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He H, Ji X, Cao L, Wang Z, Wang X, Li XM, Miao M. Medicine Targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Treat Airway Remodeling and Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression. Can Respir J 2023; 2023:3291957. [PMID: 38074219 PMCID: PMC10701063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3291957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the airway epithelium is associated with airway remodeling and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Many treatments have been shown to inhibit airway remodeling and pulmonary fibrosis progression in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by regulating EMT and have few side effects. This review aimed to describe the development of airway remodeling through the EMT pathway, as well as the potential therapeutic targets in these pathways. Furthermore, this study aimed to review the current research on drugs to treat airway remodeling and their effects on the EMT pathway. Findings. The dysregulation of EMT was associated with airway remodeling in various respiratory diseases. The cytokines released during inflammation may induce EMT and subsequent airway remodeling. Various drugs, including herbal formulations, specific herbal compounds, cytokines, amino acid or protein inhibitors, microRNAs, and vitamins, may suppress airway remodeling by inhibiting EMT-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan He
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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2
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Ma Y, Chen H. Analysis of Chemokine-to-GAG Interactions in Model of Donor Renal Allograft Transplant. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2597:25-38. [PMID: 36374412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2835-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Binding of chemokines to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is classically described as initiating inflammatory cell migration and creating tissue chemokine gradients that direct immune cell responses initiating local leukocyte chemotaxis into damaged or transplanted tissues. The interaction between chemokines and GAGs is an important factor affecting transplant rejection, and blocking the interactions between chemokines and GAGs can significantly reduce acute rejection after transplantation. Here, we investigated the interaction between chemokines and GAGs by establishing a mouse model of acute rejection after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Huang YJ, Chu YC, Chen CW, Yang HC, Huang HL, Hwang JS, Chen CH, Chan TC. Relationship among genetic variants, obesity traits and asthma in the Taiwan Biobank. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001355. [PMID: 36600406 PMCID: PMC9730389 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity and asthma impose a heavy health and economic burden on millions of people around the world. The complex interaction between genetic traits and phenotypes caused the mechanism between obesity and asthma is still vague. This study investigates the relationship among obesity-related polygenic risk score (PRS), obesity phenotypes and the risk of having asthma. METHODS This is a matched case-control study, with 4 controls (8288 non-asthmatic) for each case (2072 asthmatic). Data were obtained from the 2008-2015 Taiwan Biobank Database and linked to the 2000-2016 National Health Insurance Research Database. All participants were ≥30 years old with no history of cancer and had a complete questionnaire, as well as physical examination, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical diagnosis data. Environmental exposure, PM2.5, was also considered. Multivariate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using conditional logistic regression stratified by age and sex. Mediation analysis was also assessed, using a generalised linear model. RESULTS We found that the obese phenotype was associated with significantly increased odds of asthma by approximately 26%. Four obesity-related PRS, including body mass index (OR=1.07 (1.01-1.13)), waist circumference (OR=1.10 (1.04-1.17)), central obesity as defined by waist-to-height ratio (OR=1.09 (1.03-1.15)) and general-central obesity (OR=1.06 (1.00-1.12)), were associated with increased odds of asthma. Additional independent risk factors for asthma included lower educational level, family history of asthma, certain chronic diseases and increased PM2.5 exposure. Obesity-related PRS is an indirect risk factor for asthma, the link being fully mediated by the trait of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obese phenotypes and obesity-related PRS are independent risk factors for having asthma in adults in the Taiwan Biobank. Overall, genetic risk for obesity increases the risk of asthma by affecting the obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jhen Huang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Chu
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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4
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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Heparan Sulfate in Animal Models: Its Biosynthesis and Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041963. [PMID: 35216081 PMCID: PMC8876164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan that plays a key role in a variety of biological functions in neurology, skeletal development, immunology, and tumor metastasis. Biosynthesis of HS is initiated by a link of xylose to Ser residue of HS proteoglycans, followed by the formation of a linker tetrasaccharide. Then, an extension reaction of HS disaccharide occurs through polymerization of many repetitive units consisting of iduronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Subsequently, several modification reactions take place to complete the maturation of HS. The sulfation positions of N-, 2-O-, 6-O-, and 3-O- are all mediated by specific enzymes that may have multiple isozymes. C5-epimerization is facilitated by the epimerase enzyme that converts glucuronic acid to iduronic acid. Once these enzymatic reactions have been completed, the desulfation reaction further modifies HS. Apart from HS biosynthesis, the degradation of HS is largely mediated by the lysosome, an intracellular organelle with acidic pH. Mucopolysaccharidosis is a genetic disorder characterized by an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the body associated with neuronal, skeletal, and visceral disorders. Genetically modified animal models have significantly contributed to the understanding of the in vivo role of these enzymes. Their role and potential link to diseases are also discussed.
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5
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Mousa AM, Almatroudi A, Alwashmi AS, Abdulmonem WA, Aljohani ASM, Alhumaydhi FA, Alsahli MA, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Abdellatif AAH, Khan A, Khan MA, Alshabrmi FM, Alruwetei A, Aljasir M, Aba Alkhayl FF, Rahmani AH, Rugaie OA, Alnuqaydan AM, Alsagaby SA, Aldakheel FM, Almatroodi SA. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111726. [PMID: 34111725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous allergic respiratory disease with diverse inflammatory symptoms, pathology, and responses to treatment. Thyme is a natural product which is consisted of multiple phenolic compounds of therapeutic significance for treatment of cough and bronchitis. This study evaluated the efficacy of thyme oil against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BA in an experimental rabbit model. Forty male rabbits were divided into four equal groups [control group (G1), OVA (G2), thyme oil (G3), and OVA plus thyme oil (G4)]. Animals were treated for 30 days, and clinical, histopathological (HP), histochemical (HC), immunohistochemical (IHC), morphometric, biochemical and flow cytometry methods were performed, followed by statistical analysis. All used methods revealed normal structure of the lung tissues in rabbits of G1 and G3. In contrast, the clinical examination of G2 rabbits revealed an obvious increase in the respiratory rate, sneezing and wheezing, whereas the HP, HC and IHC techniques exhibited substantial inflammatory changes in the peribronchio-vascular lung tissues with thinning, degeneration, apoptosis (using the TUNEL assay), necrosis, and shedding of the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the morphometric results confirmed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, eosinophils and apoptotic cells from (12, 0, 2, 2 cells) to (34,10, 16, 18 cells) respectively, as well as the area percentage of collagen fiber deposition and immunoexpression of eotaxin-1/10 high power fields. Additionally, the biochemical results revealed significant increases in the serum levels of TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IgE and eotaxin-1 cytokines from (140, 40, 15, 38, 120, 100, 48) pg./ml to (360, 270, 130, 85, 365, 398, 110) pg./ml respectively, while analysis of ROS by flow cytometry revealed remarkable oxidative stress effects in G2 rabbits. On the other hand, treatment of rabbits with thyme oil in G4 substantially alleviated all OVA-induced alterations. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time that thyme oil can ameliorate OVA-induced BA via its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects on the lung tissues of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mousa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ameen S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmohsen Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
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Rao SP, Rastle-Simpson S, Dileepan M, Sriramarao P. Procedures to Evaluate Inflammatory and Pathological Changes During Allergic Airway Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:217-236. [PMID: 33226598 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular inflammation, with elevated levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines, airway mucus hypersecretion, and thickening of the airway smooth muscle, are characteristic features of the allergic lung. Assessment of pathophysiological changes in allergic lungs serves as an important tool to determine disease progression and understand the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. This can be achieved by evaluating the lung tissue for inflammation and airway structural changes along with the measurement of important pro-inflammatory mediators such as Th1/Th2 cytokines and eotaxins. This chapter describes procedures to histologically evaluate inflammatory and pathological changes observed during allergic airway inflammation using lung tissue from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | | | - Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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7
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Dyer DP. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate specificity, not redundancy, of chemokine-mediated leukocyte recruitment. Immunology 2020; 160:336-344. [PMID: 32285441 PMCID: PMC7370109 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) and their receptors are critical to recruitment and positioning of cells during development and the immune response. The chemokine system has long been described as redundant for a number of reasons, where multiple chemokine ligands can bind to multiple receptors and vice versa. This apparent redundancy has been thought to be a major reason for the failure of drugs targeting chemokines during inflammatory disease. We are now beginning to understand that chemokine biology is in fact based around a high degree of specificity, where each chemokine and receptor plays a particular role in the immune response. This specificity hypothesis is supported by a number of recent studies designed to address this problem. This review will detail these studies and the mechanisms that produce this specificity of function with an emphasis on the emerging role of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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8
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Shelke GV, Yin Y, Jang SC, Lässer C, Wennmalm S, Hoffmann HJ, Li L, Gho YS, Nilsson JA, Lötvall J. Endosomal signalling via exosome surface TGFβ-1. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1650458. [PMID: 31595182 PMCID: PMC6764367 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1650458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes convey biological messages between cells, either by surface-to-surface interaction or by shuttling of bioactive molecules to a recipient cell's cytoplasm. Here we show that exosomes released by mast cells harbour both active and latent transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) on their surfaces. The latent form of TGFβ-1 is associated with the exosomes via heparinase-II and pH-sensitive elements. These vesicles traffic to the endocytic compartment of recipient human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within 60 min of exposure. Further, the exosomes-associated TGFβ-1 is retained within the endosomal compartments at the time of signalling, which results in prolonged cellular signalling compared to free-TGFβ-1. These exosomes induce a migratory phenotype in primary MSCs involving SMAD-dependent pathways. Our results show that mast cell-derived exosomes are decorated with latent TGFβ-1 and are retained in recipient MSC endosomes, influencing recipient cell migratory phenotype. We conclude that exosomes can convey signalling within endosomes by delivering bioactive surface ligands to this intracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanan Yin
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Wennmalm
- Royal Institute of Technology-KTH, Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics Group, SciLife Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of respiratory and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonas Andreas Nilsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Collins LE, Troeberg L. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:81-92. [PMID: 30376187 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0618-246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is found on the surface of most cell types, as well as in basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Its strong anionic properties and highly variable structure enable this glycosaminoglycan to provide binding sites for numerous protein ligands, including many soluble mediators of the immune system, and may promote or inhibit their activity. The formation of ligand binding sites on heparan sulfate (HS) occurs in a tissue- and context-specific fashion through the action of several families of enzymes, most of which have multiple isoforms with subtly different specificities. Changes in the expression levels of these biosynthetic enzymes occur in response to inflammatory stimuli, resulting in structurally different HS and acquisition or loss of binding sites for immune mediators. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Collins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Swart M, Troeberg L. Effect of Polarization and Chronic Inflammation on Macrophage Expression of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Biosynthesis Enzymes. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:9-27. [PMID: 30205019 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418798770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on immune cells have the ability to bind to and regulate the bioactivity more than 400 bioactive protein ligands, including many chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. This makes them important regulators of the phenotype and behavior of immune cells. Here we review how HS biosynthesis in macrophages is regulated during polarization and in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, by analyzing published micro-array data and mechanistic studies in this area. We describe that macrophage expression of many HS biosynthesis and core proteins is strongly regulated by macrophage polarization, and that these expression patterns are recapitulated in chronic inflammation. Such changes in HS biosynthetic enzyme expression are likely to have a significant impact on the phenotype of macrophages in chronic inflammatory diseases by altering their interactions with chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Swart
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Chen H, Ambadapadi S, Wakefield D, Bartee M, Yaron JR, Zhang L, Archer-Hartmann SA, Azadi P, Burgin M, Borges C, Zheng D, Ergle K, Muppala V, Morshed S, Rand K, Clapp W, Proudfoot A, Lucas A. Selective Deletion of Heparan Sulfotransferase Enzyme, Ndst1, in Donor Endothelial and Myeloid Precursor Cells Significantly Decreases Acute Allograft Rejection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13433. [PMID: 30194334 PMCID: PMC6128922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early damage to transplanted organs initiates excess inflammation that can cause ongoing injury, a leading cause for late graft loss. The endothelial glycocalyx modulates immune reactions and chemokine-mediated haptotaxis, potentially driving graft loss. In prior work, conditional deficiency of the glycocalyx-modifying enzyme N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1f/f TekCre+) reduced aortic allograft inflammation. Here we investigated modification of heparan sulfate (HS) and chemokine interactions in whole-organ renal allografts. Conditional donor allograft Ndst1 deficiency (Ndst1−/−; C57Bl/6 background) was compared to systemic treatment with M-T7, a broad-spectrum chemokine-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) inhibitor. Early rejection was significantly reduced in Ndst1−/− kidneys engrafted into wildtype BALB/c mice (Ndst1+/+) and comparable to M-T7 treatment in C57Bl/6 allografts (P < 0.0081). M-T7 lost activity in Ndst1−/− allografts, while M-T7 point mutants with modified GAG-chemokine binding displayed a range of anti-rejection activity. CD3+ T cells (P < 0.0001), HS (P < 0.005) and CXC chemokine staining (P < 0.012), gene expression in NFκB and JAK/STAT pathways, and HS and CS disaccharide content were significantly altered with reduced rejection. Transplant of donor allografts with conditional Ndst1 deficiency exhibit significantly reduced acute rejection, comparable to systemic chemokine-GAG inhibition. Modified disaccharides in engrafted organs correlate with reduced rejection. Altered disaccharides in engrafted organs provide markers for rejection with potential to guide new therapeutic approaches in allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dara Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Meeyong Bartee
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chad Borges
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Donghang Zheng
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Ergle
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vishnu Muppala
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sufi Morshed
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Rand
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William Clapp
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Lucas
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Center for Personalized Diagnostics, and the Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Ge XN, Bastan I, Ha SG, Greenberg YG, Esko JD, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:98-112. [PMID: 29621420 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1451574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSPGs are glycoproteins containing covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chains which bind to growth factors, chemokines, etc., and regulate various aspects of inflammation including cell recruitment. We previously showed that deletion of endothelial N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1), an enzyme responsible for N-sulfation during HS biosynthesis, reduces allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Here, we investigated the importance of O-sulfation mediated by uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (Hs2st) in development of AAI relative to N-sulfation. METHODS Mice deficient in endothelial and leukocyte Hs2st (Hs2stf/fTie2Cre+) or Ndst1 (Ndst1f/fTie2Cre+) and WT mice were challenged with Alternaria alternata and evaluated for airway inflammation. Trafficking of murine eosinophils on lung endothelial cells was examined in vitro under conditions of flow. RESULTS Exposure to Alternaria decreased expression level of Hs2st in WT mice while level of Ndst1 remained unchanged. Compared to WT mice, Alternaria-challenged Hs2stf/fTie2Cre+ mice exhibited significantly increased eosinophils in the bone marrow, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF] and lung tissue associated with persistent airway hyperresponsiveness, airway mucus hypersecretion and elevated Th2 cytokines. In contrast, Alternaria-challenged Ndst1f/fTie2Cre+ mice exhibited a marked reduction in airway eosinophilia, mucus secretion and smooth muscle mass compared to WT counterparts. While BALF eotaxins were lower in Alternaria-challenged Hs2stf/fTie2Cre+ relative to WT mice, they were not reduced to background levels as in allergen-challenged Ndst1f/fTie2Cre+ mice. Trafficking of murine eosinophils under conditions of flow in vitro was similar on Hs2st-deficient and WT endothelial cells. Expression of ZO-1 in Hs2st-deficient lung blood vessels in control and allergen-challenged mice was significantly lower than in WT counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Na Ge
- a Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Idil Bastan
- b Veterinary Clinical Sciences , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN , USA
| | - Sung Gil Ha
- a Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Jeffrey D Esko
- c Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Savita P Rao
- a Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
| | - P Sriramarao
- a Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
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Endothelial heparan sulfate deficiency reduces inflammation and fibrosis in murine diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2018; 98:427-438. [PMID: 29330473 PMCID: PMC6247417 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a vital role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are only partially understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that, during acute inflammation, endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the adhesion and transendothelial migration of leukocytes into perivascular tissues by direct interaction with L-selectin and the presentation of bound chemokines. In the current study, we aimed to assess the role of endothelial HS on chronic renal inflammation and fibrosis in a diabetic nephropathy mouse model. To reduce sulfation of HS specifically in the endothelium, we generated Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + mice in which N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1), the gene that initiates HS sulfation modifications in HS biosynthesis, was expressly ablated in endothelium. To induce diabetes, age-matched male Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre - (wild type) and Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + mice on a C57Bl/6J background were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) on five consecutive days (N = 10-11/group). Urine and plasma were collected. Four weeks after diabetes induction the animals were sacrificed and kidneys were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Compared to healthy controls, diabetic Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre - mice showed increased glomerular macrophage infiltration, mannose binding lectin complement deposition and glomerulosclerosis, whereas these pathological reactions were prevented significantly in the diabetic Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + animals (all three p < 0.01). In addition, the expression of the podocyte damage marker desmin was significantly higher in the Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre - group compared to the Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + animals (p < 0.001), although both groups had comparable numbers of podocytes. In the cortical tubulo-interstitium, similar analyses show decreased interstitial macrophage accumulation in the diabetic Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + animals compared to the diabetic Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre - mice (p < 0.05). Diabetic Ndst1 f/f Tie2Cre + animals also showed reduced interstitial fibrosis as evidenced by reduced density of αSMA-positive myofibroblasts (p < 0.01), diminished collagen III deposition (p < 0.001) and reduced mRNA expression of collagen I (p < 0.001) and fibronectin (p < 0.001). Our studies indicate a pivotal role of endothelial HS in the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy in mice. These results suggest that HS is a possible target for therapy in diabetic nephropathy.
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Ha SG, Dileepan M, Ge XN, Kang BN, Greenberg YG, Rao A, Muralidhar G, Medina-Kauwe L, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, O'Grady SM, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Knob protein enhances epithelial barrier integrity and attenuates airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29522849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered epithelial physical and functional barrier properties along with TH1/TH2 immune dysregulation are features of allergic asthma. Regulation of junction proteins to improve barrier function of airway epithelial cells has the potential for alleviation of allergic airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the immunomodulatory effect of knob protein of the adenoviral capsid on allergic asthma and to investigate its mechanism of action on airway epithelial junction proteins and barrier function. METHODS Airway inflammation, including junction protein expression, was evaluated in allergen-challenged mice with and without treatment with knob. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to knob, and its effects on expression of junction proteins and barrier integrity were determined. RESULTS Administration of knob to allergen-challenged mice suppressed airway inflammation (eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and IL-5 levels) and prevented allergen-induced loss of airway epithelial occludin and E-cadherin expression. Additionally, knob decreased expression of TH2-promoting inflammatory mediators, specifically IL-33, by murine lung epithelial cells. At a cellular level, treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with knob activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, increased expression of occludin and E-cadherin, and enhanced epithelial barrier integrity. CONCLUSION Increased expression of junction proteins mediated by knob leading to enhanced epithelial barrier function might mitigate the allergen-induced airway inflammatory response, including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gil Ha
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Bit Na Kang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Yana G Greenberg
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Amrita Rao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | | | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
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Chen X, Li YY, Zhang WQ, Zhang WM, Zhou H. House dust mite extract induces growth factor expression in nasal mucosa by activating the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferreras L, Sheerin NS, Kirby JA, Ali S. Mechanisms of Renal Graft Chronic Injury and Progression to Interstitial Fibrosis. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-015-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Singh A, Kett WC, Severin IC, Agyekum I, Duan J, Amster IJ, Proudfoot AEI, Coombe DR, Woods RJ. The Interaction of Heparin Tetrasaccharides with Chemokine CCL5 Is Modulated by Sulfation Pattern and pH. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15421-15436. [PMID: 25907556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between chemokines such as CCL5 and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential for creating haptotactic gradients to guide the migration of leukocytes into inflammatory sites, and the GAGs that interact with CCL5 with the highest affinity are heparan sulfates/heparin. The interaction between CCL5 and its receptor on monocytes, CCR1, is mediated through residues Arg-17 and -47 in CCL5, which overlap with the GAG-binding (44)RKNR(47) "BBXB" motifs. Here we report that heparin and tetrasaccharide fragments of heparin are able to inhibit CCL5-CCR1 binding, with IC50 values showing strong dependence on the pattern and extent of sulfation. Modeling of the CCL5-tetrasaccharide complexes suggested that interactions between specific sulfate and carboxylate groups of heparin and residues Arg-17 and -47 of the protein are essential for strong inhibition; tetrasaccharides lacking the specific sulfation pattern were found to preferentially bind CCL5 in positions less favorable for inhibition of the interaction with CCR1. Simulations of a 12-mer heparin fragment bound to CCL5 indicated that the oligosaccharide preferred to interact simultaneously with both (44)RKNR(47) motifs in the CCL5 homodimer and engaged residues Arg-47 and -17 from both chains. Direct engagement of these residues by the longer heparin oligosaccharide provides a rationalization for its effectiveness as an inhibitor of CCL5-CCR1 interaction. In this mode, histidine (His-23) may contribute to CCL5-GAG interactions when the pH drops just below neutral, as occurs during inflammation. Additionally, an examination of the contribution of pH to modulating CCL5-heparin interactions suggested a need for careful interpretation of experimental results when experiments are performed under non-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Singh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Warren C Kett
- Molecular Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - India C Severin
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Agyekum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jiana Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Amanda E I Proudfoot
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- Molecular Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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