1
|
Rossi CC, Ahmad F, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Staphylococcus haemolyticus: An updated review on nosocomial infections, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, genetic traits, and strategies for combating this emerging opportunistic pathogen. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127652. [PMID: 38432015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus, a key species of the Staphylococcus genus, holds significant importance in healthcare-associated infections, due to its notable resistance to antimicrobials, like methicillin, and proficient biofilms-forming capabilities. This coagulase-negative bacterium poses a substantial challenge in the battle against nosocomial infections. Recent research has shed light on Staph. haemolyticus genomic plasticity, unveiling genetic elements responsible for antibiotic resistance and their widespread dissemination within the genus. This review presents an updated and comprehensive overview of the clinical significance and prevalence of Staph. haemolyticus, underscores its zoonotic potential and relevance in the one health framework, explores crucial virulence factors, and examines genetics features contributing to its success in causing emergent and challenging infections. Additionally, we scrutinize ongoing studies aimed at controlling spread and alternative approaches for combating it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adesoji TO, George UE, Sulayman TA, Uwanibe JN, Olawoye IB, Igbokwe JO, Olanipekun TG, Adeleke RA, Akindoyin AI, Famakinwa TJ, Adamu AM, Terkuma CA, Ezekiel GO, Eromon PE, Happi AN, Fadare TO, Shittu AO, Happi CT. Molecular characterization of non-aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus from Hipposideros bats in Southwest Nigeria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6899. [PMID: 38519524 PMCID: PMC10960025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats are not only ecologically valuable mammals but also reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Their vast population, ability to fly, and inhabit diverse ecological niches could play some role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. This study investigated non-aureus staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus colonization in the Hipposideros bats at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Pharyngeal samples (n = 23) of the insectivorous bats were analyzed, and the presumptive non-aureus staphylococcal and Mammaliicoccus isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The isolates were characterized based on antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Six bacterial genomes were assembled, and three species were identified, including Mammaliicoccus sciuri (n = 4), Staphylococcus gallinarum (n = 1), and Staphylococcus nepalensis (n = 1). All the isolates were resistant to clindamycin, while the M. sciuri and S. gallinarum isolates were also resistant to fusidic acid. WGS analysis revealed that the M. sciuri and S. gallinarum isolates were mecA-positive. In addition, the M. sciuri isolates possessed some virulence (icaA, icaB, icaC, and sspA) genes. Multi-locus sequence typing identified two new M. sciuri sequence types (STs) 233 and ST234. The identification of these new STs in a migratory mammal deserves close monitoring because previously known ST57, ST60, and ST65 sharing ack (8), ftsZ (13), glpK (14), gmk (6), and tpiA (10) alleles with ST233 and ST234 have been linked to mastitis in animals. Moreover, the broad host range of M. sciuri could facilitate the dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. This study provides evidence of the importance of including migratory animals in monitoring the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomiwa O Adesoji
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Uwem E George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Taofiq A Sulayman
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica N Uwanibe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu B Olawoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Igbokwe
- Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tobi G Olanipekun
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Richard A Adeleke
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Temitope J Famakinwa
- Natural History Museum, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew M Adamu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900105, Nigeria
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Christabel A Terkuma
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Grace O Ezekiel
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Philomena E Eromon
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Anise N Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo O Fadare
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo O Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Christian T Happi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morgado S, Freitas F, Caldart R, Fonseca E, Vicente AC. In-silico genomic characterization of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on a global scale: lineages, resistome, and virulome. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:18-24. [PMID: 37992430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus haemolyticus belongs to the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), exhibiting the highest levels of antibiotic resistance within this group of bacteria. This species has been increasingly implicated in nosocomial and animal infections worldwide, with a prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). Most information about this organism comes from regional analyzes or with the absence of typing data, thus not revealing the real role of S. haemolyticus strains in world public health. METHODS Here, we performed an enhanced global epidemiological analysis considering all available S. haemolyticus genomes from all continents, including genomes of nosocomial, environmental, and animal origin (n = 310). Furthermore, we added original genomic information from a clinical MRSH from the Brazilian Amazon region. The resistome and virulome of the genomes were associated with their mobilome, being inferred based on the presence of specific genes and databases such as CARD, VFDB, and PlasmidFinder, respectively. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed three main groups, the main one covering most of the clinical clonal complex 3 (CC3) genomes in the world. The virulome of some genomes in this cluster showed the complete capsule operon (capA-capM). Importantly, this virulome trait could be associated with the mobilome, since the capsule operon, as well as a whole set of genes of the type VII secretion system, were observed in plasmids. In addition, the resistome of the main cluster (CC3) was larger, characterized mainly by the presence of the mecA gene, in addition to a set of other genes (aad, aac-aph, aph, erm), contrasting with the poor resistome of the other two clusters. Several insertion sequences were identified, some of them linked to specific clusters, and resistance genes, such as the rare cfrA (IS257). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, successful lineages of CC3 S. haemolyticus causing human infections are widespread worldwide, raising concern about the impact of this scenario on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Morgado
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Caldart
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Erica Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrade-Oliveira AL, Lacerda-Rodrigues G, Pereira MF, Bahia AC, Machado EDA, Rossi CC, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Tenebrio molitor as a model system to study Staphylococcus spp virulence and horizontal gene transfer. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106304. [PMID: 37567328 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates can provide a valuable alternative to traditional vertebrate animal models for studying bacterial and fungal infections. This study aimed to establish the larvae of the coleoptera Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as an in vivo model for evaluating virulence and horizontal gene transfer between Staphylococcus spp. After identifying the best conditions for rearing T. molitor, larvae were infected with different Staphylococcus species, resulting in dose-dependent killing curves. All species tested killed the insects at higher doses, with S. nepalensis and S. aureus being the most and least virulent, respectively. However, only S. nepalensis was able to kill more than 50% of larvae 72 h post-infection at a low amount of 105 CFU. Staphylococcus infection also stimulated an increase in the concentration of hemocytes present in the hemolymph, which was proportional to the virulence. To investigate T. molitor's suitability as an in vivo model for plasmid transfer studies, we used S. aureus strains as donor and recipient of a plasmid containing the gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2″). By inoculating larvae with non-lethal doses of each, we observed conjugation, and obtained transconjugant colonies with a frequency of 1.6 × 10-5 per donor cell. This study demonstrates the potential of T. molitor larvae as a reliable and cost-effective model for analyzing the virulence of Staphylococcus and, for the first time, an optimal environment for the plasmid transfer between S. aureus carrying antimicrobial resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Geovana Lacerda-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ednildo de Alcântara Machado
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Batista MPB, Cavalcante FS, Alves Cassini ST, Pinto Schuenck R. Diversity of bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes in hospital raw sewage in Southeastern Brazil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:239-250. [PMID: 36640035 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) emerged and spread among humans and animals worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the presence of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the raw sewage of two hospitals in Brazil. Sewage aliquots were inoculated in a selective medium with antibiotics. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF and ARGs were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 208 strains from both hospitals were isolated (H1 = 117; H2 = 91). A wide variety of Enterobacterales and non-Enterobacterales species were isolated and most of them were Enterobacter spp. (13.0%), Proteus mirabilis (10.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.6%). blaTEM and blaKPC were the most frequent β-lactamase-encoding genes and the predominant macrolide resistance genes were mph(A) and mel. Many species had the three tetracycline resistance genes (tetD, tetM, tetA) and strB was the prevalent aminoglycoside resistance gene. Two Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains had the mecA gene. Quinolone, colistin, and vancomycin resistance genes were not found. This study showed that hospital raw sewage is a great ARB and ARG disseminator. Strict monitoring of hospital sewage treatment is needed to avoid the spread of these genes among bacteria in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Pinto Schuenck
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clinical Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061130. [PMID: 35744647 PMCID: PMC9231169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) constitutes the main part of the human skin microbiota. It is widespread in hospitals and among medical staff, resulting in being an emerging microbe causing nosocomial infections. S. haemolyticus, especially strains that cause nosocomial infections, are more resistant to antibiotics than other coagulase-negative Staphylococci. There is clear evidence that the resistance genes can be acquired by other Staphylococcus species through S. haemolyticus. Severe infections are recorded with S. haemolyticus such as meningitis, endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, bacteremia, septicemia, peritonitis, and otitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. In addition, S. haemolyticus species were detected in dogs, breed kennels, and food animals. The main feature of pathogenic S. haemolyticus isolates is the formation of a biofilm which is involved in catheter-associated infections and other nosocomial infections. Besides the biofilm formation, S. haemolyticus secretes other factors for bacterial adherence and invasion such as enterotoxins, hemolysins, and fibronectin-binding proteins. In this review, we give updates on the clinical infections associated with S. haemolyticus, highlighting the antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates, and the virulence factors associated with the disease development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Souza-Silva T, Rossi CC, Andrade-Oliveira AL, Vilar LC, Pereira MF, Penna BDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Interspecies transfer of plasmid-borne gentamicin resistance between Staphylococcus isolated from domestic dogs to Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105230. [PMID: 35104683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As preconized by the One Health concept, the intimate relationship between pets and owners is a common source for the trade of microorganisms with zoonotic potential, and with them, antimicrobial resistance genes. In this work, we evaluated the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, that are usually within mobile genetic elements, in a laboratory collection of 79 canine Staphylococcus strains, mostly Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus coagulans. Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 34% of the strains, followed by resistance to erythromycin (21%) and gentamicin (19%). These phenotypes were partially correlated with the presence of the tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(K) in 64% and 44% of all strains, respectively; erythromycin resistance genes erm(A) and erm(C) in 53% and 23%; and gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2″) in 26% of the strains. At least 45% of the strains harbored high- and/or low-molecular weight plasmids, whose transfer may be facilitated by their widespread biofilm-forming capacity, and absence of restrictive CRISPR systems. We selected eight plasmid-bearing and multidrug resistant strains, which were submitted to plasmid curing by stress with SDS. No strain lost resistance during stressing cultivation but, by conjugation experiments, the S. pseudintermedius strain 27 transferred its plasmid-borne resistance to gentamicin, conferred by the aac(6')-aph(2″) gene, to Staphylococcus aureus. The frequent empirical use of gentamicin to treat skin and ear infections in domestic dogs is likely to select resistant strains. Also, as demonstrated by our study, these strains can serve as gene reservoirs for human pathogens, such as S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cecílio Vilar
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Araujo-Alves AV, Kraychete GB, Gilmore MS, Barros EM, Giambiagi-deMarval M. shsA: A novel orthologous of sasX/sesI virulence genes is detected in Staphylococcus haemolyticus Brazilian strains. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 97:105189. [PMID: 34920103 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface protein SasX, has a key role in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and pathogenesis, and has been associated with the epidemic success of some MRSA clones. To date, only one SasX homologous protein, named SesI, has been described in Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this work, we analyze the occurrence of the sasX gene and its genetic environment in Staphylococcus haemolyticus S. haemolyticus clinical strains (n = 62) were screened for the presence of the sasX gene and its carrier, the prophage Φ SPβ-like. A deep characterization was done in one strain (MD43), through which we determined the complete nucleotide sequence for the S. haemolitycus sasX-like gene. Whole genome sequencing of strain MD43 was performed, and the gene, termed here because of its unique attributes, shsA, was mapped to the Φ SPβ-like prophage sequence. The shsA gene was detected in 33 out of 62 strains showing an average identity of 92 and 96% with the sasX and sesI genes and at the amino acid level, 88% identity with SasX and 92% identity with SesI. The ~124Kb Φ SPβ-like prophage sequence showed a largely intact prophage compared to its counterpart in S. epidermidis strain RP62A, including the sesI insertion site. In conclusion, we identified a new sasX ortholog in S. haemolyticus (shsA). Its horizontal spread from this reservoir could represent an emergent threat in healthcare facilities since so far, no S. aureus sasX+ strains have been reported in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V Araujo-Alves
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Kraychete
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michael S Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elaine M Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kizerwetter-Świda M, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M, Binek M. Molecular characterization of high-level mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109160. [PMID: 34197979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) is determined by the plasmid-located ileS2 gene flanked by two copies of the insertion sequence 257 (IS257). The molecular epidemiology of high-level mupirocin-resistant isolates could be assessed by the determination of their IS257-ileS2 spacer regions conformation. In this study, 188 isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci were subjected to the detection of HLMR, and analysis of the conformation of the IS257-ileS2 spacer regions. Mupirocin resistance was detected in five (2,6%) isolates, among which two were recognized as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, two as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and one as Staphylococcus aureus. High-level mupirocin resistance was revealed by the agar disk diffusion method, and MIC values, and was confirmed by the detection of the ileS2 gene. The conformations of the IS257-ileS2 spacer regions were homologous in two S. haemolyticus strains tested. The remaining three isolates showed diverse IS257-ileS2 conformations. The results of this study indicate that HLMR occasionally occurs in staphylococci isolated from companion animals. The heterogeneity and the homogeneity of the IS257-ileS2 spacer regions confirm that the ileS2 gene spread among staphylococci of animal origin by the transfer of different as well as the same plasmids. Surveillance of the occurrence of mupirocin resistance and molecular characterization of resistant isolates are strongly recommended due to the possibility of plasmid-located resistance gene transfer between staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Binek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong H, Wang Y, Shi Z, Zhang L, Ren H, He W, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Zhao J, Xiao F, Yang F, Liang T, Ye F, Zhong B, Ruan S, Gan M, Zhu J, Li F, Li F, Wang D, Li J, Ren P, Zhu S, Yang H, Wang J, Kristiansen K, Tun HM, Chen W, Zhong N, Xu X, Li YM, Li J, Zhao J. Characterization of respiratory microbial dysbiosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Discov 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33850111 PMCID: PMC8043102 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the microbial composition of the respiratory tract and other infected tissues as well as their possible pathogenic contributions to varying degrees of disease severity in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. Between 27 January and 26 February 2020, serial clinical specimens (sputum, nasal and throat swab, anal swab and feces) were collected from a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including 8 mildly and 15 severely ill patients in Guangdong province, China. Total RNA was extracted and ultra-deep metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed in combination with laboratory diagnostic assays. We identified distinct signatures of microbial dysbiosis among severely ill COVID-19 patients on broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Co-detection of other human respiratory viruses (including human alphaherpesvirus 1, rhinovirus B, and human orthopneumovirus) was demonstrated in 30.8% (4/13) of the severely ill patients, but not in any of the mildly affected patients. Notably, the predominant respiratory microbial taxa of severely ill patients were Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Mycoplasma spp. (including M. hominis and M. orale). The presence of the former two bacterial taxa was also confirmed by clinical cultures of respiratory specimens (expectorated sputum or nasal secretions) in 23.1% (3/13) of the severe cases. Finally, a time-dependent, secondary infection of B. cenocepacia with expressions of multiple virulence genes was demonstrated in one severely ill patient, which might accelerate his disease deterioration and death occurring one month after ICU admission. Our findings point to SARS-CoV-2-related microbial dysbiosis and various antibiotic-resistant respiratory microbes/pathogens in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Detection and tracking strategies are needed to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance, improve the treatment regimen and clinical outcomes of hospitalized, severely ill COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanzi Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhun Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Infectious disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Guangzhou Customs District Technology Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Huahui Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weiqun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Fangming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tianzhu Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Bei Zhong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicong Ruan
- Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Daxi Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Peidi Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hein Min Tun
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Yi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
- Institute of Infectious disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
França A, Gaio V, Lopes N, Melo LDR. Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Pathogens 2021; 10:170. [PMID: 33557202 PMCID: PMC7913919 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as major pathogens in healthcare-associated facilities, being S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and, more recently, S. lugdunensis, the most clinically relevant species. Despite being less virulent than the well-studied pathogen S. aureus, the number of CoNS strains sequenced is constantly increasing and, with that, the number of virulence factors identified in those strains. In this regard, biofilm formation is considered the most important. Besides virulence factors, the presence of several antibiotic-resistance genes identified in CoNS is worrisome and makes treatment very challenging. In this review, we analyzed the different aspects involved in CoNS virulence and their impact on health and food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.); (N.L.)
| | | | | | - Luís D. R. Melo
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andrade-Oliveira AL, Rossi CC, Souza-Silva T, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Staphylococcus nepalensis, a commensal of the oral microbiota of domestic cats, is a reservoir of transferrable antimicrobial resistance. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:727-734. [PMID: 32520697 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus nepalensis is a commensal bacterium from the oral microbiota of domestic cats, with a still obscure clinical importance. In this work, we analysed the ability of feline strains of S. nepalensis to transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans through plasmids. To this end, we first analysed all publicly available genomes from cat staphylococci using computational methods to build a pan-resistome. Genes that encode resistance to erythromycin, gentamicin, mupirocin and tetracycline, common to human and cat staphylococci and previously described to be located in mobile genetic elements, were chosen for the next analyses. We studied 15 strains of S. nepalensis, which were shown to be genetically different by GTG5-PCR. As observed by disc diffusion, resistance to tetracycline was widespread (80 %), followed by resistance to erythromycin (40 %), gentamicin (27 %) and mupirocin (7 %). The strains were positive for several antimicrobial resistance genes and more than half of them harboured plasmids. The loss of plasmids and resistance genes in some strains were induced by stress with SDS. Through conjugation experiments, we observed that these plasmids can be transferred to S. aureus, thus increasing its potential to resist drug therapy. Our findings show that S. nepalensis, an underestimated inhabitant of the cat microbiota, can be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes for S. aureus and, like many other staphylococci, be an overlooked and silent threat to their animal hosts and humans living with them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rossi CC, Pereira MF, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Underrated Staphylococcus species and their role in antimicrobial resistance spreading. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190065. [PMID: 32052827 PMCID: PMC7198029 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance has shed light on the interconnection between humans, animals, the environment, and their roles in the exchange and spreading of resistance genes. In this review, we present evidences that show that Staphylococcus species, usually referred to as harmless or opportunistic pathogens, represent a threat to human and animal health for acting as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. The capacity of genetic exchange between isolates of different sources and species of the Staphylococcus genus is discussed with emphasis on mobile genetic elements, the contribution of biofilm formation, and evidences obtained either experimentally or through genome analyses. We also discuss the involvement of CRISPR-Cas systems in the limitation of horizontal gene transfer and its suitability as a molecular clock to describe the history of genetic exchange between staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro César Rossi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eed EM, Ghonaim MM, Khalifa AS, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Taha AA. Prevalence of mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization strategies. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:1319-1323. [PMID: 31204092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antimicrobial decolonization in the clinical setting may lead to an increase in the prevalence of multiresistance to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) owing to their selection. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MRSA decolonization strategies, using mupirocin and chlorhexidine, on their CoNS susceptibility. METHODS A total of 312 CoNS isolates were collected before starting the decolonization protocols "baseline strains" (BLS) group, 330 isolates were collected after application of the targeted decolonization protocol "targeted decolonization strains" group, and 355 isolates were collected after application of the universal decolonization protocol "universal decolonization strains" group. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS) were identified and tested for mupirocin and chlorhexidine susceptibilities. Heptaplex polymerase chain reaction assay was applied for simultaneous screening for chlorhexidine (CHX-R) and mupirocin resistance (Mu-R) genes. RESULTS Mu-R prevalence of MR-CoNS among the BLS group was considered moderate (9.1%); however, CHX-R in the BLS group was 5.8%, the rate of which significantly increased among the universal decolonization strains group. DISCUSSION Both MRSA decolonization strategies have an additional benefit in reducing the prevalence of MR-CoNS. The prevalence Mu-R rate didn't change significantly during either of the MRSA decolonization practices that may be due to the local nature of mupirocin application on the nasal mucosa only. In contrast CHX-R that was found to be significantly higher among the UDS group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that both MRSA decolonization strategies have an additional benefit in reducing the prevalence of MR-CoNS. Although the universal MRSA decolonization has superior efficacy in decolonization of CoNS, it may increase the risk of selecting CHX-R and Mu-R. In addition, other potential resistance genes should be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Eed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mabrouk M Ghonaim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany S Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aza A Taha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kizerwetter-Świda M, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Rzewuska M. High-level mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:238. [PMID: 31291949 PMCID: PMC6617863 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mupirocin is one of the few antimicrobials active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and is frequently used for the eradication of MRSA nasal colonisation in humans. Initially, mupirocin resistance was recognised in human S. aureus, including MRSA isolates, then also among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Nowadays, mupirocin resistance is occasionally observed in canine staphylococci, along with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains, as well as CoNS, which usually show methicillin resistance. In the current study, high-level mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from diseased dogs and cats was investigated. RESULTS Among 140 methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates from dogs and cats, three showed high-level mupirocin resistance in a screening test using the agar disk diffusion method. One was recognised as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, one as methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius, and one as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus. S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus were isolated from dogs, S. haemolyticus was obtained from a cat. All isolates showed high-level mupirocin resistance, confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of above 1024 μg/ml and the presence of the plasmid-located gene ileS2. This is the first report on the detection of high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) in S. haemolyticus of feline origin. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the occurrence of HLMR in three Staphylococcus isolates obtained from companion animals in Poland. The results of this study indicate that the monitoring of mupirocin resistance in staphylococci of animal origin, especially in methicillin-resistant isolates, is strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego, 802-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego, 802-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego, 802-786, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Coimbra-E-Souza V, Rossi CC, Jesus-de Freitas LJ, Brito MAVP, Laport MS, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Short communication: Diversity of species and transmission of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5518-5524. [PMID: 30928272 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing production of goat milk and its derivatives is affected by the occurrence of intramammary infections, which are highly associated with the presence of Staphylococcus species, including some with zoonotic potential. Staphylococci in general can exchange mobile genetic elements, a process that may be facilitated by the isolate's capacity of forming biofilms. In this study we identified, to the species level, Staphylococcus isolated from goat milk samples by MALDI-TOF and confirmed the identification by sequencing housekeeping genes (rrs and tuf). Eight species were identified, more than half being either Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The isolates were shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to be genetically diverse between the studied herds. Resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was widespread, and 2 Staph. epidermidis isolates contained the methicillin-resistance gene mecA. Most of the isolates that were resistant to at least 1 of the 13 antimicrobials tested harbored plasmids, one of which was demonstrated to be conjugative, being transferred from a Staph. epidermidis to a Staphylococcus aureus strain. Biofilm formation was observed in almost every isolate, which may contribute to their capacity of exchanging antimicrobial resistance genes in addition to acting as a physical barrier to the access of drugs. Our results showed that antimicrobial resistance among goat staphylococci may be emerging in a process facilitated by the exchange of mobile genetic elements between the bacteria and the establishment of biofilms, which calls for careful monitoring and more effective control therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Coimbra-E-Souza
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ciro C Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana J Jesus-de Freitas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marinella S Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Otalu OJ, Kwaga JKP, Okolocha EC, Islam MZ, Moodley A. High Genetic Similarity of MRSA ST88 Isolated From Pigs and Humans in Kogi State, Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3098. [PMID: 30619177 PMCID: PMC6305073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the prevalence and genetic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pigs and humans between September 2013 and February 2015 in Kogi State, a central region in Nigeria. A total of 680 nasal swabs were collected and analyzed from pigs (n = 425) and “pig-contact” humans (n = 55) on 35 farms, and “non-pig-contact” humans (n = 200). MRSA was recovered from 20 (4.7%) pigs on 12 farms and 18 (7.0%) humans. Six (2.4%) of the human isolates were recovered from “pig-contact” humans, of which only three work on farms also harboring MRSA positive pigs. All 38 MRSA were resistant to β-lactams only, belonged to spa type t1603, sequence type (ST) 88, and mecA was associated with a SCCmec IVa element. Four isolates from a pig, a pig-contact human from the same farm, a pig-contact human from a pig farm in a different district, and a non-pig-contact human were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Core genome SNP analysis revealed high genetic similarity between strains (3–11 SNP differences), despite the temporal (2 year gap) and geographic (165 km) differences between isolates. Furthermore, these Nigerian isolates form a distinct clade when compared to other African MRSA ST88 isolates. All but one porcine strain was positive for scn suggesting a possible human origin and that pigs were either transiently contaminated by humans or result of a very recent human-to-pig transmission event. To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetically confirmed MRSA in pigs in Nigeria, which appear to be a typical CA-MRSA clone present in the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otalu Jnr Otalu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K P Kwaga
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chukuwdi Okolocha
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Md Zohorul Islam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rossi C, Salgado B, Barros E, de Campos Braga P, Eberlin M, Lilenbaum W, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis with transferrable mupirocin resistance from canine skin. Vet J 2018; 235:70-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Rossi CC, Souza-Silva T, Araújo-Alves AV, Giambiagi-deMarval M. CRISPR-Cas Systems Features and the Gene-Reservoir Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1545. [PMID: 28861060 PMCID: PMC5559504 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The claimed role of gene reservoir of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) could be contradicted by estimates that CRISPR/Cas systems are found in the genomes of 40–50% of bacteria, as these systems interfere with plasmid uptake in staphylococci. To further correlate this role with presence of CRISPR, we analyzed, by computational methods, 122 genomes from 15 species of CoNS. Only 15% of them harbored CRISPR/Cas systems, and this proportion was much lower for S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, the CoNS most frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. These systems are of type II or III, and at least two of them are located within SCCmec, a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. An analysis of the spacers of these CRISPRs, which come from exogenous origin, allowed us to track the transference of the SCCmec, which was exchanged between different strains, species and hosts. Some of the spacers are derived from plasmids described in Staphylococcus species that are different from those in which the CRISPR are found, evidencing the attempt (and failure) of plasmid transference between them. Based on the polymorphisms of the cas1 gene in CRISPRs of types II and III, we developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suitable to screen and type CRISPR systems in CoNS. The PCR was tested in 59 S. haemolyticus strains, of which only two contained a type III cas1. This gene was shown to be expressed in the exponential growth, stationary phase and during biofilm formation. The low abundance of CRISPRs in CoNS is in accordance with their role as gene reservoirs, but when present, their spacers sequence evidence and give an insight on the dynamics of horizontal genetic transfer among staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro C Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda V Araújo-Alves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rossi CC, da Silva Dias I, Muniz IM, Lilenbaum W, Giambiagi-deMarval M. The oral microbiota of domestic cats harbors a wide variety of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:136-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|