BK. Seguridad de la extracción transvenosa de electrodos en las cardiopatías congénitas del adulto: una perspectiva nacional. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Zeitler EP, Wang Y, Pokorney SD, Curtis J, Prutkin JM. Comparative outcomes of Riata and Fidelis lead management strategies: Results from the NCDR-ICD Registry. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2021; 44:1897-1906. [PMID: 34520564 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Medtronic Sprint Fidelis® and Abbott Riata®/Riata ST® leads are at risk of failure and are subject to FDA recall. Comparative risks of various lead management strategies during elective generator change in a multi-center population are unknown. We aim to describe patients with functional, recalled ICD leads undergoing elective generator replacement and report outcomes according to lead management strategies. METHODS Using data from the NCDR ICD Registry, patients with a functioning Riata® or Fidelis® lead undergoing generator replacement are described according to lead management: reuse, abandon/replace, and extract/replace. Adjusted rates of death and pre-discharge complications are reported. RESULTS There were 13,144 generator replacement procedures involving a functioning, non-infected Riata® or Fidelis® lead (extraction n = 414, abandonment n = 427). Extraction patients were younger (mean 58 vs. 67 years) with fewer comorbidities than the reuse group. Maximum lead dwell time was similar between groups with average 94, 90, and 99 months in the extraction, abandonment, and reuse groups, respectively. In-hospital complications or mortality were more common in the extraction group (10.14%, 4.35%) compared with abandonment (1.64%, 0.47%) and reuse (0.22%, 0.07%). Compared with reuse, the adjusted odds of death or pre-discharge complication were significantly higher in the extraction group (OR 7.77 95% CI 2.42-24.95, p < .001) but not the abandonment group (OR 1.70 95% CI 0.52-5.61, p = .38). CONCLUSIONS In this real-world population, extraction of functional recalled ICD leads was associated with significant risk of in-hospital mortality and complications. Additional work is needed to clarify whether longer term outcomes balance these peri-procedural risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Zeitler
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,The Dartmouth Institute and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean D Pokorney
- Duke University Hospital, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeptha Curtis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jordan M Prutkin
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Wang L, Hai T, Feng Y, Han Q, Li Y, Ju H, Jiang Y, Li X, Ze F, Liu G, Jiang L. The clinical role of transesophageal echocardiography during transvenous lead extraction. Echocardiography 2021; 38:1552-1557. [PMID: 34510520 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is commonly used during cardiothoracic procedures. TEE has also become standard during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures, but its effect and role have not been optimally defined. The goal of this study is to identify how TEE was used during TLE at our institute and review its utility. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed high-risk patients undergoing TLE, for whom more complications during extraction procedures, from June 2012 to September 2020. The patients were divided into TEE group and non-TEE group according to real-time TEE monitoring. We compared the rate of procedural success, complications between two groups and concluded the clinical utility of TEE during TLE. RESULTS A total of 195 patients were included (105 in TEE group vs 90 in non-TEE group), the rate of procedure success (97.8% vs 96.5%, p = 0.41) and complications during extraction (8.6% vs 12.2%, p = 0.40, major complication 5.7% vs 12.2%, p = 0.11, minor complication 2.9% vs 0%, p = 0.30) were comparable. In TEE group, 12 patients (11.4%) received following benefits: altering surgical plans, guiding subsequent therapy strategies, and rapidly diagnosing complications, moreover no complications occurred from TEE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that real-time monitoring by TEE cannot change the rate of procedural success and complication during TLE; however, TEE provides valuable information to instruct clinical therapy and improves the safety of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - QiaoYu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YaRu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XueBin Li
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ze
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LuYang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Ksela J, Prevolnik J, Racman M. Transvenous lead extraction outcomes using a novel hand-powered bidirectional rotational sheath as a first-line extraction tool in a low-volume centre. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 32:395-401. [PMID: 33249479 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in low-volume medical centres with limited clinical experience and an evolving lead extraction programme may be challenging. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stepwise transvenous lead extraction (TLE) using a novel type of hand-powered rotational sheath as a first-line tool for extraction of chronically implanted devices in a single, low-volume centre. METHODS Sixty-seven consecutive patients undergoing a TLE procedure using the novel Evolution® RL rotational sheath as the first-line extraction tool between 2015 and 2019 at our institution were enrolled in the study. Their short-term and 30-day outcomes were observed. RESULTS Sixty-nine devices and 131 leads were explanted. Procedural and clinical success rates were 92.4% and 98.5%, respectively. Two procedures were classified as failures due to lead remnants >4 cm remaining in patients' vascular systems. One major (1.5%) and 3 minor (4.4%) adverse events and no deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS TLE procedures, performed in a stepwise manner, using the Evolution RL sheath as a first-line extraction device and conducted by an experienced, surgically well-trained operator, offer excellent results with clinical and procedural success rates comparable to those, achieved in dedicated, high-volume institutions. Opting for optimal lead extraction approach in low-volume centres or institutions with evolving TLE programmes, a stepwise extraction strategy using the Evolution RL sheath by skilled operator may provide the optimal scheme with an excellent ratio between clinical and/or procedural success and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jus Ksela
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Prevolnik
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mark Racman
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Laczay B, Patel D, Grimm R, Xu B. State-of-the-art narrative review: multimodality imaging in electrophysiology and cardiac device therapies. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021; 11:881-895. [PMID: 34295711 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac electrophysiology procedures have evolved to provide improvement in morbidity and mortality for many patients. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) placement and lead extraction procedures are proven procedures, associated with significant reductions in patient morbidity and mortality as well as improved quality of life. The applications and optimization of these therapies are an evolving field. The optimal use and outcomes of cardiac electrophysiology procedures require a multidisciplinary approach to patient selection, device selection, and procedural planning. Cardiac imaging using echocardiography plays a key role in selection of patients for CRT therapy, for guidance of left ventricular (LV) lead placement, and for optimization of atrioventricular pacing delays in patients with CRT. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is an important tool in assessment of lead perforation, as well as assessing risk of lead extraction and procedural planning. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important adjunct to transthoracic echocardiography for patient selection and risk stratification for defibrillator therapy for multiple disease states including ischemic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) is a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of device infections as well as inflammatory conditions including cardiac sarcoidosis. Our review attempts to summarize the contemporary roles of multimodality imaging in CRT therapy, ICD therapy and lead extraction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Laczay
- Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Divyang Patel
- Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard Grimm
- Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Nubila BCLSD, Lacerda GDC, Rey HCV, Barbosa RM. Percutaneous Removal of Cardiac Leads in a Single Center in South America. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:908-916. [PMID: 34008813 PMCID: PMC8121483 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, the number of cardiac electronic devices has risen considerably and consequently the occasional need for their removal. Concurrently, the transvenous lead removal became a safe procedure that could prevent open-heart surgery. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to describe the successful performance and the complication rates of pacemaker removals in a Brazilian public hospital. Our secondary aim was to describe the variables associated to successes and complications. METHODS A retrospective case series was conducted in patients submitted to pacemaker removal in a Brazilian public hospital from January 2013 to June 2018. Removal, explant, extraction, success and complication rates were defined by the 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Guideline. Categorical variables were compared using x2 or Fisher's tests, while continuous variables were compared by unpaired tests. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Cardiac device removals were performed in 61 patients, of which 51 were submitted to lead extractions and 10 to lead explants. In total, 128 leads were removed. Our clinical success rate was 100% in the explant group and 90.2% in the extraction one (p=0.58). Major complications were observed in 6.6% patients. Procedure failure was associated to older right ventricle (p=0.05) and atrial leads (p=0,04). Procedure duration (p=0.003) and need for blood transfusion (p<0,001) were associated to more complications. CONCLUSION Complications and clinical success were observed in 11.5% and 91.8% of the population, respectively. Removal of older atrial and ventricular leads were associated with lower success rates. Longer procedures and blood transfusions were associated with complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Costa Lemos Silva Di Nubila
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
- Hospital Pró-CardíacoRio de JaneiroRJBrasilHospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Gustavo de Castro Lacerda
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Helena Cramer Veiga Rey
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Minati Barbosa
- Instituto Nacional de CardiologiaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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18
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Shah B, Amir Niaz M, Saidullah S, Zaman F, Mumtaz H, Ghazanfar A. Innovation in Permanent Pacemaker's Implantation Technique: Trans-Axillary Approach. Cureus 2021; 13:e14436. [PMID: 33996301 PMCID: PMC8115185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Permanent pacemakers’ (PPM) implantation is an integral part of electrophysiology and general cardiology. The implantation technique has evolved a lot since the first implantation. Several innovations have been undertaken to improve the effectiveness, life of the transplant, and patient outcomes. In this study, we introduced a new implantation technique to improve the procedure and possibly reduce the rate of complication. Methods: This study was conducted from January 2016 to February 2017 in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients destined for implantation of PPM based on a clinical treatment plan, after proper explanation of the procedure, were brought to the catheterization laboratory. Venogram of the upper limb performed. Patients were scrubbed and draped. The axillary vein was approached via the Seldinger technique. About 2 to 3 cm superolateral to the puncture site, a skin incision was made and subcutaneous pocket constructed, and a guidewire external end was pulled in from inside the pocket keeping the venous end at the place. Subsequently, in a routine way, lead was placed, secured and the wound was closed in layers. Results: A total of 690 PPM were implanted under the study. About 290 devices were implanted in the conventional way and 380 devices via the trans-axillary approach. The mean implantation time was less than 30 minutes via the trans-axillary approach. Immediate and delayed complications of the procedure were minimal. Conclusion: Trans-axillary approach holds some significant advantages over the conventional technique. The subcutaneous pocket and venous puncture successfully reduce the burden of foreign material, minimize the tension on the wound, shorten implantation time and reduce the chances of erosion of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtawar Shah
- Division of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | - Shahab Saidullah
- Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Pakistan Instituite of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Farrukh Zaman
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kahutta Research Laboratory (KRL) Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Hassan Mumtaz
- Urology, Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, GBR.,General Medicine, Surrey Docks Health Center, London, GBR.,Surgery, Kahutta Research Laboratory (KRL) Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Aamir Ghazanfar
- Vascular Surgery, Kahutta Research Laboratory (KRL) Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
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19
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Trenson S, Doering M, Hindricks G, Winnik S, Richter S. Transvenous lead extraction in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2021; 7:153-156. [PMID: 33786310 PMCID: PMC7987895 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Trenson
- University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Doering
- Department of Electrophysiology, HELIOS Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, HELIOS Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Winnik
- University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Electrophysiology, HELIOS Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Stephan Winnik, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sergio Richter
- Department of Electrophysiology, HELIOS Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Costa R, Silva KRD, Crevelari ES, Nascimento WTJ, Nagumo MM, Martinelli Filho M, Jatene FB. Effectiveness and Safety of Transvenous Removal of Cardiac Pacing and Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Leads in the Real Clinical Scenario. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 115:1114-1124. [PMID: 33470310 PMCID: PMC8133723 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento Remoção de cabos-eletrodos de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis (DCEI) é procedimento pouco frequente e sua realização exige longo treinamento profissional e infraestrutura adequada. Objetivos Avaliar a efetividade e a segurança da remoção de cabos-eletrodos de DCEI e determinar fatores de risco para complicações cirúrgicas e mortalidade em 30 dias. Métodos Estudo prospectivo com dados derivados da prática clínica. De janeiro/2014 a abril/2020, foram incluídos, consecutivamente, 365 pacientes submetidos à remoção de cabos-eletrodos, independentemente da indicação e técnica cirúrgica utilizada. Os desfechos primários foram: taxa de sucesso do procedimento, taxa combinada de complicações maiores e morte intraoperatória. Os desfechos secundários foram: fatores de risco para complicações intraoperatórias maiores e morte em 30 dias. Empregou-se análise univariada e multivariada, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi de 96,7%, sendo 90,1% de sucesso completo e 6,6% de sucesso clínico. Complicações maiores intraoperatórias ocorreram em 15 (4,1%) pacientes. Fatores preditores de complicações maiores foram: tempo de implante dos cabos-eletrodos ≥ 7 anos (OR= 3,78, p= 0,046) e mudança de estratégia cirúrgica (OR= 5,30, p= 0,023). Classe funcional III-IV (OR= 6,98, p<0,001), insuficiência renal (OR= 5,75, p=0,001), infecção no DCEI (OR= 13,30, p<0,001), número de procedimentos realizados (OR= 77,32, p<0,001) e complicações maiores intraoperatórias (OR= 38,84, p<0,001) foram fatores preditores para mortalidade em 30 dias. Conclusões Os resultados desse estudo, que é o maior registro prospectivo de remoção de cabos-eletrodos da América Latina, confirmam a segurança e a efetividade desse procedimento no cenário da prática clínica real. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1114-1124)
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Katia Regina da Silva
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Sartori Crevelari
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Marcia Mitie Nagumo
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Martino Martinelli Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Fabio Biscegli Jatene
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Guo X, Hayward RM, Vittinghoff E, Lee SY, Harris IS, Pletcher MJ, Lee BK. Safety of transvenous lead removal in adult congenital heart disease: a national perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:943-952. [PMID: 33127317 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Data are scarce on outcomes of transvenous lead removal (TLR) in adult congenital heart disease (CHD). We evaluated the safety of the TLR procedure in adult CHD patients from a 10-year national database. METHODS We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify TLR procedures in adult patients with and without CHD from 2005 to 2014. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality and complications. RESULTS Of 132 068 adult patients undergoing TLR, 1939 had simple CHD, 657 had complex CHD, and 626 had unclassified CHD. The number of TLR procedures in adult CHD slightly increased from 236 in 2005 to 445 in 2014, with fluctuations over the study period. The overall rate of any complications in the TLR procedure was 16.6% in patients with CHD vs 10.1% in patients without CHD (P <.001). In a propensity score-matched cohort, CHD was associated with a higher risk of any complication after full adjustment vs patients without CHD (adjusted odd ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.99; P=.007). Simple and complex CHD were associated with 1.5- and 2.1-fold increased risks of any TLR-related complication, respectively. CHD was not associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odd ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.39; P=.386). CONCLUSIONS Compared with patients without CHD, adult patients with simple and complex CHD undergoing TLR are more likely to have complications but show no increase in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
| | - Robert M Hayward
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sun Yong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ian S Harris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Mark J Pletcher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Byron K Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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22
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Nowosielecka D, Polewczyk A, Jacheć W, Tułecki Ł, Kleinrok A, Kutarski A. Echocardiographic findings in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices-analysis of factors predisposing to lead-associated changes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 41:25-41. [PMID: 32949059 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant interaction between intracardiac leads and the heart and veins results in excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue around the leads. The extent of this pathological phenomenon, which is visible on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and predisposing factors are not well defined. METHODS We examined 936 transesophageal echocardiograms prior to transvenous lead extraction (TLE) performed at a high-volume centre between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS The most important echocardiographic findings were fibrous binding sites between leads and cardiovascular structures, lead-to-lead adhesions, excessive lead loops, lead-dependent tricuspid dysfunction (LDTD), asymptomatic masses on endocardial leads (AMEL) and vegetations. Fibrotic reaction within the walls of the heart and veins correlated with the presence of lead loops (OR = 1.771; p < .01) and lead dwell time (OR = 1.111; p < .001). Women were more likely to have excessive lead loops (OR = 1.639; p < .01), and the occurrence of loops increase with the number of implanted leads (OR = 2.557; p < .001). Heart failure (OR = 4.016; p < .001), lead looping (OR = 2.603; p < .01) and longer cumulative lead dwell time (OR = 1.017; p < .05) increased the likelihood of LDTD. A variety of AMEL were identified in this study, most commonly in patients with older leads (OR = 1.043; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Lead dwell time is the main factor predisposing to the occurrence of most lead-associated phenomena visualized by TEE in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Excessive looping of the lead is an important cause of fibrous binding sites and LDTD. AMEL are frequently detected in CIED patients, and their various forms concurrent with vegetations could represent an evolutionary stage of lead-associated masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, Zamosc, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Collegium Medicum The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tułecki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, Zamosc, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kleinrok
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, Zamosc, Poland.,University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszow, Poland
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23
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Uslu A, Küp A, Kanar BG, Balaban I, Demir S, Gülşen K, Kepez A, Doğan C, Candan Ö, Akgün T, Altıntas B, Sadıc BO. Transvenous extraction of pacemaker leads via femoral approach using a gooseneck snare. Herz 2020; 46:82-88. [PMID: 33009623 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing problem of endocardial lead infections and lead malfunctions has increased interest in percutaneous lead-removal technology. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) via simple manual traction (SMT) is the first-line therapy. When SMT is not successful, TLE from the femoral vein using a gooseneck snare (GS) with a radiofrequency ablation catheter (RFAC) may be an alternative option. The aim of our study was to evaluate the success rate of transvenous extraction of chronically implanted leads via the femoral approach using a GS with RFCA in cases of failure with SMT. METHODS The study included 94 consecutive patients who were referred for lead extraction due to pocket erosion and infection (71 patients) and to lead malfunction (23 patients). Initially, SMT was attempted for all patients. If SMT was not successful, patients underwent TLE using a GS with RFAC. RESULTS Leads were extracted successfully with SMT in 34 patients (54 leads), while 60 patients (83 leads) underwent TLE using a GS with RFAC. The mean indwelling time of the leads was longer in the femoral approach with GS (87.5 ± 37.9 vs. 31.3 ± 25.8 months; p < 0.001). The procedural success rate was 96.7% in the femoral approach with GS. A preceding implantation lead duration of >51 months predicted an unsuccessful SMT necessitating alternative TLE using a GS with RFAC with 86% sensitivity and 78% specificity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Transvenous lead extraction via the femoral approach using GS with RFAC may be an alternative approach to SMT with a high success rate, especially when the indwelling time of the leads is long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdülkadir Uslu
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Küp
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batur Gönenç Kanar
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Balaban
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demir
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Gülşen
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Kepez
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Doğan
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkan Candan
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taylan Akgün
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Koşuyolu Heart and Vascular Disease Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernas Altıntas
- Cardiology Department, Gazi Yasargil Research and Training Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Beste Ozben Sadıc
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Brough CEP, Rao A, Haycox AR, Cowie MR, Wright DJ. Real-world costs of transvenous lead extraction: the challenge for reimbursement. Europace 2020; 21:290-297. [PMID: 30590458 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Transvenous lead extraction is challenging, often requiring specialist equipment and prolonged hospital admission. A single tariff or itemized costs may be available for reimbursement. Due to limited data relating to the costs of transvenous extraction, it is unclear whether either form of reimbursement is adequate. We aim to describe accurately the total real-world costs of managing patients undergoing transvenous extraction at a single, large centre. We further aim to consider the additional costs of device reimplantation. Methods and results At a single UK extraction centre, a retrospective, patient level service line analysis was undertaken, during a complete financial year. Seventy-four patients required transvenous extraction (47 infected and 27 non-infected; 156 leads). Sixty-nine procedures (93%) were performed under general anaesthesia, with a median time in theatre of 95 min [interquartile range (IQR) 71-120]. Specialist extraction tools were required for 130 leads (83%). The median hospitalization duration was 3 days (IQR 1-8). The mean cost of extraction was £9228 (±4099); infected £10 727 (±4178) and non-infected £6619 (±2269). With the additional costs of device reimplantation, the overall mean cost rose to £17 574 (±12 882); infected £22 615 (±13 343) and non-infected £8801 (±5007). At the time of this study, the UK NHS tariff was £2530 for elective and £4764 for non-elective extraction, covering barely half of the real costs. Conclusion We demonstrated a substantial difference between the real-world cost of extraction and the UK NHS tariff. Extracting centres should scrutinize their practice, including the timing of reimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E P Brough
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Rao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan R Haycox
- University of Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool, Chatham Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin R Cowie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, UK
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25
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Transesophageal Echocardiography As a Monitoring Tool During Transvenous Lead Extraction-Does It Improve Procedure Effectiveness? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051382. [PMID: 32397115 PMCID: PMC7290980 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a valuable tool for monitoring the patient during transvenous lead extraction (TLE), but the direct impact of TEE on the effectiveness and safety of TLE has not yet been documented. Methods: The effectiveness of TLE and short-term survival were compared between two groups of patients: 2106 patients in whom TEE was performed before and after TLE and 1079 individuals in whom continuous TEE monitoring was used. The procedure-related risk of major complications was assessed using a predictive SAFeTY TLE score. Results: The patients monitored by TEE were characterized by older age, more comorbidities and higher SAFeTY TLE scores (6.143 ± 4.395 vs. 5.593 ± 4.127; p = 0.004). Complete procedural success was significantly higher in the TEE-guided group (97.683% vs. 95.442%, p < 0.01). The rate of serious complications in the TEE-guided group was lower than the predictive SAFeTY TLE score—a reduction of 28.75% (p < 0.05). Periprocedural mortality in the TEE-guided and non-TEE-guided groups was zero vs. six deaths (p = 0.186). Short-term survival was comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Transesophageal echocardiography as a monitoring tool during transvenous lead extraction provides valuable results—higher rates of complete procedural success and a reduced risk of the most severe complications, thus preventing periprocedural deaths.
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26
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Mohamed MO, Greenspon A, Contractor T, Rashid M, Kwok CS, Potts J, Barker D, Patwala A, Mamas MA. Outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic device transvenous lead extractions performed in centers without onsite cardiac surgery. Int J Cardiol 2020; 300:154-160. [PMID: 31402163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While major complications associated with CIED lead extractions are uncommon, they carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality in the absence of surgical intervention. However, there is limited data on the differences in outcomes of these procedures between centers with and without on-site CS support. The present study examined outcomes of transvenous cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) lead extractions according to admitting hospitals' cardiac surgery (CS) facilities. METHODS We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample for CIED lead extraction procedures, stratified by hospitals' CS facilities into two groups; on-site and off-site CS. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the adjusted odds (aOR) of procedure-related complications in off-site CS centers. RESULTS In 221,606 procedures over an 11-year-period, CIED lead extractions were increasingly undertaken in on-site as opposed to off-site CS centers (Onsite CS 2004 vs. 2014: 78.2% vs. 90.4%, p < 0.001) during the study period. In comparison to on-site CS group, patients admitted to off-site CS group were older, less comorbid, and experienced lower adjusted odds of major adverse cardiovascular events (0.72 [0.67, 0.77]), mortality (0.60 [0.52, 0.69]), procedure-related bleeding (0.48 [0.44, 0.54]) and complications (thoracic: 0.81 [0.75, 0.88]; cardiac: 0.45 [0.38, 0.54]) (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our national analysis demonstrates that transvenous CIED lead extractions are being increasingly undertaken in centers with on-site CS surgery, in compliance with international guideline recommendations. Patients managed with lead extractions in on-site CS centers are more comorbid and critically ill compared to those admitted to off-site CS centers, and remain at a higher risk of procedure-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Mohamed
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK; Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Arnold Greenspon
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tahmeed Contractor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Jessica Potts
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Diane Barker
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | | | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institutes of Applied Clinical Science and Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK; Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
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27
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Jacheć W, Polewczyk A, Polewczyk M, Tomasik A, Kutarski A. Transvenous Lead Extraction SAFeTY Score for Risk Stratification and Proper Patient Selection for Removal Procedures Using Mechanical Tools. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020361. [PMID: 32013032 PMCID: PMC7073714 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To ensure the safety and efficacy of the increasing number of transvenous lead extractions (TLEs), it is necessary to adequately assess the procedure-related risk. Methods: We analyzed potential clinical and procedural risk factors associated with 2049 TLE procedures. The TLEs were performed between 2006 and 2016 using only simple tools for lead extraction. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk prediction scoring system for TLEs. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the sum of lead dwell times, anemia, female gender, the number of procedures preceding TLE, and removal of leads implanted in patients under the age of 30 had a significant influence on the occurrence of major complications during a TLE. This information served as a basis for developing a predictive SAFeTY TLE score, where: S = sum of lead dwell times, A = anemia, Fe = female, T = treatment (previous procedures), Y = young patients, and TLE = transvenous lead extraction. In order to facilitate the use of the SAFeTY TLE Score, a simple calculator was constructed. Conclusion: The SAFeTY TLE score is easy to calculate and predicts the potential occurrence of procedure-related major complications. High-risk patients (scoring more than 10 on the SAFeTY TLE scale) must be treated at high-volume centers with surgical backup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jacheć
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Cardiology, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, 45, Grunwaldzka St., 25-736 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-41-367-1508; Fax: +48-41-367-145
| | - Maciej Polewczyk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
- Acute Cardiac Care Unit, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, 45, Grunwaldzka St., 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tomasik
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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28
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Algorithm for the analysis of pre-extraction computed tomographic images to evaluate implanted lead-lead interactions and lead-vascular attachments. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1009-1016. [PMID: 31931170 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of lead extractions is growing because of the greater population and increasing age of individuals with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Lead extraction procedures can be complex undertakings with risk of significant mortality, and vascular tears in the superior vena cava are of greatest concern. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to study whether a novel algorithm that analyzes pre-extraction computed tomographic (CT) images can determine the likelihood and location of lead-lead interactions and lead-vessel attachment within patients' venous vasculatures. This information can be used to identify potential case challenges in the planning stages. METHODS We developed an algorithm to estimate the presence and position of lead-lead interactions and lead-vessel adherences by tracking distance between the leads and distance between the lead and superior vena cava in a sample of 12 patients referred to the United Heart and Vascular Clinic for lead extractions due to infection (n = 5), lead failure (n = 5), and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 2). RESULTS Preliminary results indicate that the developed algorithm successfully identified lead-lead and lead-vascular attachments compared to review of CT images by medical experts. CONCLUSION With future validation and clinical implementation, this algorithm could aid physician preparedness by minimizing intraprocedural emergencies and may improve patient outcomes.
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Bracke F, Verberkmoes N, van 't Veer M, van Gelder B. Lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: comparable complication rates with or without abandoned leads. Europace 2019; 21:1378-1384. [PMID: 31324910 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abandoned leads are often linked to complications during lead extraction, prompting pre-emptive extraction if leads become non-functional. We examined their influence on complications when extracted for device-related infection. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients undergoing lead extraction for device-related infection from 2006 to 2017 in our hospital were included. The primary endpoint was major complications. Out of 500 patients, 141 had abandoned leads, of whom 75% had only one abandoned lead. Median cumulative implant times were 24.2 (interquartile range 15.6-38.2) and 11.6 (5.6-17.4), respectively years with or without abandoned leads. All leads were extracted only with a femoral approach in 50.4% of patients. Mechanical rotational tools were introduced in 2014 and used in 22.2% of cases and replacing laser sheaths that were used in 5% of patients. Major complications occurred in 0.7% of patients with abandoned leads compared with 1.7% of patients with only active leads (P = 0.679). Failure to completely remove all leads was 14.9% and 6.4%, respectively with or without abandoned leads (P = 0.003), and clinical failure was 6.4% and 2.2% (P = 0.028), respectively. Procedural failure dropped to 9.2% and 5.7% (P = 0.37), respectively after the introduction of mechanical rotational tools. The only independent predictor of procedural and clinical failure in multivariate analysis was the cumulative implant duration. CONCLUSION Despite longer implant times, patients with abandoned leads did not have more major complications during lead extraction. Therefore, preventive extraction of non-functional leads to avoid complications at a later stage is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bracke
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Niels Verberkmoes
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Marcel van 't Veer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Berry van Gelder
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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30
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Wang SX, Bai J, Ma R, Lan RF, Zheng J, Xu W. Fever and neck pain after pacemaker lead extraction: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2103-2109. [PMID: 31423444 PMCID: PMC6695544 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thrombosis (VT) is one of the minor complications of pacemaker lead extraction. It is often found due to the swelling of the limbs after the extraction. It is easy to be neglected or even misdiagnosed in the absence of typical clinical symptoms. The incidence, risk factors, and long-term impact of this complication are still unclear. Herein, we report a case of deep VT caused by transvenous lead extraction, which is easily misdiagnosed.
CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old woman underwent a pacemaker lead extraction at our hospital because of a pacemaker pocket infection. After the extraction, she began to experience intermittent fever accompanied by sweating. The highest body temperature recorded was 37.9 °C. Additionally, she reported migratory pain that made her uncomfortable. The pain was mistakenly thought to be caused by operation trauma. At first, the pain radiated from the left chest to the mandible. Then, the pain in the left chest was alleviated, but pain in the left neck and throat appeared. Finally, the pain was confined to the mandible and a submandibular mass was palpated with no other abnormalities upon physical examination. Computed tomography venography and angiography finally indicated that the fever and pain were the symptoms of thrombophlebitis caused by lead extraction. The patient was then treated with rivaroxaban for more than three months and has shown no symptoms since she left the hospital.
CONCLUSION The possibility of thrombosis should be considered when pain and recurrent fever occur after pacemaker lead extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong-Fang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bode K, Whittaker P, Lucas J, Müssigbrodt A, Hindricks G, Richter S, Doering M. Deep sedation for transvenous lead extraction: a large single-centre experience. Europace 2019; 21:1246-1253. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Transvenous lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is of growing importance. Nevertheless, the optimal anaesthetic approach, general anaesthesia vs. deep sedation (DS), remains unresolved. We describe our tertiary centre experience of the feasibility and safety of DS.
Methods and results
Extraction procedures were performed in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory by two experienced electrophysiologists. We used intravenous Fentanyl, Midazolam, and Propofol for DS. A stepwise approach with locking stylets, dilator sheaths, and mechanical sheaths via subclavian, femoral, or internal jugular venous access was utilized. Patient characteristics and procedural data were collected. Logistic regression models were used to identify parameters associated with sedation-related complications. Extraction of 476 leads (dwelling time/patient 88 ± 49 months, 30% ICD leads) was performed in 220 patients (64 ± 17 years, 80% male). Deep sedation was initiated with bolus administration of Fentanyl, Midazolam, and Propofol; mean doses 0.34 ± 0.12 μg/kg, 24.3 ± 6.8 μg/kg, and 0.26 ± 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. Deep sedation was maintained with continuous Propofol infusion (initial dose 3.7 ± 1.1 mg/kg/h; subsequently increased to 4.7 ± 1.2 mg/kg/h with 3.9 ± 2.6 adjustments) and boluses of Midazolam and Fentanyl as indicated. Sedation-related episodes of hypotension, requiring vasopressors, and hypoxia, requiring additional airway management, occurred in 25 (11.4%) and 5 (2.3%) patients, respectively. These were managed without adverse consequences. Five patients (2.3%) experienced major intraprocedural complications; there were no procedure-related deaths. All of our logistic regression models indicated intraprocedural support was associated with administration higher Fentanyl doses.
Conclusion
Transvenous lead extraction under DS in the EP laboratory is a safe procedure with high success rates when performed by experienced staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bode
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Whittaker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Johannes Lucas
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Müssigbrodt
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Richter
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Doering
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
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Addetia K, Harb SC, Hahn RT, Kapadia S, Lang RM. Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Lead-Induced Tricuspid Regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:622-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Özkartal T, Regoli F, Conte G, Caputo ML, Klersy C, Moccetti T, Auricchio A. New onset of phrenic nerve palsy after laser-assisted transvenous lead extraction: a single-centre experience. Europace 2018; 20:1827-1832. [PMID: 29672695 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) after mechanical transvenous lead extraction (TLE) was recently described for the first time. We aimed to analyse our TLE database for the presence of PNP. Methods and results All consecutive patients referred to our institution were included in this study. Every available post-procedural chest X-ray was compared to the routinely performed pre-procedural radiographs. A newly elevated hemidiaphragm ipsilateral to TLE was considered indicative of PNP. Altogether 255 TLE procedures with extraction of 364 leads were performed. Most common TLE indication was lead malfunction (63%). Complete radiographic success rate was 97.3% with an in-hospital procedure-related major complication rate of 2.4%, including one intra-procedural death (0.4%). We identified five cases with PNP (2%), all occurring after laser-assisted TLE. Clinical presentation varied from subtle and aspecific chest pain/discomfort to severe and acute dyspnoea, with time to diagnosis varying from immediate to several weeks after the procedure. In 80% of cases, the explanted lead was a defibrillator electrode and the median lead dwelling time was 70.2 months (29.3; 1084.9). In four cases, the extraction was performed using high-energy laser (pulse repetition rate 80 Hz). Conclusion The present study reports the incidence of PNP after laser-assisted TLE. We postulate that the thermal energy generated by laser is not dissipated quickly enough in occluded or heavily calcified lesions, injuring the ipsilateral phrenic nerve. Our findings advise to carefully consider to increase pulse repetition rate at the subclavian level. Larger, possibly prospective studies are needed to evaluate the real incidence through systematic radiological assessment after TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tardu Özkartal
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - François Regoli
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Conte
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luce Caputo
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Service of Clinical Epidemiology & Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Switzerland
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Ebrille E, Chang JD, Zimetbaum PJ. Tricuspid Valve Dysfunction Caused by Right Ventricular Leads. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2018; 10:447-452. [PMID: 30172281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tricuspid regurgitation is increasingly recognized as a clinically significant valvular condition. The role of multiple pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator leads in distortion of the valve structure and the risk of trauma to the valve and subvalvular apparatus with lead extraction contribute to the development of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). There is a clinical imperative to better understand the optimal way to diagnose lead-related TR, risk factors for the development of TR, and optimal strategies to mitigate this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ebrille
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Pilgrim Road, Baker 4, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James D Chang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Pilgrim Road, Baker 4, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter J Zimetbaum
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Pilgrim Road, Baker 4, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Guo X, Hayward RM, Vittinghoff E, Liu Y, Lee SY, Pletcher MJ, Lee BK. Safety of Transvenous Lead Removal in Patients ≥70 Years of Age in the United States from 2005 to 2012. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:799-805. [PMID: 30053999 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac devices are increasingly an element of treatment for the elderly, leading to more frequent transvenous lead removal (TLR) procedures in this population. Data on TLR in very elderly patients, especially nonagenarians, is scarce. We used Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify a total of 36,099 patients ≥70 years who underwent TLR from 2005 to 2012, with outcomes including in-hospital mortality and complications. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in nonagenarians without device infection (0.9% in age 70 to 79 vs 0.7% in age 80 to 89 vs 2.6% in age ≥90, p = 0.012), but overall complication rates were not different in age groups regardless of infection status and co-morbidity index (all p >0.05). Among patients with device infection, octogenarians, and nonagenarians were not associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality relative to septuagenarians after controlling for all other confounders. However, in patients without device infection, logistic regression showed significantly higher mortality in patients age ≥90 years (odd ratio 4.22, 95% confidence interval 1.66 to 10.75, p = 0.003), but not in patients age 80 to 89 years (odd ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 2.30, p = 0.907), compared with patients age 70 to 79 years. In conclusion, in nonagenarians with infection, mortality is driven more by the patient's other conditions than by age. For patients without infection, however, nonagenarians experienced higher mortality than younger patients.
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Özcan C, Raunsø J, Lamberts M, Køber L, Lindhardt TB, Bruun NE, Laursen ML, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Hansen ML. Infective endocarditis and risk of death after cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: a nationwide cohort study. Europace 2018; 19:1007-1014. [PMID: 28073883 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of infective endocarditis (IE) following implantation of a first-time, permanent, cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED). Methods and results From Danish nationwide administrative registers (beginning in 1996), we identified all de-novo permanent pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) together with the occurrence of post-implantation IE-events in the period from 2000-2012. Included were 43 048 first-time PM/ICD recipients. Total follow-up time was 168 343 person-years (PYs). The incidence rate (per 1000 PYs) of IE in PM was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-2.6) for single chamber devices and 6.2 (95% CI: 4.5-8.7) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT); similarly, the rate of IE in ICD was 3.7 (95% CI: 2.9-4.7) in single chamber devices and 6.3 (95% CI: 4.4-9.0) in CRT. In multivariable analysis, increased PM complexity served as independent risk factor for IE {dual chamber PM [hazard ratio (HR) 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07-1.80] and CRT [HR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.20-2.84]}. During follow-up, generator replacement (HR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.87-4.17) and lead revision (HR: 4.33; 95% CI: 3.25-5.78) in PMs were associated with increased risk. Corresponding estimates in ICDs were 2.49 (95% CI: 1.28-4.86) and 6.58 (95% CI: 4.49-9.63). Risk of death after IE was significantly increased in PM and ICD with HRs of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.33-1.82) and 2.63 (95% CI: 2.00-3.48), respectively. Conclusion The risk of IE increased with increasing PM complexity. Other important risk factors were subsequent generator replacement and lead revision. IE was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the area of CIED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Özcan
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Raunsø
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Lamberts
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tommi Bo Lindhardt
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Niels Eske Bruun
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gunnar Hilmar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Lock Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Menezes Júnior ADS, Magalhães TR, Morais ADOA. Percutaneous Lead Extraction in Infection of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: a Systematic Review. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 33:194-202. [PMID: 29898151 PMCID: PMC5985848 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last two decades, the increased number of implants of cardiac implantable electronic devices has been accompanied by an increase in complications, especially infection. Current recommendations for the appropriate treatment of cardiac implantable electronic devices-related infections consist of prolonged antibiotic therapy associated with complete device extraction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of percutaneous extraction in the treatment of these devices infections. METHODS A systematic review search was performed in the PubMed, BVS, Cochrane CENTRAL, CAPES, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases. A total of 1,717 studies were identified and subsequently selected according to the eligibility criteria defined by relevance tests by two authors working independently. RESULTS Sixteen studies, describing a total of 3,354 patients, were selected. Percutaneous extraction was performed in 3,081 patients. The average success rate for the complete percutaneous removal of infected devices was 92.4%. Regarding the procedure, the incidence of major complications was 2.9%, and the incidence of minor complications was 8.4%. The average in-hospital mortality of the patients was 5.4%, and the mortality related to the procedure ranged from 0.4 to 3.6%. The mean mortality was 20% after 6 months and 14% after a one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Percutaneous extraction is the main technique for the removal of infected cardiac implantable electronic devices, and it presents low rates of complications and mortality related to the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio da Silva Menezes Júnior
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thaís Rodrigues Magalhães
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alana de Oliveira Alarcão Morais
- Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Lau CP, Tse HF. An Unpleasant Legacy: Infected Abandoned Leads. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 4:209-211. [PMID: 29749939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Pak Lau
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hong Kong University Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Sonny A, Wakefield BJ, Sale S, Mick S, Wilkoff BL, Mehta AR. Transvenous Lead Extraction: A Clinical Commentary for Anesthesiologists. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:1101-1111. [PMID: 29482939 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With increasing use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, the need for lead extractions has increased to an annual volume of more than 10,000 extractions worldwide. This article provides a focused clinical commentary on the perioperative management, identification, and treatment of life-threatening complications associated with lead extractions. In addition, a summary of indications, techniques, and lead extraction complications is provided. Although uncommon, lead extractions are associated with a consistent rate of major procedure-related complications and mortality. Major life-threatening complications include vascular laceration, cardiac avulsion, hemothorax, pericardial effusion, and cardiac arrest. Comprehensive preoperative risk assessment and adequate planning and preparedness are crucial to decreasing all procedure-related adverse events. The location of the procedure (electrophysiology suite v hybrid operating room) and the nature of cardiac surgical backup are determined after meticulous risk stratification. In addition to decisions on vascular access, invasive monitoring, and modality of rhythm support, transesophageal echocardiography plays a crucial role in early diagnosis, timely management, and potential prevention of these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Sonny
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brett J Wakefield
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Shiva Sale
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephanie Mick
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anand R Mehta
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are complex medical problems that are increasingly encountered. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality with tremendous economic cost. The current review will emphasize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this clinical entity using the relatively limited evidence that is currently available. Because there is a paucity of high quality evidence regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections, this review will attempt to summarize the best evidence as well as to suggest, when possible, paradigms for care. The topic of CIED infections is a dynamic one as the scope of CIED continues to widen. Furthermore, there are promising advancements in CIED technology which may help reduce its occurrence the future. Unfortunately, significant gaps in knowledge remain, and definitive recommendations regarding CIED infections and future studies should be directed at improving our ability to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Leung
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Stephan Danik
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e503-e551. [PMID: 28919379 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zeitler EP, Wang Y, Dharmarajan K, Anstrom KJ, Peterson ED, Daubert JP, Curtis JP, Al-Khatib SM. Outcomes 1 Year After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Lead Abandonment Versus Explantation for Unused or Malfunctioning Leads: A Report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 9:CIRCEP.116.003953. [PMID: 27406605 DOI: 10.1161/circep.116.003953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with an unused or malfunctioning implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead may have the lead either abandoned or explanted; yet there are limited data on the comparative acute and longer-term safety of these 2 approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined in-hospital events among 24 908 subject encounters using propensity score 1:1 matching for ICD lead abandonment or explantation in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) ICD Registry (April 2010 to June 2014). Relative to patients undergoing lead abandonment, patients undergoing lead explantation had more in-hospital procedure-related complications: 2.19% (n=273) versus 3.77% (n=469; P<0.001), respectively. Similarly, patients undergoing lead explantation had slightly higher rates of in-hospital death: 0.21% (n=26) versus 0.64% (n=80; P<0.001), respectively. At 1 year in a Medicare subset for survival, there was a trend of increased mortality in the explantation group (11% versus 8%; P=0.06). In the Medicare subset analyzed for postprocedure complications, there was no difference with respect to 6-month bleeding (4.80% in both the groups), tamponade (0.38% versus 0.58%), infection (1.34% versus 3.07%), upper extremity thrombosis (0.77% versus 0.96%), pulmonary embolism (0.38% versus 0.96%), or urgent surgery (1.15% for both the groups; P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS After matching, patients undergoing removal of an unused or malfunctioning ICD lead had slightly higher in-hospital complications and deaths than those with a lead abandonment strategy. Although the 1-year mortality risk was slightly higher in the lead explantation group, this difference was not statistically significant and may be explained by chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Zeitler
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Yongfei Wang
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Kumar Dharmarajan
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Kevin J Anstrom
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Eric D Peterson
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - James P Daubert
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Jeptha P Curtis
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.)
| | - Sana M Al-Khatib
- From the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., K.J.A., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC (E.P.Z., E.D.P., J.P.D., S.M.A.-K.); Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Health Services Corporation, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.); and Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Y.W., K.D., J.P.C.).
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Chang JD, Manning WJ, Ebrille E, Zimetbaum PJ. Tricuspid Valve Dysfunction Following Pacemaker or Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:2331-2341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Azevedo AI, Primo J, Gonçalves H, Oliveira M, Adão L, Santos E, Ribeiro J, Fonseca M, Dias AV, Vouga L, Ribeiro VG. Lead Extraction of Cardiac Rhythm Devices: A Report of a Single-Center Experience. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:18. [PMID: 28451588 PMCID: PMC5390030 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives The rate of implanted cardiac electronic devices is increasing as is the need to manage long-term complications. Lead removal is becoming an effective approach to treat such complications. We present our experience in lead removal using different approaches, analyzing the predictors of the use of mechanical extractors/surgical removal. Methods Retrospective analysis of lead extractions in a series of 76 consecutive patients (mean age 70.4 ± 13.8 years, 73.7% men) between January 2009 and November 2015. Results One hundred thirty-five leads from permanent pacemakers (single chamber 19.7%; dual-chamber 61.8%), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (5.3%), and cardiac resynchronization devices (CRT-P 2.6%; CRT-D 7.9%) were removed, 72.5 ± 73.2 months after implantation. A total of 45.9% were ventricular leads, 40.0% atrial leads, 8.9% defibrillator leads, and 5.2% leads in the coronary sinus; 64.4% had passive fixation. The most common indications for removal were pocket infection (77.8%), infective endocarditis (9.6%), and lead dislodgement (3.7%). A total of 76.3% of the leads were explanted, 20.0% were extracted, and 3.7% were surgically removed. Extraction of the entire lead was achieved in 96.3% of the procedures. After logistic regression (age adjusted), time since implantation was the sole predictor of the need of mechanical extractors/surgical removal. All patients were discharged without major complications. There were no deaths at 30 days. Conclusion Our experience in lead removal was effective and safe. Performing these procedures by experienced electrophysiologists with an adequate cardiothoracic surgery team on standby to cope with any complications is required. Referral of high-risk patients to a high-volume center is recommended to optimize clinical success and minimize procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Azevedo
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - João Primo
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Helena Gonçalves
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marco Oliveira
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Luís Adão
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Santos
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - José Ribeiro
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marlene Fonseca
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Adelaide V Dias
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Luís Vouga
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vasco Gama Ribeiro
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Shah AD, Peddareddy LP, Addish MA, Kelly K, Patel AU, Casey M, Goyal A, Leon AR, El-Chami MF, Merchant FM. Procedural outcomes and long-term survival following trans-venous defibrillator lead extraction in patients with end-stage renal disease. Europace 2017; 19:1994-2000. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lead Abandonment or Lead Extraction?: Weighing the Risks. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2017; 3:10-11. [PMID: 29759688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lead-related infective endocarditis: Factors influencing early and long-term survival in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction. Heart Rhythm 2016; 14:43-49. [PMID: 27725287 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead-related infective endocarditis (LRIE) is a serious infectious disease with uncertain prognosis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence survival in patients with LRIE undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE). METHODS Clinical data obtained from 500 consecutive patients with LRIE undergoing TLE in the reference center in the years 2006 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the effect of demographic, clinical, and procedure-related factors on 30-day and long-term survival (mean 3-year follow-up). RESULTS Analysis of 30-day survival after TLE revealed 19 deaths (3.8%), with long-term mortality (mean 3-year follow-up) of 29.3% (146 deaths). Multivariate analysis showed unfavorable effects of age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.030-1.082); decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 0.687, 95% CI 0.545-0.866); renal failure (HR 3.099, 95% CI 1.865-5.150); and presence of vegetation fragments remaining after TLE (HR 1.384, 95% CI 1.089-1.760). Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated statistically worse prognosis in patients with large vegetations (>2 cm) and with vegetation remnants. Better prognosis was associated with LRIE coexisting with generator pocket infection. CONCLUSION Long-term mortality in LRIE patients is still high. Factors that influence negatively on prognosis include large cardiac vegetations and their remnants after TLE. Such vegetations develop most frequently in patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and renal failure. Probably, early detection of LRIE would tend to limit the formation of large vegetations that invade the adjacent cardiac structures.
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Sawhney V, Breitenstein A, Sporton S, Dhinoja M. Percutaneous lead extraction and venous recanalisation using spectranetics tight rail: A single centre experience. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2016. [PMCID: PMC5197445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Despite advances in lead extraction tools, percutaneous lead extraction remains a complex procedure associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, no standards or directives exist to guide physicians in the choice of their extraction tool or approach and all operators tend to have their own preferred method. The reporting of outcomes with existing and newly emerging extraction technology is therefore encouraged. Methods and results Four lead extraction procedures using the new spectranetics tight rail rotating dilator sheath are described here. All patients (n = 3) had chronically implanted leads (mean duration = 11.7 years) and the pre-procedure venogram showed occluded left subclavian and brachiocephalic veins with extensive collateralisation. All leads were extracted successfully using this newly designed rotating dilator sheath and vascular access was also retained by venous recanalisation using this kit. One patient required a second extraction procedure at four weeks due to diaphragmatic twitch without macroscopic coronary sinus (CS) lead displacement. This was replaced with a transseptal LV lead. There were no other procedure related complications and all patients remained well with good lead parameters at three months follow-up. Conclusion The use of this new tight rail extraction tool appears safe and effective in chronically implanted leads. Moreover, it helps to preserve the vascular access by recanalisation of long tortuous occlusions. Its use across various centres and larger number of patients will be required to confirm our results.
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Nunes MCP, Navarro TP, Carvalho MDBL, Maia NDPAF, Procópio RJ, Ferrari TCA. Persistent fever after pacemaker lead extraction. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2016; 16:107-108. [PMID: 27788995 PMCID: PMC5067839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The implant indication of cardiac electronic devices continues to expand; therefore, we have observed increasing complications related to their removal. We describe the case of a patient who presented with prolonged bloodstream infection after having undergone removal of a pacemaker. After extensive workup for fever of unknown origin and antibiotic therapy without any improvement, it was possible to demonstrate a foreign body in the right subclavian vein and superior vena cava corresponding to the distal part of the right ventricular lead. Endovascular removal of the foreign body and prolonged antibiotic administration was followed by complete resolution of the clinical picture. We ascribed the difficulty in diagnosing the source of the infection especially to the lack of local manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Pinho Navarro
- Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Jayme Procópio
- Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Maruyama T. Editorial: Trapped pacemaker lead extraction: Necessity, challenge, and beyond. J Cardiol Cases 2016; 13:85-86. [PMID: 30546613 PMCID: PMC6280685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Maruyama
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Tel.: +81 92 642 5235; fax: +81 92 642 5247.
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