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Huoi C, Vargas-Zambrano J, Macina D, Vidor E. A combined DTaP-IPV vaccine (Tetraxim®/Tetravac®) used as school-entry booster: a review of more than 20 years of clinical and post-marketing experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1215-1231. [PMID: 35983656 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2084076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Routine infant primary series and toddler booster vaccination are associated with waning of antibody levels over time, which can lead to an increased incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. A diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) booster vaccination at school-entry (aged 4-7 years) allows continued protection against these diseases and is included in many national immunization programs. AREAS COVERED The available immunogenicity and safety data from 6 clinical studies of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTaP-IPV [Tetraxim®]) used as a school-entry booster vaccination were identified using a PubMed search or on file at Sanofi. The studies spanned a 15-year period (1995-2010) and were performed in different populations using different study designs, so all data were reviewed descriptively (no meta-analyses were conducted). Additionally, post-marketing experience was reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Each vaccine antigen is highly immunogenic, and the safety profile of the vaccine is satisfactory. Post-marketing evaluations have shown the effectiveness of a school-age booster, particularly against increased pertussis disease incidence around the time of school entry and the associated risk of spreading the disease through contact with younger vulnerable infants. School-entry provides an ideal opportunity to implement DTaP-IPV vaccination to close the gap between waning immunity from the previous infant/toddler vaccination and future adolescent vaccination.
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Perez Chacon G, Ramsay J, Brennan-Jones CG, Estcourt MJ, Richmond P, Holt P, Snelling T. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 9:CD013682. [PMID: 34693993 PMCID: PMC8543786 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013682.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic diseases are the most common chronic conditions of childhood. The apparent rise in food anaphylaxis in young children over the past three decades is of particular concern, owing to the lack of proven prevention strategies other than the timely introduction of peanut and egg. Due to reported in vitro differences in the immune response of young infants primed with whole-cell pertussis (wP) versus acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, we systematically appraised and synthesised evidence on the safety and the potential allergy preventive benefits of wP, to inform recommendation for future practice and research. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of wP vaccinations in comparison to aP vaccinations in early infancy for the prevention of atopic diseases in children. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and grey literature. The date of the search was 7 September 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) that reported the occurrence of atopic diseases, and RCTs only to assess safety outcomes. To be included studies had to have at least six months follow-up, and involve children under 18 years old, who received a first dose of either wP (experimental intervention) or aP (comparator) before six months of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias using standard Cochrane methods. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Our primary outcomes were diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy and all-cause serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes included: diagnosis of not vaccine-associated anaphylaxis or urticaria, diagnosis of asthma, diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and diagnosis of encephalopathy. Due to paucity of RCTs reporting on the atopic outcomes of interest, we assessed a broader outcome domain (cumulative incidence of atopic disease) as specified in our protocol. We summarised effect estimates as risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where appropriate, we pooled safety data in meta-analyses using fixed-effect Mantel-Haenszel methods, without zero-cell corrections for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS We identified four eligible studies reporting on atopic outcomes, representing 7333 children. Based on a single trial, there was uncertain evidence on whether wP vaccines affected the risk of overall atopic disease (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.17) or asthma only (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.82; 497 children) by 2.5 years old.Three NRSIs were judged to be at serious or critical risk of bias due to confounding, missing data, or both, and were ineligible for inclusion in a narrative synthesis. We identified 21 eligible studies (137,281 children) that reported the safety outcomes of interest. We judged seven studies to be at high risk of bias and those remaining, at unclear risk. The pooled RR was 0.94 for all-cause SAEs (95% CI 0.78 to 1.15; I2 = 0%; 15 studies, 38,072 children). For every 1000 children primed with a first dose of wP, 11 had an SAE. The corresponding risk with aP was 12 children (95% CI 9 to 13). The 95% CI around the risk difference ranged from three fewer to two more events per 1000 children, and the certainty of the evidence was judged as moderate (downgraded one level for imprecision). No diagnoses of encephalopathy following vaccination were reported (95% CI around the risk difference - 5 to 12 per 100,000 children; seven primary series studies; 115,271 children). The certainty of the evidence was judged as low, since this is a serious condition, and we could not exclude a clinically meaningful difference. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is very low-certainty evidence that a first dose of wP given early in infancy, compared to a first dose of aP, affects the risk of atopic diseases in children. The incidence of all-cause SAEs in wP and aP vaccinees was low, and no cases of encephalopathy were reported. The certainty of the evidence was judged as moderate for all-cause SAEs, and low for encephalopathy. Future studies should use sensitive and specific endpoints of clinical relevance, and should be conducted in settings with high prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy. Safety endpoints should prioritise common vaccine reactions, parental acceptability, SAEs and their potential relatedness to the dose administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladymar Perez Chacon
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jessica Ramsay
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Marie J Estcourt
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Patrick Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Zhang L, Prietsch SOM, Axelsson I, Halperin SA. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD001478. [PMID: 25228233 PMCID: PMC9722541 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001478.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. Following this action, there was a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, containing purified or recombinant Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) antigens, were developed in the hope that they would be as effective, but less reactogenic than the whole-cell vaccines. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1999, and previously updated in 2012. In this update, we included no new studies. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in children and to compare them with the whole-cell vaccines. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2013, Issue 12), MEDLINE (1950 to January week 2, 2014), EMBASE (1974 to January 2014), Biosis Previews (2009 to January 2014) and CINAHL (2009 to January 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA We selected double-blind randomised efficacy and safety trials of aP vaccines in children up to six years old, with active follow-up of participants and laboratory verification of pertussis cases. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Differences in trial design precluded a meta-analysis of the efficacy data. We pooled the safety data from individual trials using a random-effects meta-analysis model. MAIN RESULTS We included six efficacy trials with a total of 46,283 participants and 52 safety trials with a total of 136,541 participants. Most of the safety trials did not report the methods for random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding, which made it difficult to assess the risk of bias in the studies. The efficacy of multi-component (≥ three) vaccines varied from 84% to 85% in preventing typical whooping cough (characterised by 21 or more consecutive days of paroxysmal cough with confirmation of B. pertussis infection by culture, appropriate serology or contact with a household member who has culture-confirmed pertussis), and from 71% to 78% in preventing mild pertussis disease (characterised by seven or more consecutive days of cough with confirmation of B. pertussis infection by culture or appropriate serology). In contrast, the efficacy of one- and two-component vaccines varied from 59% to 78% against typical whooping cough and from 41% to 58% against mild pertussis disease. Multi-component acellular vaccines are more effective than low-efficacy whole-cell vaccines, but may be less effective than the highest-efficacy whole-cell vaccines. Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with aP vaccines than with wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster dose. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component (≥ three) aP vaccines are effective in preventing whooping cough in children. Multi-component aP vaccines have higher efficacy than low-efficacy wP vaccines, but they may be less efficacious than the highest-efficacy wP vaccines. Acellular vaccines have fewer adverse effects than whole-cell vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhang
- Federal University of Rio GrandeFaculty of MedicineRua Visconde Paranaguá 102CentroRio GrandeRSBrazil96201‐900
| | - Sílvio OM Prietsch
- Federal University of Rio GrandeFaculty of MedicineRua Visconde Paranaguá 102CentroRio GrandeRSBrazil96201‐900
| | - Inge Axelsson
- Östersund County HospitalÖstersundSweden
- Mid Sweden UniversityDepartment of Health SciencesÖstersundSwedenSE‐831 25
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Halifax Dalhousie University, IWK Health CentreCanadian Center for Vaccinology5850/5980 University AvenueHalifaxNSCanadaB3K 6R8
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Witt MA, Katz PH, Truong ET, Witt DJ. Reply to Kiraly et al. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:770-1. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Prietsch SOM, Axelsson I, Halperin SA. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012:CD001478. [PMID: 22419280 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001478.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. Following such action, there was a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, containing purified or recombinant Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) antigens, were developed in the hope that they would be as effective, but less reactogenic than the whole-cell vaccines. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in children. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 4) which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1950 to December week 4, 2011), EMBASE (1974 to January 2012), Biosis Previews (2009 to January 2012), and CINAHL (2009 to January 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA We selected double-blind randomised efficacy and safety trials of aP vaccines in children up to six years old, with active follow-up of participants and laboratory verification of pertussis cases. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Differences in trial design precluded a meta-analysis of the efficacy data. We pooled the safety data from individual trials using a random-effects meta-analysis model. MAIN RESULTS We included six efficacy trials with a total of 46,283 participants and 52 safety trials with a total of 136,541 participants. Most of the safety trials did not report the methods for random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding, which made it difficult to assess the risk of bias in the studies. The efficacy of multi-component (≥ three) vaccines varied from 84% to 85% in preventing typical whooping cough (characterised by 21 or more consecutive days of paroxysmal cough with confirmation of B. pertussis infection by culture, appropriate serology or contact with a household member who has culture-confirmed pertussis), and from 71% to 78% in preventing mild pertussis disease (characterised by seven or more consecutive days of cough with confirmation of B. pertussis infection by culture or appropriate serology). In contrast, the efficacy of one- and two-component vaccines varied from 59% to 75% against typical whooping cough and from 13% to 54% against mild pertussis disease. Multi-component acellular vaccines are more effective than low-efficacy whole-cell vaccines, but may be less effective than the highest-efficacy whole-cell vaccines. Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with aP vaccines than with wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster dose. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component (≥ three) aP vaccines are effective and show less adverse effects than wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rua Visconde Paranaguá 102, Centro, RioGrande, RS, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Prietsch SO, Axelsson I, Halperin SA. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD001478. [PMID: 21249646 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001478.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s/1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. There was a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis vaccines (containing purified or recombinant Bordetella pertussis antigens) were developed in the hope that they would be as effective but less reactogenic than the whole-cell vaccines. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, issue 2) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register; MEDLINE (1950 to April week 2 2009) and EMBASE (1974 to April 2009). SELECTION CRITERIA Double-blind randomised efficacy and safety trials of acellular pertussis vaccines in children up to six years old, with active follow-up of participants and laboratory verification of pertussis cases. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently performed data extraction and study quality assessment. Differences in trial design precluded pooling of the efficacy data. The safety data from individual trials were pooled using the Cochrane statistical package Review Manager 5. MAIN RESULTS Six efficacy trials and 52 safety trials were included. The efficacy of multi-component (≥ 3) vaccines varied from 84% to 85% in preventing typical whooping cough, and from 71% to 78% in preventing mild pertussis disease. In contrast, the efficacy of one- and two-component vaccines varied from 59% to 75% against typical whooping cough, and from 13% to 54% against mild pertussis disease. Multi-component acellular vaccines is more effective than low-efficacy whole-cell vaccines, but may be less effective than the highest-efficacy whole-cell vaccines. Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with acellular than with whole-cell pertussis vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster dose. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component acellular pertussis vaccines are effective, and show less adverse effects than whole-cell pertussis vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rua Visconde Paranaguá 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, 96201-900
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of whole cell pertussis vaccines was suspended in some countries in the late 1970s and early 1980s, leading to a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis vaccines containing purified or recombinant Bordetella pertussis antigens were developed in the hope that they would be as effective but less toxic than the whole cell vaccines. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acellular pertussis vaccines in children. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Medline were searched up to January 1998. SELECTION CRITERIA Double-blind randomised efficacy and safety trials of acellular pertussis vaccines in children, with active follow-up of participants and laboratory verification of pertussis cases. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Six efficacy trials and 45 safety trials were included. Acellular pertussis vaccines with three or more pertussis vaccines were more effective than those with one or two antigens. They were also more effective than one type of whole cell pertussis vaccine, but less effective than two other types of whole cell vaccines. Differences in trial design precluded pooling of the efficacy data and results should be interpreted with caution. Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with acellular than with whole cell pertussis vaccines. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component acellular pertussis vaccines are effective, and show less adverse effects than whole cell pertussis vaccines. However in areas where whooping cough is more likely to be fatal, the higher toxicity of some whole cell vaccines may be offset by their increased effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Tinnion
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 0200
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of whole cell pertussis vaccines was suspended in some countries in the late 1970s and early 1980s, leading to a resurgence of whooping cough. Acellular pertussis vaccines containing purified or recombinant Bordetella pertussis antigens were developed in the hope that they would be as effective but less toxic than the whole cell vaccines. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acellular pertussis vaccines in children. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Medline were searched up to January 1998. SELECTION CRITERIA Double-blind randomised efficacy and safety trials of acellular pertussis vaccines in children, with active follow-up of participants and laboratory verification of pertussis cases. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Six efficacy trials and 45 safety trials were included. Acellular pertussis vaccines with three or more pertussis vaccines were more effective than those with one or two antigens. They were also more effective than one type of whole cell pertussis vaccine, but less effective than two other types of whole cell vaccines. Differences in trial design precluded pooling of the efficacy data and results should be interpreted with caution. Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with acellular than with whole cell pertussis vaccines. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component acellular pertussis vaccines are effective, and show less adverse effects than whole cell pertussis vaccines. However in areas where whooping cough is more likely to be fatal, the higher toxicity of some whole cell vaccines may be offset by their increased effectiveness.
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Mallaley PP, Halperin SA, Morris A, MacMillan A, Lee SF. Expression of a pertussis toxin S1 fragment by inducible promoters in oral Streptococcus and the induction of immune responses during oral colonization in mice. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:436-44. [PMID: 16699568 DOI: 10.1139/w05-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous work aimed at developing a live oral vaccine expressing pertussis toxin S1 fragment on the surface of the bacterium Streptococcus gordonii elicited a lower than expected antibody response, perhaps because of low antigen expression. In this study, in-frame promoter fusions were constructed to investigate whether an increase in antigen production by the streptococcal vaccine strain results in a better antibody response. The promoters tested were (i) the Streptococcus mutans sucrose-inducible fructosyltransferase (ftf) promoter and (ii) the Bacillus subtilis/Escherichia coli chimeric tetracycline-inducible xyl/tetO promoter. Each of these two promoters was placed upstream of the spaP/s1 fusion gene to drive its expression. The constructs were introduced into S. gordonii DL1 and S. mutans 834. The inducibility of the promoters was confirmed through the determination of SpaP/S1 production via Western blottings. Induced production of SpaP/S1 was observed in S. gordonii and S. mutans with each of the promoters, but the level of expression was the highest in S. mutans, using the xyl/tetO promoter. Thus, S. mutans carrying the xyl/tetO/spaP/s1 construct (S. mutans PM14) was used in oral colonization studies in BALB/c mice. Streptococccus mutans PM14 was able to colonize the animals for the 14-week duration of experimentation. A mucosal IgA response was observed in all the treatment groups but was highest in mice receiving tetracycline induction. In the mouse model of Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection, animals colonized with S. mutans PM14 showed a decreased in B. pertussis lung colony count (P = 0.03) on day 3 compared with control mice colonized by the parent S. mutans 834.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Mallaley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Canada
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Hale C, Humphreys IR, Hussell T, Bowe F, Clare S, Pickard D, Preston A, Del Giudice G, Dougan G. Mucosal immunisation of murine neonates using whole cell and acellular Pertussis vaccines. Vaccine 2004; 22:3595-602. [PMID: 15315838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Groups of neonatal mice were immunised with different mucosal vaccines based on acellular (Pertactin antigen) or whole cell (inactivated Bordetella pertussis with Diphtheria and Tetanus toxoid) Pertussis vaccines, using Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) as a mucosal adjuvant. Neonatal mice tolerated mucosal vaccination well and a significant cellular infiltrate was detected in the lungs of mice receiving mucosal vaccines compared to PBS controls. This infiltrate included B lymphocytes, gammadelta T cells and interferon-gamma producing T cells. Neonatal mice, in contrast to adult mice, responded poorly in terms of the production of serum antibody to Pertussis antigens delivered mucosally, although they were able to mount an anti-Tetanus response to those vaccines harbouring Tetanus toxoid and whole cell Pertussis antigen. Neonatal mice immunised with Pertactin or whole cell Pertussis antigen together with LT were protected against virulent B. pertussis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Wilson DR, Siebers A, Finlay BB. Antigenic analysis of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin with phage display libraries and rabbit anti-filamentous hemagglutinin polyclonal antibodies. Infect Immun 1998; 66:4884-94. [PMID: 9746593 PMCID: PMC108604 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.10.4884-4894.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/1998] [Accepted: 07/24/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial advancements have been made in the development of efficacious acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, continued progress requires better understanding of the antigenic makeup of B. pertussis virulence factors, including filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). To identify antigenic regions of FHA, phage display libraries constructed by using random fragments of the 10-kbp EcoRI fragment of B. pertussis fhaB were affinity selected with rabbit anti-FHA polyclonal antibodies. Characterization of antibody-reactive clones displaying FHA-derived peptides identified 14 antigenic regions, each containing one or more epitopes. A number of clones mapped within regions containing known or putative FHA adhesin domains and may be relevant for the generation of protective antibodies. The immunogenic potential of the phage-displayed peptides was assessed indirectly by comparing their recognition by antibodies elicited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-denatured and native FHA and by measuring the inhibition of this recognition by purified FHA. FHA residues 1929 to 2019 may contain the most dominant linear epitope of FHA. Clones mapping to this region accounted for ca. 20% of clones recovered from the initial library selection and screening procedures. They are strongly recognized by sera against both SDS-denatured and native FHA, and this recognition is readily inhibited by purified FHA. Given also that this region includes a factor X homolog (J. Sandros and E. Tuomanen, Trends Microbiol. 1:192-196, 1993) and that the single FHA epitope (residues 2001 to 2015) was unequivocally defined in a comparable study by E. Leininger et al. (J. Infect. Dis. 175:1423-1431, 1997), peptides derived from residues of 1929 to 2019 of FHA are strong candidates for future protection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Poland
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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