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Stachler MD, Jin RU. Molecular Pathology of Gastroesophageal Cancer. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:239-254. [PMID: 38821643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Upper gastroesophageal carcinomas consist of cancers arising from the esophagus and stomach. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are seen in the esophagus and despite arising from the same organ have different biology. Gastric adenocarcinomas are categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: high Epstein-Barr virus load, microsatellite unstable cancers, chromosomal unstable (CIN) cancers, and genomically stable cancers. Genomically stable gastric cancers correlate highly with histologically defined diffuse-type cancers. Esophageal carcinomas and CIN gastric cancers often are driven by high-level amplifications of oncogenes and contain a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. Targeted therapeutics is an active area of research for gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW450B, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Suite 7B, MS: BCM904, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Harrold EC, Stadler ZK. Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers and the Role of Genetic Testing. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:677-691. [PMID: 38458854 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Beyond the few established hereditary cancer syndromes with an upper gastrointestinal cancer component, there is increasing recognition of the contribution of novel pathogenic germline variants (gPVs) to upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The detection of gPVs has potential implications for novel treatment approaches of the index cancer patient as well as long-term implications for surveillance and risk-reducing measures for cancer survivors and far-reaching implications for the patients' family. With widespread availability of multigene panel testing, new associations may be identified with germline-somatic integration being critical to determining true causality of novel gPVs. Comprehensive cancer care should incorporate both somatic and germline testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Harrold
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. https://twitter.com/EmilyHarrold6
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhang F, Sahu V, Peng K, Wang Y, Li T, Bala P, Aitymbayev D, Sahgal P, Schaefer A, Der CJ, Ryeom S, Yoon S, Sethi N, Bass AJ, Zhang H. Recurrent RhoGAP gene fusion CLDN18-ARHGAP26 promotes RHOA activation and focal adhesion kinase and YAP-TEAD signalling in diffuse gastric cancer. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-329686. [PMID: 38621923 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genomic studies of gastric cancer have identified highly recurrent genomic alterations impacting RHO signalling, especially in the diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) histological subtype. Among these alterations are interchromosomal translations leading to the fusion of the adhesion protein CLDN18 and RHO regulator ARHGAP26. It remains unclear how these fusion constructs impact the activity of the RHO pathway and what is their broader impact on gastric cancer development. Herein, we developed a model to allow us to study the function of this fusion protein in the pathogenesis of DGC and to identify potential therapeutic targets for DGC tumours with these alterations. DESIGN We built a transgenic mouse model with LSL-CLDN18-ARHGAP26 fusion engineered into the Col1A1 locus where its expression can be induced by Cre recombinase. Using organoids generated from this model, we evaluated its oncogenic activity and the biochemical effects of the fusion protein on the RHOA pathway and its downstream cell biological effects in the pathogenesis of DGC. RESULTS We demonstrated that induction of CLDN18-ARHGAP26 expression in gastric organoids induced the formation of signet ring cells, characteristic features of DGC and was able to cooperatively transform gastric cells when combined with the loss of the tumour suppressor geneTrp53. CLDN18-ARHGAP26 promotes the activation of RHOA and downstream effector signalling. Molecularly, the fusion promotes activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and induction of the YAP pathway. A combination of FAK and YAP/TEAD inhibition can significantly block tumour growth. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the CLDN18-ARHGAP26 fusion is a gain-of-function DGC oncogene that leads to activation of RHOA and activation of FAK and YAP signalling. These results argue for further evaluation of emerging FAK and YAP-TEAD inhibitors for these deadly cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxia Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daulet Aitymbayev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Universty of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sam Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nilay Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Signet Therapeutics, Shenzhen, China
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Liu CH, Lai YL, Shen PC, Liu HC, Tsai MH, Wang YD, Lin WJ, Chen FH, Li CY, Wang SC, Hung MC, Cheng WC. DriverDBv4: a multi-omics integration database for cancer driver gene research. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1246-D1252. [PMID: 37956338 PMCID: PMC10767848 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput technology offer researchers an extensive range of multi-omics data that provide deep insights into the complex landscape of cancer biology. However, traditional statistical models and databases are inadequate to interpret these high-dimensional data within a multi-omics framework. To address this limitation, we introduce DriverDBv4, an updated iteration of the DriverDB cancer driver gene database (http://driverdb.bioinfomics.org/). This updated version offers several significant enhancements: (i) an increase in the number of cohorts from 33 to 70, encompassing approximately 24 000 samples; (ii) inclusion of proteomics data, augmenting the existing types of omics data and thus expanding the analytical scope; (iii) implementation of multiple multi-omics algorithms for identification of cancer drivers; (iv) new visualization features designed to succinctly summarize high-context data and redesigned existing sections to accommodate the increased volume of datasets and (v) two new functions in Customized Analysis, specifically designed for multi-omics driver identification and subgroup expression analysis. DriverDBv4 facilitates comprehensive interpretation of multi-omics data across diverse cancer types, thereby enriching the understanding of cancer heterogeneity and aiding in the development of personalized clinical approaches. The database is designed to foster a more nuanced understanding of the multi-faceted nature of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Liu
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Liang Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shen
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Cheng Liu
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsin Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yu-De Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Lin
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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5
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Corso G, Comelli G, Veronesi P, Bianchi B, Petitto S, Polizzi A, Girardi A, Cioffi A, La Vecchia C, Bagnardi V, Magnoni F. Germline CDH1 variants in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome with focus on younger women. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16147-16155. [PMID: 37639007 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the male and female frequency of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC), the age at diagnosis, and the country of origin in a selected population with germline CDH1 variants from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. METHODS Relevant literature dating from 1998 to 2021 was systematically searched for data on CDH1 gene. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Chi-square test were used to estimate if the difference observed between patients with gastric cancer (GC) and unaffected individuals was significant. RESULTS We identified 80 families fulfilling the established clinical criteria for HDGC CDH1 genetic screening. There were more women than men with DGC and germline CDH1 variant (65.5%). Stratifying the age at diagnosis, we identified an association between DGC, positive CDH1 screening and young women (≤ 40 years) (p = 0.015). The mean age at diagnosis was 39.6 ys for women and 42.5 ys for men. There was an association between CDH1 carrier status and DGC (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Young women carrying germline CDH1 variants with DGC are comparatively frequent in the HDGC syndrome, and potentially at higher risk to develop DGC particularly in low-incidence areas for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- European Cancer Prevention Organization (ECP), 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Comelli
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bianchi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petitto
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Polizzi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Girardi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cioffi
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magnoni
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- European Cancer Prevention Organization (ECP), 20122, Milan, Italy
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Fatemi M, Feng E, Sharma C, Azher Z, Goel T, Ramwala O, Palisoul SM, Barney RE, Perreard L, Kolling FW, Salas LA, Christensen BC, Tsongalis GJ, Vaickus LJ, Levy JJ. Inferring spatial transcriptomics markers from whole slide images to characterize metastasis-related spatial heterogeneity of colorectal tumors: A pilot study. J Pathol Inform 2023; 14:100308. [PMID: 37114077 PMCID: PMC10127126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 150 000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) every year, and annually over 50 000 individuals will die from CRC, necessitating improvements in screening, prognostication, disease management, and therapeutic options. Tumor metastasis is the primary factor related to the risk of recurrence and mortality. Yet, screening for nodal and distant metastasis is costly, and invasive and incomplete resection may hamper adequate assessment. Signatures of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) at the primary site can provide valuable insights into the aggressiveness of the tumor and the effectiveness of various treatment options. Spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies offer an unprecedented characterization of TIME through high multiplexing, yet their scope is constrained by cost. Meanwhile, it has long been suspected that histological, cytological, and macroarchitectural tissue characteristics correlate well with molecular information (e.g., gene expression). Thus, a method for predicting transcriptomics data through inference of RNA patterns from whole slide images (WSI) is a key step in studying metastasis at scale. In this work, we collected tissue from 4 stage-III (pT3) matched colorectal cancer patients for spatial transcriptomics profiling. The Visium spatial transcriptomics (ST) assay was used to measure transcript abundance for 17 943 genes at up to 5000 55-micron (i.e., 1-10 cells) spots per patient sampled in a honeycomb pattern, co-registered with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained WSI. The Visium ST assay can measure expression at these spots through tissue permeabilization of mRNAs, which are captured through spatially (i.e., x-y positional coordinates) barcoded, gene specific oligo probes. WSI subimages were extracted around each co-registered Visium spot and were used to predict the expression at these spots using machine learning models. We prototyped and compared several convolutional, transformer, and graph convolutional neural networks to predict spatial RNA patterns at the Visium spots under the hypothesis that the transformer- and graph-based approaches better capture relevant spatial tissue architecture. We further analyzed the model's ability to recapitulate spatial autocorrelation statistics using SPARK and SpatialDE. Overall, the results indicate that the transformer- and graph-based approaches were unable to outperform the convolutional neural network architecture, though they exhibited optimal performance for relevant disease-associated genes. Initial findings suggest that different neural networks that operate on different scales are relevant for capturing distinct disease pathways (e.g., epithelial to mesenchymal transition). We add further evidence that deep learning models can accurately predict gene expression in whole slide images and comment on understudied factors which may increase its external applicability (e.g., tissue context). Our preliminary work will motivate further investigation of inference for molecular patterns from whole slide images as metastasis predictors and in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fatemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eric Feng
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Cyril Sharma
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zarif Azher
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Tarushii Goel
- Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ojas Ramwala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott M. Palisoul
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rachael E. Barney
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Lucas A. Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience at Dartmouth (IND) graduate program, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Gregory J. Tsongalis
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Louis J. Vaickus
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Joshua J. Levy
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
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Passi M, Gamble LA, Samaranayake SG, Schueler SA, Curtin BF, Fasaye GA, Bowden C, Gurram S, Quezado M, Miettinen M, Koh C, Heller T, Davis JL. Association of CDH1 Germline Variants and Colon Polyp Phenotypes in Patients with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:244-251. [PMID: 36776716 PMCID: PMC9913407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Germline CDH1 variants resulting in E-cadherin loss of function result in an increased risk of diffuse type gastric cancer and lobular type breast cancer. However, the risk of developing other epithelial neoplasms, specifically colorectal cancer, is unknown. Methods Patients enrolled in a prospective natural history study of hereditary gastric cancer who underwent at least one colonoscopy were evaluated. Results Out of 300 patients with CDH1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, 85 underwent colonoscopy. More than half of patients (56%, 48/85) had at least one colorectal polyp. Most of those patients (83%, 40/48) had at least one precancerous polyp (adenoma or sessile serrated lesion). More than half (56%) of patients younger than age 45 had a colorectal polyp. Of those with polyps, the most frequent CDH1 variant type was canonical splice site (27%, 13/48) followed by nonsense (21%, 10/48). There was no association between CDH1 variant type and increased likelihood of colorectal polyps. Conclusions In summary, a majority of CDH1 variant carriers who underwent colonoscopy had colorectal polyps detected, and most subjects were less than 45 years old. This study of colorectal cancer risk based on the prevalence of colorectal polyps in the CDH1 population requires further investigation to appropriately counsel patients on colorectal cancer screening. Clinical trial registry website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Clinical trial number: NCT03030404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Passi
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Lauren A. Gamble
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sarah G. Samaranayake
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Samuel A. Schueler
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Bryan F. Curtin
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Grace-Ann Fasaye
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Cassidy Bowden
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sandeep Gurram
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Christopher Koh
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Theo Heller
- Digestive Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jeremy L. Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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9
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Colorectal Neoplasia in CDH1 Pathogenic Variant Carriers: A Multicenter Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1877-1879. [PMID: 36087100 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germline variants in CDH1 are associated with elevated risks of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. It is uncertain whether there is an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of colonoscopy outcomes in patients with germline CDH1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included with a mean age of 46.9 years. Initial colonoscopy found adenomatous polyps in 30 patients (35.3%), including advanced adenomas in 9 (10.6%). No colorectal cancers were identified on index or subsequent colonoscopies (when available). DISCUSSION CDH1 carriers have colorectal neoplasia identified at similar rates as in the general population. Despite potential difficulties after gastrectomy, colorectal cancer screening remains important in this population.
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10
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Sharma S, Pisignano G, Merulla J, Catapano CV, Varani G. A functional SNP regulates E-cadherin expression by dynamically remodeling the 3D structure of a promoter-associated non-coding RNA transcript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11331-11343. [PMID: 36243981 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of E-cadherin, a tumor suppressor that plays critical roles in cell adhesion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is regulated by a promoter-associated non-coding RNA (paRNA). The sense-oriented paRNA (S-paRNA) includes a functional C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs16260). The A-allele leads to decreased transcriptional activity and increased prostate cancer risk. The polymorphic site is known to affect binding of a microRNA-guided Argonaute 1 (AGO1) complex and recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes to silence the promoter. Yet the SNP is distant from the microRNA-AGO1 binding domain in both primary sequence and secondary structure, raising the question of how regulation occurs. Here we report the 3D NMR structure of the 104-nucleotide domain of the S-paRNA that encompasses the SNP and the microRNA-binding site. We show that the A to C change alters the locally dynamic and metastable structure of the S-paRNA, revealing how the single nucleotide mutation regulates the E-cadherin promoter through its effect on the non-coding RNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | | | - Jessica Merulla
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Varani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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11
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Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Molecular Genetics, Biological Mechanisms and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147821. [PMID: 35887173 PMCID: PMC9319245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by a high prevalence of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. It is caused by inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene CDH1. Genetic testing technologies have become more efficient over the years, also enabling the discovery of other susceptibility genes for gastric cancer, such as CTNNA1 among the most important genes. The diagnosis of pathogenic variant carriers with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer is a selection process involving a multidisciplinary team. To achieve optimal long-term results, it requires shared decision-making in risk management. In this review, we present a synopsis of the molecular changes and current therapeutic approaches in HDGC based on the current literature.
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12
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Wu J, Wu C, Li G. Identifying common driver modules by equilibrating coverage and mutual exclusivity across pan-cancer data. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Carneiro F. Familial and hereditary gastric cancer, an overview. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 58-59:101800. [PMID: 35988963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2022.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are three major hereditable syndromes that affect primarily the stomach: hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) and familial intestinal gastric cancer (FIGC). HDGC is caused by germline mutations in CDH1 gene that occur in 10-40% of HDGC families and, in a minority of cases, by mutations in CTNNA1 gene. GAPPS is caused by germline mutations in the promoter 1B of APC gene, and the genetic cause of FIGC is not fully elucidated. Gastric cancer can also be observed as part of other inherited cancer disorders, namely in familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Lynch syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. In this article, the state of the art of familial gastric cancer regarding the clinical, molecular and pathology features is reviewed, as well as the practical aspects for a correct diagnosis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Carneiro
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho,45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4100-319, Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4100-319, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). An overview. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101820. [PMID: 34656755 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 10% of gastric carcinomas show familial aggregation. In contrast, around 1-3 % (approximately 33,000 yearly) are genuinely hereditary. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare malignancy characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of pathological variants of the CDH1 and CTNNA1 genes encoding the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and α-catenin, respectively. The multifocal nature of the disease and the difficulty of visualizing precursor lesions by endoscopy underscore the need to be aware of this malignancy as surgical prevention can be fully protective. Here, we provide an overview of the main epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and pathological features of HDGC, as well as updated guidelines for its diagnosis, genetic testing, counseling, surveillance, and management. We conclude that HDGC is a rare, highly penetrant disease that is difficult to diagnose and manage, so it is necessary to correctly identify it to offer patients and their families' adequate management following the recommendations of the IGCL. A critical point is identifying a mutation in HDGC families to determine whether unaffected relatives are at risk for cancer.
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15
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Do MD, Nguyen TH, Le KT, Le LHG, Nguyen BH, Le KT, Doan TPT, Ho CQ, Nguyen HN, Tran TD, Vu HA. Molecular characteristics of young-onset colorectal cancer in Vietnamese patients. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2022; 18:678-685. [PMID: 35098669 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer globally. Understanding the genetic characteristics of CRC is essential for appropriate treatment and genetic counseling. METHODS The genetic profile of CRC tumor tissues was identified using next-generation sequencing of 17 target genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, APC, SMAD4, BMPR1A, MUTYH, STK11, PTEN, TP53, ATM, CDH1, CHEK2, POLE, and POLD1) in a cohort of 101 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with young-onset CRC. Corresponding germline genetic alterations of determined somatic mutations were subsequently confirmed from patients' blood samples. RESULTS Somatic mutations were determined in 96 out of 101 CRC patients. Two-thirds of the tumors harbored more than two mutations, and the most prevalent mutated genes were TP53 and APC. Among confirmed germline mutations, 10 pathogenic mutations and 11 variants of unknown significance were identified. CONCLUSIONS Given the burden of CRC and the gradually reducing cost of genetic testing, multigene panel screening can benefit young-onset CRC patients as well as their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Duc Do
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Khuong Thai Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hoang Gia Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Kien Trung Le
- University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Phuong Thi Doan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chuong Quoc Ho
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Diep Tran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Anh Vu
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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16
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Xie Z, Ke Y, Chen J, Li Z, Wang C, Chen Y, Ding H, Cheng L. Prevalence and Spectrum of Predisposition Genes With Germline Mutations Among Chinese Patients With Bowel Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:755629. [PMID: 35154239 PMCID: PMC8829568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.755629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bowel cancer is the third-most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Bowel cancer has a substantial hereditary component; however, additional hereditary risk factors involved in bowel cancer pathogenesis have not been systematically defined. Materials and Methods: A total of 573 patients with bowel cancer were enrolled in the present study, of whom 93.72% had colorectal cancer (CRC). Germline mutations were integrated with somatic mutation information via utilizing target next-generation sequencing. Results: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (P/LP) germline alterations were identified in 47 (8.2%) patients with bowel cancer and the ratio of the number of these patients with family history was significantly higher in the P/LP group than that noted in the non-pathogenic (Non-P) group. Certain rare germline alterations were noted, such as those noted in the following genes: FANCD2, CDH1, and FLCN. A total of 32 patients (68.1%) had germline alterations in the DNA-damage repair (DDR) genes and homologous recombination (HR) accounted for the highest proportion of this subgroup. By comparing 573 patients with bowel cancer with reference controls (China_MAPs database), significant associations (p < 0.01) were observed between the incidence of bowel cancer and the presence of mutations in APC, ATM, MLH1, FANCD2, MSH3, MSH6, PMS1, and RAD51D. Somatic gene differential analysis revealed a marked difference in 18 genes and a significant difference was also noted in tumor mutation burden (TMB) between germline mutation carriers and non-germline mutation subjects (p < 0.001). In addition, TMB in DDR mutation groups indicated a dramatic difference compared with the non-DDR mutation group (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences in TMB were noted among detailed DDR pathways for patients with bowel cancer, irrespective of the presence of germline mutations. Moreover, a significantly higher level (p < 0.0001) of mutation count was observed in the DDR group from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the DDR and non-DDR alteration groups displayed various immune profiles. Conclusion: Chinese patients with bowel cancer exhibited a distinct spectrum of germline variants, with distinct molecular characteristics such as TMB and DDR. Furthermore, the information on somatic mutations obtained from TCGA database indicated that a deeper understanding of the interactions among DDR and immune cells would be useful to further investigate the role of DDR in bowel cancer.
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17
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Xie D, Chen Y, Wan X, Li J, Pei Q, Luo Y, Liu J, Ye T. The Potential Role of CDH1 as an Oncogene Combined With Related miRNAs and Their Diagnostic Value in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916469. [PMID: 35784532 PMCID: PMC9243438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females and the most common malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. It is imperative to develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and effective treatment in BC. METHODS We revealed the oncogene function of cadherin 1 (CDH1) via bioinformatic analysis in BC. Moreover, miRNA database was utilized to predict miRNAs upstream of CDH1. Expression of CDH1-related miRNAs in BC and their values in BC stemness and prognosis were analyzed through TCGA-BRCA datasets. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to explore the potential functions and signaling pathways of CDH1 in combination with CDH1-related miRNAs in BC progression. Finally, the differential expressions of soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad), which is formed by the secretion of CDH1-encoded E-cadherin into serum, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of CDH1-related miRNAs in serum samples. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of CDH1 were elevated in BC tissues compared with normal counterparts. Moreover, CDH1 overexpression was positively correlated with BC stage, metastatic, stemness characteristics, and poor prognosis among patients. In predictive analysis, miR-340, miR-185, and miR-20a target CDH1 and are highly expressed in BC. miR-20a overexpression alone was strongly associated with high stemness characteristics and poor prognosis of BC. Additionally, GO, KEGG, and hallmark effect gene set analysis demonstrated that CDH1 in combination with overexpression of miR-340, miR-185, or miR-20a participated in multiple biological processes and underly signaling pathways involving in tumorigenesis and development of BC. Finally, we provide experimental evidence that the combined determination of serum sE-cad and miR-20a in BC has highly diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for CDH1 as an oncogene in BC and suggests that miR-20a may regulate the stemness characteristics of BC to exert a pro-oncogenic effect by regulating CDH1. Moreover, sE-cad and miR-20a in serum can both be used as valid noninvasive markers for BC diagnosis.
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18
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Garcia-Pelaez J, Barbosa-Matos R, São José C, Sousa S, Gullo I, Hoogerbrugge N, Carneiro F, Oliveira C. Gastric cancer genetic predisposition and clinical presentations: Established heritable causes and potential candidate genes. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 65:104401. [PMID: 34871783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour risk syndromes (TRS) are characterized by an increased risk of early-onset cancers in a familial context. High cancer risk is mostly driven by loss-of-function variants in a single cancer-associated gene. Presently, predisposition to diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is explained by CDH1 and CTNNA1 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (P/LP), causing Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC); while APC promoter 1B single nucleotide variants predispose to Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach (GAPPS). Familial Intestinal Gastric Cancer (FIGC), recognized as a GC-predisposing disease, remains understudied and genetically unsolved. GC can also occur in the spectrum of other TRS. Identification of heritable causes allows defining diagnostic testing criteria, helps to clinically classify GC families into the appropriate TRS, and allows performing pre-symptomatic testing identifying at-risk individuals for downstream surveillance, risk reduction and/or treatment. However, most of HDGC, some GAPPS, and most FIGC patients/families remain unsolved, expecting a heritable factor to be discovered. The missing heritability in GC-associated tumour risk syndromes (GC-TRS) is likely explained not by a single major gene, but by a diversity of genes, some, predisposing to other TRS. This would gain support if GC-enriched small families or apparently isolated early-onset GC cases were hiding a family history compatible with another TRS. Herein, we revisited current knowledge on GC-TRS, and searched in the literature for individuals/families bearing P/LP variants predisposing for other TRS, but whose probands display a clinical presentation and/or family history also fitting GC-TRS criteria. We found 27 families with family history compatible with HDGC or FIGC, harbouring 28 P/LP variants in 16 TRS-associated genes, mainly associated with DNA repair. PALB2 or BRCA2 were the most frequently mutated candidate genes in individuals with family history compatible with HDGC and FIGC, respectively. Consolidation of PALB2 and BRCA2 as HDGC- or FIGC-associated genes, respectively, holds promise and worth additional research. This analysis further highlighted the influence, that proband's choice and small or unreported family history have, for a correct TRS diagnosis, genetic screening, and disease management. In this review, we provide a rational for identification of particularly relevant candidate genes in GC-TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garcia-Pelaez
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Barbosa-Matos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; International Doctoral Programme in Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology Applied to Health Sciences from Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celina São José
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Gullo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Reveals BGN Predicting Overall Survival and Tumor Immune Infiltration of Gastric Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5494840. [PMID: 34868341 PMCID: PMC8641985 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5494840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most widely occurring malignancies worldwide. Although the diagnosis and treatment strategies of GC have been greatly improved in the past few decades, the morbidity and lethality rates of GC are still rising due to lacking early diagnosis strategies and powerful treatments. In this study, a total of 37 differentially expressed genes were identified in GC by analyzing TCGA, GSE118897, GSE19826, and GSE54129. Using the PPI database, we identified 17 hub genes in GC. By analyzing the expression of hub genes and OS, MFAP2, BGN, and TREM1 were related to the prognosis of GC. In addition, our results showed that higher levels of BGN exhibited a significant correlation with shorter OS time in GC. Nomogram analysis showed that the dysregulation of BGN could predict the prognosis of GC. Moreover, we revealed that BGN had a markedly negative correlation with B cells but had positive correlations with CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in GC samples. The pan-cancer analysis demonstrated that BGN was differentially expressed and related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells across human cancers. This study for the first time comprehensively revealed that BGN was a potential biomarker for the prediction of GC prognosis and tumor immune infiltration.
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20
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Paço A, Leitão-Castro J, Freitas R. Epigenetic Regulation of CDH1 Is Altered after HOXB7-Silencing in MDA-MB-468 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1575. [PMID: 34680970 PMCID: PMC8535730 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXB7 is often overexpressed in breast cancer cells and found to relate to poor prognosis. The search for the HOXB7 targets, as a transcription factor, has led to molecules involved in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and processes such as angiogenesis and therapy resistance. However, the specific targets affected by the deregulation of HOXB7 in breast cancer remain largely unknown in most molecular sub-types, such as triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). To unveil the molecular basis behind these aggressive and often untreatable cancers, here we explored the contribution of HOXB7 deregulation for their aggressiveness. To this end, HOXB7 was silenced in TNBC Basal A cells MDA-MB-468, and the phenotype, gene/protein expression, and methylation profile of putative targets were analyzed. Lower migration and invasion rates were detected in HOXB7-silenced cells in comparison with the controls. In addition, these cells expressed more CDH1 and less DNMT3B, and the promoter methylation status of CDH1 diminished. Our data suggest that the HOXB7 transcription factor may act on TNBC Basal A cells by controlling CDH1 epigenetic regulation. This may occur indirectly through the up-regulation of DNMT3B, which then controls DNA methylation of the CDH1 promoter. Thus, future approaches interfering with HOXB7 regulation may be promising therapeutic strategies in TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paço
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - Joana Leitão-Castro
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - Renata Freitas
- I3S—Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.L.-C.)
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Figueiredo J, Mercadillo F, Melo S, Barroso A, Gonçalves M, Díaz-Tasende J, Carneiro P, Robles L, Colina F, Ibarrola C, Perea J, Morais-de-Sá E, Seruca R, Urioste M. Germline CDH1 G212E Missense Variant: Combining Clinical, In Vitro and In Vivo Strategies to Unravel Disease Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174359. [PMID: 34503169 PMCID: PMC8430832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with CDH1 germline mutations. The increasing detection of CDH1 genetic variants due to multigene panel testing poses a serious clinical challenge and urges the development of effective classification strategies. In this study, we describe the identification of the novel CDH1 G212E variant in a large family strongly affected by diffuse gastric cancer. Through a comprehensive characterization pipeline, we provide evidence of the damaging nature of this genetic alteration, thus impacting patient management and family screening. Abstract E-cadherin, encoded by CDH1, is an essential molecule for epithelial homeostasis, whose loss or aberrant expression results in disturbed cell–cell adhesion, increased cell invasion and metastasis. Carriers of CDH1 germline mutations have a high risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, associated with the cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC). The ubiquitous availability of cancer panels has led to the identification of an increasing amount of “incidental” CDH1 genetic variants that pose a serious clinical challenge. This has sparked intensive research aiming at an accurate classification of the variants and consequent validation of their clinical relevance. The present study addressed the significance of a novel CDH1 variant, G212E, identified in an unusually large pedigree displaying strong aggregation of diffuse gastric cancer. We undertook a comprehensive pipeline encompassing family data, in silico predictions, in vitro assays and in vivo strategies, which validated the deleterious phenotype induced by this genetic alteration. In particular, we demonstrated that the G212E variant affects the stability and localization, as well as the adhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin, triggering epithelial disruption and disorganization. Our findings illustrate the clinical implication of a complementary approach for effective variant categorization and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (M.U.)
| | - Fátima Mercadillo
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Soraia Melo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Díaz-Tasende
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Robles
- Familial Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Service, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Colina
- Pathology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain or (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Carolina Ibarrola
- Pathology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain or (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - José Perea
- Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (M.U.)
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22
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Abstract
Upper gastroesophageal carcinomas consist of cancers arising from the esophagus and stomach. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are seen in the esophagus and despite arising from the same organ have different biology. Gastric adenocarcinomas are categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: high Epstein-Barr virus load, microsatellite unstable cancers, chromosomal unstable (CIN) cancers, and genomically stable cancers. Genomically stable gastric cancers correlate highly with histologically defined diffuse-type cancers. Esophageal carcinomas and CIN gastric cancers often are driven by high-level amplifications of oncogenes and contain a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. Targeted therapeutics is an active area of research for gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW450B, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Suite 7B, MS: BCM904, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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CDH1 Gene Mutation Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Cohort, Systematic Review of Endoscopic Surveillance, and Secondary Cancer Risk Postulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112622. [PMID: 34073553 PMCID: PMC8199234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some patients carry a mutated copy of the CDH1 gene that can lead to a very rare form of hereditary gastric cancer called signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCC). SRCCs rarely form visible tumors prior to spreading. Hence, patients are recommended to have prophylactic gastrectomies at a young age. Many patients wish to avoid surgery and thus have regular checks with upper endoscopy with biopsies to rule out cancer. Further, these patients may also be at risk of other cancers beyond the already known breast cancer risks, but this is not known. In this study, we show that despite systematic biopsy protocols, many early cancers might be missed on endoscopy. Therefore, patients should not rely on endoscopy to delay surgery. These patients may also be at increased risk of colorectal SRCC, which has very poor survival outcomes. To confirm this, we need a central database that captures outcomes for this patient population. Abstract Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCC) linked to CDH1 (E-cadherin) inactivating germline mutations, and increasingly other gene mutations. Female CDH1 mutation carriers have additional risk of lobular breast cancer. Risk management includes prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG). The utility of endoscopic surveillance is unclear, as early disease lacks macroscopic lesions. The current systematic biopsy protocols have unknown efficacy, and other secondary cancer risks are postulated. We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive asymptomatic HDGC patients undergoing PTG, detailing endoscopic, pathologic, and outcome results. A systematic review compared endoscopic biopsy foci detection via random sampling versus Cambridge Protocol against PTG findings. A population-level secondary-cancer-risk postulation among sporadic gastric SRCC patients was completed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Of 97 patients, 67 underwent PTG, with 25% having foci detection on random endoscopic biopsy despite 75% having foci on final pathology. There was no improvement in the endoscopic detection rate by Cambridge Protocol. The postulated hazard ratio among sporadic gastric SRCC patients for a secondary colorectal SRCC was three-fold higher, relative to conventional adenocarcinoma patients. Overall, HDGC patients should not rely on endoscopic surveillance to delay PTG, and may have secondary SRCC risks. A definitive determination of actual risk requires collaborative patient outcome data banking.
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24
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Li D, March ME, Fortugno P, Cox LL, Matsuoka LS, Monetta R, Seiler C, Pyle LC, Bedoukian EC, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Caluseriu O, Grand K, Tam A, Aycinena ARP, Camerota L, Guo Y, Sleiman P, Callewaert B, Kumps C, Dheedene A, Buckley M, Kirk EP, Turner A, Kamien B, Patel C, Wilson M, Roscioli T, Christodoulou J, Cox TC, Zackai EH, Brancati F, Hakonarson H, Bhoj EJ. Pathogenic variants in CDH11 impair cell adhesion and cause Teebi hypertelorism syndrome. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1061-1076. [PMID: 33811546 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Teebi hypertelorism syndrome (THS; OMIM 145420) is a rare craniofacial disorder characterized by hypertelorism, prominent forehead, short nose with broad or depressed nasal root. Some cases of THS have been attributed to SPECC1L variants. Homozygous variants in CDH11 truncating the transmembrane and intracellular domains have been implicated in Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS; OMIM 211380) with hypertelorism. We report THS due to CDH11 heterozygous missense variants on 19 subjects from 9 families. All affected residues in the extracellular region of Cadherin-11 (CHD11) are highly conserved across vertebrate species and classical cadherins. Six of the variants that cluster around the EC2-EC3 and EC3-EC4 linker regions are predicted to affect Ca2+ binding that is required for cadherin stability. Two of the additional variants [c.164G > C, p.(Trp55Ser) and c.418G > A, p.(Glu140Lys)] are also notable as they are predicted to directly affect trans-homodimer formation. Immunohistochemical study demonstrates that CDH11 is strongly expressed in human facial mesenchyme. Using multiple functional assays, we show that five variants from the EC1, EC2-EC3 linker, and EC3 regions significantly reduced the cell-substrate trans adhesion activity and one variant from EC3-EC4 linker results in changes in cell morphology, focal adhesion, and migration, suggesting dominant negative effect. Characteristic features in this cohort included depressed nasal root, cardiac and umbilical defects. These features distinguished this phenotype from that seen in SPECC1L-related hypertelorism syndrome and CDH11-related EWS. Our results demonstrate heterozygous variants in CDH11, which decrease cell-cell adhesion and increase cell migratory behavior, cause a form of THS, as termed CDH11-related THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Liza L Cox
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Leticia S Matsuoka
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Zebrafish Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louise C Pyle
- Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma C Bedoukian
- Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - María José Sánchez-Soler
- Sección de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,The Stollery Pediatric Hospital, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Tam
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicia R P Aycinena
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Letizia Camerota
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Candy Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Buckley
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Turner
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- NSW Health Pathology Genomics Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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25
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Grunberg N, Pevsner-Fischer M, Goshen-Lago T, Diment J, Stein Y, Lavon H, Mayer S, Levi-Galibov O, Friedman G, Ofir-Birin Y, Syu LJ, Migliore C, Shimoni E, Stemmer SM, Brenner B, Dlugosz AA, Lyden D, Regev-Rudzki N, Ben-Aharon I, Scherz-Shouval R. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1-Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1639-1653. [PMID: 33547159 PMCID: PMC8337092 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most lethal cancer worldwide, and evaluation of the genomic status of gastric cancer cells has not translated into effective prognostic or therapeutic strategies. We therefore hypothesize that outcomes may depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), in particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). However, very little is known about the role of CAFs in gastric cancer. To address this, we mapped the transcriptional landscape of human gastric cancer stroma by microdissection and RNA sequencing of CAFs from patients with gastric cancer. A stromal gene signature was associated with poor disease outcome, and the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulated the signature. HSF1 upregulated inhibin subunit beta A and thrombospondin 2, which were secreted in CAF-derived extracellular vesicles to the TME to promote cancer. Together, our work provides the first transcriptional map of human gastric cancer stroma and highlights HSF1 and its transcriptional targets as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the genomically stable tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows how HSF1 regulates a stromal transcriptional program associated with aggressive gastric cancer and identifies multiple proteins within this program as candidates for therapeutic intervention. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/7/1639/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Grunberg
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tal Goshen-Lago
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Judith Diment
- Department of Pathology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Stein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagar Lavon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimrit Mayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Friedman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Li-Jyun Syu
- Department of Dermatology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cristina Migliore
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Candiolo; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Ben-Aharon
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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26
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Geographical Distribution of E-cadherin Germline Mutations in the Context of Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061269. [PMID: 33809393 PMCID: PMC8001745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary E-cadherin (CDH1 gene) germline mutations are associated with the development of the autosomal cancer syndrome known as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. About 30% of families fulfilling the clinical criteria established by the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium have constitutional alterations of the CDH1 gene. Different patterns of CDH1 germline mutations have described as truncating, deletion, insertion, splice site, non sense, silence, and at last, missense alterations. The frequency of the different E-cadherin germline mutations in countries with different incidence rates for gastric carcinoma has reported extremely variable. In this study we aimed to assess the worldwide frequency of CDH1 germline mutations in gastric cancers coming from different geographical areas, using a systematic approach. Abstract Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a complex and multifactorial inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by CDH1 germline mutations. Nevertheless, current CDH1 genetic screening recommendations disregard an unbalanced worldwide distribution of CDH1 variants, impacting testing efficacy and patient management. In this systematic review, we collected and analyzed all studies describing CDH1 variants in gastric cancer patients originating from both high- and low-prevalence countries. Selected studies were categorized as family study, series study, and unknown study, according to the implementation of HDGC clinical criteria for genetic testing. Our results indicate that CDH1 mutations are more frequently identified in gastric cancer low-incidence countries, and in the family study group that encompasses cases fulfilling criteria. Considering the type of CDH1 alterations, we verified that the relative frequency of mutation types varies within study groups and geographical areas. In the series study, the missense variant frequency is higher in high-incidence areas of gastric cancer, when compared with non-missense mutations. However, application of variant scoring for putative relevance led to a strong reduction of CDH1 variants conferring increased risk of gastric cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that criteria for CDH1 genetic screening are critical for identification of individuals carrying mutations with clinical significance. Further, we propose that future guidelines for testing should consider GC incidence across geographical regions for improved surveillance programs and early diagnosis of disease.
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27
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Ghanbarian H, Aghamiri S, Eftekhary M, Wagner N, Wagner KD. Small Activating RNAs: Towards the Development of New Therapeutic Agents and Clinical Treatments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030591. [PMID: 33800164 PMCID: PMC8001863 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small double-strand RNA (dsRNA) molecules can activate endogenous genes via an RNA-based promoter targeting mechanism. RNA activation (RNAa) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism present in diverse eukaryotic organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) involved in RNAa have been successfully used to activate gene expression in cultured cells, and thereby this emergent technique might allow us to develop various biotechnological applications, without the need to synthesize hazardous construct systems harboring exogenous DNA sequences. Accordingly, this thematic issue aims to provide insights into how RNAa cellular machinery can be harnessed to activate gene expression leading to a more effective clinical treatment of various diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/growth & development
- Brain/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle Development/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Small Untranslated/therapeutic use
- Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics
- Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghanbarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-493-3776-65 (K.-D.W.)
| | - Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, 06107 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-493-3776-65 (K.-D.W.)
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28
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Li Y, Liu X, Chen D, Liu Y, Ma Y, Liu Q, Sun W, Li J. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line SDUBMSi005-A from a patient with double primary gastric and colon carcinoma. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102253. [PMID: 33770698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that mutations in CDH1 gene are associated with genetic susceptibility to colon, stomach, breast and prostate cancers. Here, an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from a patient with double primary gastric and colon carcinoma carrying germline mutation (c. 1679C > G) in CDH1 gene was generated. The iPSC line had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotent markers and had ability to generate three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Jisheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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29
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Pilonis ND, Tischkowitz M, Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Approaches to Screening, Surveillance, and Treatment. Annu Rev Med 2020; 72:263-280. [PMID: 33217247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051019-103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome associated with a significant lifetime risk of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC), a malignancy characterized by late clinical presentation and poor prognosis, as well as lobular breast cancer. HDGC is linked to germline pathogenic variants in the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) that are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern; however, in many families with DGC clustering, no genetic cause has been identified. This review discusses key elements that allow risk assessment of potential inherited DGC susceptibility. We provide a practical overview of the recommendations for surveillance and treatment of individuals at risk and patients with early disease. The review also outlines future research avenues to improve our understanding of the genetic background and natural history of the disease, the endoscopic detection of early lesions, and the outcome of prophylactic surgery in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastazja Dagny Pilonis
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom; .,The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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30
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Hirakawa M, Takada K, Sato M, Fujita C, Hayasaka N, Nobuoka T, Sugita S, Ishikawa A, Mizukami M, Ohnuma H, Murase K, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, Takemasa I, Hasegawa T, Sakurai A, Kato J. Case series of three patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer in a single family: Three case reports and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6689-6697. [PMID: 33268956 PMCID: PMC7673959 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i42.6689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a familial cancer syndrome often associated with germline mutations in the CDH1 gene. However, the frequency of CDH1 mutations is low in patients with HDGC in East Asian countries. Herein, we report three cases of HDGC harboring a missense CDH1 variant, c.1679C>G, from a single Japanese family.
CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old female (Case 1) and a 51-year-old male (father of Case 1), who had a strong family history of gastric cancer, were diagnosed with advanced diffuse gastric cancer. After genetic counselling, a 25-year-old younger brother of Case 1 underwent surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy that detected small signet ring cell carcinoma foci as multiple pale lesions in the gastric mucosa. Genetic analysis revealed a CDH1 c.1679C>G variant in all three patients.
CONCLUSION It is important for individuals suspected of having HDGC to be actively offered genetics evaluation. This report will contribute to an increased awareness of HDGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirakawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo 003-0804, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanori Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chisa Fujita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naotaka Hayasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nobuoka
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyako Mizukami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohnuma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Murase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakurai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan
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He W, Yu Y, Huang W, Feng G, Li J. The Pseudogene DUXAP8 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Interacting with EZH2 and H3K27me3. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11059-11070. [PMID: 33149618 PMCID: PMC7605666 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DUXAP8 has been reported to play an important role in CRC. This study investigated the mechanism by which this lncRNA regulates CRC progression. Methods The levels of lncRNA DUXAP8 in CRC tissues and cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. We then knocked down or forced overexpression of DUXAP8, and the resultant effect on cell proliferation was determined by the Edu assay and a cell cycle analysis, and the effect on cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The cell invasion/migration ability and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by Transwell/wound healing assays and Western blotting. CHIP and RNA pull-down assays were performed to determine the binding of Zeste gene enhancer 2 (EZH2) and trimethylated histone H3 to Lys27 (H3K27me3) in the E-cadherin promoter regions, or to DUXAP8. Results The levels of lncRNA DUXAP8 were significantly increased in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Knockdown of lncRNA DUXAP8 inhibited cell proliferation and the EMT process, and increased cell apoptosis, and overexpression of lncRNA DUXAP8 had an opposite effect. Both ChIP and RNA pull-down assays showed that the E-cadherin promoter region was bound by H3K27me3 and EZH2, which restrained E-cadherin expression. However, that binding was suppressed and E-cadherin expression was markedly induced by lncRNA DUXAP8 knockdown. Furthermore, lncRNA DUXAP8 could interact with EZH2 and H3K27me3. Conclusion Our data indicated that lncRNA DUXAP8 could induce the progression of CRC by negatively regulating E-cadherin via interaction with EZH2 and H3K27me3. These findings suggest lncRNA DUXAP8 as target for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Caggiari L, Fornasarig M, De Zorzi M, Cannizzaro R, Steffan A, De Re V. Family's History Based on the CDH1 Germline Variant (c.360delG) and a Suspected Hereditary Gastric Cancer Form. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144904. [PMID: 32664545 PMCID: PMC7402300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variant in CDH1, the gene encoding E-cadherin. The germline loss-of-function variants are the only proven cause of the cancer syndrome HDGC, occurring in approximately 10-18% of cases and representing a helpful tool in genetic counseling. The current case reports the family history based on a CDH1 gene variant, c.360delG, p.His121Thr in a suspected family for hereditary gastric cancer form. This frameshift deletion generates a premature stop codon at the amino acid 214, which leads to a truncated E-cadherin protein detecting it as a deleterious variant. The present study expands the mutational spectra of the family with the CDH1 variant. Our results highlight the clinical impact of the reported CDH1 variant running in gastric cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caggiari
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Bioproteomic facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.C.); (M.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Mara Fornasarig
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Bioproteomic facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.C.); (M.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Bioproteomic facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.C.); (M.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Bioproteomic facility, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.C.); (M.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659672
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33
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Katona BW, Clark DF, Domchek SM. CDH1 on Multigene Panel Testing: Look Before You Leap. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:330-334. [PMID: 31841163 PMCID: PMC7156936 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multigene panel testing (MGPT) has become a critical component of cancer risk assessment in clinical practice. As technology and access improve and costs decrease, more individuals than ever are undergoing MGPT for genetic evaluation. One gene that deserves special consideration when included on MGPT is CDH1, which codes for the cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline variants in CDH1 have been associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome, and in highly penetrant families, testing for these variants is critical for proper risk management. However, recent data demonstrated that gastric cancer penetrance in unselected CDH1 carriers may be lower than expected. Further complicating matters are the lack of effective screening strategies for gastric cancer and recommendation for risk-reducing total gastrectomy in CDH1 carriers. Therefore, the discovery of an unexpected pathogenic or likely pathogenic CDH1 variant on multigene panel testing, when testing for CDH1 would not normally be considered based on personal or family history alone, creates dilemmas for both patients and providers. In this commentary, we highlight the potential for unexpected CDH1 variants on MGPT, outline the uncertainties associated with these variants, and emphasize the importance of pretest counseling regarding the potential for an unexpected CDH1 variant. Although CDH1 testing is often important for clinical decision-making, individuals and providers need to be aware of the potential for an unexpected CDH1 variant when CDH1 is included on MGPT for cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana Farengo Clark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Choi S, Jang J, Heo YJ, Kang SY, Kim ST, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim JW, Kim KM. CDH1 mutations in gastric cancers are not associated with family history. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152941. [PMID: 32241597 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CDH1 mutation is the most frequent genetic alteration in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (GC) and early onset diffuse GC patients. However, the incidence of CDH1 mutations in sporadic GC with or without family history has not been studied. This retrospective study includes a total of 993 Korean patients with primary advanced GC who underwent surgery and received palliative chemotherapy. Targeted deep sequencing was performed in all cases and family history of GC was searched with survival analysis. We found CDH1 alterations in 146 of 993 patients (14.7 %) and 8 were germline (0.8 %). Out of 146 patients with CDH1 mutations, 25 (17.1 %) had a family history of GC in one of their first relatives, and 12 patients (8.2 %) were diagnosed with familial GC (FGC). All cases with FGC were diffuse type by Lauren classification, and only one harbored a previously reported germline mutation of CDH1 (c.2638 G > A) and the remaining 11 harbored known somatic CDH1 mutations. Among all patients with CDH1 mutation, there was no significant survival difference between patients with family history or FGC. In the 847 patients without CDH1 mutation, 189 (22.3 %) had a family history of GC and 92 patients (10.9 %) were FGC. CDH1 mutations were more frequent in patients with early onset (<45 years) GC (45.5 %) compared with patients with late onset GC (10.9 %) (p = 0.001), but were not significantly associated with the family history of GC (p > 0.05). CDH1 mutations are mostly somatic and typically are not associated with family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Renaud F, Svrcek M. [Hereditary gastric cancer: Challenges for the pathologist in 2020]. Ann Pathol 2020; 40:95-104. [PMID: 32147190 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The majority of gastric cancers are sporadic but familial clustering is seen in more than 10% of cases. This manuscript is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to the non-syndromic hereditary gastric cancer, particularly the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and other gastric polyposes including the recently described GAPPS (Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach). The second part concerns the syndromic gastric cancer, namely the HNPCC syndrome (Hereditary Non Polyposis Colorectal Cancer) occurring as part of a genetic predisposition syndrome to cancer. Recent advances in oncogenetics and next generation sequencing technology have enabled the identification of new entities. This enhancement in knowledge regarding inherited syndromes predisposing to gastric cancer has consequently improved the management of patients and their families. In this context, pathologists play a major role in identifying particular morphologic entities prompting genetic investigation. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an update on the current knowledge about hereditary gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Renaud
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938, SIRIC CURAMUS, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, équipe instabilité des microsatellites et cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France.
| | - Magali Svrcek
- Sorbonne université, Inserm, unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938, SIRIC CURAMUS, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, équipe instabilité des microsatellites et cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
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36
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cdh1-mediated Skp2 degradation by dioscin reprogrammes aerobic glycolysis and inhibits colorectal cancer cells growth. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102570. [PMID: 31806563 PMCID: PMC7000337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is overexpressed and correlated with poor prognosis in human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A natural product library was used for natural compound screening through glycolysis analysis. The expression of Skp2 in CRCs and the inhibitory effect of dioscin on glycolysis were examined through methods of immunoblot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, anchorage-dependent and -independent growth assays, EdU incorporation assay, ubiquitination analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene knockout, and xenograft experiment. FINDINGS We demonstrated that Skp2 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knockout of Skp2 inhibited HK2 and glycolysis and decreased CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We screened 88 commercially available natural products and found that dioscin, a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants, significantly inhibited glycolysis in CRC cells. Dioscin decreased the protein level of Skp2 by shortening the half-life of Skp2. Further study showed that dioscin attenuated Skp2 phosphorylation on S72 and promoted the interaction between Skp2 and Cdh1, which eventually enhanced Skp2 lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination and degradation. Depletion of Cdh1 impaired dioscin-induced Skp2 reduction, rescued HK2 expression, and glycolysis in CRC cells. Finally, dioscin delayed the in vivo tumor growth, promoted Skp2 ubiquitination, and inhibited Skp2 expression in a mouse xenograft model. INTERPRETATION This study suggests that in addition to pharmacological inactivation of Skp2, enhancement of ubiquitination-dependent Skp2 turnover is a promising approach for cancer treatment.
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38
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Zhang H, Schaefer A, Wang Y, Hodge RG, Blake DR, Diehl JN, Papageorge AG, Stachler MD, Liao J, Zhou J, Wu Z, Akarca FG, de Klerk LK, Derks S, Pierobon M, Hoadley KA, Wang TC, Church G, Wong KK, Petricoin EF, Cox AD, Lowy DR, Der CJ, Bass AJ. Gain-of-Function RHOA Mutations Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and Dependency in Diffuse Gastric Cancer. Cancer Discov 2019; 10:288-305. [PMID: 31771969 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a lethal malignancy lacking effective systemic therapy. Among the most provocative recent results in DGC has been that of highly recurrent missense mutations in the GTPase RHOA. The function of these mutations has remained unresolved. We demonstrate that RHOAY42C, the most common RHOA mutation in DGC, is a gain-of-function oncogenic mutant, and that expression of RHOAY42C with inactivation of the canonical tumor suppressor Cdh1 induces metastatic DGC in a mouse model. Biochemically, RHOAY42C exhibits impaired GTP hydrolysis and enhances interaction with its effector ROCK. RHOA Y42C mutation and Cdh1 loss induce actin/cytoskeletal rearrangements and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which activates YAP-TAZ, PI3K-AKT, and β-catenin. RHOAY42C murine models were sensitive to FAK inhibition and to combined YAP and PI3K pathway blockade. These results, coupled with sensitivity to FAK inhibition in patient-derived DGC cell lines, nominate FAK as a novel target for these cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: The functional significance of recurrent RHOA mutations in DGC has remained unresolved. Through biochemical studies and mouse modeling of the hotspot RHOAY42C mutation, we establish that these mutations are activating, detail their effects upon cell signaling, and define how RHOA-mediated FAK activation imparts sensitivity to pharmacologic FAK inhibitors.See related commentary by Benton and Chernoff, p. 182.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yichen Wang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard G Hodge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Devon R Blake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Matthew D Stachler
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Liao
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhong Wu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fahire G Akarca
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonie K de Klerk
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Derks
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - George Church
- Harvard, MIT, Blavatnik Institute, Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adam J Bass
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Roberts ME, Ranola JMO, Marshall ML, Susswein LR, Graceffo S, Bohnert K, Tsai G, Klein RT, Hruska KS, Shirts BH. Comparison of CDH1 Penetrance Estimates in Clinically Ascertained Families vs Families Ascertained for Multiple Gastric Cancers. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:1325-1331. [PMID: 31246251 PMCID: PMC6604087 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CDH1 pathogenic variants have been estimated to confer a 40% to 70% and 56% to 83% lifetime risk for gastric cancer in men and women, respectively. These are likely to be overestimates owing to ascertainment of families with multiple cases of gastric cancer. To our knowledge, there are no penetrance estimates for CDH1 without this ascertainment bias. OBJECTIVE To estimate CDH1 penetrance in a patient cohort not exclusively ascertained based on strict hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) criteria. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective review of 75 families found to have pathogenic variants in CDH1 through clinical ascertainment and multigene panel testing at a large commercial diagnostic laboratory from August 5, 2013, to June 30, 2018. CDH1 pathogenic variants were identified in 238 individuals from 75 families. Pedigrees from those families included cancer status for 1679 relatives. Penetrance estimates are based on 41 families for which completed pedigrees were available. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Gastric cancer standardized incidence ratio estimates relative to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program incidence for pathogenic CDH1 variants from families ascertained without regard to HDGC criteria. RESULTS Among the 238 individuals with a CDH1 pathogenic variant, mean (SD) age was 49.3 (18.1) years and 63.4% were female. Ethnicity was reported for 67 of 75 (89%) families; of these 67 families, 51 (76%) reported European ancestry, whereas Asian, African, Latino, and 2 or more ancestries were reported for 4 families (6%) each. Standardized incidence ratios for gastric and breast cancer were significantly elevated above SEER incidence. Extrapolated cumulative incidence of gastric cancer at age 80 years was 42% (95% CI, 30%-56%) for men and 33% (95% CI, 21%-43%) for women with pathogenic variants in CDH1, whereas cumulative incidence of female breast cancer was estimated at 55% (95% CI, 39%-68%). International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium criteria were met in 25 of the 75 (33%) families; however, dispensing with the requirement of confirmation of HDGC histologic subtype, 43 (57%) would meet criteria. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The cumulative incidence of gastric cancer for individuals with pathogenic variants in CDH1 is significantly lower than previously described. Because prophylactic gastrectomy can have bearing upon both physical and psychological health, further discussion is warranted to assess whether this surgical recommendation is appropriate for all individuals with pathogenic variants in CDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelsey Bohnert
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, Maryland
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ginger Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Brian H. Shirts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Beetham H, Chen A, Telford BJ, Single A, Jarman KE, Lackovic K, Luxenburger A, Guilford P. A high-throughput screen to identify novel synthetic lethal compounds for the treatment of E-cadherin-deficient cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12511. [PMID: 31467357 PMCID: PMC6715681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (CDH1) is a tumor suppressor that is required to maintain cell adhesion, cell polarity and cell survival signalling. Somatic mutations in CDH1 are common in diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). In addition, germline mutations in CDH1 predispose to the autosomal dominant cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC). One approach to target cells with mutations in specific tumor suppressor genes is synthetic lethality. To identify novel synthetic lethal compounds for the treatment of cancers associated with E-cadherin loss, we have undertaken a high-throughput screening campaign of ~114,000 lead-like compounds on an isogenic pair of human mammary epithelial cell lines - with and without CDH1 expression. This unbiased approach identified 12 novel compounds that preferentially harmed E-cadherin-deficient cells. Validation of these compounds using both real-time and end-point viability assays identified two novel compounds with significant synthetic lethal activity, thereby demonstrating that E-cadherin loss creates druggable vulnerabilities within tumor cells. In summary, we have identified novel synthetic lethal compounds that may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of both sporadic and hereditary LBC and DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Beetham
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Augustine Chen
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bryony J Telford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Single
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate E Jarman
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Lackovic
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Luxenburger
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Parry Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Bademci R, Bollo J, Martinez MC, Hernadez MP, Targarona EM. Colorectal Cancer Prognosis: The Impact of Signet Ring Cell. Gastrointest Tumors 2019; 6:57-63. [PMID: 31768349 DOI: 10.1159/000501454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer shows variation. The characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) are still not clear. Materials and Methods A retrospective comparison was made of the data of signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma patients operated on between 2009 and 2018 in respect of clinicopathological and operative results, morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival. Results The study included a total of 34 patients comprising 26 (76%) males and 8 (24%) females with a mean age of 58 ± 11.7 years. Incidence of SRCC was determined as 1.8%. Lymphovascular invasion was determined in 22 (64%) patients. Tumors were determined as stage T2 in 8 (32%) patients, stage T3 in 9 (36%), and stage T4 in 8 (32%). According to the TNM classification, 5 (14.7%) patients were diagnosed with stage 1, 7 (20.6%) with stage 2, 15 (44.1%) with stage 3, and 7 (20.6%) with stage 4. The mean follow-up period was 40.6 ± 30.4 months, and mean disease-free follow-up was determined as 33.1 ± 36.1 months. Fifteen (44.1%) patients died because of the disease. Conclusion Although SRCC is a poor prognostic factor, it should be kept in mind when determining adjuvant therapies and prognosis of patients determined with advanced-stage SRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refik Bademci
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Bollo
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Hernadez
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Maria Targarona
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lo W, Zhu B, Sabesan A, Wu HH, Powers A, Sorber RA, Ravichandran S, Chen I, McDuffie LA, Quadri HS, Beane JD, Calzone K, Miettinen MM, Hewitt SM, Koh C, Heller T, Wacholder S, Rudloff U. Associations of CDH1 germline variant location and cancer phenotype in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). J Med Genet 2019; 56:370-379. [PMID: 30745422 PMCID: PMC6716162 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome associated with variants in E-cadherin (CDH1), diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. There is considerable heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations. This study aimed to determine associations between CDH1 germline variant status and clinical phenotypes of HDGC. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two HDGC families, including six previously unreported families, were identified. CDH1 gene-specific guidelines released by the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel were applied for pathogenicity classification of truncating, missense and splice site CDH1 germline variants. We evaluated ORs between location of truncating variants of CDH1 and incidence of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and cancer at young age (gastric cancer at <40 or breast cancer <50 years of age). RESULTS Frequency of truncating germline CDH1 variants varied across functional domains of the E-cadherin receptor gene and was highest in linker (0.05785 counts/base pair; p=0.0111) and PRE regions (0.10000; p=0.0059). Families with truncating CDH1 germline variants located in the PRE-PRO region were six times more likely to have family members affected by colorectal cancer (OR 6.20, 95% CI 1.79 to 21.48; p=0.004) compared with germline variants in other regions. Variants in the intracellular E-cadherin region were protective for cancer at young age (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.64; p=0.0071) and in the linker regions for breast cancer (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.99; p=0.0493). Different CDH1 genotypes were associated with different intracellular signalling activation levels including different p-ERK, p-mTOR and β-catenin levels in early submucosal T1a lesions of HDGC families with different CDH1 variants. CONCLUSION Type and location of CDH1 germline variants may help to identify families at increased risk for concomitant cancers that might benefit from individualised surveillance and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Lo
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arvind Sabesan
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ho-Hsiang Wu
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Astin Powers
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sorber
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, indiana, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ina Chen
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lucas A McDuffie
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, indiana, USA
| | - Humair S Quadri
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Joal D Beane
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, indiana University School of Medicine, indianapolis, indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen Calzone
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Markku M Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Thoracic and Surgical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Rare Tumor initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Alur VC, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Mining Featured Biomarkers Linked with Epithelial Ovarian CancerBased on Bioinformatics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020039. [PMID: 30970615 PMCID: PMC6628368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the18th most common cancer worldwide and the 8th most common in women. The aim of this study was to diagnose the potential importance of, as well as novel genes linked with, EOC and to provide valid biological information for further research. The gene expression profiles of E-MTAB-3706 which contained four high-grade ovarian epithelial cancer samples, four normal fallopian tube samples and four normal ovarian epithelium samples were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database. Pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs (transcription factors) -target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated were analyzed using Cytoscape. In total, 552 DEGs were found, including 276 up-regulated and 276 down-regulated DEGs. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that most DEGs were significantly enriched in chemical carcinogenesis, urea cycle, cell adhesion molecules and creatine biosynthesis. GO enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs were significantly enriched in translation, nucleosome, extracellular matrix organization and extracellular matrix. From protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, modules, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs-target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated, and the top hub genes such as E2F4, SRPK2, A2M, CDH1, MAP1LC3A, UCHL1, HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C), VAT1, ECM1 and SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N) were associated in pathogenesis of EOC. The high expression levels of the hub genes such as CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta) and MID2 in stages 3 and 4 were validated in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. CEBPD andMID2 were associated with the worst overall survival rates in EOC. In conclusion, the current study diagnosed DEGs between normal and EOC samples, which could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of EOC. These new key biomarkers might be used as therapeutic targets for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chandra Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580002, India.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar,Dharwad, Karanataka 580001, India.
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Valle L, de Voer RM, Goldberg Y, Sjursen W, Försti A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Caldés T, Garré P, Olsen MF, Nordling M, Castellvi-Bel S, Hemminki K. Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:10-26. [PMID: 30862463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present article summarizes recent developments in the characterization of genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The main themes covered include new hereditary CRC and polyposis syndromes, non-CRC hereditary cancer genes found mutated in CRC patients, strategies used to identify novel causal genes, and review of candidate genes that have been proposed to predispose to CRC and/or colonic polyposis. We provide an overview of newly described genes and syndromes associated with predisposition to CRC and polyposis, including: polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, mismatch repair gene biallelic inactivation-related adenomatous polyposis (including MSH3- and MLH3-associated polyposes), GREM1-associated mixed polyposis, RNF43-associated serrated polyposis, and RPS20 mutations as a rare cause of hereditary nonpolyposis CRC. The implementation of next generation sequencing approaches for genetic testing has exposed the presence of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer syndromes not traditionally linked to CRC, which may have an impact on genetic testing, counseling and surveillance. The identification of new hereditary CRC and polyposis genes has not deemed an easy endeavor, even though known CRC-related genes explain a small proportion of the estimated familial risk. Whole-genome sequencing may offer a technology for increasing this proportion, particularly if applied on pedigree data allowing linkage type of analysis. The final section critically surveys the large number of candidate genes that have been recently proposed for CRC predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren F Olsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Genetic Predisposition to Gastrointestinal Cancer Group, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Xu S, Gilja S, Shetler S, Yang Y, Wang X, Austin RG, Runyambo D, Hish AJ, Bartholf DeWitt S, George JT, Kreulen RT, Boss MK, Lazarides AL, Kerr DL, Gerber DG, Sivaraj D, Armstrong AJ, Dewhirst MW, Eward WC, Levine H, Somarelli JA. E-Cadherin Represses Anchorage-Independent Growth in Sarcomas through Both Signaling and Mechanical Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1391-1402. [PMID: 30862685 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 (also known as E-cadherin), an epithelial-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule, plays multiple roles in maintaining adherens junctions, regulating migration and invasion, and mediating intracellular signaling. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas. Conversely, upregulation of E-cadherin is prognostic for improved survival in sarcomas. Yet, despite the prognostic benefit of E-cadherin expression in sarcoma, the mechanistic significance of E-cadherin in sarcomas remains poorly understood. Here, by combining mathematical models with wet-bench experiments, we identify the core regulatory networks mediated by E-cadherin in sarcomas, and decipher their functional consequences. Unlike carcinomas, E-cadherin overexpression in sarcomas does not induce a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). However, E-cadherin acts to reduce both anchorage-independent growth and spheroid formation of sarcoma cells. Ectopic E-cadherin expression acts to downregulate phosphorylated CREB1 (p-CREB) and the transcription factor, TBX2, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TBX2 phenocopies the effect of E-cadherin on CREB levels and restores sensitivity to anchorage-independent growth in sarcoma cells. Beyond its signaling role, E-cadherin expression in sarcoma cells can also strengthen cell-cell adhesion and restricts spheroid growth through mechanical action. Together, our results demonstrate that E-cadherin inhibits sarcoma aggressiveness by preventing anchorage-independent growth. IMPLICATIONS: We highlight how E-cadherin can restrict aggressive behavior in sarcomas through both biochemical signaling and biomechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Shetler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Garland Austin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniella Runyambo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander J Hish
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - R Timothy Kreulen
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - David L Kerr
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew G Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Solid Tumor Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Figueiredo J, Melo S, Carneiro P, Moreira AM, Fernandes MS, Ribeiro AS, Guilford P, Paredes J, Seruca R. Clinical spectrum and pleiotropic nature of CDH1 germline mutations. J Med Genet 2019; 56:199-208. [PMID: 30661051 PMCID: PMC6581119 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 encodes E-cadherin, a key protein in adherens junctions. Given that E-cadherin is involved in major cellular processes such as embryogenesis and maintenance of tissue architecture, it is no surprise that deleterious effects arise from its loss of function. E-cadherin is recognised as a tumour suppressor gene, and it is well established that CDH1 genetic alterations cause diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer—the foremost manifestations of the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. However, in the last decade, evidence has emerged demonstrating that CDH1 mutations can be associated with lobular breast cancer and/or several congenital abnormalities, without any personal or family history of diffuse gastric cancer. To date, no genotype–phenotype correlations have been observed. Remarkably, there are reports of mutations affecting the same nucleotide but inducing distinct clinical outcomes. In this review, we bring together a comprehensive analysis of CDH1-associated disorders and germline alterations found in each trait, providing important insights into the biological mechanisms underlying E-cadherin’s pleiotropic effects. Ultimately, this knowledge will impact genetic counselling and will be relevant to the assessment of risk of cancer development or congenital malformations in CDH1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Moreira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Fernandes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Systems and Robotics (ISR/IST), LARSyS, Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Parry Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer Department, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Masuda K, Kuwano Y. Diverse roles of RNA-binding proteins in cancer traits and their implications in gastrointestinal cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 10:e1520. [PMID: 30479000 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression patterns in cancer cells are strongly influenced by posttranscriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation; they can interact with target mRNAs in a sequence- and structure-dependent manner, and determine cellular behavior by manipulating the processing of these mRNAs. Numerous RBPs are aberrantly deregulated in many human cancers and hence, affect the functioning of mRNAs that encode proteins, implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the key roles of RBPs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, describe RBPs disrupted in cancer, and lastly focus on RBPs that are responsible for implementing cancer traits in the digestive tract. These evidences may reveal a potential link between changes in expression/function of RBPs and malignant transformation, and a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Masuda
- Kawasaki Medical School at Kurashiki-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School at Tokushima-City, Tokushima, Japan
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Mills JC, Samuelson LC. Past Questions and Current Understanding About Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:939-944. [PMID: 29964037 PMCID: PMC6174109 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Mills
- Departments of Medicine, Developmental Biology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Lee JY, Schizas M, Geyer FC, Selenica P, Piscuoglio S, Sakr RA, Ng CKY, Carniello JVS, Towers R, Giri DD, de Andrade VP, Papanastasiou AD, Viale A, Harris RS, Solit DB, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, King TA. Lobular Carcinomas In Situ Display Intralesion Genetic Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution in the Progression to Invasive Lobular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:674-686. [PMID: 30185420 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a preinvasive lesion of the breast. We sought to define its genomic landscape, whether intralesion genetic heterogeneity is present in LCIS, and the clonal relatedness between LCIS and invasive breast cancers.Experimental Design: We reanalyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) data and performed a targeted amplicon sequencing validation of mutations identified in 43 LCIS and 27 synchronous more clinically advanced lesions from 24 patients [9 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), 13 invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC), and 5 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC)]. Somatic genetic alterations, mutational signatures, clonal composition, and phylogenetic trees were defined using validated computational methods. RESULTS WES of 43 LCIS lesions revealed a genomic profile similar to that previously reported for ILCs, with CDH1 mutations present in 81% of the lesions. Forty-two percent (18/43) of LCIS were found to be clonally related to synchronous DCIS and/or ILCs, with clonal evolutionary patterns indicative of clonal selection and/or parallel/branched progression. Intralesion genetic heterogeneity was higher among LCIS clonally related to DCIS/ILC than in those nonclonally related to DCIS/ILC. A shift from aging to APOBEC-related mutational processes was observed in the progression from LCIS to DCIS and/or ILC in a subset of cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the contention that LCIS has a repertoire of somatic genetic alterations similar to that of ILCs, and likely constitutes a nonobligate precursor of breast cancer. Intralesion genetic heterogeneity is observed in LCIS and should be considered in studies aiming to develop biomarkers of progression from LCIS to more advanced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michail Schizas
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita A Sakr
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Russell Towers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Victor P de Andrade
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Agnes Viale
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David B Solit
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tari A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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50
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Polom K, Marrelli D, D'Ignazio A, Roviello F. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: how to look for and how to manage it. Updates Surg 2018; 70:161-166. [PMID: 29869323 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-018-0545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With a current molecular revolution, hereditary gastric cancer represents a small group of patients that require a special multidisciplinary treatment. Surgeons being a member of the multidisciplinary teams are an important part of the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of these patients. The prophylactic nature of the gastrectomy with all different problems associated with this procedure need to be widely discussed with patients. We present a review of how to look for and how to manage a hereditary diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Polom
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Ignazio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
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