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Martin NH, Zalmat AS, Ellis BS, McGarvey S, Simmons-Frazier K, Mancusi K, Sotola VA. Does Asymmetric Reproductive Isolation Predict the Direction of Introgression in Plants? Genes (Basel) 2025; 16:124. [PMID: 40004453 PMCID: PMC11855407 DOI: 10.3390/genes16020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) results in the reduction of interspecific hybridization and the maintenance of species boundaries. Asymmetries in RI, where one species more frequently serves as the maternal or paternal parent in initial F1 hybrid formation, are commonly observed in plants. Asymmetric introgression, the predominantly unidirectional transfer of genetic material through hybridization and backcrossing, has also been frequently documented in hybridizing plant taxa as well. This study investigates whether asymmetries in total RI measured between species can predict the direction of introgression in naturally hybridizing plant taxa. A meta-analysis was conducted on 19 plant species pairs with published data on both asymmetric total RI, and asymmetric introgression. Species pairs that met these criteria were identified through a comprehensive literature review. A two-tailed binomial test was performed to evaluate whether asymmetric RI was associated with asymmetries in introgression. No significant relationship was found between asymmetries in total RI and the direction of introgression (p = 0.3593). Asymmetric RI largely does not predict the direction of introgression. Rather, introgression patterns may be better understood by examining F1 and later-generation hybrids in natural settings, focusing on their fitness, mating behaviors, and the ecological and demographic factors that shape hybrid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noland H. Martin
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | | | - Bailey S. Ellis
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Sophia McGarvey
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | | | - Katelin Mancusi
- Biology Department, SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA (V.A.S.)
| | - V. Alex Sotola
- Biology Department, SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA (V.A.S.)
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2
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Zhou Q, Karunarathne P, Andersson-Li L, Chen C, Opgenoorth L, Heer K, Piotti A, Vendramin GG, Nakvasina E, Lascoux M, Milesi P. Recurrent hybridization and gene flow shaped Norway and Siberian spruce evolutionary history over multiple glacial cycles. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17495. [PMID: 39148357 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Most tree species underwent cycles of contraction and expansion during the Quaternary. These cycles led to an ancient and complex genetic structure that has since been affected by extensive gene flow and by strong local adaptation. The extent to which hybridization played a role in this multi-layered genetic structure is important to be investigated. To study the effect of hybridization on the joint population genetic structure of two dominant species of the Eurasian boreal forest, Picea abies and P. obovata, we used targeted resequencing and obtained around 480 K nuclear SNPs and 87 chloroplast SNPs in 542 individuals sampled across most of their distribution ranges. Despite extensive gene flow and a clear pattern of Isolation-by-Distance, distinct genetic clusters emerged, indicating the presence of barriers and corridors to migration. Two cryptic refugia located in the large hybrid zone between the two species played a critical role in shaping their current distributions. The two species repeatedly hybridized during the Pleistocene and the direction of introgression depended on latitude. Our study suggests that hybridization helped both species to overcome main shifts in their distribution ranges during glacial cycles and highlights the importance of considering whole species complex instead of separate entities to retrieve complex demographic histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhou
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piyal Karunarathne
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Universitäts Straße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lili Andersson-Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska L2:02, Solna, Sweden
| | - Chen Chen
- Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Heer
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Eva Mayr-Stihl Professorship for Forest Genetics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Nakvasina
- Department of Forestry and Forest Management, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Milesi
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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McLay TGB, Fowler RM, Fahey PS, Murphy DJ, Udovicic F, Cantrill DJ, Bayly MJ. Phylogenomics reveals extreme gene tree discordance in a lineage of dominant trees: hybridization, introgression, and incomplete lineage sorting blur deep evolutionary relationships despite clear species groupings in Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 187:107869. [PMID: 37423562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are a large and ecologically important group of plants on the Australian continent, and understanding their evolution is important in understanding evolution of the unique Australian flora. Previous phylogenies using plastome DNA, nuclear-ribosomal DNA, or random genome-wide SNPs, have been confounded by limited genetic sampling or by idiosyncratic biological features of the eucalypts, including widespread plastome introgression. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia (22 species from western, northern, central and eastern Australia), in the first study to apply a target-capture sequencing approach using custom, eucalypt-specific baits (of 568 genes) to a lineage of Eucalyptus. Multiple accessions of all species were included, and target-capture data were supplemented by separate analyses of plastome genes (average of 63 genes per sample). Analyses revealed a complex evolutionary history likely shaped by incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Gene tree discordance generally increased with phylogenetic depth. Species, or groups of species, toward the tips of the tree are mostly supported, and three major clades are identified, but the branching order of these clades cannot be confirmed with confidence. Multiple approaches to filtering the nuclear dataset, by removing genes or samples, could not reduce gene tree conflict or resolve these relationships. Despite inherent complexities in eucalypt evolution, the custom bait kit devised for this research will be a powerful tool for investigating the evolutionary history of eucalypts more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd G B McLay
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Vic, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Vic, Australia.
| | - Rachael M Fowler
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Vic, Australia
| | - Patrick S Fahey
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney 2000, NSW, Australia; Qld Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Vic, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Vic, Australia
| | - Frank Udovicic
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Vic, Australia
| | - David J Cantrill
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne 3004, Vic, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael J Bayly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Vic, Australia
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4
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Heterozygous Trees Rebound the Fastest after Felling by Beavers to Positively Affect Arthropod Community Diversity. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although genetic diversity within stands of trees is known to have community-level consequences, whether such effects are present at an even finer genetic scale is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that genetic variability (heterozygosity) within an individual plant would affect its dependent community, which adds a new dimension to the importance of genetic diversity. Our study contrasted foliar arthropod community diversity and microsatellite marker-derived measures of genetic diversity of cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees that had been felled by beavers (Castor canadensis) and were resprouting, relative to adjacent standing, unfelled trees. Three patterns emerged: 1. Productivity (specific leaf area), phytochemical defenses (salicortin), and arthropod community richness, abundance, and diversity were positively correlated with the heterozygosity of individual felled trees, but not with that of unfelled trees; 2. These relationships were not explained by population substructure, genetic relatedness of the trees, or hybridization; 3. The underlying mechanism appears to be that beaver herbivory stimulates increased productivity (i.e., 2× increase from the most homozygous to the most heterozygous tree) that is the greatest in more heterozygous trees. Salicortin defenses in twigs were also expressed at higher concentrations in more heterozygous trees (i.e., 3× increase from the most homozygous to the most heterozygous tree), which suggests that this compound may dissuade further herbivory by beavers, as has been found for other mammalian herbivores. We suggest that high stress to trees as a consequence of felling reveals a heterozygosity–productivity linkage, which in turn is attractive to arthropods. Although experiments are required to demonstrate causality, these results link the genetic diversity of individual trees to community diversity, supporting the hypothesis that interactions among foundation species (beavers and trees) have community-level effects, and underscores the importance of genetic diversity for biodiversity, conservation, and restoration.
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Vidyagina EO, Kharchenko NN, Shestibratov KA. Efficient Cryopreservation of Populus tremula by In Vitro-Grown Axillary Buds and Genetic Stability of Recovered Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:E77. [PMID: 33401697 PMCID: PMC7823548 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Axillary buds of in vitro microshoots were successfully frozen at -196 °C by the one-step freezing method using the protective vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). Microshoots were taken from 11 transgenic lines and three wild type lines. Influence of different explant pretreatments were analyzed from the point of their influence towards recovery after cryopreservation. It was found out that the use of axillary buds as explants after removal of the apical one increases recovery on average by 8%. The cultivation on growth medium of higher density insignificantly raises the regenerants survival rate. Pretreatment of the osmotic fluid (OF) shows the greatest influence on the survival rate. It leads to the increase in survival rate by 20%. The cryopreservation technology providing regenerants average survival rate of 83% was developed. It was based on the experimental results obtained with explant pretreatment. Incubation time in liquid nitrogen did not affect the explants survival rate after thawing. After six months cryostorage of samples their genetic variability was analyzed. Six variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to analyze genotype variability after the freezing-thawing procedure. The microsatellite analysis showed the genetic status identity of plants after cryopreservation and of the original genotypes. The presence of the recombinant gene in the transgenic lines after cryostorage were confirmed so as the interclonal variation in the growth rate under greenhouse conditions. The developed technique is recommended for long-term storage of various breeding and genetically modified lines of aspen plants, as it provides a high percentage of explants survival with no changes in genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Vidyagina
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Science avenue 6, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia;
| | - Nikolay N. Kharchenko
- Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F.Morozov, 8 Timiryazeva Str., Voronezh 394087, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Science avenue 6, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia;
- Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F.Morozov, 8 Timiryazeva Str., Voronezh 394087, Russia;
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Van Nuland ME, Vincent JB, Ware IM, Mueller LO, Bayliss SLJ, Beals KK, Schweitzer JA, Bailey JK. Intraspecific trait variation across elevation predicts a widespread tree species' climate niche and range limits. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3856-3867. [PMID: 32489616 PMCID: PMC7244802 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change is widely altering environmental conditions which makes accurately predicting species range limits across natural landscapes critical for conservation and management decisions. If climate pressures along elevation gradients influence the distribution of phenotypic and genetic variation of plant functional traits, then such trait variation may be informative of the selective mechanisms and adaptations that help define climatic niche limits. Using extensive field surveys along 16 elevation transects and a large common garden experiment, we tested whether functional trait variation could predict the climatic niche of a widespread tree species (Populus angustifolia) with a double quantile regression approach. We show that intraspecific variation in plant size, growth, and leaf morphology corresponds with the species' total climate range and certain climatic limits related to temperature and moisture extremes. Moreover, we find evidence of genetic clines and phenotypic plasticity at environmental boundaries, which we use to create geographic predictions of trait variation and maximum values due to climatic constraints across the western US. Overall, our findings show the utility of double quantile regressions for connecting species distributions and climate gradients through trait-based mechanisms. We highlight how new approaches like ours that incorporate genetic variation in functional traits and their response to climate gradients will lead to a better understanding of plant distributions as well as identifying populations anticipated to be maladapted to future environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John B. Vincent
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Ian M. Ware
- Institute of Pacific Islands ForestryUSDA Forest ServicePacific Southwest Research StationHiloHIUSA
| | - Liam O. Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Kendall K. Beals
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Joseph K. Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
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7
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Wang D, Wang Z, Kang X, Zhang J. Genetic analysis of admixture and hybrid patterns of Populus hopeiensis and P. tomentosa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4821. [PMID: 30886279 PMCID: PMC6423230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression have resulted in reticulate evolution within the genus Populus. Consequently, the origin and evolutionary history of some hybrids has become blurred. P. hopeiensis and P. tomentosa are endemic to China, and there is still controversy about their origin. We employ phylogeny, Bayesian estimation of admixture, and approximate Bayesian computation to investigate their origin with 10 nuclear DNA and 6 cpDNA regions. The combined evidences firmly support the hypothesis that they are hybrids and dominated by F1s. P. hopeiensis was generated via hybridization between the paternal species P. alba and maternal species P. davidiana. Surprisingly, P. tomentosa was divided into two genetic types with different maternal parents. P. adenopoda hybridized with P. alba directly to generate the first genetic type (mb1) and hybridized with P. davidiana followed by P. alba to generate the second (mb2). In both genetic types, P. alba acted as the male parent. The maternal parent was P. adenopoda and P. davidiana for mb1 and mb2, respectively. Hybridization not only generated these hybrids but also resulted in a unidirectional gene flow from P. davidiana to P. adenopoda. The Populus species have maintained a delicate balance between their genetic integrity and gene exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 066004, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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8
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Chhatre VE, Evans LM, DiFazio SP, Keller SR. Adaptive introgression and maintenance of a trispecies hybrid complex in range‐edge populations of
Populus. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4820-4838. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram E. Chhatre
- Department of Plant Biology University of Vermont Burlington Vermont
| | - Luke M. Evans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | | | - Stephen R. Keller
- Department of Plant Biology University of Vermont Burlington Vermont
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9
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McKown AD, Guy RD. Hybrid vigour - poplars play it cool. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:785-788. [PMID: 29788373 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athena D McKown
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Zanewich KP, Pearce DW, Rood SB. Heterosis in poplar involves phenotypic stability: cottonwood hybrids outperform their parental species at suboptimal temperatures. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:789-800. [PMID: 29509939 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis or hybrid vigor is common in hybrid poplars, and to investigate its occurrence and physiological basis we compared narrowleaf cottonwoods, Populus angustifolia James, prairie cottonwoods, Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh, and their native intersectional hybrids, P. × acuminata Rydb., from Alberta, Canada. Clonal replicates from 10 separate trees from each taxon were raised in growth chambers at different temperatures (T). Growth was similarly vigorous across the taxa at 20 and 24 °C, and morphological and physiological traits of the hybrids were generally intermediate between the parental species, or similar to the larger parent, demonstrating additive inheritance or dominance, respectively. Growth declined at 18 and 15 °C particularly in the parental species, and consequently hybrid vigor was displayed for root and especially leaf growth. Stomatal distributions and chlorophyll indices were intermediate in the hybrids and unaffected by T. Foliar nitrogen (N), net assimilation (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) per unit of leaf area were lower in the hybrids, but the hybrids generally had larger leaf areas. Water-use efficiencies (Asat/gs) were similar across the taxa and reduced with warming, while nitrogen-use efficiencies (Asat/N) increased. δ13C was correlated with leaf mass per area, which varied across the taxa. Photosynthesis (Asat) was correlated with chlorophyll content index, N and/or gs in P. deltoides and the hybrids, but not in P. angustifolia, indicating different physiological limitations. We conclude that heterosis in P. × acuminata results from the compound benefits from multiple dominant traits, and superior growth particularly at suboptimal conditions. This indicates phenotypic stability or environmental adaptability, whereby heterozygosity provides metabolic diversity that allows hybrids to thrive across a broader environmental range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Zanewich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W., Lethbridge AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - David W Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W., Lethbridge AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Stewart B Rood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W., Lethbridge AB, Canada T1K 3M4
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11
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Woolbright SA, Rehill BJ, Lindroth RL, DiFazio SP, Martinsen GD, Zinkgraf MS, Allan GJ, Keim P, Whitham TG. Large effect quantitative trait loci for salicinoid phenolic glycosides in Populus: Implications for gene discovery. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3726-3737. [PMID: 29686853 PMCID: PMC5901179 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have been used to identify genes underlying many important plant secondary metabolic pathways. However, genes for salicinoid phenolic glycosides (SPGs)—ecologically important compounds with significant commercial, cultural, and medicinal applications—remain largely undescribed. We used a linkage map derived from a full‐sib population of hybrid cottonwoods (Populus spp.) to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the SPGs salicortin and HCH‐salicortin. SSR markers and primer sequences were used to anchor the map to the V3.0 P. trichocarpa genome. We discovered 21 QTL for the two traits, including a major QTL for HCH‐salicortin (R2 = .52) that colocated with a QTL for salicortin on chr12. Using the V3.0 Populus genome sequence, we identified 2,983 annotated genes and 1,480 genes of unknown function within our QTL intervals. We note ten candidate genes of interest, including a BAHD‐type acyltransferase that has been potentially linked to PopulusSPGs. Our results complement other recent studies in Populus with implications for gene discovery and the evolution of defensive chemistry in a model genus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a full‐sib mapping population to identify QTL intervals and gene lists associated with SPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Woolbright
- Department of Biology University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock AR USA
| | - Brian J Rehill
- Department of Chemistry US Naval Academy Annapolis MD USA
| | | | | | - Gregory D Martinsen
- Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen) Department of Biological Sciences Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Gerard J Allan
- Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen) Department of Biological Sciences Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Paul Keim
- Department of Biological Sciences Pathogen and Microbe Institute Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory (EnGGen) Department of Biological Sciences Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
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12
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Tihon E, Imamura H, Dujardin JC, Van Den Abbeele J, Van den Broeck F. Discovery and genomic analyses of hybridization between divergent lineages of Trypanosoma congolense, causative agent of Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6524-6538. [PMID: 28752916 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid populations and introgressive hybridization remain poorly documented in pathogenic micro-organisms, as such that genetic exchange has been argued to play a minor role in their evolution. Recent work demonstrated the existence of hybrid microsatellite profiles in Trypanosoma congolense, a parasitic protozoan with detrimental effects on livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present the first population genomic study of T. congolense, revealing a remarkable number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertions/deletions (indels) and gene deletions among 56 parasite genomes from ten African countries. One group of parasites from Zambia was particularly diverse, displaying a substantial number of heterozygous SNP and indel sites compared to T. congolense parasites from the nine other sub-Saharan countries. Genomewide 5-kb phylogenetic analyses based on phased SNP data revealed that these parasites were the product of hybridization between phylogenetically distinct T. congolense lineages. Other parasites within the same region in Zambia presented a mosaic of haplotypic ancestry and genetic variability, indicating that hybrid parasites persisted and recombined beyond the initial hybridization event. Our observations challenge traditional views of trypanosome population biology and encourage future research on the role of hybridization in spreading genes for drug resistance, pathogenicity and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Tihon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hideo Imamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Den Abbeele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Jarvis KJ, Allan GJ, Craig AJ, Beresic-Perrins RK, Wimp G, Gehring CA, Whitham TG. Arthropod communities on hybrid and parental cottonwoods are phylogenetically structured by tree type: Implications for conservation of biodiversity in plant hybrid zones. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5909-5921. [PMID: 28808554 PMCID: PMC5551273 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hybridization in plants has been recognized as an important pathway in plant speciation, it may also affect the ecology and evolution of associated communities. Cottonwood species (Populus angustifolia and P. fremontii) and their naturally occurring hybrids are known to support different plant, animal, and microbial communities, but no studies have examined community structure within the context of phylogenetic history. Using a community composed of 199 arthropod species, we tested for differences in arthropod phylogenetic patterns within and among hybrid and parental tree types in a common garden. Three major patterns emerged. (1) Phylogenetic diversity (PD) was significantly different between arthropod communities on hybrids and Fremont cottonwood when pooled by tree type. (2) Mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) and net relatedness index (NRI) indicated that communities on hybrid trees were significantly more phylogenetically overdispersed than communities on either parental tree type. (3) Community distance (Dpw) indicated that communities on hybrids were significantly different than parental species. Our results show that arthropod communities on parental and hybrid cottonwoods exhibit significantly different patterns of phylogenetic structure. This suggests that arthropod community assembly is driven, in part, by plant-arthropod interactions at the level of cottonwood tree type. We discuss potential hypotheses to explain the effect of plant genetic dissimilarity on arthropod phylogenetic community structure, including the role of competition and environmental filtering. Our findings suggest that cottonwood species and their hybrids function as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) that affect the assembly and composition of associated arthropod communities and deserve high priority for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Jarvis
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA.,Biology Department Southern Utah University Cedar City UT USA
| | - Gerard J Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA.,Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Ashley J Craig
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Gina Wimp
- Department of Biology Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA.,Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA.,Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Flagstaff AZ USA
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14
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Paige KN, Capman WC, Jennetten P. MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE PATTERNS ACROSS A COTTONWOOD HYBRID ZONE: CYTONUCLEAR DISEQUILIBRIA AND HYBRID ZONE DYNAMICS. Evolution 2017; 45:1360-1369. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1990] [Accepted: 02/04/1991] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken N. Paige
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - William C. Capman
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Peter Jennetten
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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15
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Rieseberg LH, Baird SJE, Desrochers AM. PATTERNS OF MATING IN WILD SUNFLOWER HYBRID ZONES. Evolution 2017; 52:713-726. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb03696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/1997] [Accepted: 02/24/1998] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrée M. Desrochers
- Department of Biological Sciences; Butler University; 4600 Sunrise Avenue Indianapolis Indiana 46208
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16
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Paige KN, Capman WC. THE EFFECTS OF HOST‐PLANT GENOTYPE, HYBRIDIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENT ON GALL‐APHID ATTACK AND SURVIVAL IN COTTONWOOD: THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC STUDIES AND THE UTILITY OF RFLPS. Evolution 2017; 47:36-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/1991] [Accepted: 06/03/1992] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken N. Paige
- Institute for Environmental Studies Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, University of Illinois Urbana 61801 IL USA
| | - William C. Capman
- Institute for Environmental Studies Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, University of Illinois Urbana 61801 IL USA
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17
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de Lafontaine G, Bousquet J. Asymmetry matters: A genomic assessment of directional biases in gene flow between hybridizing spruces. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3883-3893. [PMID: 28616185 PMCID: PMC5468134 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing directional bias in interspecific gene flow might be important in determining the evolutionary trajectory of closely related species pairs. Using a set of 300 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) having variable propensity to cross species boundary, we evaluated the genomic extent and direction of interspecific gene flow in a progenitor‐derivative spruce species pair (black spruce and red spruce). A higher rate of gene flow was found from black spruce toward red spruce purebreds than vice versa. This asymmetry could reflect the historical gene flow between the two taxa at the time of species inception and during postglacial colonization. A clear asymmetry in introgression was depicted by a greater gene flow between red spruce and hybrids than between black spruce and hybrids. While backcrossing toward red spruce was invariably high across the genome, the actual species boundary is between hybrids and black spruce where gene flow is impeded at those genomic regions impermeable to introgression. Associations between hybrid index and climatic variables (total annual precipitation and mean annual temperature) were tested, as these might indicate a role for exogenous selection in maintaining the species boundary. While an apparent association was found between the hybrid index and precipitation, it collapsed when considered in light of the directional bias in interspecific gene flow. Hence, considering asymmetrical patterns of introgression allowed us to falsify an apparent role for exogenous selection. Although this was not formerly tested here, we suggest that this pattern could result from asymmetrical endogenous selection, a contention that deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology Université Laval Québec QC Canada.,Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL USA
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Genomics Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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18
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19
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An M, Deng M, Zheng SS, Jiang XL, Song YG. Introgression Threatens the Genetic Diversity of Quercus austrocochinchinensis (Fagaceae), an Endangered Oak: A Case Inferred by Molecular Markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:229. [PMID: 28270827 PMCID: PMC5318416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural introgression can cause negative effects where rare species experience genetic assimilation and invade by their abundant congeners. Quercus austrocochinchinensis and Q. kerrii (subgenus Cyclobalanopsis) are a pair of closely related species in the Indo-China area. Morphological intermediates of the two species have been reported in this region. In this study, we used AFLP, SSR and two key leaf morphological diagnostic traits to study the two Q. austrocochinchinensis populations, two pure Q. kerrii and two putative hybrid populations in China. Rates of individual admixture were examined using the Bayesian clustering programs STRUCTURE and NewHybrids, with no a priori species assignment. In total, we obtained 151 SSR alleles and 781 polymorphic loci of AFLP markers. Population differentiation inferred by SSR and AFLP was incoherent with recognized species boundaries. Bayesian admixture analyses and principal coordinate analysis identified more hybrids and backcrossed individuals than morphological intermediates in the populations. SSR inferred a wide genetic assimilation in Q. austrocochinchinensis, except for subpopulation D2 in the core area of Xi-Shuang-Ban-Na Nature Reserve (XSBN). However, AFLP recognized more Q. austrocochinchinensis purebreds than SSR. Analysis using NewHybrids on AFLP data indicated that these hybridized individuals were few F2 and predominantly backcrosses with both parental species. All these evidences indicate the formation of a hybrid swarm at XSBN where the two species co-exist. Both AFLP and SSR recognized that the core protected area of XSBN (D2) has a high percentage of Q. austrocochinchinensis purebreds and a unique germplasm. The Hainan population and the other subpopulations of XSBN of the species might have lost their genetic integrity. Our results revealed a clear genetic differentiation in the populations and subpopulations of Q. austrocochinchinensis and ongoing introgression between Q. austrocochinchinensis and Q. kerrii at the disturbed contact areas. Combining the results from genetic and morphological analyses, the conservation of subpopulation D2 should be prioritized. Conservation and restoration of the integrity of tropical ravine rainforest is an important long-term goal for the successful conservation of Q. austrocochinchinensis. The fine-scale landscape might play an essential role in shaping the spatial patterns of hybridization. Further studies are needed to evaluate these patterns and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Min Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Si-Si Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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20
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Wymore AS, Liu CM, Hungate BA, Schwartz E, Price LB, Whitham TG, Marks JC. The Influence of Time and Plant Species on the Composition of the Decomposing Bacterial Community in a Stream Ecosystem. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:825-834. [PMID: 26879940 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Foliar chemistry influences leaf decomposition, but little is known about how litter chemistry affects the assemblage of bacterial communities during decomposition. Here we examined relationships between initial litter chemistry and the composition of the bacterial community in a stream ecosystem. We incubated replicated genotypes of Populus fremontii and P. angustifolia leaf litter that differ in percent tannin and lignin, then followed changes in bacterial community composition during 28 days of decomposition using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. Using a nested experimental design, the majority of variation in bacterial community composition was explained by time (i.e., harvest day) (R(2) = 0.50). Plant species, nested within harvest date, explained a significant but smaller proportion of the variation (R(2) = 0.03). Significant differences in community composition between leaf species were apparent at day 14, but no significant differences existed among genotypes. Foliar chemistry correlated significantly with community composition at day 14 (r = 0.46) indicating that leaf litter with more similar phytochemistry harbor bacterial communities that are alike. Bacteroidetes and β-proteobacteria dominated the bacterial assemblage on decomposing leaves, and Verrucomicrobia and α- and δ-proteobacteria became more abundant over time. After 14 days, bacterial diversity diverged significantly between leaf litter types with fast-decomposing P. fremontii hosting greater richness than slowly decomposing P. angustifolia; however, differences were no longer present after 28 days in the stream. Leaf litter tannin, lignin, and lignin: N ratios all correlated negatively with diversity. This work shows that the bacterial community on decomposing leaves in streams changes rapidly over time, influenced by leaf species via differences in genotype-level foliar chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Wymore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
| | - Cindy M Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Lance B Price
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jane C Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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21
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Jiang D, Feng J, Dong M, Wu G, Mao K, Liu J. Genetic origin and composition of a natural hybrid poplar Populus × jrtyschensis from two distantly related species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:89. [PMID: 27091174 PMCID: PMC4836070 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors that contribute to and maintain hybrid zones between distinct species are highly variable, depending on hybrid origins, frequencies and fitness. In this study, we aimed to examine genetic origins, compositions and possible maintenance of Populus × jrtyschensis, an assumed natural hybrid between two distantly related species. This hybrid poplar occurs mainly on the floodplains along the river valleys between the overlapping distributions of the two putative parents. RESULTS We collected 566 individuals from 45 typical populations of P. × jrtyschensis, P. nigra and P. laurifolia. We genotyped them based on the sequence variations of one maternally inherited chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragment and genetic polymorphisms at 20 SSR loci. We further sequenced eight nuclear genes for 168 individuals from 31 populations. Two groups of cpDNA haplotypes characteristic of P. nigra and P. laurifolia respectively were both recovered for P. × jrtyschensis. Genetic structures and coalescent tests of two sets of nuclear population genetic data suggested that P. × jrtyschensis originated from hybridizations between the two assumed parental species. All examined populations of P. × jrtyschensis comprise mainly F1 hybrids from interspecific hybridizations between P. nigra and P. laurifolia. In the habitats of P. × jrtyschensis, there are lower concentrations of soil nitrogen than in the habitats occupied by the other two species. CONCLUSIONS Our extensive examination of the genetic composition of P. × jrtyschensis suggested that it is typical of F1-dominated hybrid zones. This finding plus the low concentration of soil nitrogen in the floodplain soils support the F1-dominated bounded hybrid superiority hypothesis of hybrid zone maintenance for this particular hybrid poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Jiang
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianju Feng
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
- />College of Plant Sciences, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarimu University, Alar, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Dong
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Guili Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
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22
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Liu X, Wang Z, Shao W, Ye Z, Zhang J. Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Status Analyses of the Abaso Section from Multiple Nuclear Genes and Plastid Fragments Reveal New Insights into the North America Origin of Populus (Salicaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2022. [PMID: 28101098 PMCID: PMC5209371 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although, the Abaso section is widely accepted as an independent section, the taxonomic status of Populus mexicana (section Abaso) has not yet been resolved due to the limited availability markers and/or the lack of P. mexicana specimens in previous studies. Thirty-one poplar species that represent six sections of the Populus genus were sampled, and 23 single-copy nuclear DNA and 34 chloroplast fragments were sequenced. The present study obtained two updated phylogenies of Populus. We found that monophyly of the genus Populus is strongly supported by nuclear and plastid gene, which is consistent with previous studies. P. mexicana, diverged first in the nuclear DNA tree, which occupied the basal position, implying that the section Abaso may be the most ancestral lineage in extant populous species. Given that the short branches and low statistical support for the divergence of sections Abaso and Turanga, this observation probably indicated that a rapid radiation evolution following the early split of the genus Populus. In the plastid tree, P. mexicana clustered with modern-day species of section Tacamahaca in the plastid tree. Based on cytoplasmic and single-copy nuclear marker sequences, we hypothesized that chloroplast capture resulted in the inconsistent position of P. mexicana between the phylogenetic trees. Given the first unequivocal records of poplar fossils from the Eocene with similar leaf morphology to the extant P. mexicana and the phylogenetic positions of P. mexicana in our study, we support the hypothesis that the Populus genus originated in North America, which will provide new insights to the development of the origin of Populus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese academy of ForestryHangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Zhang,
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23
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de Lafontaine G, Prunier J, Gérardi S, Bousquet J. Tracking the progression of speciation: variable patterns of introgression across the genome provide insights on the species delimitation between progenitor-derivative spruces (Picea mariana×P. rubens). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5229-47. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Julien Prunier
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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24
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Valencia-Cuevas L, Tovar-Sánchez E. Oak canopy arthropod communities: which factors shape its structure? REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-015-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Cinget B, de Lafontaine G, Gérardi S, Bousquet J. Integrating phylogeography and paleoecology to investigate the origin and dynamics of hybrid zones: insights from two widespread North American firs. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2856-70. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cinget
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics; Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology; Université Laval; 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Québec QC Canada G1V0A6
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bachmann
- Hugo de Vries Laboratory; University of Amsterdam; Kruislaan 318 NL-1098 SM Amsterdam The Netherlands
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27
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Zalapa JE, Brunet J, Guries RP. The extent of hybridization and its impact on the genetic diversity and population structure of an invasive tree, Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae). Evol Appl 2015; 3:157-68. [PMID: 25567916 PMCID: PMC3352480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulmus pumila is considered an invasive tree in 41 of the United States. In this study, we examined the extent of hybridization in naturalized populations of U. pumila, its impact on genetic diversity and genetic structure and its potential role in explaining the invasion process of U. pumila. Genetic analyses indicated widespread hybridization with native Ulmus rubra in naturalized U. pumila populations. Hybridization increased the genetic diversity of U. pumila populations and affected their genetic structure. The level of genetic diversity in 'mature' accessions, many of which may represent original plantings throughout the USA, was high and similar to the diversity of East Asian accessions. Hybridization with the native red elm may play an important role in the success of Siberian elm as an invader in temperate regions of the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Zalapa
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Johanne Brunet
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raymond P Guries
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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28
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Roe AD, MacQuarrie CJK, Gros-Louis MC, Simpson JD, Lamarche J, Beardmore T, Thompson SL, Tanguay P, Isabel N. Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: I. Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers impacting a native poplar hybrid stand. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1629-47. [PMID: 24967081 PMCID: PMC4063464 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression are pervasive evolutionary phenomena that provide insight into the selective forces that maintain species boundaries, permit gene flow, and control the direction of evolutionary change. Poplar trees (Populus L.) are well known for their ability to form viable hybrids and maintain their distinct species boundaries despite this interspecific gene flow. We sought to quantify the hybridization dynamics and postzygotic fitness within a hybrid stand of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides Marsh.), and their natural hybrids to gain insight into the barriers maintaining this stable hybrid zone. We observed asymmetrical hybrid formation with P. deltoides acting as the seed parent, but with subsequent introgression biased toward P. balsamifera. Native hybrids expressed fitness traits intermediate to the parental species and were not universally unfit. That said, native hybrid seedlings were absent from the seedling population, which may indicate additional selective pressures controlling their recruitment. It is imperative that we understand the selective forces maintaining this native hybrid zone in order to quantify the impact of exotic poplar hybrids on this native system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Centre, Great Lakes Forestry CentreSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Centre, Great Lakes Forestry CentreSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gros-Louis
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - J Dale Simpson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry CentreFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Josyanne Lamarche
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tannis Beardmore
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry CentreFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stacey L Thompson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå Plant Science CentreUmeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
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29
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Roe AD, MacQuarrie CJK, Gros-Louis MC, Simpson JD, Lamarche J, Beardmore T, Thompson SL, Tanguay P, Isabel N. Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: II. Impact of exotic sex on native poplars in an urban jungle. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1876-89. [PMID: 24963382 PMCID: PMC4063481 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trees bearing novel or exotic gene components are poised to contribute to the bioeconomy for a variety of purposes such as bioenergy production, phytoremediation, and carbon sequestration within the forestry sector, but sustainable release of trees with novel traits in large-scale plantations requires the quantification of risks posed to native tree populations. Over the last century, exotic hybrid poplars produced through artificial crosses were planted throughout eastern Canada as ornamentals or windbreaks and these exotics provide a proxy by which to examine the fitness of exotic poplar traits within the natural environment to assess risk of exotic gene escape, establishment, and spread into native gene pools. We assessed postzygotic fitness traits of native and exotic poplars within a naturally regenerated stand in eastern Canada (Quebec City, QC). Pure natives (P. balsamifera and P. deltoides spp. deltoides), native hybrids (P. deltoides × P. balsamifera), and exotic hybrids (trees bearing Populus nigra and P. maximowiczii genetic components) were screened for reproductive biomass, yield, seed germination, and fungal disease susceptibility. Exotic hybrids expressed fitness traits intermediate to pure species and were not significantly different from native hybrids. They formed fully viable seed and backcrossed predominantly with P. balsamifera. These data show that exotic hybrids were not unfit and were capable of establishing and competing within the native stand. Future research will seek to examine the impact of exotic gene regions on associated biotic communities to fully quantify the risk exotic poplars pose to native poplar forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris JK MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - J Dale Simpson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceFredericton, New-Brunswick, Canada
| | - Josyanne Lamarche
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannis Beardmore
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceFredericton, New-Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stacey L Thompson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science CentreUmeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
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RIESEBERG LORENH, WHITTON JEANNETTE, LINDER CRANDAL. Molecular marker incongruence in plant hybrid zones and phylogenetic trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Pregitzer CC, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA. Genetic by environment interactions affect plant-soil linkages. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2322-33. [PMID: 23919173 PMCID: PMC3728968 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of plant intraspecific variation in plant–soil linkages is poorly understood, especially in the context of natural environmental variation, but has important implications in evolutionary ecology. We utilized three 18- to 21-year-old common gardens across an elevational gradient, planted with replicates of five Populus angustifolia genotypes each, to address the hypothesis that tree genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E interactions would affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics beneath individual trees. We found that soil nitrogen and carbon varied by over 50% and 62%, respectively, across all common garden environments. We found that plant leaf litter (but not root) traits vary by genotype and environment while soil nutrient pools demonstrated genotype, environment, and sometimes G × E interactions, while process rates (net N mineralization and net nitrification) demonstrated G × E interactions. Plasticity in tree growth and litter chemistry was significantly related to the variation in soil nutrient pools and processes across environments, reflecting tight plant–soil linkages. These data overall suggest that plant genetic variation can have differential affects on carbon storage and nitrogen cycling, with implications for understanding the role of genetic variation in plant–soil feedback as well as management plans for conservation and restoration of forest habitats with a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara C Pregitzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee
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32
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Hybridization and introgression between the exotic Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, and the native Field elm, U. minor, in Italy. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Populus hybrid hosts drive divergence in the herbivorous mite, Aceria parapopuli: implications for conservation of plant hybrid zones as essential habitat. CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Hamilton JA, Lexer C, Aitken SN. Genomic and phenotypic architecture of a spruce hybrid zone (Picea sitchensis × P. glauca). Mol Ecol 2012; 22:827-41. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Hamilton
- Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics and Department of Forest Sciences; University of British Columbia; 3041-2424 Main Mall Vancouver; BC; Canada; 1Z4
| | - Christian Lexer
- Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology; University of Fribourg; Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg; Switzerland
| | - Sally N. Aitken
- Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics and Department of Forest Sciences; University of British Columbia; 3041-2424 Main Mall Vancouver; BC; Canada; 1Z4
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Lojewski NR, Fischer DG, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Whitham TG, Hart SC. Genetic components to belowground carbon fluxes in a riparian forest ecosystem: a common garden approach. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:631-639. [PMID: 22642377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon dioxide (CO(2)) efflux is a major component of terrestrial carbon (C) cycles; yet, the demonstration of covariation between overstory tree genetic-based traits and soil C flux remains a major frontier in understanding biological controls over soil C. Here, we used a common garden with two native tree species, Populus fremontii and P. angustifolia, and their naturally occurring hybrids to test the predictability of belowground C fluxes on the basis of taxonomic identity and genetic marker composition of replicated clones of individual genotypes. Three patterns emerged: soil CO(2) efflux and ratios of belowground flux to aboveground productivity differ by as much as 50-150% as a result of differences in clone identity and cross type; on the basis of Mantel tests of molecular marker matrices, we found that c. 30% of this variation was genetically based, in which genetically similar trees support more similar soil CO(2) efflux under their canopies than do genetically dissimilar trees; and the patterns detected in an experimental garden match observations in the wild, and seem to be unrelated to measured abiotic factors. Our findings suggest that the genetic makeup of the plants growing on soil has a significant influence on the release of C from soils to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Lojewski
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | | | - Joseph K Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schweitzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Merriam Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Stephen C Hart
- School of Natural Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Relative importance of genetic, ontogenetic, induction, and seasonal variation in producing a multivariate defense phenotype in a foundation tree species. Oecologia 2012; 170:695-707. [PMID: 22652923 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant adaptations for defense against herbivory vary both among species and among genotypes. Moreover, numerous forms of within-plant variation in defense, including ontogeny, induction, and seasonal gradients, allow plants to avoid expending resources on defense when herbivores are absent. We used an 18-year-old cottonwood common garden composed of Populus fremontii, Populus angustifolia, and their naturally occurring F(1) hybrids (collectively referred to as "cross types") to quantify and compare the relative influences of three hierarchical levels of variation (between cross types, among genotypes, and within individual genotypes) on univariate and multivariate phytochemical defense traits. Within genotypes, we evaluated ontogeny, induction (following cottonwood leaf beetle herbivory), and seasonal variation. We compared the effect sizes of each of these sources of variation on the plant defense phenotype. Three major patterns emerged. First, we observed significant differences in concentrations of defense phytochemicals among cross types, and/or among genotypes within cross types. Second, we found significant genetic variation for within-plant differences in phytochemical defenses: (a) based on ontogeny, levels of constitutive phenolic glycosides were nearly three times greater in the mature zone than in the juvenile zone within one cottonwood cross type, but did not significantly differ within another cross type; (b) induced levels of condensed tannins increased up to 65 % following herbivore damage within one cottonwood cross type, but were not significantly altered in another cross type; and (c) concentrations of condensed tannins tended to increase across the season, but did not do so across all cross types. Third, our estimates of effect size demonstrate that the magnitude of within-plant variation in a phytochemical defense can rival the magnitude of differences in defense among genotypes and/or cross types. We conclude that, in cottonwood and likely other plant species, multiple forms of within-individual variation have the potential to substantially influence ecological and evolutionary processes.
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37
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Fogarty ND, Vollmer SV, Levitan DR. Weak prezygotic isolating mechanisms in threatened Caribbean Acropora corals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30486. [PMID: 22348010 PMCID: PMC3279358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caribbean corals, Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis, recently have undergone drastic declines primarily as a result of disease. Previous molecular studies have demonstrated that these species form a hybrid (A. prolifera) that varies in abundance throughout the range of the parental distribution. There is variable unidirectional introgression across loci and sites of A. palmata genes flowing into A. cervicornis. Here we examine the efficacy of prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms within these corals including spawning times and choice and no-choice fertilization crosses. We show that these species have subtly different mean but overlapping spawning times, suggesting that temporal isolation is likely not an effective barrier to hybridization. We found species-specific differences in gametic incompatibilities. Acropora palmata eggs were relatively resistant to hybridization, especially when conspecific sperm are available to outcompete heterospecific sperm. Acropora cervicornis eggs demonstrated no evidence for gametic incompatibility and no evidence of reduced viability after aging four hours. This asymmetry in compatibility matches previous genetic data on unidirectional introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Fogarty
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.
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38
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Latch EK, Kierepka EM, Heffelfinger JR, Rhodes OE. Hybrid swarm between divergent lineages of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5265-79. [PMID: 22066874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of hybrid zones have revealed an array of evolutionary outcomes, yet the underlying structure is typically characterized as one of three types: a hybrid zone, a hybrid swarm or a hybrid taxon. Our primary objective was to determine which of these three structures best characterizes a zone of hybridization between two divergent lineages of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), mule deer and black-tailed deer. These lineages are morphologically, ecologically and genetically distinct, yet hybridize readily along a zone of secondary contact between the east and west slopes of the Cascade Mountains (Washington and Oregon, USA). Using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA, we found clear evidence for extensive hybridization and introgression between lineages, with varying degrees of admixture across the zone of contact. The pattern of hybridization in this region closely resembles a hybrid swarm; based on data from 10 microsatellite loci, we detected hybrids that extend well beyond the F1 generation, did not detect linkage disequilibrium at the centre of the zone and found that genotypes were associated randomly within the zone of contact. Introgression was characterized as bidirectional and symmetric, which is surprising given that the zone of contact occurs along a sharp ecotone and that lineages are characterized by large differences in body size (a key component of mating success). Regardless of the underlying mechanisms promoting hybrid swarm maintenance, it is clear that the persistence of a hybrid swarm presents unique challenges for management in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Latch
- Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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39
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Gonthier P, Garbelotto M. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses reveal massive gene introgression from the European fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum into its introduced congener H. irregulare. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2756-70. [PMID: 21569136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The paucity of fungal species known to be currently hybridizing has significantly hindered our understanding of the mechanisms driving gene introgression in these eukaryotic microbes. Here, we describe an area of hybridization and gene introgression between the invasive plant pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare (introduced from North America) and the native H. annosum in Italy. A STRUCTURE analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism data for 267 individuals identified gene introgression in 8-42% of genotypes in the invasion area, depending on site. Data indicate that introgression is mostly occurring unilaterally from the native to the invasive species and is responsible for 5-45% of genomes in admixed individuals. Sequence analysis of 11 randomly selected and unlinked loci for 30 individuals identified introgression at every locus, thus confirming interspecific gene flow involves a large number of loci. In 37 cases, we documented movement of entire alleles between the two species, but in 7 cases, we also documented the creation of new alleles through intralocus recombination. Sequence analysis did not identify enrichment of either transcriptionally different nonsynonymous alleles or of transcriptionally identical synonymous alleles. These findings may suggest introgression is occurring randomly for extant alleles without an obvious enrichment process driven by selection. However, further studies are needed to ensure selection is not at work elsewhere in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gonthier
- Department of Exploitation and Protection of the Agricultural and Forestry Resources (DIVAPRA), Plant Pathology, University of Turin, Via L. da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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40
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Craft KJ, Ashley MV. Pollen-mediated gene flow in isolated and continuous stands of bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1999-2006. [PMID: 21616847 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Pollination patterns determine the reproductive neighborhood size of plants, the connectivity of populations, and the impacts of habitat fragmentation. We characterized pollination in three populations of Quercus macrocarpa occurring in a highly altered landscape in northeastern Illinois to determine whether isolated remnant stands were reproductively isolated. • METHODS We used microsatellites to genotype all adults and 787 acorns from two isolated savanna remnants and a stand in an old-growth forest. One isolated remnant occurred in a highly urbanized/industrialized landscape, and one occurred in an agricultural landscape. Parentage assignment was used to assess pollen-mediated gene flow. • KEY RESULTS Pollen donors from outside the study sites accounted for between 46% and 53% of paternities and did not differ significantly among sites, indicating that similar high levels of gene flow occurred at all three sites. Within stands, the mean pollination distance ranged from 42 to 70 meters, and when accounting for outside pollinations, mean pollination distances were well over 100 meters. Genetic diversity of incoming pollen was extremely high in all three stands. The number of effective pollen donors, N(ep), calculated from paternity assignment was higher than that estimated by an indirect correlated paternity approach. • CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that extremely isolated stands of oaks are unlikely to be genetically and reproductively isolated, and remnant stands may contribute to maintaining genetic connectivity in highly modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Craft
- Department of Biological Sciences, 845 W. Taylor St., M/C 066, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607 USA
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41
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Terry RG. Re-evaluation of morphological and chloroplast DNA variation in Juniperus osteosperma Hook and Juniperus occidentalis Torr. Little (Cupressaceae) and their putative hybrids. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Soils as agents of selection: feedbacks between plants and soils alter seedling survival and performance. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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THOMPSON STACEYLEE, LAMOTHE MANUEL, MEIRMANS PATRICKG, PÉRINET PIERRE, ISABEL NATHALIE. Repeated unidirectional introgression towardsPopulus balsamiferain contact zones of exotic and native poplars. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:132-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Lojewski NR, Fischer DG, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Whitham TG, Hart SC. Genetic basis of aboveground productivity in two native Populus species and their hybrids. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1133-1142. [PMID: 19578030 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Demonstration of genetic control over riparian tree productivity has major implications for responses of riparian systems to shifting environmental conditions and effects of genetics on ecosystems in general. We used field studies and common gardens, applying both molecular and quantitative techniques, to compare plot-level tree aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP(tree)) and individual tree growth rate constants in relation to plant genetic identity in two naturally occurring Populus tree species and their hybrids. In field comparisons of four cross types (Populus fremontii S. Wats., Populus angustifolia James, F(1) hybrids and backcross hybrids) across 11 natural stands, productivity was greatest for P. fremontii trees, followed by hybrids and lowest in P. angustifolia. A similar pattern was observed in four common gardens across a 290 m elevation and 100 km environmental gradient. Despite a doubling in productivity across the common gardens, the relative differences among the cross types remained constant. Using clonal replicates in a common garden, we found ANPP(tree) to be a heritable plant trait (i.e., broad-sense heritability), such that plant genetic factors explained between 38% and 82% of the variation in ANPP(tree). Furthermore, analysis of the genetic composition among individual tree genotypes using restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular markers showed that genetically similar trees also exhibited similar ANPP(tree). These findings indicate strong genetic contributions to natural variation in ANPP with important ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Lojewski
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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45
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Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Ubeda F, Koricheva J, LeRoy CJ, Madritch MD, Rehill BJ, Bangert RK, Fischer DG, Allan GJ, Whitham TG. From genes to ecosystems: a synthesis of the effects of plant genetic factors across levels of organization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:1607-16. [PMID: 19414474 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two genetic approaches and seven different plant systems, we present findings from a meta-analysis examining the strength of the effects of plant genetic introgression and genotypic diversity across individual, community and ecosystem levels with the goal of synthesizing the patterns to date. We found that (i) the strength of plant genetic effects can be quite high; however, the overall strength of genetic effects on most response variables declined as the levels of organization increased. (ii) Plant genetic effects varied such that introgression had a greater impact on individual phenotypes than extended effects on arthropods or microbes/fungi. By contrast, the greatest effects of genotypic diversity were on arthropods. (iii) Plant genetic effects were greater on above-ground versus below-ground processes, but there was no difference between terrestrial and aquatic environments. (iv) The strength of the effects of intraspecific genotypic diversity tended to be weaker than interspecific genetic introgression. (v) Although genetic effects generally decline across levels of organization, in some cases they do not, suggesting that specific organisms and/or processes may respond more than others to underlying genetic variation. Because patterns in the overall impacts of introgression and genotypic diversity were generally consistent across diverse study systems and consistent with theoretical expectations, these results provide generality for understanding the extended consequences of plant genetic variation across levels of organization, with evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Penet L, Collin CL, Ashman TL. Florivory increases selfing: an experimental study in the wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11:38-45. [PMID: 19121112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Florivores are antagonists that damage flowers, and have direct negative effects on flowering and pollination of the attacked plants. While florivory has mainly been studied for its consequences on seed production or siring success, little is known about its impact on mating systems. Damage to flowers can alter pollinator attraction to the plant and may therefore modify patterns of pollen transfer. However, the consequences of damage for mating systems can take two forms: a decrease in flower number reduces opportunities for intra-inflorescence pollen deposition (geitonogamy), which, in turn, may lead to a decrease in selfing; whereas a decrease in floral display may also reduce overall visitation and thus increase the chances of self-pollination via facilitated or autonomous autogamy. We investigated the effects of damage by a bud-clipping weevil (Anthonomus signatus) in Fragaria virginiana in an experimental setting mimicking natural conditions. We found that increased damage led to an increase in selfing, a result consistent with the increased autogamy pathway. We discuss the implications of this finding and evaluate the generality of florivore-mediated mating system expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Penet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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48
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Individual experience-based foraging can generate community territorial structure for competing ant species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lexer C, Widmer A. Review. The genic view of plant speciation: recent progress and emerging questions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3023-36. [PMID: 18579476 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The genic view of the process of speciation is based on the notion that species isolation may be achieved by a modest number of genes. Although great strides have been made to characterize 'speciation genes' in some groups of animals, little is known about the nature of genic barriers to gene flow in plants. We review recent progress in the characterization of genic species barriers in plants with a focus on five 'model' genera: Mimulus (monkey flowers); Iris (irises); Helianthus (sunflowers); Silene (campions); and Populus (poplars, aspens, cottonwoods). The study species in all five genera are diploid in terms of meiotic behaviour, and chromosomal rearrangements are assumed to play a minor role in species isolation, with the exception of Helianthus for which data on the relative roles of chromosomal and genic isolation factors are available. Our review identifies the following key topics as being of special interest for future research: the role of intraspecific variation in speciation; the detection of balancing versus directional selection in speciation genetic studies; the timing of fixation of alleles of major versus minor effects during plant speciation; the likelihood of adaptive trait introgression; and the identification and characterization of speciation genes and speciation gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lexer
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK.
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50
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Evans LM, Allan GJ, Shuster SM, Woolbright SA, Whitham TG. Tree hybridization and genotypic variation drive cryptic speciation of a specialist mite herbivore. Evolution 2008; 62:3027-40. [PMID: 18752612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the roles that plant hybridization and individual plant genotype play in promoting population divergence within arthropod species. Using nrDNA sequence information and reciprocal transfer experiments, we examined how tree cross type (i.e., pure Populus angustifolia and P. angustifolia x P. fremontii F(1) type hybrids) and individual tree genotype influence host race formation in the bud-galling mite Aceria parapopuli. Three main findings emerged: (1) Strong genetic differentiation of mite populations found on pure P. angustifolia and F(1) type hybrids indicates that these mites represent morphologically cryptic species. (2) Within the F(1) type hybrids, population genetic analyses indicate migration among individual trees; however, (3) transfer experiments show that the mites found on heavily infested F(1) type trees perform best on their natal host genotype, suggesting that genetic interactions between mites and their host trees drive population structure, local adaptation, and host race formation. These findings argue that hybridization and genotypic differences in foundation tree species may drive herbivore population structure, and have evolutionary consequences for dependent arthropod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA.
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