1
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Koch I, Slovik M, Zhang Y, Liu B, Rennie M, Konz E, Cogne B, Daana M, Davids L, Diets IJ, Gold NB, Holtz AM, Isidor B, Mor-Shaked H, Neira Fresneda J, Niederhoffer KY, Nizon M, Pfundt R, Simon M, Stegmann A, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Wevers M, Barakat TS, Yanovsky-Dagan S, Atanassov BS, Toth R, Gao C, Bustos F, Harel T. USP27X variants underlying X-linked intellectual disability disrupt protein function via distinct mechanisms. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302258. [PMID: 38182161 PMCID: PMC10770416 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability (ND/ID) are a heterogeneous group of diseases driving lifelong deficits in cognition and behavior with no definitive cure. X-linked intellectual disability disorder 105 (XLID105, #300984; OMIM) is a ND/ID driven by hemizygous variants in the USP27X gene encoding a protein deubiquitylase with a role in cell proliferation and neural development. Currently, only four genetically diagnosed individuals from two unrelated families have been described with limited clinical data. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the disorder are unknown. Here, we report 10 new XLID105 individuals from nine families and determine the impact of gene variants on USP27X protein function. Using a combination of clinical genetics, bioinformatics, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we determined that XLID105 variants alter USP27X protein biology via distinct mechanisms including changes in developmentally relevant protein-protein interactions and deubiquitylating activity. Our data better define the phenotypic spectrum of XLID105 and suggest that XLID105 is driven by USP27X functional disruption. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of XLID105 variants will provide molecular insight into USP27X biology and may create the potential for therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intisar Koch
- https://ror.org/00sfn8y78 Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Maya Slovik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuling Zhang
- https://ror.org/0207yh398 Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- https://ror.org/0207yh398 Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Martin Rennie
- https://ror.org/00vtgdb53 School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily Konz
- https://ror.org/00sfn8y78 Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Muhannad Daana
- Child Development Centers, Clalit Health Care Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Davids
- Department of Neurosciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Illja J Diets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nina B Gold
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- https://ror.org/03wevmz92 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander M Holtz
- https://ror.org/03wevmz92 Division of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juanita Neira Fresneda
- https://ror.org/03czfpz43 Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Y Niederhoffer
- https://ror.org/0160cpw27 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Meh Simon
- https://ror.org/0575yy874 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Apa Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke Wevers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shira Yanovsky-Dagan
- https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boyko S Atanassov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- https://ror.org/0207yh398 Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Francisco Bustos
- https://ror.org/00sfn8y78 Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tamar Harel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Tang J, Luo Y, Xiao L. USP26 promotes anaplastic thyroid cancer progression by stabilizing TAZ. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:326. [PMID: 35397626 PMCID: PMC8994751 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal and aggressive human malignancies, with no effective treatment currently available. The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is highly conserved in mammals and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. TAZ is one of major key effectors of the Hippo pathway. However, the mechanism supporting abnormal TAZ expression in ATC remains to be characterized. In the present study, we identified USP26, a DUB enzyme in the ubiquitin-specific proteases family, as a bona fide deubiquitylase of TAZ in ATC. USP26 was shown to interact with, deubiquitylate, and stabilize TAZ in a deubiquitylation activity-dependent manner. USP26 depletion significantly decreased ATC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The effects induced by USP26 depletion could be rescued by further TAZ overexpression. Depletion of USP26 decreased the TAZ protein level and the expression of TAZ/TEAD target genes in ATC, including CTGF, ANKRD1, and CYR61. In general, our findings establish a previously undocumented catalytic role for USP26 as a deubiquitinating enzyme of TAZ and provides a possible target for the therapy of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer Control and Prevention in Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Tian H, Huo Y, Zhang J, Ding S, Wang Z, Li H, Wang L, Lu M, Liu S, Qiu S, Zhang Q. Disruption of ubiquitin specific protease 26 gene causes male subfertility associated with spermatogenesis defects in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1118-1128. [PMID: 30561524 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is an X-linked gene exclusively expressed in the testis and codes for the USP26, a peptidase enzyme that belongs to the deubiquitinating enzyme family. Recent studies have indicated that mutations in USP26 affect spermatogenesis and are associated with male infertility in humans and mice. However, the exact role of USP26 in spermatogenesis and how it affects male reproduction remains unknown. In this study, we generated a conventional Usp26 knockout mouse model and found that deletion of Usp26 in male mice (Usp26-/Y) leads to significantly reduced pup numbers per litter and significantly increased intervals between two consecutive offspring. We also found that the serum follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone levels of adult Usp26-/Y mice were significantly decreased compared to those of Usp26+/Y mice. Histological examination results showed that Usp26-/Y mice had significantly increased percentage of abnormal seminiferous tubules at different ages. Flow cytometry results exhibited that Usp26-/Y mice had significantly reduced percentage of mature haploid cells in the testes compared to Usp26+/Y mice. Sperm counts in epididymis were also significantly declined in Usp26-/Y mice compared to those in Usp26+/Y mice. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation analysis results showed that USP26 and androgen receptor were co-localized in mouse testicular cells at different ages and they both had physiological interactions. All these results demonstrated that the loss of Usp26 affects spermatogenesis and hormone secretion and causes male subfertility. Our study also provides the evidence on the interactions between USP26 and androgen receptor in mouse testis, whereby pointing to a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongwei Huo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shangshu Ding
- Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shudong Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Center for Aging.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium
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4
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Arafat M, Zeadna A, Levitas E, Har Vardi I, Samueli B, Shaco-Levy R, Dabsan S, Lunenfeld E, Huleihel M, Parvari R. Novel mutation in USP26 associated with azoospermia in a Sertoli cell-only syndrome patient. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1258. [PMID: 32410375 PMCID: PMC7336752 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin‐Specific Peptidase 26 (USP26), located on the X chromosome, encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme expressed mainly in testis, where it regulates protein turnover during spermatogenesis and modulates the ubiquitination levels of the Androgen Receptor (AR), and as a consequence, affects AR signaling. Methods The patient was thoroughly characterized clinically. He was genetically tested by chromosome analysis and whole exome sequencing (WES). Results The patient was diagnosed with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome pattern (SCOS). The WES analysis revealed only the variation in USP26: causing p.P469S in a highly evolutionary conserved amino acid as the possible cause for SCOS. The literature search identified 34 single variations and 14 clusters of variations in USP26 that were associated with male infertility. Only one of the 22 variations and of one cluster of three mutations tested for ubiquitination activity was found as damaging. Only one out of six variations tested for effect on AR function was found as damaging. Thus, the association of USP26 with male fertility was questioned. Conclusions The finding in our patient and the discussion on the reviewed literature support a possible role for USP26 in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Arafat
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Atif Zeadna
- Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eliahu Levitas
- Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Iris Har Vardi
- Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Benzion Samueli
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruth Shaco-Levy
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Salam Dabsan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eitan Lunenfeld
- Fertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruti Parvari
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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5
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Usp26 mutation in mice leads to defective spermatogenesis depending on genetic background. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13757. [PMID: 31551464 PMCID: PMC6760205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a reproductive system process that produces sperm. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 26 (USP26) is an X chromosome-linked deubiquitinase that is specifically expressed in the testes. It has long been controversial whether USP26 variants are associated with human male infertility. Thus, in the present study, we introduced a mutation into the Usp26 gene in mice and found that Usp26 mutant males backcrossed to a DBA/2 background, but not a C57BL/6 background, were sterile or subfertile and had atrophic testes. These findings indicate that the effects of the Usp26 mutation on male reproductive capacity were influenced by genetic background. Sperm in the cauda epididymis of Usp26 mutant mice backcrossed to a DBA/2 background were decreased in number and showed a malformed head morphology compared to those of wild-type mice. Additionally, histological examinations of the testes revealed that the number of round and elongated spermatids were dramatically reduced in Usp26 mutant mice. The mutant mice exhibited unsynapsed chromosomes in pachynema and defective chiasma formation in diplonema, which presumably resulted in apoptosis of metaphase spermatocytes and subsequent decrease of spermatids. Taken together, these results indicate that the deficiencies in fertility and spermatogenesis caused by mutation of Usp26 were dependent on genetic background.
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6
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Felipe-Medina N, Gómez-H L, Condezo YB, Sanchez-Martín M, Barbero JL, Ramos I, Llano E, Pendás AM. Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is not essential for mouse gametogenesis and fertility. Chromosoma 2019; 128:237-247. [PMID: 30887115 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is a deubiquitylating enzyme belonging to the USPs family with a transcription pattern restricted to the male germline. Since protein ubiquitination is an essential regulatory mechanism during meiosis, many efforts have been focused on elucidating the function of USP26 and its relationship with fertility. During the last decade, several studies have reported the presence of different polymorphisms in USP26 in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) or severe oligozoospermia suggesting that this gene may be associated with human infertility. However, other studies have revealed the presence of these and novel polymorphisms, including nonsense mutations, in men with normal spermatogenesis as well. Thus, the results remain controversial and its function is unknown. In the present study, we describe the in vivo functional analysis of mice lacking USP26. The phenotypic analysis of two different Usp26-null mutants showed no overt-phenotype with both males and females being fertile. Cytological analysis of spermatocytes showed no defects in synapsis, chromosome dynamics, DNA repair, or recombination. Histopathological analysis revealed a normal distribution and number of the different cell types in both male and female mice. Finally, normal counts were observed in fertility assessments. These results represent the first in vivo evidence showing that USP26 is not essential for mouse gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-H
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yazmine B Condezo
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Martín
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus platform, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José Luis Barbero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Llano
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Alberto M Pendás
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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7
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Kim SY, Baek KH. TGF-β signaling pathway mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:653-665. [PMID: 30349992 PMCID: PMC11105597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible cellular process mediated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the covalently conjugated ubiquitin from target substrates to counter ubiquitination. DUBs play a crucial role in regulating various signal transduction pathways and biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, metastasis, differentiation, etc. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway participates in various cellular functions such as inflammation, metastasis and embryogenesis, aberrant regulation of TGF-β signaling induces abnormal cellular functions resulting in numerous diseases. This review focuses on DUBs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of DUBs involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, and biological and therapeutic implications for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Röpke A, Tüttelmann F. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Aberrations of the X chromosome as cause of male infertility. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R249-R259. [PMID: 28611019 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is most commonly caused by spermatogenetic failure, clinically noted as oligo- or a-zoospermia. Today, in approximately 20% of azoospermic patients, a causal genetic defect can be identified. The most frequent genetic causes of azoospermia (or severe oligozoospermia) are Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), structural chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosomal microdeletions. Consistent with Ohno's law, the human X chromosome is the most stable of all the chromosomes, but contrary to Ohno's law, the X chromosome is loaded with regions of acquired, rapidly evolving genes, which are of special interest because they are predominantly expressed in the testis. Therefore, it is not surprising that the X chromosome, considered as the female counterpart of the male-associated Y chromosome, may actually play an essential role in male infertility and sperm production. This is supported by the recent description of a significantly increased copy number variation (CNV) burden on both sex chromosomes in infertile men and point mutations in X-chromosomal genes responsible for male infertility. Thus, the X chromosome seems to be frequently affected in infertile male patients. Four principal X-chromosomal aberrations have been identified so far: (1) aneuploidy of the X chromosome as found in Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY or mosaicism for additional X chromosomes). (2) Translocations involving the X chromosome, e.g. nonsyndromic 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development (XX-male syndrome) or X-autosome translocations. (3) CNVs affecting the X chromosome. (4) Point mutations disrupting X-chromosomal genes. All these are reviewed herein and assessed concerning their importance for the clinical routine diagnostic workup of the infertile male as well as their potential to shape research on spermatogenic failure in the next years.
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9
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Kit Leng Lui S, Iyengar PV, Jaynes P, Isa ZFBA, Pang B, Tan TZ, Eichhorn PJA. USP26 regulates TGF-β signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:797-808. [PMID: 28381482 PMCID: PMC5412796 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate physiological responses. As part of negative feedback loop SMAD7, a direct transcriptional target of downstream TGF-β signaling acts as a scaffold to recruit the E3 ligase SMURF2 to target the TGF-β receptor complex for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Here, we identify the deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 as a novel integral component of this negative feedback loop. We demonstrate that TGF-β rapidly enhances the expression of USP26 and reinforces SMAD7 stability by limiting the ubiquitin-mediated turnover of SMAD7. Conversely, knockdown of USP26 rapidly degrades SMAD7 resulting in TGF-β receptor stabilization and enhanced levels of p-SMAD2. Clinically, loss of USP26 correlates with high TGF-β activity and confers poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Our data identify USP26 as a novel negative regulator of the TGF-β pathway and suggest that loss of USP26 expression may be an important factor in glioblastoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kit Leng Lui
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Brendan Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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The testis-specific USP26 is a deubiquitinating enzyme of the ubiquitin ligase Mdm2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:106-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Luddi A, Crifasi L, Quagliarello A, Governini L, De Leo V, Piomboni P. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of USP26 in azoospermic men. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 62:372-378. [PMID: 27726449 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2016.1238116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have focused on the association between male infertility and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) gene, but the results are controversial. In this case-control study including both normozoospermic men and patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, we analyzed both the entire coding region and 5' and 3' untranslated regions of USP26 in order to identify genetic variants in this gene to investigate the role of USP26 on spermatogenesis. We reported variations in the USP26 gene sequence in 82% of azoospermic and in 50% normospermic men. The synonymous variation c.576G>A has a frequency significantly different in the azoospermic (60.2%) and normozoospermic (23.6%) groups, while the frequencies in the two groups of both c.1090C>T and c.1737G>A missense mutations did not reach statistical significance. A cluster mutation (c.371insACA, c.494T>C) was detected in 2 normozoospermic men (2.7%). In the 5'UTR we identified the -33C>T variation both in azoospermic (3.8%) and in normozoospermic (2.7%) men. In a normozoospermic man we detected the nonsense mutation c.882C>A, never reported to date. According to our results, we suggest that only the variation c.576G>A has a frequency significantly different in azoospermic compared to normozoospermic men. Moreover, the identification in a normozoospermic man of a nonsense mutation (c.882C>A) which causes the production of a truncated protein, suggests a marginal role of USP26 in male spermatogenesis. Additional studies may be useful as we cannot exclude that the other SNPs may represent risk factors for male fertility acting by an oligogenic/polygenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Luddi
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,b Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital , Siena , Italy
| | - Laura Crifasi
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,b Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Laura Governini
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,b Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital , Siena , Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,b Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital , Siena , Italy
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Ma Q, Li Y, Guo H, Li C, Chen J, Luo M, Jiang Z, Li H, Gui Y. A Novel Missense Mutation in USP26 Gene Is Associated With Nonobstructive Azoospermia. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1434-41. [PMID: 27089915 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116641758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26 (USP26) gene variations were associated with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). METHODS Seven hundred and seventy-six patients diagnosed with NOA and 709 proven fertile men were included in this study. Genetic variations of infertility-related genes, including USP26, were identified by selected exonic sequencing. The effects of USP26 mutations on androgen receptor (AR) binding, ubiquitination, and transcriptional activity were detected by immunoprecipitation and luciferase assay in Hela and TM4 cells. RESULTS Six novel missense mutations and 1 novel synonymous mutation of USP26 unique to the patients with NOA were identified. Of these missense mutations, USP26 R344W remarkably reduced the binding affinity and deubiquitinating activity of USP26 to AR, thus eliminated the inhibitory effect of USP26 on transcriptional activity of AR in Hela and TM4 cells. CONCLUSION A novel USP26 variant p.R344W is associated with NOA probably through affecting AR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yuchi Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Huan Guo
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Cailing Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Manling Luo
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhimao Jiang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Honggang Li
- The Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, PR China
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13
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Suresh B, Lee J, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in spermatogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4711-20. [PMID: 26350476 PMCID: PMC11113867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process through which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitosis, meiosis, and cell differentiation to generate mature spermatozoa. During this process, male germ cells experience several translational modifications. One of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotes is the ubiquitination of proteins, which targets proteins for degradation; this enables control of the expression of enzymes and structural proteins during spermatogenesis. It has become apparent that ubiquitination plays a key role in regulating every stage of spermatogenesis starting from gonocytes to differentiated spermatids. It is understood that, where there is ubiquitination, deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) also exists to counterbalance the ubiquitination process in a reversible manner. Normal spermatogenesis is dependent on the balanced actions of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. This review highlights the current knowledge of the role of DUBs and their essential regulatory contribution to spermatogenesis, especially during progression into meiotic phase, acrosome biogenesis, quality sperm production, and apoptosis of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Xia JD, Chen J, Han YF, Chen H, Yu W, Chen Y, Dai YT. Association of 370-371insACA, 494T>C, and 1423C>T haplotype in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 gene and male infertility: a meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:720-4. [PMID: 24875820 PMCID: PMC4215687 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.129134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the 370-371insACA, 494T>C, and 1423C>T haplotype in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) gene is associated with male infertility is controversial. To clarify this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis based on the most recent studies. Eligible studies were screened by using PubMed and Embase. Pooled odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated with fixed effect models. Ten studies with 1603 patients and 2505 controls were included. Overall, the results indicated that there was an association between the haplotype and male infertile risk (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.09–2.77). The OR calculated based on the five studies in Asia and three in Europe was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.05–3.67) and 1.54 (95% CI: 0.75–3.16) respectively, however, the OR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.05–15.29) based on the two investigations in America. In addition, the data from the patients with azoospermia (AZO) showed an increased pooled OR of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.22–4.50). In contrast, the studies with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) exhibited that the pooled OR was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.43–2.16). Our analyses indicate that there is an association of alteration in USP26 with male infertility, especially in AZO and Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Tian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Zhang W, Liu T, Mi YJ, Yue LD, Wang JM, Liu DW, Yan J, Tian QB. Evidence from enzymatic and meta-analyses does not support a direct association between USP26 gene variants and male infertility. Andrology 2015; 3:271-9. [PMID: 25755145 DOI: 10.1111/andr.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Do men who carry mutations in USP26 have an increased risk of infertility? The association between mutations in USP26 gene and male infertility has been studied intensively. However, the results from different groups are controversial. In particular, biological function of the mutant proteins remains to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted a USP cleavage assay and a meta-analysis of the published literature (up to 31 May 2013) to evaluate the impact of five frequent mutations (NM_031907.1: c.363_364insACA, c.494T>C, c.1423C>T, c.1090C>T, c.1737G>A) on enzymatic activity of the USP26 and to assess the strength of the association between those mutations and male infertility. The USP cleavage assay showed that those mutations do not affect USP26 enzymatic activity. Moreover, the results of meta-analysis of ten case-control studies (in total 1716 patients and 2597 controls) revealed no significant association (P > 0.05) between USP26 mutations and male infertility. The pooled ORs were 1.58 (95% CI: 0.81, 3.10) for cluster mutations (c.363_364insACA, c.494T>C, c.1423C>T), 1.60 (95% CI: 0.93, 2.74) for c.1090 C>T and 2.64 (95% CI: 0.97, 7.20) for c.1737 G>A. Evidence from both enzymatic and meta-analyses does not support a direct association between USP26 variants and male infertility. Further research is necessary to study the biological function of USP26, which may provide clues as to the regulation of androgen receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Tahmasbpour E, Balasubramanian D, Agarwal A. A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1115-37. [PMID: 25117645 PMCID: PMC4156950 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assisted reproductive techniques aimed to assist infertile couples have their own offspring carry significant risks of passing on molecular defects to next generations. RESULTS Novel breakthroughs in gene and protein interactions have been achieved in the field of male infertility using genome-wide proteomics and transcriptomics technologies. CONCLUSION Male Infertility is a complex and multifactorial disorder. SIGNIFICANCE This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date evaluation of the multifactorial factors involved in male infertility. These factors need to be first assessed and understood before we can successfully treat male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashok Agarwal
- />Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 44195 Cleveland, OH USA
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17
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Barda S, Yogev L, Paz G, Yavetz H, Lehavi O, Hauser R, Doniger T, Breitbart H, Kleiman SE. BRDT gene sequence in human testicular pathologies and the implication of its single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3088232) on fertility. Andrology 2014; 2:641-7. [PMID: 24865796 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain testis-specific (BRDT) protein is essential for the normal process of spermatogenesis. Mutant mice that expressed truncated BRDT had impaired testicular histology with severely reduced sperm concentration and abnormal sperm morphology, while a model of knockout Brdt mice with no BRDT protein had complete meiotic arrest. A BRDT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3088232) was reported as being associated with infertility in men. We assessed testicular specimens of 276 azoospermic men who underwent testicular sperm extraction to search for specimens that showed spermatogenic impairments similar to those of mutant BRDT mice. Ten similar specimens were selected for BRDT gene sequencing and they revealed three NCBI-reported SNPs (rs10783071, rs3088232 and rs10747493) variously distributed among them. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that they would not affect protein activity. Further assessment of rs3088232 frequency in a large group of non-obstructive azoospermia men and fertile controls demonstrated no significant difference between them (27.2 and 21.7% respectively; p = 0.122, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that the testicular impairments observed in the 10 specimens were not a consequence of BRDT gene mutation. The association between BRDT rs3088232 and infertility that had been reported in other studies was not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barda
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Liu WL, Chen YA, Lai YW, Hsueh TY, Chen SS, Chiu AW. Nationwide survey to evaluate medical utilization by patients with inguinal hernia and the risk of developing varicocele in Taiwan. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 8:101-5. [PMID: 24470759 PMCID: PMC3901776 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s56922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze age, geographical and seasonal variations in medical service utilization by patients with inguinal hernia in Taiwan, and the influence of herniorrhaphy on development of ipsilateral varicocele in male patients. METHODS Between 2001 and 2008, comprehensive data on the characteristics of medical service utilization by patients with inguinal hernia was evaluated via a retrospective nationwide population-based study. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Parameters for comparison included newly diagnosed inguinal hernia cases, number of herniorrhaphies, and incidence rates every year, number of outpatient visits for inguinal hernia, and herniorrhaphy by age, season, and area of Taiwan. RESULTS There was an average of 1,466 newly diagnosed inguinal hernia cases and 871.9 herniorrhaphies performed per year per million population during the study period. The male ratio for both newly diagnosed inguinal hernia cases and number of herniorrhaphies increased significantly by age. The number of newly diagnosed inguinal hernia cases and outpatient visits for inguinal hernia was highest during summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter, and in the north of Taiwan, followed by the center, south, and east. Additionally, the incidence of developing ipsilateral varicocele after herniorrhaphy was low in male patients. CONCLUSION The number of newly diagnosed inguinal hernia cases and outpatient visits for inguinal hernia is highest during summer and lowest in eastern Taiwan. In addition, the incidence of developing ipsilateral varicocele after herniorrhaphy is higher in patients aged 10-19 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Liu
- Taipei Databank for Public Health Analysis, Institute of Clinical Research and Teaching, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Institute, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y Hsueh
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Institute, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Institute, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Allen W Chiu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Institute, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Asadpor U, Totonchi M, Sabbaghian M, Hoseinifar H, Akhound MR, Zari Moradi S, Haratian K, Sadighi Gilani MA, Gourabi H, Mohseni Meybodi A. Ubiquitin-specific protease (USP26) gene alterations associated with male infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Iranian infertile patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:923-31. [PMID: 23779098 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The human X chromosome is enriched with testis-specific genes that may be crucial for male fertility. Mutations in USP26 gene have been proposed to be associated with male infertility. Moreover, the importance of the ubiquitin pathway during different stages of mammalian fertilization and even embryo development has been addressed. Some mutations and haplotypes on this gene have been proposed to be associated with male infertility. In this study, five different mutations on USP26 were investigated: 1737 G > A, 1090 C > T, 370-371ins ACA, 494 T > C and 1423 C > T. METHODS The study included 166 infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia, 72 male partners of couples who had previously experienced ≥3 clinical first trimester spontaneous abortions and 60 fertile men. Besides family history of reproduction, hormonal evaluation and semen analysis were performed. DNA was extracted from blood samples. PCR-SSCP, PCR-RFLP and PCR Product Cloning methods were used and resumed by sequencing to insure about the mutations. Moreover, USP26 gene expression was studied by Real-Time PCR after RNA extraction followed by cDNA synthesis from 24 testis biopsies in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia patients. RESULTS The results indicate that there is a haplotype between three observed mutations in Iranian population include: 370-371insACA, 1423C > T and 494 T > C. This haplotype was seen in control group as well. Surprisingly, total frequency of mutations in men with history of idiopathic RPL and azoospermic cases were significantly higher than that of in control groups (p < 0.05). Serum testosterone concentrations and testicular volume did not differ in the mutation positive group compared with the non-mutation group. About the USP26 gene expression, there is a significant difference between the expression levels of obstructive azoospermia, complete maturation arrest samples and SCO samples (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the USP26 gene may play an important role in male reproduction. The alterations of this gene may be involved in male infertility and RPL in Iranian population and may negatively affect testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Asadpor
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Stouffs K, Lissens W. X chromosomal mutations and spermatogenic failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1864-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Singh R, Hamada AJ, Bukavina L, Agarwal A. Physical deformities relevant to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:156-74. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin YW, Hsu TH, Yen PH. Localization of ubiquitin specific protease 26 at blood-testis barrier and near Sertoli cell-germ cell interface in mouse testes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e368-77. [PMID: 21449984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Specific Protease 26 (USP26) is a little studied ubiquitin-specific protease that is expressed specifically in the testis. In humans, some USP26 polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with impaired male fertility. However, how USP26 affects male reproduction remains unclear. We generated an antibody that stained specifically cultured cells expressing an epitope-tagged USP26 and used it to elucidate the biological function of USP26. Immunostaining of mouse testis sections as well as dispersed germ cells showed the presence of USP26 at the blood-testis barrier, near the Sertoli cell-germ cell interface of post-step 7 spermatids, and coating the dorsal surface of sperm head. Further RT-PCR assays detected the expression of Usp26 in germ cells, but not in primary Sertoli cell lines. In addition, USP26 immunoprecipitated from testis lysates exhibited deubiquitinating activities. The localization of USP26 in the testis suggests a possible role in the movement of germ cells along the seminiferous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Böhne A, Darras A, D'Cotta H, Baroiller JF, Galiana-Arnoux D, Volff JN. The vertebrate makorin ubiquitin ligase gene family has been shaped by large-scale duplication and retroposition from an ancestral gonad-specific, maternal-effect gene. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:721. [PMID: 21172006 PMCID: PMC3022923 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the makorin (mkrn) gene family encode RING/C3H zinc finger proteins with U3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Although these proteins have been described in a variety of eukaryotes such as plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates including human, almost nothing is known about their structural and functional evolution. RESULTS Via partial sequencing of a testis cDNA library from the poeciliid fish Xiphophorus maculatus, we have identified a new member of the makorin gene family, that we called mkrn4. In addition to the already described mkrn1 and mkrn2, mkrn4 is the third example of a makorin gene present in both tetrapods and ray-finned fish. However, this gene was not detected in mouse and rat, suggesting its loss in the lineage leading to rodent murids. Mkrn2 and mkrn4 are located in large ancient duplicated regions in tetrapod and fish genomes, suggesting the possible involvement of ancestral vertebrate-specific genome duplication in the formation of these genes. Intriguingly, many mkrn1 and mkrn2 intronless retrocopies have been detected in mammals but not in other vertebrates, most of them corresponding to pseudogenes. The nature and number of zinc fingers were found to be conserved in Mkrn1 and Mkrn2 but much more variable in Mkrn4, with lineage-specific differences. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated a highly gonad-biased expression pattern for makorin genes in medaka and zebrafish (ray-finned fishes) and amphibians, but a strong relaxation of this specificity in birds and mammals. All three mkrn genes were maternally expressed before zygotic genome activation in both medaka and zebrafish early embryos. CONCLUSION Our analysis demonstrates that the makorin gene family has evolved through large-scale duplication and subsequent lineage-specific retroposition-mediated duplications in vertebrates. From the three major vertebrate mkrn genes, mkrn4 shows the highest evolutionary dynamics, with lineage-specific loss of zinc fingers and even complete gene elimination from certain groups of vertebrates. Comparative expression analysis strongly suggests that the ancestral E3 ubiquitin ligase function of the single copy mkrn gene before duplication in vertebrates was gonad-specific, with maternal expression in early embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Böhne
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Shi YC, Wei L, Cui YX, Shang XJ, Wang HY, Xia XY, Zhou YC, Li H, Jiang HT, Zhu WM, Huang YF. Association between ubiquitin-specific protease USP26 polymorphism and male infertility in Chinese men. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:545-9. [PMID: 21147082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased sperm ubiquitin was inversely associated with sperm count and motility. Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26), which is an X-linked gene, has been studied as a potential infertility gene. There are conflicting reports on whether variations in USP26 are associated with spermatogenesis. METHODS In order to assess that USP26 polymorphisms contribute to male infertility, we screened 221 infertile men with azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, or oligoasthenozoospermia, and 101 control fertile men using DNA sequencing. RESULTS There were six polymorphisms identified, including an unreported variation (508G>A, G170R). Only the allele frequency of 576G>A was significantly higher in fertile men than infertile patients (p<0.001), although this variant does not result in an amino acid change. The major haplotypes in fertile and infertile men were TGATC (76.2% vs 47.5% of the population, p<0.001) and TGGTC (14.9% vs 39.4%, p<0.001). The haplotype TGATC was under-transmitted, whereas the haplotype TGGTC was over-transmitted in infertile men with asthenozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated the variation of USP26 was not directly associated with human sperm count but suggested it might be a potential role in sperm motility. The 576G>A synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) might have a role in improving the sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-chao Shi
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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Hwang K, Yatsenko AN, Jorgez CJ, Mukherjee S, Nalam RL, Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. Mendelian genetics of male infertility. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1214:E1-E17. [PMID: 21382200 PMCID: PMC3654696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive despite trying for a year, and it affects approximately 15% of the reproductive-age population. It is considered a genetically lethal factor, as the family lineage stops at that individual with no progeny produced. A genetic defect associated with an infertile individual cannot be transmitted to the offspring, ensuring the maintenance of reproductive fitness of the species. However, with the advent of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), we are now able to overcome sterility and bypass nature's protective mechanisms that developed through evolution to prevent fertilization by defective or deficient sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hwang
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Dirac AMG, Bernards R. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP26 is a regulator of androgen receptor signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:844-54. [PMID: 20501646 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is essential for male sexual development and maturation, as well as prostate cancer development. Regulation of AR signaling activity depends on several posttranslational modifications, one of these being ubiquitination. We screened a short hairpin library targeting members of the deubiquitination enzyme family and identified the X-linked deubiquitination enzyme USP26 as a novel regulator of AR signaling. USP26 is a nuclear protein that binds to AR via three important nuclear receptor interaction motifs, and modulates AR ubiquitination, consequently influencing AR activity and stability. Our data suggest that USP26 assembles with AR and other cofactors in subnuclear foci, and serves to counteract hormone-induced AR ubiquitination, thereby contributing to the regulation of AR transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M G Dirac
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066 CX Netherlands.
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27
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Chen SS, Huang WJ. Experience of varicocele management during ipsilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy: a prospective study. J Chin Med Assoc 2010; 73:248-51. [PMID: 20685591 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a prospective study to evaluate the experience of varicocele management during ipsilateral herniorrhaphy in an inpatient urology setting. METHODS A total of 65 patients with varicocele and inguinal hernia scheduled for herniorrhaphy were included for evaluation. They were categorized into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 20) had painful varicocele and underwent simultaneous herniorrhaphy and varicocelectomy; group 2 (n = 20) had asymptomatic varicocele and received simultaneous herniorrhaphy and varicocelectomy; and group 3 (n = 25) had asymptomatic varicocele and underwent herniorrhaphy only. We used the Bassini method for herniorrhaphy and inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy for varicocele. Varicocele was diagnosed by physical examination and further confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 30.2 months (range, 6-56 months). Of the 20 subjects in group 1, complete resolution of scrotal pain was noticed in 14 (70%), and 2 (10%) had hydrocele after varicocelectomy. Of the 20 patients in group 2, 1 (5%) had hydrocele after surgery, and no hydrocele was noticed in group 3 after surgery. Mean operation time was significantly longer in group 1 (70.5 + or - 15.2 minutes) and group 2 (69.8 + or - 14.5 minutes) than in group 3 (38.2 + or - 17.2 minutes). One case in group 1 had recurrent varicocele 6 months after surgery. Of the 25 subjects in group 3, 2 (8%) developed painful varicocele during the follow-up period, and both of them had indirect inguinal hernia and lower body mass index. CONCLUSION Simultaneous herniorrhaphy and varicocelectomy are suggested for patients who have inguinal hernia and ipsilateral varicocele, but the average operation time is significantly longer and there is a higher rate of hydrocele than with herniorrhaphy only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Deubiquitination is a crucial mechanism in ubiquitin-mediated signalling networks. The importance of Dubs (deubiquitinating enzymes) as regulators of diverse cellular processes is becoming ever clearer as new roles are elucidated and new pathways are shown to be affected by this mechanism. Recent work, reviewed in the present paper, provides new perspective on the widening influence of Dubs and a new tool to focus studies of not only Dub interactions, but also potentially many more cellular systems.
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Potrzebowski L, Vinckenbosch N, Kaessmann H. The emergence of new genes on the young therian X. Trends Genet 2009; 26:1-4. [PMID: 19931933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that our sex chromosomes differentiated relatively recently from ancestral autosomes in the common ancestor of placental and marsupial mammals (therians). Here, we show that the therian X started to accumulate new retroduplicate genes with overall sex-biased expression upon therian sex chromosome differentiation. This process reached its peak within the first approximately 90 million years of sex chromosome evolution and then leveled off. Taken together, our observations suggest that the major sex-related functional remodeling of the X was completed relatively soon after the origination of therian sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Potrzebowski
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stouffs K, Tournaye H, Liebaers I, Lissens W. Male infertility and the involvement of the X chromosome. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:623-37. [PMID: 19515807 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility is a worldwide problem, keeping many researchers puzzled. Besides environmental factors, much attention is paid to single gene defects. In this view, the sex chromosomes are particularly interesting since men only have a single copy of these chromosomes. The involvement of the Y chromosome in male infertility is obvious since the detection of Yq microdeletions. The role of the X chromosome, however, remains less understood. METHODS Articles were obtained by searching PubMed until December 2008. A first search attempted to identify genes located on the X chromosome potentially important for spermatogenesis. A second part of the study was focused on those genes for which the role has already been studied in infertile patients. RESULTS Multiple genes located on the X chromosome are expressed in testicular tissues. The function of many genes, especially the cancer-testis genes, has not been studied so far. There were striking differences between mouse and human genes. In the second part of the study, the results of mutation analyses of seven genes (AR, SOX3, USP26, NXF2, TAF7L, FATE and AKAP4) are described. Except for AR, no infertility causing mutations have, thus far, been described. It cannot be excluded that some of the observed changes should be considered as risk factors for impaired spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that, so far, the mutation analysis of X-linked genes in humans, presumed to be crucial for spermatogenesis or sperm quality, has been disappointing. Other approaches to learn more about male infertility are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Stouffs
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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